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Autochthonous Plasmodium vivax Infections, Florida, USA, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Azhar Muneer, Swamy R. Adapa, Suzane Silbert, Kelly Scanlan, Harold Vore, Andrew Cannons, Andrea M. Morrison, Danielle Stanek, Carina Blackmore, John H. Adams, Kami Kim, Rays H.Y. Jiang, Liwang Cui
During May–July 2023, a cluster of 7 patients at local hospitals in Florida, USA, received a diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Whole-genome sequencing of the organism from 4 patients and phylogenetic analysis with worldwide representative P. vivax genomes indicated probable single parasite introduction from Central/South America.
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Evolution and Antigenic Differentiation of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus, China Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yang Liu, Yuhua Chen, Zhiyi Yang, Yaozhong Lin, Siyuan Fu, Junhong Chen, Lingyu Xu, Tengfei Liu, Beibei Niu, Qiuhong Huang, Haixia Liu, Chaofeng Zheng, Ming Liao, Weixin Jia
We characterized the evolution and molecular characteristics of avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses isolated in China during 2021–2023. We systematically analyzed the 10-year evolution of the hemagglutinin gene to determine the evolutionary branch. Our results showed recent antigenic drift, providing crucial clues for updating the H7N9 vaccine and disease prevention and control.
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians—Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Prevention Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Maria G. Frank, Gretchen Weaver, Vanessa Raabe
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tickborne infection that can range from asymptomatic to fatal and has been described in >30 countries. Early identification and isolation of patients with suspected or confirmed CCHF and the use of appropriate prevention and control measures are essential for preventing human-to-human transmission. Here, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians—Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Therapeutics Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Maria G. Frank, Gretchen Weaver, Vanessa Raabe
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the most geographically widespread tickborne viral infection worldwide and has a fatality rate of up to 62%. Despite its widespread range and high fatality rate, no vaccines or treatments are currently approved by regulatory agencies in the United States or Europe. Supportive treatment remains the standard of care, but the use of antiviral medications
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Seasonal Patterns of Mpox Index Cases, Africa, 1970–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Camille Besombes, Festus Mbrenga, Ella Gonofio, Christian Malaka, Cedric-Stephane Bationo, Jean Gaudart, Manon Curaudeau, Alexandre Hassanin, Antoine Gessain, Romain Duda, Tamara Giles Vernick, Arnaud Fontanet, Emmanuel Nakouné, Jordi Landier
Across 133 confirmed mpox zoonotic index cases reported during 1970–2021 in Africa, cases occurred year-round near the equator, where climate is consistent. However, in tropical regions of the northern hemisphere under a dry/wet season cycle, cases occurred seasonally. Our findings further support the seasonality of mpox zoonotic transmission risk.
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Recurrence, Microevolution, and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Legionella pneumophila Sequence Type 1905, Portugal, 2014–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Vera Manageiro, Vítor Borges, Raquel Rodrigues, Célia Bettencourt, Cecília Silva, João Paulo Gomes, Paulo Gonçalves
We investigated molecular evolution and spatiotemporal dynamics of atypical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 sequence type 1905 and determined its long-term persistence and linkage to human disease in dispersed locations, far beyond the large 2014 outbreak epicenter in Portugal. Our finding highlights the need for public health interventions to prevent further disease spread.
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Interventional Study of Nonpharmaceutical Measures to Prevent COVID-19 Aboard Cruise Ships Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Varvara A. Mouchtouri, Leonidas Kourentis, Lemonia Anagnostopoulos, Michalis Koureas, Maria Kyritsi, Katerina Maria Kontouli, Fani Kalala, Mattheos Speletas, Christos Hadjichristodoulou
Cruise ships carrying COVID-19–vaccinated populations applied near-identical nonpharmaceutical measures during July–November 2021; passenger masking was not applied on 2 ships. Infection risk for masked passengers was 14.58 times lower than for unmasked passengers and 19.61 times lower than in the community. Unmasked passengers’ risk was slightly lower than community risk.
