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Clade I–Associated Mpox Cases Associated with Sexual Contact, the Democratic Republic of the Congo Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Emile M. Kibungu, Emmanuel H. Vakaniaki, Eddy Kinganda-Lusamaki, Thierry Kalonji-Mukendi, Elisabeth Pukuta, Nicole A. Hoff, Isaac I. Bogoch, Muge Cevik, Gregg S. Gonsalves, Lisa E. Hensley, Nicola Low, Souradet Y. Shaw, Erin Schillberg, Mikayla Hunter, Lygie Lunyanga, Sylvie Linsuke, Joule Madinga, Martine Peeters, Jean-Claude Makangara Cigolo, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Anne W. Rimoin
We report a cluster of clade I monkeypox virus infections linked to sexual contact in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Case investigations resulted in 5 reverse transcription PCR–confirmed infections; genome sequencing suggest they belonged to the same transmission chain. This finding demonstrates that mpox transmission through sexual contact extends beyond clade IIb.
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Notice to Readers About the Cover Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 Byron Breedlove
About the Cover
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Invasive Nocardia Infections across Distinct Geographic Regions, United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Simran Gupta, Leah M. Grant, Harry R. Powers, Kathryn E. Kimes, Ahmed Hamdi, Richard J. Butterfield, Juan Gea-Banacloche, Prakhar Vijayvargiya, D. Jane Hata, Diana M. Meza Villegas, Adrian C. Dumitrascu, Dana M. Harris, Razvan M. Chirila, Nan Zhang, Raymund R. Razonable, Shimon Kusne, Salvador Alvarez, Holenarasipur R. Vikram
We reviewed invasive Nocardia infections in 3 noncontiguous geographic areas in the United States during 2011–2018. Among 268 patients with invasive nocardiosis, 48.2% were from Minnesota, 32.4% from Arizona, and 19.4% from Florida. Predominant species were N. nova complex in Minnesota (33.4%), N. cyriacigeorgica in Arizona (41.4%), and N. brasiliensis in Florida (17.3%). Transplant recipients accounted
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Autochthonous Dengue Fever in 2 Patients, Rome, Italy Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Serena Vita, Licia Bordi, Giuseppe Sberna, Priscilla Caputi, Daniele Lapa, Angela Corpolongo, Cosmina Mija, Alessandra D’Abramo, Fabrizio Maggi, Francesco Vairo, Eliana Specchiarello, Enrico Girardi, Eleonora Lalle, Emanuele Nicastri
Since August 2023, outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) infection have occurred in Italy. We report 2 autochthonous case-patients and their extended follow-up. Despite persistent DENV detected in blood by PCR, results for antigenomic DENV RNA were negative after day 5, suggesting that a 5-day isolation period is adequate to avoid secondary cases.
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Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis Caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Ethiopia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Adugna Abera, Tihitina Mamecha, Ebise Abose, Belachew Bokicho, Agune Ashole, Tesfahun Bishaw, Abinet Mariyo, Buzayehu Bogale, Haileyesus Terefe, Henok Tadese, Mahlet Belachew, Hailemariam Difabachew, Araya Eukubay, Solomon Kinde, Abraham Ali, Feyesa Regasa, Fikre Seife, Zeyede Kebede, Mesfin Wossen, Getachew Tollera, Mesay Hailu, Nigus Manaye, Nick van Reet, Gerardo Priotto, Johan van Griensven, Myrthe
We report 4 cases of human African trypanosomiasis that occurred in Ethiopia in 2022, thirty years after the last previously reported case in the country. Two of 4 patients died before medicine became available. We identified the infecting parasite as Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Those cases imply human African trypanosomiasis has reemerged.
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Autochthonous Dengue Outbreak, Paris Region, France, September–October 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Marta Zatta, Ségolène Brichler, William Vindrios, Giovanna Melica, Sébastien Gallien
We describe clinical and laboratory findings of 3 autochthonous cases of dengue in the Paris Region, France, during September–October 2023. Increasing trends in cases, global warming, and growth of international travel mean that such infections likely will increase during warm seasons in France, requiring stronger arbovirus surveillance networks.
