Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical cystectomy (RC) in patients with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) confers an absolute survival benefit of 5-10%. There is evidence that molecular differences between tumors may impact response to therapy, highlighting a need for clinically validated biomarkers to predict response to NAC.

We performed a systematic review comparing the incidence infectious complications following transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) in cases utilizing antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) to cases not utilizing antibiotic prophylaxis (NAP).

To compare cancer specific mortality (CSM) rates between radical prostatectomy (RP) vs. external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) high risk (HR) patients, as well as in Johns Hopkins University (JH) high-risk (HR) and very high risk (VHR) subgroups.

To assess whether sampling of the transitional-zone can be spared in patients with exclusively peripheral prostate cancer (PCa)-suspicious mpMRI lesions, who undergo combined mpMRI targeted (TBx) and systematic prostate biopsies (SBx).

The risk of prostate cancer among persons living with HIV (PWH) is not well understood and may be obscured by different opportunities for detection.

Daily aspirin use following cardiovascular intervention is commonplace and creates concern regarding bleeding risk in patients undergoing surgery. Despite its cardio-protective role, aspirin is often discontinued 5-7 days prior to major surgery due to bleeding concerns. Single institution studies have investigated perioperative outcomes of aspirin use in robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN). We sought

AUF is an uncommon diagnosis, but increasingly reported and potentially lethal. This systematic review comprehensively presents risk factors, pathophysiology, location and clinical presentation of AUF aiming to increase clinical awareness of this rare but life-threatening condition, and to put this entity into a contemporary perspective with modern diagnostic tools and treatment strategies.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) use in children has increased, though many centers still favor open pyeloplasty (OP) in infants. This study aims to compare safety and efficacy of RALP and OP in infants.

Prediction models are recommended by national guidelines to support clinical decision-making in prostate cancer. Existing models to predict pathologic outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP)-the Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) models, Partin tables, and the Briganti nomogram-have been developed using data from tertiary care centers and may not generalize well to other settings.

National and International guidelines recommend the use of one dose of intravesical chemotherapy immediately following surgery for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, which is performed infrequently on a population level. We sought to understand the importance of potential environmental and clinical dimensions involved in the decision to offer this therapy.

Randomized trials from Africa demonstrate that circumcision reduces the risk of acquiring HIV among males. However, few studies have examined this association in Western populations. We sought to evaluate the association between circumcision and the risk of acquiring HIV among males from Ontario, Canada.

Patients with high-grade renal trauma (HGRT) undergoing nephrectomy may be at higher risk for mortality compared to those treated conservatively. However, no study has controlled for shock on presentation. We hypothesized that after controlling for blood transfusions and other factors, nephrectomy after HGRT would be associated with increased mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Increased time after spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with a migration to bladder managements with higher morbidity such as indwelling catheter (IDC). Still it is unclear how this affects bladder-related quality of life (QoL). We hypothesized that time from injury (TFI) would be associated with changes in bladder management, symptoms, and satisfaction.

Prior research has shown that concordance with the guideline-endorsed recommendation to re-resect patients diagnosed with primary T1 bladder cancer (BC) is suboptimal. Therefore, the aim of this population-based study was to identify factors associated with re-resection in T1 BC.

Current guidelines do not provide strong recommendations on the preservation of the neurovascular bundles during RP in case of HR PCa and/or suspicious EPE. We aimed to evaluate when, in case of unilateral HR disease, contralateral NS should be considered or not.

The incidence and risk factors for metachronous upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) following radical cystectomy (RC) remain incompletely defined, which has limited the ability to individualize postoperative surveillance.

Four recent first-line clinical trials leveraging immune-oncology agents demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit relative to sunitinib. We aimed to provide formal comparisons among immune-oncology combinations in term of OS, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rates (ORR) and treatment-related adverse events (AEs).

Accurate risk stratification remains a barrier for the safety of active surveillance in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) and the maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) may improve risk stratification within this population.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease often manifested by lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We previously found statins were associated with modest attenuations in prostate growth over time in REDUCE. We tested whether statins were associated with LUTS incidence in asymptomatic men and LUTS progression in symptomatic men.

Many patients will experience symptoms in the initial days after radical prostatectomy (RP), but early patient-reported symptoms have not been well-characterized. Our objective was to illustrate the pattern of symptoms experienced after RP and the relation of severe symptoms to postoperative complications.

To obtain the perspectives of surgeons who treat female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and better understand their range of experiences with mesh mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery.

Microscopic hematuria is one of the most common office consults for urologists. While revised guidelines have risk-stratified patients to reduce unnecessary screening, they do not provide guidance concerning specimen quality. We sought to define "properly collected" specimens using catheterized urine samples as a reference to improve the utility of hematuria screening in women.

Priapism is a persistent penile erection that continues hours beyond, or is unrelated to, sexual stimulation and results in a prolonged and uncontrolled erection. Given its time-dependent and progressive nature, priapism is a situation that both urologists and emergency medicine practitioners must be familiar with and comfortable managing. Acute ischemic priapism, characterized by little or no cavernous

The clinician treating patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) needs to balance a variety of factors when making treatment decisions. In addition to the patient's urologic symptoms and urodynamic findings, other issues that may influence management options of the lower urinary tract include cognition, hand function, type of neurologic disease, mobility, bowel function/management

The clinician treating patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) needs to balance a variety of factors when making treatment decisions. In addition to the patient's urologic symptoms and urodynamic findings, other issues that may influence management options of the lower urinary tract include cognition, hand function, type of neurologic disease, mobility, bowel function/management

Plain language summaryOutpatient visits and surgical procedures declined and recovered, and the magnitude of both varied by many factors, such as race, insurance type, location, urgency of diagnosis and procedure. The impact of delayed treatment and the differences in decline and recovery should inform approaches for the ongoing treatment of patients both during and post pandemic.

Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common male sexual dysfunctions. Local anesthetics (LAs) and dapoxetine are frequently used to treat PE, however, previous studies show variable efficacy. This study aims to determine the efficacy of LAs and dapoxetine using a novel classification based on neurophysiological tests.

Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) responsibility among youth with spina bifida is not well-studied. We sought to determine longitudinal trajectories of CIC responsibility to examine the transition of CIC responsibility from caregiver- to self-CIC.

In 2015, men undergoing radical prostatectomy in Ontario were recommended to undergo multidisciplinary care by seeing a radiation oncologist or discussion at multidisciplinary rounds before surgery. The a priori target rate was ≥76%. We used population-based data to explore factors associated with not receiving multidisciplinary care prior to radical prostatectomy.

To investigate the pathologic response rates and survival associated with 3 versus 4 cycles of cisplatin-based NAC in patients with cT2-4N0M0 MIBC.

To compare testosterone formulations and determine the degree that hematocrit increases vary by testosterone therapy formulation. As head-to-head trials are rare, network meta-analysis of the contemporary studies is the only way to compare hematocrit changes by testosterone type, including topical gels and patches, injectables (both short-acting and long-acting) and oral tablets.

Ideal number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cycles for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is uncertain with 3 to 4 representing the standard of care (SOC). We compared ypT0 rates and survival between patients receiving 4 versus 3 cycles of NAC with evaluation of chemotherapy-related toxicity for correlation with tumor chemosensitivity and pathologic response.

To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) and open radical prostatectomy (ORP) in a multicenter study.

Low-grade intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (LG IR NMIBC) is a recurrent disease, thus requiring repeated transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) under general anesthesia. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of UGN-102, a mitomycin-containing reverse thermal gel, as a primary chemoablative therapeutic alternative to TURBT for patients with LG IR NMIBC.

Multiple studies demonstrate MRI-targeted biopsy detects more clinically significant cancer than systematic biopsy, however some clinically significant cancers are detected by systematic biopsy only. While these events are rare, we sought to perform a retrospective analysis of these cases to ascertain the reasons that MRI-targeted biopsy missed clinically significant cancer, which was subsequently

SARS-CoV-2 has a disproportionately severe effect on men, suggesting that the androgen pathway plays a role in the disease. Studies on the effect of castration and androgen receptor (AR) blockade have been mixed, while 5α-reductase inhibitor (5ARI) use in men with COVID-19 have shown potential benefits. We assessed the association of 5ARI use on risk of community acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection.

To model the diagnostic recommendations and associated costs of new hematuria guidelines regarding referral patterns, procedure utilization, and urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) detection.

Urinary stone disease (USD) has been associated with an increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Western populations. However, the metabolic disorders associated with unilateral and bilateral renal stones and the association of these types of stones with CKD and kidney tubular injury markers, such as urine N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and alpha-1-microglobulin

Investigate the presence of nonbladder sensory abnormalities in participants with overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome.

Transperineal (TP) prostate biopsy provides an effective approach to prostate cancer (PCa) detection. Although transrectal targeted biopsy has been well described, the specific advantage of the standard TP template or TP targeted biopsy using multiparametric MRI-ultrasound (mpMRI-US) fusion remains less understood and without consensus.

Urologists will benefit from an imaging modality which can assess intra- and extra-luminal characteristics of urethral strictures. We conducted a prospective pilot study evaluating the utility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and shear wave elastography for the evaluation of bulbar urethral stricture disease.

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-ultrasound (US) fusion-guided biopsy may improve prostate cancer (PCa) detection and reduce grade misclassification. We compared PCa detection rates on systematic, MRI-targeted, and combined biopsy with evaluation of important subgroups.

Recently, it has been observed that early infections after SCI are associated with decreased long-term motor and sensory recovery. We investigate the effects of early infection after SCI on long-term bladder function.

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 urology residency match was transitioned to a virtual format. We sought to quantify the carbon offset and cost savings achieved during the 2021 match cycle based on the nature of the virtual format.

The purpose of this study was to describe the uptake, discontinuation and variation of active surveillance (AS) by provider and patient level characteristics.

We examined the demographic and clinicopathological parameters associated with the time to convert from active surveillance to treatment among men with prostate cancer.

To evaluate the safety of immediate contralateral orchiopexy (ICLO) at the time of scrotal exploration for testicular torsion (TT) suspicion.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histologic diagnosis describing proliferation of smooth muscle and epithelial cells within the prostatic transition zone. The prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in aging men are progressive and impact the health and welfare of society. This revised Guideline provides a useful reference on effective evidence-based management of male

Surgical therapies for symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are many, and vary from minimally invasive office based to high-cost operative approaches. This Guideline presents effective evidence-based surgical management of male lower urinary tract symptoms secondary/attributed to BPH (LUTS/BPH). See accompanying algorithm for a detailed summary of procedures