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Antigenic Characterization of Novel Human Norovirus GII.4 Variants San Francisco 2017 and Hong Kong 2019 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Kentaro Tohma, Michael Landivar, Lauren A. Ford-Siltz, Kelsey A. Pilewski, Joseph A. Kendra, Sandra Niendorf, Gabriel I. Parra
Norovirus is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis; GII.4 is the predominant strain in humans. Recently, 2 new GII.4 variants, Hong Kong 2019 and San Francisco 2017, were reported. Characterization using GII.4 monoclonal antibodies and serum demonstrated different antigenic profiles for the new variants compared with historical variants.
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SARS-CoV-2 IgG Levels as Predictors of XBB Variant Neutralization, Israel, 2022 and 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Yaniv Lustig, Michal Canetti, Victoria Indenbaum, Yovel Peretz, Yael Weiss-Ottolenghi, Ili Margalit, Keren Asraf, Tal Levin, Neta Zuckerman, Enosh Tomer, Michal Mandelboim, Ram Doolman, Noam Barda, Gili Regev-Yochay
Although a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-XBB.1.5 variant is available worldwide and recent infection is protective, the lack of recorded infection data highlights the need to assess variant-specific antibody neutralization levels. We analyzed IgG levels against receptor-binding domain–specific SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain as a correlate for high neutralizing titers against XBB variants.
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Detection of Recombinant African Swine Fever Virus Strains of p72 Genotypes I and II in Domestic Pigs, Vietnam, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Van Phan Le, Van Tam Nguyen, Tran Bac Le, Nguyen Tuan Anh Mai, Viet Dung Nguyen, Thi Tam Than, Thi Ngoc Ha Lai, Ki Hyun Cho, Seong-Keun Hong, Yeon Hee Kim, Tran Anh Dao Bui, Thi Lan Nguyen, Daesub Song, Aruna Ambagala
African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II is endemic to Vietnam. We detected recombinant ASFV genotypes I and II (rASFV I/II) strains in domestic pigs from 6 northern provinces in Vietnam. The introduction of rASFV I/II strains could complicate ongoing ASFV control measures in the region.
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Epidemiologic Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Suids, Spain Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-16 Mario Frías, Kerstin Fischer, Sabrina Castro-Scholten, Caroline Bost, David Cano-Terriza, Maria Ángeles Risalde, Pelayo Acevedo, Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz, Balal Sadeghi, Martin H. Groschup, Javier Caballero-Gómez, Ignacio García-Bocanegra
We conducted a cross-sectional study in wild boar and extensively managed Iberian pig populations in a hotspot area of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Spain. We tested for antibodies against CCHFV by using 2 ELISAs in parallel. We assessed the presence of CCHFV RNA by means of reverse transcription quantitative PCR protocol, which detects all genotypes. A total of 113 (21.8%) of 518
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Molecular Epidemiology of Mayaro Virus among Febrile Patients, Roraima State, Brazil, 2018–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Julia Forato, Cássio A. Meira, Ingra M. Claro, Mariene R. Amorim, Gabriela F. de Souza, Stefanie P. Muraro, Daniel A. Toledo-Teixeira, Miguel F. Dias, Cátia A. R. Meneses, Rodrigo N. Angerami, Pritesh Lalwani, Scott C. Weaver, Ester C. Sabino, Nuno R. Faria, William M. de Souza, Fabiana Granja, José Luiz Proenca-Modena
We detected Mayaro virus (MAYV) in 3.4% (28/822) of febrile patients tested during 2018–2021 from Roraima State, Brazil. We also isolated MAYV strains and confirmed that these cases were caused by genotype D. Improved surveillance is needed to better determine the burden of MAYV in the Amazon Region.
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Serogroup B Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Older Adults Identified by Genomic Surveillance, England, 2022–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Emily Loud, Stephen A. Clark, David S. Edwards, Elizabeth Knapper, Lynsey Emmett, Shamez Ladhani, Helen Campbell
We report a cluster of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease identified via genomic surveillance in older adults in England and describe the public health responses. Genomic surveillance is critical for supporting public health investigations and detecting the growing threat of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis infections in older adults.
