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Neurological care for LGBT+ people Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Salvatore Giovanni Volpe, Joya Ahmad, Roshni Abee Patel, Nicole Rosendale
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Towards the era of biological biomarkers for Parkinson disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Nobutaka Hattori
Since its instigation in cancer research in the 1930s, the disease-staging concept has become a crucial tool in clinical research and medical practice. Two new papers have proposed biological staging and classification systems based on α-synuclein pathology for Parkinson disease and related conditions.
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Metabolic changes in status epilepticus Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ian Fyfe
Status epilepticus is associated with changes in metabolic pathways, a new study has shown.
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α-Synuclein seeds in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ian Fyfe
New evidence that α-synuclein can contribute to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has come from analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.
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Marker provides 10-year warning of dementia Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ian Fyfe
Changes in plasma levels of specific proteins could predict the development of dementia more than 10 years before clinical diagnosis.
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Parkinson disease pathology in inflammatory bowel disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Heather Wood
A new study has found evidence of α-synuclein aggregates — a key pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease — in the gut and brain in people and animals with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Mitochondrial DNA marks multiple sclerosis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ian Fyfe
Mitochondrial DNA has been identified as a potential biomarker of multiple sclerosis disease activity and treatment response.
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Biomarker-based staging of Alzheimer disease: rationale and clinical applications Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Joseph Therriault, Suzanne E. Schindler, Gemma Salvadó, Tharick A. Pascoal, Andréa Lessa Benedet, Nicholas J. Ashton, Thomas K. Karikari, Liana Apostolova, Melissa E. Murray, Inge Verberk, Jacob W. Vogel, Renaud La Joie, Serge Gauthier, Charlotte Teunissen, Gil D. Rabinovici, Henrik Zetterberg, Randall J. Bateman, Philip Scheltens, Kaj Blennow, Reisa Sperling, Oskar Hansson, Clifford R. Jack, Pedro
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Is Alzheimer disease a disease? Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Amos D. Korczyn, Lea T. Grinberg
Dementia, a prevalent condition among older individuals, has profound societal implications. Extensive research has resulted in no cure for what is perceived as the most common dementing illness: Alzheimer disease (AD). AD is defined by specific brain abnormalities — amyloid-β plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles — that are proposed to actively influence the neurodegenerative process. However
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Building an ethnically and racially diverse neurology workforce Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Roy H. Hamilton
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Ultrasound and antibodies — a potentially powerful combination for Alzheimer disease therapy Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Jürgen Götz, Pranesh Padmanabhan
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Epilepsy and epileptiform activity in late-onset Alzheimer disease: clinical and pathophysiological advances, gaps and conundrums Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Anita Kamondi, Madeleine Grigg-Damberger, Wolfgang Löscher, Heikki Tanila, Andras Attila Horvath
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Mitochondrial DNA instability in Huntington disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Lisa Kiani
A study using ultra-deep mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing has revealed an accumulation of mutations that affect oxidative phosphorylation in Huntington disease. The findings indicate that high levels of mutant huntingtin protein fragments result in increased mitochondrial fission and aberrant mitophagy, leading to a destabilization of mtDNA. The researchers suggest that enhancing mitochondrial
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Neurosteroids alleviate seizures in rats Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Lisa Kiani
Treatment with trilostane, a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce the number of spontaneous seizures in the kainic-acid rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Measurement of neurosteroid levels in the neocortex and hippocampus following the treatment showed large increases among various neurosteroids, including allopregnanolone, pregnenolone and progesterone. The results
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Regional vulnerability to Aβ and tau pathology Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Lisa Kiani
The vulnerability of specific brain regions to Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology is associated with expression profiles of AD susceptibility genes, according to new research. To characterize regional vulnerability, Yu et al. compared tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) PET imaging data from people with cognitive impairment, including AD and mild cognitive impairment, and cognitively unimpaired individuals. Transcriptomic
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T cells implicate Epstein–Barr virus in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Ian Fyfe
T cells that are specific for B cells infected with Epstein–Barr virus are enriched in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with early multiple sclerosis, according to new research.