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Detection of Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes by Molecular Surveillance, Kenya Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Eric O. Ochomo, Sylvia Milanoi, Bernard Abong’o, Brenda Onyango, Margaret Muchoki, Diana Omoke, Evelyn Olanga, Laban Njoroge, Elijah Omondi Juma, James Dan Otieno, Damaris Matoke-Muhia, Luna Kamau, Cristina Rafferty, John E. Gimnig, Mildred Shieshia, Daniel Wacira, Joseph Mwangangi, Marta Maia, Charles Chege, Ahmeddin Omar, Martin K. Rono, Lucy Abel, Wendy Prudhomme O’Meara, Andrew Obala, Charles Mbogo
The Anopheles stephensi mosquito is an invasive malaria vector recently reported in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, and Ghana. The World Health Organization has called on countries in Africa to increase surveillance efforts to detect and report this vector and institute appropriate and effective control mechanisms. In Kenya, the Division of National Malaria Program conducted entomological
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Risk Factors for Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Children in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Drew Capone, Toheedat Bakare, Troy Barker, Amy Hutson Chatham, Ryan Clark, Lauren Copperthwaite, Abeoseh Flemister, Riley Geason, Emery Hoos, Elizabeth Kim, Alka Manoj, Sam Pomper, Christina Samodal, Simrill Smith, Claudette Poole, Joe Brown
We collected stool from school-age children from 352 households living in the Black Belt region of Alabama, USA, where sanitation infrastructure is lacking. We used quantitative reverse transcription PCR to measure key pathogens in stool that may be associated with water and sanitation, as an indicator of exposure. We detected genes associated with >1 targets in 26% of specimens, most frequently Clostridioides
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Etymologia: Lacazia loboi Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 W. Clyde Partin
Lacazia loboi
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Human Taenia martis Neurocysticercosis, Switzerland Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Valentin K. Steinsiepe, Marie-Therese Ruf, Marco Rossi, Claudia Fricker-Feer, Danijela Kolenc, Brigitte Suter Buser, Maura Concu, Andreas Neumayr, Ulf C. Schneider
Neurocysticercosis is almost exclusively caused by Taenia solium tapeworms. We describe a case of neurocysticercosis in Switzerland caused by infection with Taenia martis, the marten tapeworm, and review all 5 published cases of human infection with the marten tapeworm. In epidemiologically nonplausible cases of neurocysticercosis, zoonotic spillover infections should be suspected.
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Tuberculosis in Lemurs and a Fossa at National Zoo, Madagascar, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Marni LaFleur, Hoby A. Rasoanaivo, Tojo H. Andrianarivo, Fanantenana Randria Andrianomanana, Stuart McKernan, Mamy Serge Raherison, Rakotoson Andrianantenaina, Michele Miller, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Simon Grandjean Lapierre, Paulo Ranaivomanana, Niaina Rakotosamimanana
We diagnosed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in captive lemurs and a fossa in Antananarivo, Madagascar. We noted clinical signs in the animals and found characteristic lesions during necropsy. The source of infection remains unknown. Our results illustrate the potential for reverse zoonotic infections and intraspecies transmission of tuberculosis in captive wildlife.
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Substantial Diversity in Cocirculating Omicron Lineages in Hospital Setting, Porto Alegre, Brazil Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Tiago F. Andreis, Vlademir V. Cantarelli, Marcelo B. da Silva, Mateus S. Helfer, Flávia R. Brust, Alexandre P. Zavascki
We describe substantial variant diversity among 23 detected SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage viruses cocirculating among healthcare workers and inpatients (272 sequenced samples) from Porto Alegre, Brazil, during November 2022–January 2023. BQ.1 and related lineages (61.4%) were most common, followed by BE.9 (19.1%), first described in November 2022 in the Amazon region.
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Novel Ozark Orthohantavirus in Hispid Cotton Rats (Sigmodon hispidus), Arkansas, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Nathaniel Mull, Mert Erdin, Teemu Smura, Tarja Sironen, Kristian M. Forbes
We report a novel orthohantavirus, putatively named Ozark orthohantavirus, in hispid cotton rats captured within the Ozark Plateau in Arkansas, USA. This virus phylogenetically clusters with other orthohantaviruses that cause severe human disease. Continued orthohantavirus surveillance and virus sequencing are needed to address the potential public health threat of this virus.
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Genome-Based Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes, Costa Rica Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 María Giralt-Zúñiga, Mauricio Redondo-Solano, Alexandra Moura, Nathalie Tessaud-Rita, Hélène Bracq-Dieye, Guillaume Vales, Pierre Thouvenot, Alexandre Leclercq, Carolina Chaves-Ulate, Kattia Núñez-Montero, Rossy Guillén-Watson, Olga Rivas-Solano, Grettel Chanto-Chacón, Francisco Duarte-Martínez, Vanessa Soto-Blanco, Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, Marc Lecuit
Genomic data on the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes from Central America are scarce. We analyzed 92 isolates collected during 2009–2019 from different regions in Costa Rica, compared those to publicly available genomes, and identified unrecognized outbreaks. Our findings suggest mandatory reporting of listeriosis in Costa Rica would improve pathogen surveillance.
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Zoonotic Marine Nematode Infection of Fish Products in Landlocked Country, Slovakia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Mikuláš Oros, Daniel Barčák, Daniela Antolová, Miroslava Fecková, Tomáš Scholz
Fish products in Slovakia have been heavily infected with Anisakis spp. larvae, which causes human anisakiasis. We found larvae in all tested samples of frozen Atlantic herring. Anisakid allergen t-Ani s7 testing revealed 2 positive cases in humans, signaling need for health authorities to closely monitor zoonotic marine parasites, even in inland areas.