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Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus for Clinicians—Virology, Pathogenesis, and Pathology Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Maria G. Frank, Gretchen Weaver, Vanessa Raabe
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by CCHF virus, is a tickborne disease that can cause a range of illness outcomes, from asymptomatic infection to fatal viral hemorrhagic fever; the disease has been described in >30 countries. We conducted a literature review to provide an overview of the virology, pathogenesis, and pathology of CCHF for clinicians. The virus life cycle and molecular interactions
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Coccidioidomycosis-Related Hospital Visits, Texas, USA, 2016–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Heather Mayfield, Vanora Davila, Elena Penedo
We analyzed hospital discharge records of patients with coccidioidomycosis-related codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification, to estimate the prevalence of hospital visits associated with the disease in Texas, USA. Using Texas Health Care Information Collection data for 2016–2021, we investigated the demographic characteristics and geographic distribution
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Sporotrichosis Cluster in Domestic Cats and Veterinary Technician, Kansas, USA, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Ian Hennessee, Erin Barber, Erin Petro, Stephanie Lindemann, Bryan Buss, Amanda Santos, Lalitha Gade, Shawn R. Lockhart, D. Joseph Sexton, Tom Chiller, Mitsuru Toda
We describe a feline sporotrichosis cluster and zoonotic transmission between one of the affected cats and a technician at a veterinary clinic in Kansas, USA. Increased awareness of sporotrichosis and the potential for zoonotic transmission could help veterinary professionals manage feline cases and take precautions to prevent human acquisition.
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Reemergence of Bordetella parapertussis, United States, 2019–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Brooklyn A. Noble, Sarah S. Jiudice, Jay D. Jones, Tristan T. Timbrook
To determine changes in Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis detection rates, we analyzed 1.43 million respiratory multiplex PCR test results from US facilities from 2019 through mid-2023. From mid-2022 through mid-2023, Bordetella spp. detection increased 8.5-fold; 95% of detections were B. parapertussis. While B. parapertussis rates increased, B. pertussis rates decreased.
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Detection of Influenza D Antibodies in Dogs, Apulia Region, Italy, 2016 and 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Claudia Maria Trombetta, Serena Marchi, Maria Giovanna Marotta, Ana Moreno, Chiara Chiapponi, Emanuele Montomoli, Gianvito Lanave, Michele Camero, Vito Martella
Dogs are known to be susceptible to influenza A viruses, although information on influenza D virus (IDV) is limited. We investigated the seroprevalence of IDV in 426 dogs in the Apulia region of Italy during 2016 and 2023. A total of 14 samples were positive for IDV antibodies, suggesting exposure to IDV in dogs.
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Detection of OXA-181 Carbapenemase in Shigella flexneri Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Ghulam Dhabaan, Hassan Jamal, Danielle Ouellette, Sarah Alexander, Karen Arane, Aaron Campigotto, Manal Tadros, Pierre-Philippe Piché-Renaud
We report the detection of OXA-181 carbapenemase in an azithromycin-resistant Shigella spp. bacteria in an immunocompromised patient. The emergence of OXA-181 in Shigella spp. bacteria raises concerns about the global dissemination of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales and its implications for the treatment of infections caused by Shigella bacteria.
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Sphingobium yanoikuyae Bacteremia, Japan Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Yayoi Miyamatsu, Ryutaro Tanizaki, Satoko Yamada
We report a case of Sphingobium yanoikuyae bacteremia in an 89-year-old patient in Japan. No standard antimicrobial regimen has been established for S. yanoikuyae infections. However, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime treatments were effective in this case. Increased antimicrobial susceptibility data are needed to establish appropriate treatments for S. yanoikuyae.
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Antimicrobial Resistance as Risk Factor for Recurrent Bacteremia after Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. Community-Onset Bacteremia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Salam Abbara, Didier Guillemot, David R.M. Smith, Salma El Oualydy, Maeva Kos, Cécile Poret, Stéphane Breant, Christian Brun-Buisson, Laurence Watier
We investigated links between antimicrobial resistance in community-onset bacteremia and 1-year bacteremia recurrence by using the clinical data warehouse of Europe’s largest university hospital group in France. We included adult patients hospitalized with an incident community-onset Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. bacteremia during 2017–2019. We assessed risk factors of
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks Collected from Cattle, Corsica, France, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Paloma Kiwan, Shirley Masse, Geraldine Piorkowski, Nazli Ayhan, Morena Gasparine, Laurence Vial, Remi N. Charrel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Alessandra Falchi
We report the detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in Corsica, France. We identified CCHFV African genotype I in ticks collected from cattle at 2 different sites in southeastern and central-western Corsica, indicating an established CCHFV circulation. Healthcare professionals and at-risk groups should be alerted to CCHFV circulation in Corsica.