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TREM2 mediates phagocytosis in glioblastoma Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Lisa Kiani
A new study indicates that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an important phagocytic immunomodulator in mouse and human gliomas. TREM2 was found to regulate phagocytosis via the spleen tyrosine kinase pathway and, unlike in other cancers, TREM2 expression was not associated with immunosuppressive pathways. TREM2+ myeloid cells showed increased tumour uptake compared with TREM2–
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New developments in guidelines for brain death/death by neurological criteria Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 David M. Greer, Ariane Lewis, Matthew P. Kirschen
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Navigating complexities of racial disparities in Alzheimer disease biomarkers Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Maria C. Carrillo, Simin Mahinrad
An analysis based on datasets from four studies of memory and ageing reveals differences in the relationship of cognition with cerebrospinal fluid, but not imaging, biomarkers for Alzheimer disease between self-identified Black and White participants. These findings highlight the importance of precision medicine to address Alzheimer disease disparities across diverse populations. A study now reveals
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Addressing disparities in the global epidemiology of stroke Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Morgan L. Prust, Rachel Forman, Bruce Ovbiagele
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Forensic neurology: a distinct subspecialty at the intersection of neurology, neuroscience and law Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 R. Ryan Darby, Ciaran Considine, Robert Weinstock, William C. Darby
Neurological evidence is increasingly used in criminal cases to argue that a defendant is less responsible for their behaviour, is not competent to stand trial or should receive a reduced punishment for the crime. Unfortunately, neurologists are rarely involved in such cases despite having the expertise to help to inform these decisions in court. In this Perspective, we advocate for the development
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Parkinson disease psychosis: from phenomenology to neurobiological mechanisms Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-15 Javier Pagonabarraga, Helena Bejr-Kasem, Saul Martinez-Horta, Jaime Kulisevsky
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Post-COVID dysautonomias: what we know and (mainly) what we don’t know Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 David S. Goldstein
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Inflammasomes in neurological disorders — mechanisms and therapeutic potential Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Kishore Aravind Ravichandran, Michael T. Heneka
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Myasthenia gravis: the changing treatment landscape in the era of molecular therapies Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Raffaele Iorio
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Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics in rare movement disorders Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Michael Zech, Juliane Winkelmann
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White matter astrocyte degeneration in FXTAS Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Heather Wood
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene. A study published in Annals of Neurology has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of FXTAS by demonstrating prominent astrocyte degeneration in the white matter in individuals with the condition. The authors speculate that loss of these astrocytes
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GluA2 modulator targets excitotoxicity in MS Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Heather Wood
A small molecule that binds to the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 has been shown to reduce glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and provide neuroprotection in mouse models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Zhai et al. used a machine learning approach to identify small molecules that targeted an allosteric binding site within GluA2 and could modulate the receptor without abolishing glutamate signalling. One such
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Glyphosate and neurotoxicity — a call for scientific renewal Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Bastiaan R. Bloem, Tjitske A. Boonstra, Alexis Elbaz, Roel C. H. Vermeulen
Glyphosate, a controversial herbicide, has been approved for use in the European Union for another 10 years despite uncertainty over whether it increases the risk of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease. We call for new approaches to assessing the neurotoxicity of glyphosate and other pesticides and improving their regulation.
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Gene therapy for seizures in focal cortical dysplasia Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Lisa Kiani
A new study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of potassium channel gene therapy to treat epilepsy in focal cortical dysplasia.