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Surveillance for Soil-Transmitted Helminths in High-Risk County, Mississippi, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Richard S. Bradbury, Lora Martin, Lacy Malloch, Maygan Martin, John M. Williams, Kayla Patterson, Cameron Sanders, Gurbaksh Singh, Irene Arguello, Eduardo Rodriguez, Paul Byers, Lisa Haynie, Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Charlotte V. Hobbs
Recent reports of hookworm infection in Alabama, USA, has prompted surveillance in Mississippi, given the states’ similar environmental conditions. We collected stool specimens from 277 children in Rankin County, Mississippi. Kato–Katz microscopic smear, agar plate culture, and quantitative PCR indicated no soil-transmitted helminths. Nevertheless, further surveillance in other high-risk Mississippi
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Cost of Acute and Sequelae Care for Japanese Encephalitis Patients, Bangladesh, 2011–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Rebeca Sultana, Rose Slavkovsky, Md. Redowan Ullah, Zareen Tasnim, Sharmin Sultana, Shifat Khan, Tahmina Shirin, Shamsul Haque, Md. Tanvir Hossen, Md. Monjurul Islam, Jesmin Ara Khanom, Abrarul Haque, Arifa Nazneen, Nadia Ali Rimi, Kamal Hossain, Md. Tanbirul Islam, Shariful Hasan, Md. Shameem Yazdany, Md. Shamim Ahsan, Kamran Mehedi, Anthony A. Marfin, G. William Letson, Clint Pecenka, An Le Thanh
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is associated with an immense social and economic burden. Published cost-of-illness data come primarily from decades-old studies. To determine the cost of care for patients with acute JE and initial and long-term sequelae from the societal perspective, we recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed JE from the past 10 years of JE surveillance in Bangladesh and categorized
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) from Wild Birds, Poultry, and Mammals, Peru Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Cristopher D. Cruz, M. Eliana Icochea, Victoria Espejo, Gilda Troncos, Gina R. Castro-Sanguinetti, Megan A. Schilling, Yeny Tinoco
We identified highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b in wild birds, poultry, and a lion in Peru during November 2022–February 2023 and markers associated with transmission adaptation and antiviral drug resistance. Continuous genomic surveillance is needed to inform public health measures and avoid mass animal deaths.
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Fatal Human Neurologic Infection Caused by Pigeon Avian Paramyxovirus-1, Australia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Siobhan Hurley, John Sebastian Eden, John Bingham, Michael Rodriguez, Matthew J. Neave, Alexandra Johnson, Annaleise R. Howard-Jones, Jen Kok, Antoinette Anazodo, Brendan McMullan, David T. Williams, James Watson, Annalisa Solinas, Ki Wook Kim, William Rawlinson
Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) is a virus of birds that results in a range of outcomes, from asymptomatic infections to outbreaks of systemic respiratory and neurologic disease, depending on the virus strain and the avian species affected. Humans are rarely affected; those who are predominantly experience mild conjunctivitis. We report a fatal case of neurologic disease in a 2-year-old immunocompromised
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Elizabeth J. Elsmo, Arno Wünschmann, Kimberlee B. Beckmen, Liam E. Broughton-Neiswanger, Elizabeth L. Buckles, Jayne Ellis, Scott D. Fitzgerald, Robert Gerlach, Shawna Hawkins, Hon S. Ip, Julia S. Lankton, Erin M. Lemley, Julianna B. Lenoch, Mary L. Killian, Kristina Lantz, Lindsey Long, Roger Maes, Marta Mainenti, Julie Melotti, Megan E. Moriarty, Shotaro Nakagun, Rachel M. Ruden, Valerie Shearn-Bochsler
We describe the pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI A(H5N1) virus of Eurasian lineage Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in 67 wild terrestrial mammals throughout the United States during April 1‒July 21, 2022. Affected mammals include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 2 Virginia
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Cross-Sectional Study of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Claudette Poole, Troy Barker, Richard Bradbury, Drew Capone, Amy Hutson Chatham, Sukwan Handali, Eduardo Rodriguez, Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Joe Brown
We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) in areas of rural Alabama, USA, that have sanitation deficits. We enrolled 777 children; 704 submitted stool specimens and 227 a dried blood spot sample. We microscopically examined stool specimens from all 704 children by using Mini-FLOTAC for helminth eggs. We tested a subset by using molecular
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Molecular Detection and Characterization of Mycoplasma spp. in Marine Mammals, Brazil Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Aricia Duarte-Benvenuto, Carlos Sacristán, Ana Carolina Ewbank, Roberta Zamana-Ramblas, Henrique Christino Lial, Samira Costa Silva, Maria Alejandra Arias Lugo, Lara B. Keid, Caroline F. Pessi, José Rubens Sabbadini, Vanessa L. Ribeiro, Rodrigo del Rio do Valle, Carolina Pacheco Bertozzi, Adriana Castaldo Colosio, Hernani da Cunha Gomes Ramos, Angélica María Sánchez-Sarmiento, Raquel Beneton Ferioli
