This study aimed to assess the medium-term oncologic outcomes of an active surveillance protocol, replacing confirmatory biopsy with serial multiparametric MRI (mpMRI).

In 2019 the American Urological Association (AUA) released the evidence-based guideline "Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: AUA/CUA/SUFU Guideline." Information supporting the guideline came from a 2019 systematic evidence review prepared for the AUA by the Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC). The AUA used evidence found for 11 Key Questions (Appendix C) in

We sought to determine whether polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) is noninferior to tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) in the treatment of women with primary stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

We evaluated the utility of diagnostic codes to screen for patients with primary hyperoxaluria (PH) and evaluate their positive predictive value (PPV) in identifying children with this rare condition in PEDSnet, a clinical research network of pediatric health systems that shares electronic health records data.

Indications for germline testing in prostate cancer patients have expanded substantially over the past decade. With a near-universal shortage of genetic counselors and increasing demand, increased access to genetic counseling is crucial. We sought to prospectively implement and assess a clinician-led approach to genetic counseling and testing.

Alcohol intoxication is a known risk factor for Motor Vehicle Collisions (MVCs). We hypothesize ethanol intoxication increases the risk of bladder injury and surgical repair, especially at higher Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) levels.

We evaluated if scores generated by the LSE Classification System and the U-Score (US) system are associated with intraoperative surgical complexity and stricture recurrence risk.

Hypoandrogenism (HA) may have an association with urethral stricture (US). This study aimed to identify and quantify the association between testosterone levels and US.

Left-digit bias is a phenomenon in which the leftmost digit of a number disproportionately influences decision-making. We measured the effect of left-digit age bias on treatment recommendations for localized prostate cancer.

The clinical, social, and economic impacts of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) on individuals and healthcare systems are thought to be immense, yet the true costs of care are unknown. The aims of this study are to illuminate the global costs related to the current state of care for NLUTD.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently recommended as adjuvant therapy following complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor for high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). In response to the BCG shortage, gemcitabine plus docetaxel (Gem/Doce) has been utilized at our institution in the BCG-naïve setting. We report the outcomes of patients with high-risk BCG-naïve NMIBC treated

Planning complex operations such as robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy requires surgeons to review 2-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cross-sectional images to understand 3-dimensional (3D), patient-specific anatomy. We sought to determine surgical outcomes for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy when surgeons reviewed 3D, virtual reality (VR) models for operative planning.

Intradetrusor injections of onabotulinumtoxinA are efficacious for the treatment of overactive bladder with urgency urinary incontinence in adults refractory to, or intolerant of, anticholinergics. Delivery of onabotulinumtoxinA via instillation would reduce the need for intradetrusor injections. The objective of this trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravesical instillation of an o

Intravesical gemcitabine-docetaxel (Gem/Doce) has emerged as an efficacious and well-tolerated salvage therapy for NMIBC. However, further rescue therapies are needed for subsequent recurrences or intolerance, particularly when cystectomy is refused or precluded. Valrubicin is an FDA-approved agent for BCG unresponsive disease, yet as monotherapy has demonstrated poor efficacy. We report our experience

We assessed whether Prostate Health Index (phi) results improve prediction of grade reclassification for men on active surveillance.

Recent studies reported a potential benefit associated with adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) for patients with adverse pathology features of prostate cancer. We hypothesized that not all the patients with adverse features may benefit from aRT and, therefore, observation +/- early salvage radiotherapy (eSRT) may still be considered in a subgroup of these patients.

AbstractObjective:Several studies have shown baseline health-related quality of life (HRQOL) to be a valuable prognostic indicator of survival outcomes for various cancer entities in the metastatic setting. To date, there is no evidence regarding the prognostic value of baseline HRQOL for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) due to localized prostate cancer (PC).

Even when a screening study has demonstrated a mortality reduction, the degree of pre-testing and contamination is of importance as it can dilute the "true" effect of screening. Our object was to describe the level of pre-testing and contamination in the Göteborg-1 prostate cancer (PC) screening trial.

There is variation amongst guidelines with respect to risk stratification of Ta tumors, specifically high-grade (HG) Ta tumors. We sought to investigate the response of all Ta tumors to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and compare response rates based on European Association of Urology (EAU) classification as intermediate- (IR) or high-risk (HR).

