Screening potential participants in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) is often time consuming and expensive.

The study objective was to investigate the association between loneliness duration and memory function over a 20-year period.

Differences in brain network connectivity may reflect the capability of the neurological substrate to compensate for brain damage and preserve cognitive function (cognitive reserve). We examined the associations between white matter connectivity, brain damage markers, and cognition in a population sample of middle-aged individuals.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are increasingly more reliable in predicting neuropathology. To facilitate interpretation of phosphorylated tau sites as an early fluid biomarker, we sought to characterize which neurofibrillary tangle maturity levels (pretangle, intermediary 1, mature tangle, intermediary 2, and ghost tangle) are recognized.

Many common chronic diseases and syndromes are ageing-related. This raises the prospect that therapeutic agents that target the biological changes of ageing will prevent or delay multiple diseases with a single therapy. Gerotherapeutic drugs are those that target pathways involved in ageing, with the aims of reducing the burden of ageing-related diseases and increasing lifespan and healthspan. The

Background falls are common in older people, but associations between falls, dementia and frailty are relatively unknown. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on falls admissions has not been studied. Aim to investigate the impact of dementia, frailty, deprivation, previous falls and the differences between years for falls resulting in an emergency department (ED) or hospital admission. Study Design

Background exergaming-based interventions (EbIs) have been proposed to improve older adults’ mobility and balance performance. However, the effectiveness of such interventions for older adults with Parkinson’s disease (OAPD) remains unclear. Methods seven databases (Web of Science, Medline, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, PsychARTICLE and PubMed) were searched up to 7 April 2022

Introduction our objective was to describe trends in returning home after hospitalisation for hip fracture and identify predictive factors of this important patient-focussed outcome. Methods a cohort of hip fracture patients from England and Wales (2018–2019) resident in their own home pre-admission were analysed to identify patient and service factors associated with returning home after hospital

Trauma in older people leads to substantial morbidity and mortality. The National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) has driven improved practice with units compared to identify outliers. In 2013, our unit was an outlier for mortality post hip fracture (30-day mortality 12.2% vs. 8.3% nationally). This triggered external review. In 2019 the unit was highlighted as an exemplar in the UK. We describe the process

Background a Frailty Index (FI) calculated by the accumulation of deficits is often used to quantify the extent of frailty in individuals in specific settings. This study aimed to derive a FI that can be applied across three standardised international Residential Assessment Instrument assessments (interRAI), used at different stages of ageing and the corresponding increase in support needs. Methods

Blood pressure regulation is an automatic, moment-by-moment buffering of the blood pressure in response to physiological changes such as orthostasis, exercise and haemorrhage. This finely orchestrated reflex is called the baroreflex. It is a regulated arc of afferent, central and efferent arms. Multiple physiological changes occur with ageing that can disrupt this reflex, making blood pressure regulation

Introduction multimorbidity has become an increasingly important issue for many populations around the world, including Canada. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity at first follow-up and to identify factors associated with multimorbidity using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Methods this study included 27,701 community-dwelling participants

Introduction Proximal femoral fractures are common in frail institutionalised older patients. No convincing evidence exists regarding the optimal treatment strategy for those with a limited pre-fracture life expectancy, underpinning the importance of shared decision-making (SDM). This study investigated healthcare providers’ barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of SDM. Methods Dutch healthcare

Objective to identify multimorbidity patterns among middle-aged and older adults in China and examine how these patterns are associated with incident disability and recovery of independence. Methods data were from The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We included 14,613 persons aged ≥45 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify multimorbidity patterns with clinical

Background Age-associated cognitive decline may be influenced by testosterone status. However, studies evaluating the impact of bioavailable testosterone, the active, free testosterone, on cognitive function are scarce. Our study determined the relationship between calculated bioavailable testosterone and cognitive performance in older men. Methods We used data from the US National Health and Nutrition