Mycoplasma spp. are wall-less bacteria able to infect mammals and are classified as hemotropic (hemoplasma) and nonhemotropic. In aquatic mammals, hemoplasma have been reported in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and river dolphins (Inia spp.). We investigated Mycoplasma spp. in blood samples of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus), pinnipeds (5 species), and marine cetaceans (18
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Work Attendance with Acute Respiratory Illness Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, 2018–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Faruque Ahmed, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Richard K. Zimmerman, Todd Bear, Carlos G. Grijalva, H. Keipp Talbot, Ana Florea, Sara Y. Tartof, Manjusha Gaglani, Michael Smith, Huong Q. McLean, Jennifer P. King, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, C. Hallie Phillips, Karen J. Wernli, Brendan Flannery, Jessie R. Chung, Amra Uzicanin
Both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus can be transmitted by asymptomatic, presymptomatic, or symptomatic infected persons. We assessed effects on work attendance while ill before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States by analyzing data collected prospectively from persons with acute respiratory illnesses enrolled in a multistate study during 2018–2022. Persons with previous hybrid work
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Systemic Erysipelas Outbreak among Free-Ranging Bottlenose Dolphins, San Diego, California, USA, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Kerri Danil, Kathleen M. Colegrove, Martha A. Delaney, Alexandria Mena, Nancy Stedman, Elyse Wurster
We diagnosed fatal Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae sepsis in 3 stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) during summer 2022, in San Diego, California, USA. The previously undetected disease in this relatively small, regional population of dolphins most likely indicates an environmental or biological change in the coastal ocean or organisms.
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OXA-48–Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 127, the Netherlands, 2015–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Marlies Mulder, Daan W. Notermans, Cornelia C.H. Wielders, Jeroen Bos, Sandra Witteveen, Varisha A. Ganesh, Fabian Landman, Angela de Haan, Caroline Schneeberger-van der Linden, Antoni P.A. Hendrickx
During 2015–2022, a genetic cluster of OXA-48–producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 127 spread throughout the Netherlands. The 20 isolates we investigated originated mainly from urine, belonged to Clermont phylotype B2, and carried 18 genes encoding putative uropathogenicity factors. The isolates were susceptible to first-choice antimicrobial drugs for urinary tract infections.
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seropositivity among Dromedary Camels, Algeria, 2020–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Khaled Azzedine Guidoum, Laura Carrera-Faja, Johan Espunyes, Lola Pailler-García, Bouabdellah Benallou, Sarra Bouabdelli, Mustapha Adnane Smadi, Lounis Semara, Oscar Cabezón, Sebastián Napp
Serosurvey results for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in dromedary camels in Algeria indicate that the pathogen is circulating endemically in desertic areas, despite the hostile environment. Thus, dromedaries are suitable sentinels for detecting human risk for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in desertic areas.
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Microfilaremic Dirofilaria repens Infection in Patient from Serbia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Suzana Tasić-Otasevic, Milan Golubović, Simone Trichei, Dragan Zdravkovic, Radojičić Jordan, Simona Gabrielli
We report a case of Dirofilaria repens infection causing microfilaremia in a patient from Serbia. Serum samples tested positive for D. repens IgG by ELISA. Our findings and those of others suggest the parasite's progressive adaptation to humans. Clinicians should be aware that microfilaremia can develop during Dirofilaria spp. infections.
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Neurotropic Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Red Foxes, Northern Germany Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Christine Baechlein, Sven Kleinschmidt, Dorothee Hartmann, Patricia Kammeyer, Anne Wöhlke, Tobias Warmann, Louise Herms, Bianca Kühl, Andreas Beineke, Peter Wohlsein, Timm Harder, Martin Runge
In a 1-year survey of wild terrestrial predators in northern Germany, we found that 5 of 110 foxes were infected with contemporary avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses, forming a temporal cluster during January‒March 2023. Encephalitis and strong cerebral virus replication but only sporadic mammalian-adaptive viral polymerase basic 2 protein E627K mutations were seen.
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Human Lobomycosis Caused by Paracoccidioides (Lacazia) loboi, Panama, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Jose A. Suárez, Betty Cerrud, Monica Pachar, Luz H. Patiño, Jason Reidy, Amina Chace, Roderick Chen-Camaño, Diógenes Alvarado-Barría, Mohammad Z. Nakadar, Juan D. Ramirez, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
We report a patient from Panama who had lobomycosis caused by Paracoccidioides (Lacazia) loboi. We used combined clinical-epidemiologic and phylogenetic data, including a new gene sequence dataset on this fungus in Panama, for analysis. Findings contribute useful insights to limited knowledge of this fungal infection in the Mesoamerican Biologic Corridor.