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Burkholderia thailandensis Isolated from Infected Wound, Southwest China, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jin Li, Jishan Tan, Xingyun Xiong, Qiu Zhong, Weiping Lu
We report a clinical isolate of Burkholderia thailandensis 2022DZh obtained from a patient with an infected wound in southwest China. Genomic analysis indicates that this isolate clusters with B. thailandensis BPM, a human isolate from Chongqing, China. We recommend enhancing monitoring and surveillance for B. thailandensis infection in both humans and livestock.
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Novel Patterns in High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Whipple Pneumonia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Hui Li, Jiajia Wu, Xiaojun Mai, Wan Zeng, Shuping Cai, Xiuji Huang, Chunxia Zhou, Jin Li, Qin Jiang, Chunliu Lai, Canmao Xie
With the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing, patients diagnosed with Whipple pneumonia are being increasingly correctly diagnosed. We report a series of 3 cases in China that showed a novel pattern of movable infiltrates and upper lung micronodules. After treatment, the 3 patients recovered, and lung infiltrates resolved.
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Toxoplasma gondii Infections and Associated Factors in Female Children and Adolescents, Germany Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Laura Giese, Frank Seeber, Anton Aebischer, Ronny Kuhnert, Martin Schlaud, Klaus Stark, Hendrik Wilking
In a representative sample of female children and adolescents in Germany, Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence was 6.3% (95% CI 4.7%–8.0%). With each year of life, the chance of being seropositive increased by 1.2, indicating a strong force of infection. Social status and municipality size were found to be associated with seropositivity.
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Protective Efficacy of Lyophilized Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccines in Animal Model Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Abd’jeleel Salawudeen, Geoff Soule, Nikesh Tailor, Levi Klassen, Jonathan Audet, Angela Sloan, Yvon Deschambault, David Safronetz
We evaluated the in vitro effects of lyophilization for 2 vesicular stomatitis virus–based vaccines by using 3 stabilizing formulations and demonstrated protective immunity of lyophilized/reconstituted vaccine in guinea pigs. Lyophilization increased stability of the vaccines, but specific vesicular stomatitis virus–based vaccines will each require extensive analysis to optimize stabilizing formulations
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COVID-19 Vaccination Site Accessibility, United States, December 11, 2020–March 29, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Randy Yee, David Carranza, Christine Kim, James Phillip Trinidad, James L. Tobias, Roma Bhakoti, Sachiko Kuwabara
During December 11, 2020–March 29, 2022, the US government delivered ≈700 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine to vaccination sites, resulting in vaccination of ≈75% of US adults during that period. We evaluated accessibility of vaccination sites. Sites were accessible by walking within 15 minutes by 46.6% of persons, 30 minutes by 74.8%, 45 minutes by 82.8%, and 60 minutes by 86.7%. When limited to populations
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Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Kakuma Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya, 2020–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Maurice Ope, Raymond Musyoka, John Kiogora, Jesse Wambugu, Elizabeth Hunsperger, Gideon O. Emukule, Peninah Munyua, Bonaventure Juma, Elizabeth Simiyu, Levan Gagnidze, John Burton, Rachel B. Eidex
Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations at increased risk for poor health is critical to reducing disease. We describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Kakuma Refugee Camp Complex, Kenya. We performed descriptive analyses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the camp and surrounding community during March 16, 2020‒December 31, 2021. We identified cases in accordance with national guidelines
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Economic Burden of Acute Gastroenteritis among Members of Integrated Healthcare Delivery System, United States, 2014–2016 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 John F. Dickerson, Suzanne B. Salas, Judy Donald, Holly C. Groom, Mi H. Lee, Claire P. Mattison, Aron J. Hall, Mark A. Schmidt
We conducted a large surveillance study among members of an integrated healthcare delivery system in Pacific Northwest of the United States to estimate medical costs attributable to medically attended acute gastroenteritis (MAAGE) on the day care was sought and during 30-day follow-up. We used multivariable regression to compare costs of MAAGE and non-MAAGE cases matched on age, gender, and index time
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Congenital Syphilis Prevention Challenges, Pacific Coast of Colombia, 2018–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Jose F. Fuertes-Bucheli, Diana P. Buenaventura-Alegría, Adriana M. Rivas-Mina, Robinson Pacheco-López