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Tau aids selection of anti-amyloid drug recipients Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Heather Wood
Owing to the high costs, potential risks and modest efficacy of anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer disease, the ability to identify people who will derive the greatest benefit from these drugs is vital. A study published in JAMA Neurology has found that plasma p-tau217 measurements can be used to assess both the likelihood of amyloid-β pathology and the severity of tau pathology. These measurements
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Extracellular vesicle α-synuclein marks PD risk Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Heather Wood
Elevated levels of α-synuclein in neuronally derived extracellular vesicles (L1EVs) can predict Parkinson disease (PD) risk, according to new research. Electrochemiluminescence was used to measure α-synuclein in serum L1EVs from 365 individuals deemed at risk of developing PD on the basis of prodromal symptoms or genetic factors, 71 people with genetic or sporadic forms of PD and 140 healthy control
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Huntington disease-like 2: insight into neurodegeneration from an African disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Amanda Krause, David G. Anderson, Aline Ferreira-Correia, Jessica Dawson, Fiona Baine-Savanhu, Pan P. Li, Russell L. Margolis
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Schizophrenia: from neurochemistry to circuits, symptoms and treatments Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Oliver D. Howes, Bernard R. Bukala, Katherine Beck
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Multiomic approaches to stroke: the beginning of a journey Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Stéphanie Debette, Daniel I. Chasman
Using integrative multiomics, a new study has shed light on the aetiology of ischaemic stroke. By probing the mechanisms underlying stroke, such approaches could aid the development of therapies and improve risk prediction and stratification, with the ultimate aim of developing personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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A multiple hits hypothesis for memory dysfunction in Parkinson disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Salvatore Citro, Giulia Di Lazzaro, Angelo Tiziano Cimmino, Guido Maria Giuffrè, Camillo Marra, Paolo Calabresi
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ALS pathogenesis linked to actin barrier collapse Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Lisa Kiani
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa) regulates actin dynamics via neogenin 1 signalling. A new study found that the cerebrospinal fluid of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) contained elevated levels of RGMa, which correlated with measures of respiratory dysfunction. In rat primary neurons, recombinant RGMa increased deposition of the ALS-associated mutant superoxide dismutase 1 protein
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Restoring synaptic plasticity after stroke Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Lisa Kiani
Gamma oscillations induced by optogenetic stimulation restore functional synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of stroke, according to new research. Twelve rounds of 40 Hz stimulation were applied to the interneurons of awake mice during the acute phase after experimentally induced stroke. The stimulated mice showed significant improvements in cerebral blood flow and motor function compared with non-stimulated
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CD11c+ macrophages mediate brain-to-gut α-synuclein trafficking Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Heather Wood
New research indicates that in a mouse model of Parkinson disease, α-synuclein is trafficked from the brain to the gut by CD11c-expressing macrophages.
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Improved quality of life with MS treatment Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Lisa Kiani
Cladribine tablets can improve quality of life in people with highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), according to recently reported results from the CLARIFY-MS phase II trial. Data from 433 participants who received cladribine for 2 years were included in a mixed-model analysis of MS quality of life (MSQoL)-54 scores. Both MSQoL-54 physical and mental health composite scores significantly
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IGFBP2 levels associated with Alzheimer disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Lisa Kiani
A study published in Brain has found correlations between serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) and various measures of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. In a cohort of 241 individuals who were dementia-free, elevated plasma IGFBP2 was associated with an increased rate of conversion to AD. Insulin–IGF signalling has an important role in hippocampal
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Author Correction: Pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment targets in cerebral malaria. Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Alexandros Hadjilaou,Johannes Brandi,Mathias Riehn,Manuel A Friese,Thomas Jacobs
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Rare genetic brain disorders with overlapping neurological and psychiatric phenotypes Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Kathryn J. Peall, Michael J. Owen, Jeremy Hall
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A tale of race and B cells in multiple sclerosis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Christopher M. Orlando, Lilyana Amezcua
A new study indicates that African American people with multiple sclerosis have higher markers of humoral disease pathology than white people with multiple sclerosis. However, apparent differences in pathophysiology between ethnic groups cannot be fully interpreted without more comprehensive studies that examine the effects of social inequality on disease.