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Mass Mortality of Sea Lions Caused by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Víctor Gamarra-Toledo, Pablo I. Plaza, Roberto Gutiérrez, Giancarlo Inga-Diaz, Patricia Saravia-Guevara, Oliver Pereyra-Meza, Elver Coronado-Flores, Antonio Calderón-Cerrón, Gonzalo Quiroz-Jiménez, Paola Martinez, Deyvis Huamán-Mendoza, José C. Nieto-Navarrete, Sandra Ventura, Sergio A. Lambertucci
We report a massive mortality of 5,224 sea lions (Otaria flavescens) in Peru that seemed to be associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. The transmission pathway may have been through the close contact of sea lions with infected wild birds. We recommend evaluating potential virus transmission among sea lions.
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Naturally Acquired Rabies in White-Eared Opossum, Brazil Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Eduardo Ferreira-Machado, Juliana Amorim Conselheiro, Bruno Emerson Bernardes da Silva, Patricia Sayuri Silvestre Matsumoto, Claúdio Luiz Castagna, Aline Nitsche, Celino Simão de Lima, Douglas Presotto, Madelline Christie Rodrigues Nunes da Silva, Ticiana Brasil Ervedosa, Pedro Enrique Navas-Suárez, Ísis Paixão de Jesus, Julia de Carvalho, Rodrigo Albergaria Ressio, Cinthya dos Santos Cirqueira, Gisely
Opossums are considered resistant to rabies. Nonhematophagous bats are reservoirs of rabies in urban areas of South America. We analyzed bats and opossums tested for rabies during 2021 in a highly urbanized city in Brazil to understand spillover in an urban setting. Wildlife surveillance is necessary to prevent rabies in humans and domestic animals.
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Influenza Resurgence after Relaxation of Public Health and Social Measures, Hong Kong, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Weijia Xiong, Benjamin J. Cowling, Tim K. Tsang
Soon after a mask mandate was relaxed (March 1, 2023), the first post–COVID-19 influenza season in Hong Kong lasted 12 weeks. After other preventive measures were accounted for, mask wearing was associated with an estimated 25% reduction in influenza transmission. Influenza resurgence probably resulted from relaxation of mask mandates and other measures.
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Anthropogenic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Humans to Lions, Singapore, 2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Yin Cheong Aden Ip, Adrian Tan, Jasmine Ong, Charlene Judith Fernandez, Clara Lau, Wai Kwan Wong, Siow Foong Chang, Him Hoo Yap, Kenneth B.H. Er
In Singapore, 10 captive lions tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time PCR. Genomic analyses of nanopore sequencing confirmed human-to-animal transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. Viral genomes from the lions and zookeeper shared a unique spike protein substitution, S:A1016V. Widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission among humans can increase the likelihood of anthroponosis.
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SARS-CoV-2 Variants BQ.1 and XBB.1.5 in Wastewater of Aircraft Flying from China to Denmark, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Amanda Gammelby Qvesel, Marc Bennedbæk, Nicolai Balle Larsen, Vithiagaran Gunalan, Lene Wulff Krogsgaard, Morten Rasmussen, Lasse Dam Rasmussen
We analyzed wastewater samples from 14 aircraft arriving in Denmark directly from China during January 9–February 12, 2023. Wastewater from 11 aircraft was SARS-CoV-2–positive by PCR; 6 predominantly contained BQ.1 and XBB.1 subvariants. Wastewater-based surveillance can contribute to public health monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging infectious agents.
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus–Induced Mass Death of Wild Birds, Caspian Sea, Russia, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Ivan Sobolev, Alimurad Gadzhiev, Kirill Sharshov, Olesia Ohlopkova, Kristina Stolbunova, Artem Fadeev, Nikita Dubovitskiy, Alexandra Glushchenko, Victor Irza, Maxim Perkovsky, Kirill Litvinov, Natalia Meshcheriakova, Guy Petherbridge, Alexander Shestopalov
In May 2022, we observed a substantial die-off of wild migratory waterbirds on Maliy Zhemchuzhniy Island in the Caspian Sea, Russia. The deaths were caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4.b virus. Continued surveillance of influenza viruses in wild bird populations is needed to predict virus spread over long distances.
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A Turbulent Cloud, a Viral Menace Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Byron Breedlove
About the Cover
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Genetic Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections, Spain, 2021–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Camille Jacqueline, Guillermo Ruiz Carrascoso, José Gutiérrez-Fernández, Teresa Vicente Rangel, Lidia Goterris, Fernando Vazquez Valdes, Domingo Fernández Vecilla, Matilde Elía López, Maria Rocío Martinez Ruiz, Carmen Aspiroz Sancho, Ramón Perez Tanoira, Elia Sirvent Quílez, Alba de la Rica Martínez, Nieves Gonzalo Jiménez, Cristina García Salguero, Eva González Barbera, Maria Reyes Sánchez Florez
In 2022, the United Kingdom reported an increase in drug resistance in Shigella sonnei isolates. We report 33 cases in Spain genetically related to the UK cases and 4 cases with similar antimicrobial resistance profiles infected with genetically distant strains. Our results suggest circulation of multiple genetic clusters of multidrug-resistant S. sonnei in Spain.
