Solidification pressure and crystallization age of the ~5 Ma Shiaidani Granodiorite (Hida Mountain Range, central Japan) are determined based on Al-in-hornblende geobarometry and U–Pb zircon dating. Al-poor patchy replacements developed in amphiboles are common in this granite and petrographic study revealed that the replacements include chloritized biotite and albitic plagioclase. These are probably

The 2.9-Ma Hotokezawa Ignimbrite, which was ejected from the Aizu caldera cluster in the northeast Japan arc, is a typical monotonous intermediate ignimbrite, with 40–50 vol% crystals and an eruptive volume of >140 km3 dense-rock equivalent. This ignimbrite filled Hiwada caldera and was deformed by post-caldera plutonic intrusions that formed a resurgent dome. The Hotokezawa Ignimbrite is a calc-alkaline

An article in Geomorphology predicts more intense storm surges could increase coastal resilience in an estuary in the UK.

More than 800 million people live in proximity to active volcanoes and could be directly impacted by potential eruptions. Mitigation of future volcanic hazards requires adequate warning of a pending eruption, which, in turn, requires detailed understanding of the fundamental processes driving volcanic activity. In this Review, we discuss the processes leading up to volcanic eruptions, by following

The Berda Formation corresponds to an inner-shelf stratigraphic equivalent of the Campanian-Maastrichtian outer-shelf Abiod Formation of Tunisia. The present work aims to carry out a sedimentological study of the lower unit (Upper Campanian) of Berda Formation limestones in order to interpret the limestone depositional environment and the origin of the associated micrite particles. This work is based

The determination of an accurate national geoid model remains one of the main challenges of geodetic research projects in Ethiopia. The main aim of this study is to develop a new gravimetric geoid model, named the ETH–GM21, over Ethiopia. This new geoid model is based on a combination of terrestrial and airborne gravity data together with the state-of-the art combined Global Geopotential Model (GGM)

A geophysical study carried out in the framework of the water resources recognition within the Essaouira coastal area (Morocco) enabled to outline the spatial distribution of the Plio-Pleistocene and Cretaceous formations. It helped to determine the thickness and extension of the main aquifer used for irrigation purpose. The overall aim of this study is to highlight the hydrogeological structures of

Structural and metamorphic analyses of the Porto–Viseu Metamorphic Belt (PVMB), an anatectic complex located in the Central-Iberian Zone (CIZ), Iberian Variscan Massif, constrain the kinematic features of the polyphase Variscan deformation, as well as the boundary conditions associated with the exhumation and emplacement of the belt onto the CIZ’s lower-grade metasediments. A sharp metamorphic contrast

Classical geostatistical methods face serious computational challenges if they are confronted with large spatial datasets. The stochastic local interaction (SLI) approach does not require matrix inversion for parameter estimation, spatial prediction, and uncertainty estimation. This leads to better scaling of computational complexity and storage requirements with data size than standard (i.e., without

This paper introduces a novel method using an adaptive functional basis for reduced order models based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The method is intended to be applied, in particular, to hydrocarbon reservoir simulations, where a range of varying boundary conditions must be explored. The proposed method allows updating the POD functional basis constructed for a specific problem setting

Mainstreaming land-use planning into disaster risk management (DRM) is a vital process for the safeguarding and resilience of communities. Since developing countries are most vulnerable to disasters because of the strong presence of informal settlements with high level risk exposure to hazards, this research analyzes the periphery of Lima city due to its economic indicators with major societal/human

Buildings in areas with high economic development levels have strong earthquake resistance, and the mortality rate caused by earthquakes is low. From 1990 to 2015, a total of 387 earthquakes (excluding the earthquakes that caused the tsunami) occurred in Asia. The paper took Asian countries as an example to quantitatively estimate the impact of economic development on the mortality of earthquakes.

Biogeochemical processes in subseafloor sediments are closely coupled to global element cycles. To improve the understanding of changes in biogeochemical conditions on geological timescales, we investigate sediment cores from a 1180 m deep hole in the Nankai Trough offshore Japan (Site C0023) drilled during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 370. During its tectonic migration from the

A typical problem for magnetic surveys with small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) is the heading error caused by undesired magnetic signals that originate from the aircraft. This can be addressed by suspending the magnetometers on sufficiently long tethers. However, tethered payloads require skilled pilots and are difficult to fly safely. Alternatively, the magnetometer can be fixed on the aircraft

Mesoscale organization of convection is typically not represented in global circulation models, and hence its influence on the global circulation is not accounted for. The heating component of a parameterization that represents the dynamical and physical effects of circulations associated with organized convection, referred to as the multiscale coherent structure parameterization (MCSP), is implemented