We describe the lived experience of adults with acquired buried penis (AABP) through thematic analysis of patient interviews. We examine the challenges that patients face and the impacts of surgery.

Open radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy (O-CT) is standard management for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena caval thrombus. First reported a decade ago, robotic radical nephrectomy with caval tumor thrombectomy (R-CT) is a minimally invasive option for this disease. We aimed to perform a systematic review to assess the safety and feasibility of R-CT in terms of perioperative

In April 2008, Medicare amended their policy for clean intermittent catheter (CIC), increasing coverage from 4 re-used catheters per month to up to 200 single-use catheters. The primary reason for the policy change was an assumed decrease in risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) with single-use catheters. Given its economic/environmental impact (∼50-fold increase in cost and plastic waste) and a paucity

Conversions from partial (PN) to radical nephrectomy (RN) are uncommon and reports on this topic are rare. In this study we present a detailed analysis of conversions from PN to RN in a single institutional contemporary experience and provide an analysis of preoperative risk factors.

The thulium fiber laser is a promising new lithoptripsy technology never before studied in the pediatric population. Our center adopted the first platform in North America, the SuperPulsed thulium fiber laser (SPTF). We aimed to compare outcomes in pediatric ureteroscopy using the SPTF to those using the gold standard, low-power holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser.

Little is known regarding the prognostic implications of variant histology in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). We sought to evaluate the impact of variant histology UTUC on patient survival outcomes at our institution.

To analyze the relationship between use of anticholinergic drugs to treat overactive bladder (OAB) and risk of incident dementia in older patients; overall and for each drug separately.

Active surveillance (AS) with the possibility of delayed intervention (DI) is emerging as a safe alternative to immediate intervention for many patients with small renal masses (SRMs). However, limited comparative data exist to inform the most appropriate management strategy for SRMs.

To assess venous thromboembolism (VTE) and associated risk factors following artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) and inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery.

Percutaneous ablation therapy (AT) and partial nephrectomy (PN) are successful management strategies for T1a renal cancer. Our objective was to compare AT to PN with respect to recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

The safety label for collagenase Clostridium histolyticum was updated to include post-injection acute lower back pain as an adverse event observed with intralesional therapy for Peyronie's disease. Incidence and causality are unknown. We assessed frequencies and temporal associations for this adverse event in a large cohort.

The optimal management of patients with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCTs) who achieve a complete response (CR) after first-line chemotherapy remains unsettled. This study reports long-term outcomes of patients with GCT managed with surveillance after achieving a CR to first-line chemotherapy.

The treatment of stones ureteroscopically is associated with post-operative pain, thought to be due largely to the use of ureteral stents. In some, stent removal precipitates renal colic that can last from minutes to hours. We sought to determine if intramuscular ketorolac could reduce post-stent removal renal colic.

The trial "OPTimized Instillation of Mitomycin for Bladder Cancer Treatment" (Optima II, clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03558503) was a Phase 2b trial evaluating a nonsurgical alternative as a primary treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Patients received six weekly instillations of UGN-102, a mitomycin-containing reverse thermal gel. This is the first study to report on patientreported

We investigated the safety, preliminary efficacy, and immune effects of large surface area microparticle docetaxel (LSAM-DTX) administered by direct-injection after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and by intravesical instillation in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

We conducted a randomized, single-blind clinical trial comparing the surgical outcomes of robotic-assisted fluoroscopic-guided (RAF group) and ultrasound-guided (US group) renal access in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

The correct risk categorization and staging of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is key for disease management. Computed tomography urography (CTU) and urinary cytology have limited accuracy for risk stratification of UTUC. Ureteroscopy may increase the risk of bladder recurrence. Recently, Bladder EpiCheckTM (EpiCheck) showed a high accuracy in the detection of bladder cancer. The aim of the study

The summary presented herein represents Part III of the three-part series dedicated to Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: AUA/ASTRO Guideline, discussing principles of radiation and offering several future directions of further relevant study in patients diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer. Please refer to Parts I and II for discussion of risk assessment, staging, and risk-based