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Scedosporium Infection in Recipients of Kidney Transplants from Deceased Near-Drowning Donor Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Devprakash Choudhary, Harsimran Kaur, Vanji Nathan Subramani, Smita Pattanaik, Shiva Kumar S. Patil, Jasmine Sethi, Manharpreet Kaur, Priya Sreenivasan, Sheetal Thakur, Parul Gupta, Arvind Sekar, Sarbpreet Singh, Muralidharan Jayashree, Deepesh Kenwar, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Ashish Sharma
Scedosporium aurianticum infection developed in 2 recipients of kidney transplants in India, acquired from the same deceased near-drowning donor. Given the substantial risk for death associated with Scedosporium infection among solid-organ transplant recipients, safety protocols for organ transplantation from nearly drowned donors should be thoroughly revaluated and refined.
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Domestically Acquired NDM-1–Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Southern California, USA, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Hannah K. Gray, Omer E. Beaird, Ethan A. Smith, Joanna M. Schaenman, Shangxin Yang
We describe a case of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1–producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) in a transplant patient with multiple hospitalizations in California, USA. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the isolate was genetically distinctive, despite ≈95% similarity to other global strains. The patient’s lack of international travel suggests this CRPA was acquired domestically
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Genetic Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections, Spain, 2021–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Camille Jacqueline, Guillermo Ruiz Carrascoso, José Gutiérrez-Fernández, Teresa Vicente Rangel, Lidia Goterris, Fernando Vazquez Valdes, Domingo Fernández Vecilla, Matilde Elía López, Maria Rocío Martinez Ruiz, Carmen Aspiroz Sancho, Ramón Perez Tanoira, Elia Sirvent Quílez, Alba de la Rica Martínez, Nieves Gonzalo Jiménez, Cristina García Salguero, Eva González Barbera, Maria Reyes Sánchez Florez
In 2022, the United Kingdom reported an increase in drug resistance in Shigella sonnei isolates. We report 33 cases in Spain genetically related to the UK cases and 4 cases with similar antimicrobial resistance profiles infected with genetically distant strains. Our results suggest circulation of multiple genetic clusters of multidrug-resistant S. sonnei in Spain.
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Deaths Attributable to Antimicrobial Resistance, Latin America Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Agustín Ciapponi, Ariel Bardach, María Macarena Sandoval, María Carolina Palermo, Emiliano Navarro, Carlos Espinal, Rodolfo Quirós
Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global health concern, leading to 4.95 million deaths in 2019. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the lethality attributed to infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in Latin America and the Caribbean. A comprehensive search of major databases retrieved relevant studies from 2000–2022. We included 54 observational studies
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SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Risk in Persons with HIV, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2020–2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Richard A. Teran, Alexandra Gagner, Stephanie Gretsch, Jeff Lauritsen, Daniel Galanto, Kelly Walblay, Peter Ruestow, Colin Korban, Massimo Pacilli, David Kern, Stephanie R. Black, Irina Tabidze
Understanding if persons with HIV (PWH) have a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection may help tailor future COVID-19 public health guidance. To determine whether HIV infection was associated with increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, we followed adult residents of Chicago, Illinois, USA, with SARS-CoV-2 longitudinally from their first reported infection through May 31, 2022. We matched SARS-CoV-2
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Human Salmonellosis Outbreak Linked to Salmonella Typhimurium Epidemic in Wild Songbirds, United States, 2020–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Kane Patel, G. Sean Stapleton, Rosalie T. Trevejo, Waimon T. Tellier, Jeffrey Higa, Jennifer K. Adams, Sonia M. Hernandez, Susan Sanchez, Nicole M. Nemeth, Emilio E. Debess, Krysta H. Rogers, Aslı Mete, Katherine D. Watson, Leslie Foss, Mabel S.F. Low, Lauren Gollarza, Megin Nichols
Salmonella infection causes epidemic death in wild songbirds, with potential to spread to humans. In February 2021, public health officials in Oregon and Washington, USA, isolated a strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from humans and a wild songbird. Investigation by public health partners ultimately identified 30 illnesses in 12 states linked to an epidemic of Salmonella Typhimurium
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Treatment of Mpox with Suspected Tecovirimat Resistance in Immunocompromised Patient, United States, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Caitlin A. Contag, Leah Mische, Isabel Fong, Abraar Karan, Akanksha Vaidya, David W. McCormick, William Bower, Jill K. Hacker, Kelly Johnson, Perla SanJuan, Linda Crebbin, Caroline Temmins, Harleen Sahni, Yael Bogler, Joseph D. Cooper, Supriya Narasimhan
Reports of tecovirimat-resistant mpox have emerged after widespread use of antiviral therapy during the 2022 mpox outbreak. Optimal management of patients with persistent infection with or without suspected resistance is yet to be established. We report a successfully treated case of severe mpox in California, USA, that had suspected tecovirimat resistance.