IIntegrated multiproxy geochemical studies are essential to reconstruct the paleoenvironment through different time scales. Pristine terrestrial archives such as speleothems provide an excellent opportunity to study these changes by measuring the stable isotope and biomarker trends preserved in these records. Here, we investigated fatty acids in drip water, moonmilk, and a stalagmite (KM-1) retrieved

The Inner Tibetan Plateau (ITP), the central and western part of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), covers about one-fourth of the entire TP and contains more than 800 endorheic lakes larger than 1 km2. These lakes are important water reservoirs and sensitive to TP climate changes. They regulate regional water circulations, and further influence local ecosystems. Many lakes in ITP are surrounded by conspicuous

In this work, we explored the feasibility of predicting the structural drift from the first seconds of P-wave signals for On-site Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) applications. To this purpose, we investigated the performance of both linear least square regression (LSR) and four non-linear machine learning (ML) models: Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machines and K-Nearest Neighbors

Identifying the provenance of aeolian deposits in semi-arid zones of China is beneficial in understanding Earth’s surface processes and helping to alleviate ecological stress. In this paper, we use grain-size, geochemical elements, heavy-minerals, and quartz grain morphology data to investigate the potential source of aeolian sands from the Ordos Deserts (Mu Us Sandy Land and Hobq Desert). Sedimentological

Lake carbon burial is of vital significance in global carbon cycle and carbon budget, particularly in the large deep-water lakes. However, carbon burial in large deep-water lakes is hard to estimate due to the difficulty in obtaining high spatial-resolution samples. In this study, we investigated distributions of total organic carbon (TOC) and inorganic carbon (TIC), two main carbon components in lake

A relationship between heliospheric magnetic field, atmospheric electric field, lightning activity and secondary cosmic rays measured on high mount of Lomnický Štít (2634 m a.s.l.), Slovakia, during declining phase of the solar cycle 24 is investigated with focus on variations related to solar rotation (about 27 days). The secondary cosmic rays are detected by neutron monitor and detector system SEVAN

Significant breakthroughs and discovery of shale oil have been made recently in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin, providing a new resource target for shale oil exploration of Northeast China. Understanding the tectonic-thermal evolution and maturation histories of Qingshankou Formation are significant aspects of shale oil exploration and evaluation. This study reconstructed

Lithium ore deposits are divided into pegmatite and brine deposits. The Puna Plateau and the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) have the most abundant brine lithium deposits worldwide. Very few studies have investigated the chronology of brine lithium deposits. This work reports the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating measurements of typical brine lithium deposits in the QTP comprising the East

A novel and efficient inverse method, named Nonlinear least squares four-dimensional variational data Assimilation (NLS-4DVar)-based CO2 Retrieval Algorithm (NARA), is proposed for retrieving atmospheric CO2 from the satellite hyperspectral measurements, in which the NLS-4DVar method is used as the optimization method. As the NLS-4DVar method works independently of the tangent linear model and adjoint

In vector-based elastic reverse time migration, the scalar images (PP and PS) can be effectively obtained by applying dot product-based scalar imaging conditions to the vector wavefields. However, the PP image suffers from polarity reversal problem while opening angles are greater than 90° and backscattering artifacts while opening angles are near 180°. To cope with these above-mentioned issues, we

Arctic tundra wetlands may be an important source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Arctic rivers and the Arctic Ocean under global warming. We investigated stable water isotopes and DOC concentrations in wetlands, tributaries, and the mainstream at the lower reaches of the Indigirka River in northeastern Siberia during the summers of 2010−2014 to assess the complex hydrology and role of wetlands

Lake level reconstruction of inland enclosed lakes especially for monsoon sensitive areas is of great significance to reveal regional climate changes. Daihai, a typical enclosed lake at the marginal of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) area in north China, is sensitive to climate changes because of its unique regional characteristics. There were a series of lakeshore terraces, highstand lacustrine

Thirty-seven Devonian shale samples from the Barreirinha Formation were collected from the northern and southern borders of the Amazonas Basin and were geochemically analyzed to evaluate their hydrocarbon source potentials and depositional paleoenvironments and to estimate the thermal effects of igneous intrusions on kerogens. The results showed that samples from the northern border exhibited total

Isolating the impacts of abrupt climatic events on Holocene hunter-gatherers from those of gradual environmental change is methodologically challenging and conflicts with the lived experience of Mesolithic communities for whom the world was in continuous flux. We explore the combined impacts of abrupt climate events (ACEs) and gradual sea level change on the Mesolithic communities of northern Britain