High incidences of congenital syphilis have been reported in areas along the Pacific coast of Colombia. In this retrospective study, conducted during 2018–2022 at a public hospital in Buenaventura, Colombia, we analyzed data from 3,378 pregnant women. The opportunity to prevent congenital syphilis was missed in 53.1% of mothers because of the lack of syphilis screening. Characteristics of higher maternal
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SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, January 2020–January 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Aubrey D. Kehoe, Arshpreet Kaur Mallhi, Charles R. Barton, Hunter M. Martin, Christopher M. Turner, Xinyi Hua, Kin On Kwok, Gerardo Chowell, Isaac Chun-Hai Fung
We estimated COVID-19 transmission potential and case burden by variant type in Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario, Canada, during January 23, 2020–January 27, 2022; we also estimated the effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce transmission. We estimated time-varying reproduction number (Rt) over 7-day sliding windows and nonoverlapping time-windows determined by timing of policy
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Deforestation and Bovine Rabies Outbreaks in Costa Rica, 1985–2020 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-30 Christie Jones, Amanda Vicente-Santos, Julie A. Clennon, Thomas R. Gillespie
In Latin America, rabies virus has persisted in a cycle between Desmodus rotundus vampire bats and cattle, potentially enhanced by deforestation. We modeled bovine rabies virus outbreaks in Costa Rica relative to land-use indicators and found spatial-temporal relationships among rabies virus outbreaks with deforestation as a predictor.
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Kinetics of Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Asymptomatic Persons Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-28 Ricarda Plümers, Jens Dreier, Cornelius Knabbe, Eike Steinmann, Daniel Todt, Tanja Vollmer
To determine the kinetics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in asymptomatic persons and to evaluate viral load doubling time and half-life, we retrospectively tested samples retained from 32 HEV RNA-positive asymptomatic blood donors in Germany. Close-meshed monitoring of viral load and seroconversion in intervals of ≈4 days provided more information about the kinetics of asymptomatic HEV infections. We determined
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seroprevalence in Human and Livestock Populations, Northern Tanzania Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Ellen C. Hughes, William de Glanville, Tito Kibona, Blandina Theophil Mmbaga, Melinda K. Rostal, Emanuel Swai, Sarah Cleaveland, Felix Lankester, Brian J. Willett, Kathryn J. Allan
We conducted a cross-sectional study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in northern Tanzania. CCHFV seroprevalence in humans and ruminant livestock was high, as were spatial heterogeneity levels. CCHFV could represent an unrecognized human health risk in this region and should be included as a differential diagnosis for febrile illness.
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Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5N6) Virus Infection, Guangdong Province, China, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Yang Wang, Chunguang Yang, Yong Liu, Jiawei Zhang, Wei Qu, Jingyi Liang, Chuanmeizi Tu, Qianyi Mai, Kailin Mai, Pei Feng, Wenjing Huang, Zhengshi Lin, Chitin Hon, Zifeng Yang, Weiqi Pan
In 2022, we assessed avian influenza A virus subtype H5N6 seroprevalence among the general population in Guangdong Province, China, amid rising numbers of human infections. Among the tested samples, we found 1 to be seropositive, suggesting that the virus poses a low but present risk to the general population.
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Opportunistic Elizabethkingia miricola Infections in Intensive Care Unit, Spain Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Eva Soler-Iborte, Mario Rivera-Izquierdo, Carmen Valero-Ubierna
In 2021, we identified a cluster of Elizabethkingia miricola cases in an intensive care unit in Spain. Because E. miricola is not considered a special surveillance agent in Spain, whole-genome sequencing was not performed. The bacterial source was not identified. All Elizabethkingia species should be listed as special surveillance bacteria.
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Detection of Rat Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs, Spain, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Lucia Rios-Muñoz, Moisés Gonzálvez, Javier Caballero-Gomez, Sabrina Castro-Scholten, María Casares-Jimenez, Irene Agulló-Ros, Diana Corona-Mata, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Pedro Lopez-Lopez, Tomás Fajardo, João R. Mesquita, María A. Risalde, Antonio Rivero-Juarez
We identified rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA in farmed pigs from Spain. Our results indicate that pigs might be susceptible to rat HEV and could serve as viral intermediaries between rodents and humans. Europe should evaluate the prevalence of rat HEV in farmed pigs to assess the risk to public health.