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Tecovirimat Resistance in Mpox Patients, United States, 2022–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Todd G. Smith, Crystal M. Gigante, Nhien T. Wynn, Audrey Matheny, Whitni Davidson, Yong Yang, Rene Edgar Condori, Kyle O’Connell, Lynsey Kovar, Tracie L. Williams, Yon C. Yu, Brett W. Petersen, Nicolle Baird, David Lowe, Yu Li, Panayampalli S. Satheshkumar, Christina L. Hutson
During the 2022 multinational outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection, the antiviral drug tecovirimat (TPOXX; SIGA Technologies, Inc., https://www.siga.com) was deployed in the United States on a large scale for the first time. The MPXV F13L gene homologue encodes the target of tecovirimat, and single amino acid changes in F13 are known to cause resistance to tecovirimat. Genomic sequencing identified
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Viruses: A Natural History Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Stephen S. Morse
Books and Media
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Refractory Microascus Bronchopulmonary Infection Treated with Olorofim, France Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Emmanuel Faure, Olivier Brugière, Sylvie Colin de Verdiere, Fanny Vuotto, Lucie Limousin, Emilie Cardot, Camille Cordier, Pauline Coulon, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Olivier Lortholary, Fanny Lanternier
We report 3 cases of successful treatment of Microascus spp. bronchopulmonary infection in a multiple-traumatized patient and 2 lung transplant recipients in France. We emphasize the promising use of olorofim antifungal therapy in a rising context of intrinsically less-susceptible respiratory infections caused by mold.
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Outbreak of Pandoraea commovens among Non–Cystic Fibrosis Intensive Care Patients, Germany, 2019–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Tassilo Kruis, Peter Menzel, Rolf Schwarzer, Solveigh Wiesener, Felix Schoenrath, Frank Klefisch, Miriam Stegemann, Frieder Pfäfflin
Pandoraea spp. are gram-negative, nonfermenting rods mainly known to infect patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Outbreaks have been reported from several CF centers. We report a Pandoraea spp. outbreak comprising 24 non-CF patients at a large university hospital and a neighboring heart center in Germany during July 2019–December 2021. Common features in the patients were critical illness, invasive
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Detection of Novel US Neisseria meningitidis Urethritis Clade Subtypes in Japan Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Hideyuki Takahashi, Masatomo Morita, Mitsuru Yasuda, Yuki Ohama, Yoshitomo Kobori, Munekado Kojima, Ken Shimuta, Yukihiro Akeda, Makoto Ohnishi
Neisseria meningitidis causes invasive meningococcal diseases and has also been identified as a causative agent of sexually transmitted infections, including urethritis. Unencapsulated sequence type 11 meningococci containing the gonococcal aniA-norB locus and belonging to the United States N. meningitidis urethritis clade (US_NmUC) are causative agents of urethral infections in the United States,
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Campylobacter fetus Invasive Infections and Risks for Death, France, 2000–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Souheil Zayet, Timothée Klopfenstein, Vincent Gendrin, Jean-baptiste Vuillemenot, Julie Plantin, Lynda Toko, Nour Sreiri, Pierre-Yves Royer
Campylobacter fetus accounts for 1% of Campylobacter spp. infections, but prevalence of bacteremia and risk for death are high. To determine clinical features of C. fetus infections and risks for death, we conducted a retrospective observational study of all adult inpatients with a confirmed C. fetus infection in Nord Franche-Comté Hospital, Trevenans, France, during January 2000–December 2021. Among
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Investigation of Possible Link Between Interferon-α and Lyme Disease Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Armin Alaedini, Mary K. Crow, Brian A. Fallon, Elzbieta Jacek, Gary P. Wormser
Investigation of Possible Link Between Interferon-α and Lyme Disease
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Tuberculosis Variant with Rifampin Resistance Undetectable by Xpert MTB/RIF, Botswana Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Chawangwa Modongo, Ivan Barilar, Qiao Wang, Tuduetso Molefi, Topo Makhondo, Stefan Niemann, Sanghyuk S. Shin
GeneXpert MTB/RIF, a tool widely used for diagnosing tuberculosis, has limitations for detecting rifampin resistance in certain variants. We report transmission of a pre–extensively drug-resistant variant in Botswana that went undetected by GeneXpert. The public health impact of misdiagnosis emphasizes the need for comprehensive molecular testing to identify resistance and guide treatment.
