Dementia is an emergent health priority for Indigenous peoples worldwide, yet little is known about disease drivers and protective factors.

Studies suggest distinct differences in the development, presentation, progression, and response to treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) between females and males. We investigated sex differences in cognition, neuroimaging, and fluid biomarkers in dominantly inherited AD (DIAD).

The National Institute on Aging – Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) ATN research framework proposes to use biomarkers for amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) to stage individuals with AD pathological features and track changes longitudinally. The overall aim was to utilize this framework to characterize pre-mortem ATN status longitudinally in a clinically diagnosed cohort of dementia with

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with cognitive decline and progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. It remains unclear if sex differences influence WMH progression or the relationship between WMH and cognition.

The secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) gene expressed by CD11c+ cells is known to be associated with microglia activation and neuroinflammatory diseases. As most studies rely on mouse models, we investigated these genes and proteins in the cortical brain tissue of older adults and their role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders.

This study examined the relationship between blood-brain-barrier permeability (BBBp), measured by cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio (QAlb), and cognitive decline progression in a clinical cohort.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia1 and is characterized by the deposition of amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which are thought to initiate a cascade leading to progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved lecanemab after it was demonstrated to slow cognitive decline in

There is evidence that health care utilization increases after incident dementia, particularly after dementia diagnosis and toward the end of life; however, less is known about utilization in the years before dementia identification.

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) aims to improve Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. Since 2006, ADNI has shared clinical, neuroimaging, and cognitive data, and biofluid samples. We used conventional search methods to identify 1459 publications from 2021 to 2022 using ADNI data/samples and reviewed 291 impactful studies. This review details how ADNI studies improved disease

In this Perspective article, we highlight current research to illustrate the intersection of social determinants of health (SDOHs) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) caregiving. We then outline how public health can support ADRD family caregivers in the United States. Emerging research suggests that family care for persons with ADRD is influenced by SDOHs. Public health actions that

Many people with cognitive complaints or impairment never receive an accurate diagnosis of the underlying condition, potentially impacting their access to appropriate treatment. To address this unmet need, plasma biomarker tests are being developed for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma biomarker tests span various stages of development, including in vitro diagnostic devices (or tests) (IVDs)

Post-operative delirium (POD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality but is bereft of treatments, largely due to our limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. We hypothesized that delirium reflects a disturbance in cortical connectivity that leads to altered predictions of the sensory environment.

Anesthesia often exacerbates memory recall difficulties in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

We studied how biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis mediate the pathogenic cascade in the earliest Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages.

We aimed to describe baseline amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau-positron emission tomograrphy (PET) from Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS), a prospective multi-site observational study of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).

We aimed to identify profiles of modifiable, late-life lifestyle health behaviors related to subsequent maintenance of cognition and explore sociodemographics and health characteristics as effect modifiers.

Capillary dysfunction, characterized by disturbances in capillary blood flow distribution, might be an overlooked factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated microvascular blood flow in preclinical and prodromal AD individuals.

The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incident dementia remains inconclusive.

Alzheimer's disease studies often lack ethnic diversity.

Biomarkers remain mostly unavailable for non-Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes (non-ADNC) such as transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy, Lewy body disease (LBD), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).

Impaired cognition and instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) are key diagnostic features of dementia; however, few studies have compared trajectories of cognition and iADL.

To establish a normative range of MemTrax (MTx) metrics in the Chinese population.

With the increase in large multimodal cohorts and high-throughput technologies, the potential for discovering novel biomarkers is no longer limited by data set size. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning approaches have been developed to detect novel biomarkers and interactions in complex data sets. We discuss exemplar uses and evaluate current applications and limitations of AI to discover

The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is a useful neuropsychological test for describing episodic memory impairment in dementia. However, there is limited research on its utility in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). We assess the influence of amyloid and diagnostic syndrome on several memory scores in EOAD.

Almost all individuals with Down syndrome (DS) will develop neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding AD biomarker trajectories is necessary for DS-specific clinical interventions and interpretation of drug-related changes in the disease trajectory.

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic cause of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association AT(N) Research Framework is a staging model for AD biomarkers but has not been assessed in DS.

We investigated how the associations between tau and cognitive measures differ by sex in the preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) stage.

Accumulating evidence indicates disproportionate tau burden and tau-related clinical progression in females. However, sex differences in plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)217 prediction of subclinical cognitive and brain changes are unknown.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) approaches are increasingly being used in dementia research. However, several methodological challenges exist that may limit the insights we can obtain from high-dimensional data and our ability to translate these findings into improved patient outcomes. To improve reproducibility and replicability, researchers should make their well-documented

Despite their increased application, the heritability of Alzheimer's disease (AD)–related blood-based biomarkers remains unexplored.

Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulation, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), can also be found in the retina. However, it is uncertain whether it is linked to AD or another tauopathy.

There is no consensus on either the definition of successful cognitive aging (SA) or the underlying neural mechanisms.

Memory-associated neural circuits produce oscillatory events including theta bursts (TBs), sleep spindles (SPs), and slow waves (SWs) in sleep electroencephalography (EEG). Changes in the “coupling” of these events may indicate early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.