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Uncommon Salmonella Infantis Variants with Incomplete Antigenic Formula in the Poultry Food Chain, Italy Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Sara Petrin, Alessia Tiengo, Alessandra Longo, Maddalena Furlan, Elisa Marafin, Paola Zavagnin, Massimiliano Orsini, Carmen Losasso, Lisa Barco
Uncommon Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis variants with phenotypically identical, incomplete antigenic formula but different molecular serotypes were isolated during 2014‒2022 in different regions of Italy. Most isolates formed rough colonies. All isolates shared antimicrobial resistances and the usg gene with wild-type Salmonella Infantis and were undistinguishable from wild-type Salmonella Infantis
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Melioidosis in Patients with COVID-19 Exposed to Contaminated Tap Water, Thailand, 2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Panupong Tantirat, Yotsathon Chantarawichian, Pantila Taweewigyakarn, Somkid Kripattanapong, Charuttaporn Jitpeera, Pawinee Doungngern, Chadaporn Phiancharoen, Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat, Soawapak Hinjoy, Anupong Sujariyakul, Premjit Amornchai, Gumphol Wongsuvan, Viriya Hantakun, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, Janjira Thaipadungpanit, Nicholas R. Thomson, David A.B. Dance, Claire Chewapreecha, Elizabeth M. Batty
In September 2021, a total of 25 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 developed acute melioidosis after (median 7 days) admission to a COVID-19 field hospital in Thailand. Eight nonpotable tap water samples and 6 soil samples were culture-positive for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Genomic analysis suggested contaminated tap water as the likely cause of illness.
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Isolation of Batborne Neglected Zoonotic Agent Issyk-Kul Virus, Italy Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Davide Lelli, Ana Moreno, Sabrina Canziani, Laura Soliani, Maya Carrera, Anna Castelli, Francesca Faccin, Tiziana Trogu, Enrica Sozzi, Gian Luca Cavallari, Matteo Mauri, Fabiana Ferrari, Cristian Salogni, Chiara Garbarino, Chiara Chiapponi, Marco Farioli, Antonio Lavazza
We isolated Issyk-Kul virus (ISKV) from a bat sampled from Italy in 2021 and conducted ISKV-specific surveillance in bats collected in Italy during 2017–2023. ISKV circulation among synanthropic and sedentary species of bat, such as Savi’s pipistrelle bat (Hypsugo savii) in northern Italy, may have public health implications in this region.
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Novel Oral Poliovirus Vaccine 2 Safety Evaluation during Nationwide Supplemental Immunization Activity, Uganda, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Farrell A. Tobolowsky, Fred Nsubuga, Zunera Gilani, Annet Kisakye, Helen Ndagije, Daniel Kyabayinze, Jane F. Gidudu
Given its enhanced genetic stability, novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 was deployed for type 2 poliovirus outbreak responses under World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing. We evaluated the safety profile of this vaccine. No safety signals were identified using a multipronged approach of passive and active surveillance.