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Trends of Enterovirus D68 Concentrations in Wastewater, California, USA, February 2021–April 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Alexandria B. Boehm, Debra A. Wadford, Bridgette Hughes, Dorothea Duong, Alice Chen, Tasha Padilla, Chelsea Wright, Lisa Moua, Teal Bullick, Maria Salas, Christina Morales, Bradley J. White, Carol A. Glaser, Duc J. Vugia, Alexander T. Yu, Marlene K. Wolfe
In this retrospective study, we measured enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) genomic RNA in wastewater solids longitudinally at 2 California, USA, wastewater treatment plants twice per week for 26 months. EV-D68 RNA was undetectable except when concentrations increased from mid-July to mid-December 2022, which coincided with a peak in confirmed EV-D68 cases.
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Hepatitis C Virus Elimination Program among Prison Inmates, Israel Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Lihi Eisen, Zohar Mor, Miriam Madar, Ron Rabinovitch, Yuval Dadon, Rivka Sheffer, Ehud Kaliner, Liav Goldstein
The Israeli Prison Services implemented a hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination program in 2020. Inmates considered high risk for HCV were offered serology; HCV-seropositive participants were offered HCV RNA testing. Among participants, 7.0% had detectable HCV RNA and were offered antiviral drug therapy. This program reduced HCV burden among incarcerated persons.
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Risk Factors for Recent HIV Infections among Adults in 14 Countries in Africa Identified by Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys, 2015–2019 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Dustin W. Currie, Christine A. West, Hetal K. Patel, Jennifer Favaloro, Mugyenyi Asiimwe, Felix Ndagije, Rachel Silver, Owen Mugurungi, Judith Shang, Clement B. Ndongmo, Daniel B. Williams, Edington Dzinotyiweyi, Anthony Waruru, Munyaradzi Pasipamire, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Sindisiwe Dlamini, Natasha McLeod, Eugenie Kayirangwa, Gallican Rwibasira, Peter A. Minchella, Andrew F. Auld, Rose Nyirenda
Identifying persons who have newly acquired HIV infections is critical for characterizing the HIV epidemic direction. We analyzed pooled data from nationally representative Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment surveys conducted across 14 countries in Africa for recent infection risk factors. We included adults 15–49 years of age who had sex during the previous year and used a recent infection testing
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Duration of Enterovirus D68 RNA Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract and Transmission among Household Contacts, Colorado, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Hai Nguyen-Tran, Careese Thompson, Molly Butler, Kristen R. Miller, Laura Pyle, Sarah Jung, Shannon Rogers, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Janell Routh, Samuel R. Dominguez, Kevin Messacar
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes cyclical outbreaks of respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis. EV-D68 is primarily transmitted through the respiratory route, but the duration of shedding in the respiratory tract is unknown. We prospectively enrolled 9 hospitalized children with EV-D68 respiratory infection and 16 household contacts to determine EV-D68 RNA shedding dynamics in the upper respiratory
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Clinical Manifestations and Genomic Evaluation of Melioidosis Outbreak among Children after Sporting Event, Australia Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Simon Smith, Tonia Marquardt, Amy V. Jennison, Andrew D’Addona, James Stewart, Trent Yarwood, Jennifer Ho, Enzo Binotto, Julian Harris, Mark Fahmy, Juliet Esmonde, Megan Richardson, Rikki M.A. Graham, Richard Gair, Lawrence Ariotti, Annie Preston-Thomas, Sally Rubenach, Siobhan O’Sullivan, Darren Allen, Thomas Ragh, Sachjuan Grayson, Sophie Manoy, Jeffery M. Warner, Ella M. Meumann, Jennifer M. Robson
Melioidosis, caused by the environmental gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, usually develops in adults with predisposing conditions in Australia and more commonly occurs during the monsoonal wet season. We report an outbreak of 7 cases of melioidosis in immunocompetent children in Australia. All the children had participated in a single-day sporting event during the dry season in a
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Group A Streptococcus Primary Peritonitis in Children, New Zealand Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Amanda Taylor, Brodie M. Elliott, John Atkinson, Sally Roberts, Lesley Voss, Emma J. Best, Rachel Webb
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) primary peritonitis is a rare cause of pediatric acute abdomen (sudden onset of severe abdominal pain); only 26 pediatric cases have been reported in the English language literature since 1980. We discuss 20 additional cases of pediatric primary peritonitis caused by GAS among patients at Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, during 2010–2022. We compare identified
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Case of Carbapenem-Resistant Salmonella Typhi Infection, Pakistan, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 11.8) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Summiya Nizamuddin, Ejaz Ahmed Khan, Marie Anne Chattaway, Gauri Godbole
Salmonella Typhi infection in a patient in Pakistan initially responded to standard treatment but failed to respond to subsequent treatment. The first strain was susceptible to carbapenems and azithromycin; subsequent strains harbored the NDM-5 gene. Treatment with combination intravenous meropenem and colistin was successful. Carbapenem-resistant Salmonella Typhi emergence will hinder treatment.