The retina may provide non-invasive, scalable biomarkers for monitoring cerebral neurodegeneration.

Genetics and omics studies of Alzheimer's disease and other dementia subtypes enhance our understanding of underlying mechanisms and pathways that can be targeted. We identified key remaining challenges: First, can we enhance genetic studies to address missing heritability? Can we identify reproducible omics signatures that differentiate between dementia subtypes? Can high-dimensional omics data identify

The AAIC 2022 abstract by Weber DM, Kim JC, Goldman S, et al. A new LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in plasma: Validation and clinical performance. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18(S6):E064182. doi:10.1002/alz.064182, contains an error. Sensitivity and specificity estimates were inadvertently switched. The text in the results section should read: “At the Aβ42/40 cut-point of 0.160

Olfactory decline is associated with cognitive decline in aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and amnestic dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathology (ADd). The National Institutes of Health Toolbox Odor Identification Test (NIHTB-OIT) may distinguish between these clinical categories.

Family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have significant responsibilities within health care. They may identify relevant clinical trials and support decision-making about their relative's participation. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate the responsibilities of caregivers related to their relative's participation in ADRD clinical trials and

Research-oriented autopsy cohorts provide critical insights into dementia pathobiology. However, different studies sometimes report disparate findings, partially because each study has its own recruitment biases. We hypothesized that a straightforward metric, related to the percentage of research volunteers cognitively normal at recruitment, would predict other inter-cohort differences.

As the number of older intensive care unit (ICU) survivors grows, there is an urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors for post-ICU dementia.

Dear Editor, The prevalence of depression ranges from 19% to 78% in dementia, and apathy and depression are the most frequent behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD).1 Antidepressant annual prescription prevalence among AD patients is ≈ 28%.2They are approved in depressive and anxiety disorders and are an effective treatment for mood and anxiety disorders

Drug discovery and clinical trial design for dementia have historically been challenging. In part these challenges have arisen from patient heterogeneity, length of disease course, and the tractability of a target for the brain. Applying big data analytics and machine learning tools for drug discovery and utilizing them to inform successful clinical trial design has the potential to accelerate progress

Recent advancements in the artificial intelligence (AI) domain have revolutionized the early detection of cognitive impairments associated with dementia. This has motivated clinicians to use AI-powered dementia detection systems, particularly systems developed based on individuals' and patients' speech and language, for a quick and accurate identification of patients with dementia. This paper reviews

The number of cases of dementia attributable to physical inactivity remains unclear due to heterogeneity in physical inactivity definitions and statistical approaches used.

Multiple infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk by independent lines of evidence. We explored this association by comparing the frequencies of viral species identified in a large sample of AD cases and controls.

Vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shown conflicting findings particularly when analyzing longitudinal data. We introduce white matter hyperintensity (WMH) longitudinal morphometric analysis (WLMA) that quantifies WMH expansion as the distance from lesion voxels to a region of interest boundary.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and neuroimaging offer new opportunities for diagnosis and prognosis of dementia.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) are leading causes of death among older adults in the United States. Efforts to understand risk factors for prevention are needed.

Our previously developed blood-based transcriptional risk scores (TRS) showed associations with diagnosis and neuroimaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we developed brain-based TRS.

Tau and neurodegeneration strongly correlate with cognitive impairment, as compared to amyloid. However, their contribution in explaining cognition and predicting cognitive decline in memory clinics remains unclarified.

Our main objective was to investigate whether retinal neurodegeneration, estimated from lower thickness of inner retinal layers, was associated with incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Among older adults, total and hospitalized infection may be associated with incidence of all-cause and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementias, with variation by cardiovascular health (CVH).

Here we set out to create a symptom-led staging system for the canonical semantic and non-fluent/agrammatic variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), which present unique diagnostic and management challenges not well captured by functional scales developed for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a common and heterogeneous condition, clinically and pathophysiologically, that still lacks approved treatment.

Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers have been recently proposed to represent brain amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Here, we evaluated the plasma biomarkers' contribution beyond the information provided by demographics (age and sex) to identify Aβ and tau pathologies in individuals segregated as cognitively unimpaired (CU) and impaired (CI).

Neuronal health as a potential underlying mechanism of the beneficial effects of exercise has been understudied in humans. Furthermore, there has been limited consideration of potential moderators (e.g., cardiovascular health) on the effects of exercise.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) with cognitive outcomes, including incident Alzheimer's dementia, rate of cognitive decline, and measures of brain injury and structure.

Dementia cases are expected to rise to 81.1 million in 2040. Efforts are underway to develop diagnostic methods to facilitate early detection of the disease. Herein we review research findings focusing on pragmatic dysfunction in patients with dementia and evaluate the usefulness of assessing dementia and its progress with a battery of tests assessing figurative language skills.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases. Whether it is related to cognitive impairment and pathological markers is unknown.

Delirium, a common syndrome with heterogeneous etiologies and clinical presentations, is associated with poor long-term outcomes. Recording and analyzing all delirium equally could be hindering the field's understanding of pathophysiology and identification of targeted treatments. Current delirium subtyping methods reflect clinically evident features but likely do not account for underlying biology