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Molecular biomarkers for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Satoshi Hosoki, Gurpreet K. Hansra, Tharusha Jayasena, Anne Poljak, Karen A. Mather, Vibeke S. Catts, Ruslan Rust, Abhay Sagare, Jason C. Kovacic, Amy Brodtmann, Anders Wallin, Berislav V. Zlokovic, Masafumi Ihara, Perminder S. Sachdev
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Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a step change in understanding the disease mechanisms Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Andreas Yiangou, Susan P. Mollan, Alexandra J. Sinclair
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Biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: current status and future prospects Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Roisin McMackin, Peter Bede, Caroline Ingre, Andrea Malaspina, Orla Hardiman
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Myelination mediates benefits of ketamine Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Ian Fyfe
Restoration of impaired myelination underlies the long-lasting antidepressant effects of ketamine, new research suggests. Spatial transcriptomics showed that exposure of mice to chronic social defeat stress altered the expression of several myelin-related genes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Treatment with ketamine restored the expression of these genes and promoted differentiation of oligodendrocyte
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Metformin protects against dementia in diabetes Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Ian Fyfe
Use of metformin in people aged ≥60 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a reduced risk of developing dementia, according to a study that included 14,558 people in Taiwan. The risk was reduced relative to that in people in the same age group who had T2DM but were not receiving metformin. A dose–response relationship was seen, such that higher daily and cumulative doses of metformin
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Glioblastoma tackled with oncolytic virus Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Ian Fyfe
A first-in-human trial indicates that treatment with an oncolytic virus is associated with increased survival in people with glioblastoma. In the phase I trial, 41 people with recurrent glioblastoma received intra-tumoural injection of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) known as CAN-3110. The treatment produced an inflammatory tumour microenvironment that was favourable for immune responses against
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Peripheral B cells altered in Parkinson disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Ian Fyfe
The findings of an immunophenotyping study suggest that abnormal peripheral B cell responses could contribute to Parkinson disease (PD). In a comparison of 61 people with PD and 61 healthy individuals, PD was associated with reduced B cell counts in the blood, but within the B cell population, the proportions of regulatory B cells, plasmablasts, double-negative B cells and B cells that produce various
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A new biological classification for Parkinson disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Heather Wood
In a plenary lecture at the XXVI World Congress of Neurology, Anthony Lang presented a new biological classification model for Parkinson disease.
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Tackling the global burden of diabetic neuropathy Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Heather Wood
Speaking at the XXVI World Congress of Neurology, Eva Feldman highlighted the global burden of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes and suggested dietary and lifestyle modifications that might help to reduce this burden.
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Clinical trials for idiopathic intracranial hypertension: what are we treating? Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Valérie Biousse, Nancy J. Newman
New guidelines for designing controlled clinical trials for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) have been published. The design of such trials remains a challenge, as the heterogeneity of IIH necessitates different outcome measures for specific clinical presentations.
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Tau-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease: current status and future directions Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Erin E. Congdon, Changyi Ji, Amber M. Tetlow, Yixiang Jiang, Einar M. Sigurdsson
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Could microbiota transfer between cohabitants influence Alzheimer disease risk? Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Kristina Endres, Karl-Herbert Schäfer
The underlying cause of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) remains enigmatic, but an increased risk among spouses of people with AD has led to speculation of transmissibility. A mouse study now suggests that the transfer of microbiota could underlie this potential transmissibility, but the findings leave many questions unanswered.
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Pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment targets in cerebral malaria Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Alexandros Hadjilaou, Johannes Brandi, Mathias Riehn, Manuel A. Friese, Thomas Jacobs
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Neuropsychological impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–frontotemporal spectrum disorder Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Sharon Abrahams
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Mechanisms underlying HIV-associated cognitive impairment and emerging therapies for its management Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Ronald J. Ellis, María J. Marquine, Marcus Kaul, Jerel Adam Fields, Johannes C. M. Schlachetzki
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Seizure-associated changes in the Golgi apparatus Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 38.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Heather Wood
Seizure activity in the brain induces reversible structural changes in the neuronal Golgi apparatus, according to new research. Fragmentation and dispersal of the Golgi apparatus were observed in neocortical tissue from patients who had undergone surgery for epilepsy and in hippocampal neurons from rats with kainic acid-induced seizures. In rat neurons, the Golgi apparatus returned to normal within