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Alfred Whitmore and the Discovery of Melioidosis Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Jelmer Savelkoel, David A.B. Dance
We review the discovery of the tropical infectious disease melioidosis by Alfred Whitmore, a pathologist from England, and his assistant from India, C.S. Krishnaswami. We discuss how the subsequent disappearance of melioidosis from the medical literature of Burma holds parallels with the current neglect and under recognition of the disease. We urge global and national public health authorities to add
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Nephropathia Epidemica Caused by Puumala Virus in Bank Voles, Scania, Southern Sweden Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Jiaxin Ling, Elin Economou Lundeberg, Anishia Wasberg, Inês R. Faria, Sanja Vucicevic, Bo Settergren, Åke Lundkvist
In 2018, a local case of nephropathia epidemica was reported in Scania, southern Sweden, more than 500 km south of the previously known presence of human hantavirus infections in Sweden. Another case emerged in the same area in 2020. To investigate the zoonotic origin of those cases, we trapped rodents in Ballingslöv, Norra Sandby, and Sörby in southern Sweden during 2020‒2021. We found Puumala virus
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Bus Riding as Amplification Mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission, Germany, 2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Meike Schöll, Christoph Höhn, Johannes Boucsein, Felix Moek, Jasper Plath, Maria an der Heiden, Matthew Huska, Stefan Kröger, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Claudia Siffczyk, Udo Buchholz, Raskit Lachmann
To examine the risk associated with bus riding and identify transmission chains, we investigated a COVID-19 outbreak in Germany in 2021 that involved index case-patients among bus-riding students. We used routine surveillance data, performed laboratory analyses, interviewed case-patients, and conducted a cohort study. We identified 191 case-patients, 65 (34%) of whom were elementary schoolchildren
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Isolation of Diverse Simian Arteriviruses Causing Hemorrhagic Disease Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Teressa M. Shaw, Samuel T. Dettle, Andres Mejia, Jennifer M. Hayes, Heather A. Simmons, Puja Basu, Jens H. Kuhn, Mitchell D. Ramuta, Cody J. Warren, Peter B. Jahrling, David H. O’Connor, Liupei Huang, Misbah Zaeem, Jiwon Seo, Igor I. Slukvin, Matthew E. Brown, Adam L. Bailey
Genetically diverse simian arteriviruses (simarteriviruses) naturally infect geographically and phylogenetically diverse monkeys, and cross-species transmission and emergence are of considerable concern. Characterization of most simarteriviruses beyond sequence analysis has not been possible because the viruses fail to propagate in the laboratory. We attempted to isolate 4 simarteriviruses, Kibale
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Concurrent Outbreaks of Hepatitis A, Invasive Meningococcal Disease, and Mpox, Florida, USA, 2021–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Timothy J. Doyle, Megan Gumke, Danielle Stanek, Joshua Moore, Brian Buck, Timothy Locksmith, Kelly Tomson, Sarah Schmedes, George Churchwell, Shan Justin Hubsmith, Baskar Krishnamoorthy, Karalee Poschman, Brandi Danforth, Daniel Chacreton
In 2022, concurrent outbreaks of hepatitis A, invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), and mpox were identified in Florida, USA, primarily among men who have sex with men. The hepatitis A outbreak (153 cases) was associated with hepatitis A virus genotype IA. The IMD outbreak (44 cases) was associated with Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C, sequence type 11, clonal complex 11. The mpox outbreak in Florida
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Deaths Associated with Pediatric Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology, United States, October 2021–June 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Olivia Almendares, Julia M. Baker, David E. Sugerman, Umesh D. Parashar, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Hannah L. Kirking, Paul A. Gastañaduy, Jacqueline E. Tate
During October 2021–June 2023, a total of 392 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children in the United States were reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of national surveillance. We describe demographic and clinical characteristics, including potential involvement of adenovirus in development of acute hepatitis, of 8 fatally ill children who met reporting criteria
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Autochthonous Ascariasis, Mississippi, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Charlotte V. Hobbs, James Matthew Rhinewalt, Irene Arguello, Lacy Malloch, Lora Martin, William M. Poston, Paul Byers, Richard S. Bradbury
We describe a case of a 2-year-old child who expelled a single adult female Ascaris lumbricoides worm. The patient is from a rural county in Mississippi, USA, with reported no travel outside of the United States. The caregivers in the home practice good sanitation. Exposure to domestic pigs is the likely source of infection.
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Successful Treatment of Confirmed Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Ahmed Mujadid Khan Burqi, Luqman Satti, Saira Mahboob, Syed Onaiz Zulfiqar Anwar, Mahwash Bizanjo, Muhammad Rafique, Najia Karim Ghanchi
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri is a rare but nearly always fatal parasitic infection of the brain. Globally, few survivors have been reported, and the disease has no specific treatment. We report a confirmed case in Pakistan in a 22-year-old man who survived after aggressive therapy.
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Acanthamoeba Infection and Nasal Rinsing, United States, 1994–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Julia C. Haston, Chelsea Serra, Erin Imada, Emalee Martin, Ibne Karim M. Ali, Jennifer R. Cope
We describe 10 patients with nonkeratitis Acanthamoeba infection who reported performing nasal rinsing before becoming ill. All were immunocompromised, 7 had chronic sinusitis, and many used tap water for nasal rinsing. Immunocompromised persons should be educated about safe nasal rinsing to prevent free-living ameba infections.