Limited evidence exists on the link between inflammation and epigenetic ageing. We aimed to 1) assess the cross-sectional and prospective associations of 22 inflammation-related plasma markers and a signature of inflammaging with epigenetic ageing; 2) determine whether epigenetic ageing and inflammaging are independently associated with mortality. Blood samples from 940 participants in the Melbourne

Background The extent to which gait and mobility measures predict falls relative to other risk factors is unclear. This study examined predictive accuracy of over 70 baseline risk factors, including gait and mobility, for future falls and syncope using conditional inference forest models. Methods Data from three waves of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a population-based study of community-dwelling

Background The impact of late-life weight changes on incident dementia is unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI) and weight changes with dementia and to explore the role of APOE ɛ4 in these associations. Methods A total of 1,673 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 years were followed for an initial 6 years to detect changes in BMI/weight and then for an additional

Background Although biological aging has been proposed as a more accurate measure of aging, few biological aging measures have been developed for Asians, especially for young adults. Methods A total of 521,656 participants were enrolled in the MJ cohort (1996 -2011) and were followed until death, loss-to-follow-up, or Dec 31, 2011, whichever came first. We selected 14 clinical biomarkers including

Background Considerable evidence showed that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve standing balance and walking performance in older adults with age-related neurological disorders. We here thus completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively examine such benefits of rTMS. Methods A search strategy based on the PICOS principle was used to obtain the literature

Unexplained weight changes that occur in Parkinson’s disease (PD), are often neglected and remain a poorly understood non-motor feature in patients with PD. A specific ‘Park-weight’ phenotype with low body weight has been described, and our aim was to evaluate the clinical and prognostic trajectories and biomarkers of weight variability in PD. We evaluated body weight-related biomarkers in 405 de novo

Between 2018 and 2019, multiple clinical trials ended earlier than planned, resulting in calls to improve communication with and support for participants and their study partners (“dyads”). The multidisciplinary Participant Follow-Up Improvement in Research Studies and Trials (Participant FIRST) Work Group met throughout 2021. Its goals were to identify best practices for communicating with and supporting

In humans and rats, aging is associated with a progressive deterioration of spatial learning and memory. These functional alterations are correlated with morphological and molecular changes in the hippocampus. Here, we assessed age-related changes in DNA methylation (DNAm) landscape in the rat hippocampus and the correlation of spatial memory with hippocampal DNAm age in 2.6 months and 26.6 months

Aging and age-related diseases have been linked to microbial dysbiosis with changes in blood bacterial DNA concentration. This condition may promote chronic low-grade inflammation, which can be further aggravated by antioxidant nutrient deficiency. Low plasma carotenoids are associated with an increased risk of inflammation and cellular damage and predict mortality. However, no evidence is yet available

Aging and age-related diseases represent a compelling therapeutic goal for senolytics and drugs targeting inflammatory or metabolic pathways. We compared MyMD-1, a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid myosmine capable of suppressing TNF-α production, to rapamycin, the best characterized drug endowed with anti-aging properties. In vivo, a longitudinal cohort of 54 C57BL/6 mice, 19-month-old at the start

Blood-based markers (BBMs) have recently shown promise to revolutionize the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as to improve the design of interventional trials. Here we discuss in detail further research needed to be performed before widespread use of BBMs. We already now recommend use of BBMs as (pre-)screeners to identify individuals likely to have AD pathological

Brain deterioration with age is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress that result in structural and functional changes. Recent studies have indicated that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is associated to neurological oxidative stress and cognitive impairment. Studies with older people have shown a relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and CoQ10 levels. However, no studies have analyzed the

Objectives to analyse the accuracy of grip strength and gait speed in identifying mortality; to compare the association between mortality and sarcopenia defined by the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 using the best cut-off found in the present study and those recommended in the literature and to test whether slowness is better than these two definitions to identify the risk of death in older adults. Methods a

Longitudinal multivariable analyses are needed to determine if the rate of olfactory decline during normal cognition predicts subsequent Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses and brain dysmorphology.

Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 299-amino acid secreted glycoprotein binding cholesterol and phospholipids, and with three common isoforms (APOE ε2, APOE ε3, and APOE ε4). The exact mechanism by which APOE gene variants increase/decrease Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk is not fully understood, but APOE isoforms differently affect brain homeostasis and neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability

It remains unknown whether the global small vessel disease (SVD) burden predicts post-stroke outcomes.

Background Pain is associated with cognitive decline among older adults, but few studies have investigated bidirectional associations between pain and cognitive decline, especially in older Hispanic populations. Our objective is to assess the bidirectional association between pain interference and cognitive performance in a sample of older Puerto Rican adults. Methods Data came from baseline and 4-year

We investigated associations between neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation and cognitive change.

Despite evidence for systemic mitochondrial dysfunction early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, reliable approaches monitoring these key bioenergetic alterations are lacking. We used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets as reporters of mitochondrial function in the context of cognitive impairment and AD.

Long-term care homes play an essential role within health and social care. Successful measures to support older people at home for longer have led to increased prevalence of disability, frailty and cognitive impairment in those who live in care homes over the last two decades. The need for care home places is projected to increase for the next two decades. Modern care homes provide care for people

Background Some amino acids have been associated with aging-related disorders and risk of physical impairment. The aim of this study was to assess the association between plasma concentrations of nine amino acids, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and multimorbidity. Methods This research uses longitudinal data from the Seniors-ENRICA 2 study, a population-based cohort from Spain which

Background Myelin loss is a feature of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Although physical activity levels may exert protective effects over cSVD pathology, its specific relationship with myelin content in people living with the cSVD is unknown. Thus, we investigated whether physical activity levels are associated with myelin in community-dwelling older adults with cSVD and mild cognitive impairment

Sarcopenia is a muscle disease with adverse changes that increase throughout lifetime, but with different chronological scale between individuals. Addressing “early muscle aging" is becoming a critical issue for prevention. Through the CHRONOS study, we demonstrated the ability of the high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG), a non-invasive, wireless, portable technology, to detect both healthy

Objectives to assess the effect of recent stalling of life expectancy and various scenarios for disability progression on projections of social care expenditure between 2018 and 2038, and the likelihood of reaching the Ageing Society Grand Challenge mission of five extra healthy, independent years at birth. Design two linked projections models: the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) model

Background Art-based interventions may delay cognitive decline and improve health-related outcomes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective To examine the effects of the Creative Expressive Arts-based Storytelling (CrEAS) program compared to active and waitlist controls on neurocognitive and other health-related outcomes in older people with MCI. Design Three-arm parallel-group

Background Multimorbidity is defined as the presence of multiple chronic conditions in the same individual. Multimorbidity is more prevalent in older adults and can lead to several adverse health outcomes. Methods We systematically reviewed evidence from observational studies to verify the association between multimorbidity and hospitalization in older adults. Furthermore, we also aimed to identify

Background care home staff play a crucial role in managing residents’ health and responding to deteriorations. When deciding whether to transfer a resident to hospital, a careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks is required. Previous studies have identified factors that influence staff decision-making, yet few have moved beyond description to produce a conceptual model of the decision-making

Background outcomes of hospitalisation are often described in quantitative terms. It is unknown how older frail patients describe their own outcomes. Objective to discover how older frail persons describe their own hospitalisation outcomes and the meaning of these outcomes for their daily lives. Design Constructivist Grounded Theory approach. Participants frail older people discharged from hospital

To determine the role of vitamin D intake on cognitive decline among Blacks and Whites.

Sarcopenia is an age-related condition of slow, progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, which contributes to frailty, increased risk of hospitalisation and mortality, and increased health care costs. The incidence of sarcopenia is predicted to increase to >200 million affected older adults worldwide over the next 40 years, highlighting the urgency for understanding biological mechanisms and developing