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Prioritizing Mental Health within HIV and Tuberculosis Services in PEPFAR Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Rena Fukunaga, Paul Pierre, John K. Williams, Rebeca Briceno-Robaugh, Sam Kalibala, Meaghan Peterson, Patrick K. Moonan
Underprioritization of mental health is a global problem and threatens the decades-long progress of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program. In recent years, mental health has become globally recognized as a part of universal healthcare, making this an opportune moment for the global community to integrate mental health services into routine programming. PEPFAR is well positioned
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Breaking Through: My Life in Science Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Sara C. Keller
Breaking Through: My Life in Science
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Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Ukraine, 2017–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Victor Naestholt Dahl, Tetiana Butova, Alex Rosenthal, Alina Grinev, Andrei Gabrielian, Sergo Vashakidze, Natalia Shubladze, Bekzat Toxanbayeva, Lyailya Chingissova, Valeriu Crudu, Dumitru Chesov, Gulmira Kalmambetova, Gulbarchyn Saparova, Christian Morberg Wejse, Dmytro Butov
In 2021, the World Health Organization recommended new extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR tuberculosis (TB) definitions. In a recent cohort of TB patients in Eastern Europe, we show that XDR TB as currently defined is associated with exceptionally poor treatment outcomes, considerably worse than for the former definition (31% vs. 54% treatment success).
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Ocular Dirofilariasis in Migrant from Sri Lanka, Australia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Elliott D. Cope, Nishant Gupta, Anson V. Koehler, Robin B. Gasser, Amy Crowe
We describe a case of imported ocular dirofilariasis in Australia, linked to the Hong Kong genotype of Dirofilaria sp., in a migrant from Sri Lanka. Surgical extraction and mitochondrial sequences analyses confirmed this filarioid nematode as the causative agent and a Dirofilaria sp. not previously reported in Australia.
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Case of Human Orthohantavirus Infection, Michigan, USA, 2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Samuel M. Goodfellow, Robert A. Nofchissey, Dustin Arsnoe, Chunyan Ye, Seonghyeon Lee, Jieun Park, Won-Keun Kim, Kartik Chandran, Shannon L.M. Whitmer, John D. Klena, Jonathan W. Dyal, Trevor Shoemaker, Diana Riner, Mary Grace Stobierski, Kimberly Signs, Steven B. Bradfute
Orthohantaviruses cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome; most cases occur in the southwest region of the United States. We discuss a clinical case of orthohantavirus infection in a 65-year-old woman in Michigan and the phylogeographic link of partial viral fragments from the patient and rodents captured near the presumed site of infection.
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Ten Years of High-Consequence Pathogens—Research Gains, Readiness Gaps, and Future Goals Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Jennifer H. McQuiston, Joel M. Montgomery, Christina L. Hutson
Ten Years of High-Consequence Pathogens
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Phylogenetic Characterization of Orthohantavirus dobravaense (Dobrava Virus) Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Mert Erdin, Ceylan Polat, Teemu Smura, Sercan Irmak, Ortac Cetintas, Muhsin Cogal, Faruk Colak, Ahmet Karatas, Mustafa Sozen, Ferhat Matur, Olli Vapalahti, Tarja Sironen, Ibrahim Mehmet Ali Oktem
We report complete coding sequences of Orthohantavirus dobravaense (Dobrava virus) Igneada strains and phylogenetic characterization of all available complete coding sequences. Our analyses suggested separation of host-dependent lineages, followed by geographic clustering. Surveillance of orthohantaviruses using complete genomes would be useful for assessing public health threats from Dobrava virus
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Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Bailey Arruda, Amy L. Vincent Baker, Alexandra Buckley, Tavis K. Anderson, Mia Torchetti, Nichole Hines Bergeson, Mary Lea Killian, Kristina Lantz
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase
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Emergence of Poultry-Associated Human Salmonella enterica Serovar Abortusovis Infections, New South Wales, Australia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Michael Payne, Sarah Williamson, Qinning Wang, Xiaomei Zhang, Vitali Sintchenko, Anthony Pavic, Ruiting Lan
Salmonella enterica serovar Abortusovis is a host-adapted pathogen that causes spontaneous abortion. Salmonella Abortusovis was reported in poultry in 2009 and has since been reported in human infections in New South Wales, Australia. Phylogenomic analysis revealed a clade of 51 closely related isolates from Australia originating in 2004. That clade was genetically distinct from ovine-associated isolates