The extinction of large-bodied terrestrial ‘megafauna’ during earlier phases of the Quaternary had a significant impact on the transforming structure of ecosystems. However, the causes of such losses remains difficult to determine in part because of a paucity of reliable geochronological information about the taxa involved. This is especially true for continents such as Australia where the majority

Accurate representation of the complex ocean-sea ice interaction is still an ongoing effort. In this study, we have coupled the Community Ice Code (CICE) model and Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to develop a high-resolution regional coupled ocean-sea ice model for polar regions. This setup allows us to investigate the interaction between ocean and sea ice in detail. The Coupled-Ocean-Atmosp

Understanding the mechanisms and timescales required for beaches to recover from extreme storm events is fundamental for coastal management worldwide. Yet the post-storm recovery characteristics of different beach types have rarely been investigated over multi-annual timescales. Previous work along the southwest coast of England has suggested that the magnitude and alongshore variability of beach response

Well-known for its intensive land-sea interactions and the brilliant Neolithic Cultures, the South Hangzhou Bay (SHB) of eastern China has been the focus of early agricultural rise in adaptation to coastal environmental change. In this study, geological records from sediment cores were integrated with archaeological findings in SHB to establish the linkage between coastal geomorphological processes

Dams fragment the longitudinal flux of sediment and obstruct fish passage. To help remediate these impacts, dam removal has become an important tool in the river restoration toolkit. Scientifically, these removals also provide an important experimental design, fixed in time and space, to quantify geomorphic and ecological responses to removal of a disturbance. Using the removal of a 6 m high dam in

On 22 March 2014, a massive, catastrophic landslide occurred near Oso, Washington, USA, sweeping more than 1 km across the adjacent valley flats and killing 43 people. For the following 5 weeks, hundreds of workers engaged in an exhaustive search, rescue, and recovery effort directly in the landslide runout path. These workers could not avoid the risks posed by additional large-scale slope collapses

In the development and utilization process of geothermal energy, the thermal conductivity of the rock plays a key role in engineering design. Potentials for further improvement of the geothermal engineering design lie in the improvement of the accuracy of thermal conductivity model. For the prediction of the thermal conductivity of rocks, emerging extreme learning machine (ELM) methods could prove

Abstract Debris flows cause recurrent interruptions and permanent damages in rural road networks, representing significant economic losses. Embankments are road assets frequently exposed to debris flows, especially in mountainous areas. The potential risk of infrastructure exposed to debris flows can be assessed in terms of the probability of expected damage based on fragility curves. The aim of the

Glassy ejecta are associated to a limited number of impact craters, and yet hold key information about hypervelocity impact processes. Here we report on the discovery of a ∼650 km2 impact glass strewnfield in the Central Depression of the Atacama Desert. These cm-sized splash-form objects, that we refer to as atacamaites, are essentially composed of a dacitic glass formed by high-temperature melting

Rapidly-emerging variants jeopardize antibody-based countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2. While cell culture experiments have demonstrated loss of potency of several anti-spike neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variant strains1–3, the in vivo significance of these results remains uncertain. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) corresponding to many in advanced clinical development by

Though SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the respiratory system, patients and survivors can suffer neurological symptoms1–3. Yet, an unbiased understanding of the cellular and molecular processes affected in the brains of COVID-19 patients is still missing. Here, we profile 65,309 single-nucleus transcriptomes from 30 frontal cortex and choroid plexus samples across 14 control (including 1 terminal influenza)

Bernardo Reyes-Tur aims to unravel the mating mysteries of Cuba’s imperilled Polymita.

As the first national network of early-career researchers marks its 21st birthday, the founders of Hungary’s describe how and why they set up theirs in 2019.

A look at notable research tools and projects that have rocketed to prominence reveals some common routes to success.

Scientists are asking why the third mRNA vaccine may have fallen at the last hurdle.

G7 leaders commit to donating one billion COVID-19 vaccination doses by the end of next year. Plus, three missions to the ‘forgotten planet’ Venus and how scientists are embracing NFTs.

Under the background of the integration of multiple regulations, there is an urgent need for the coordinated optimization of transportation planning and land use integration in the aspects of urban overall planning, land use overall planning, and comprehensive transportation system planning. In order to achieve this purpose, at the macro level, this paper uses the DEMTEL model to simplify the factors

Fault zone refers to the fracture zone in the stratum, which is of great significance to the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons. Each fault zone has a unique, complex structure. Hence, the hydrocarbons migrate and accumulate differently from fault zone to fault zone. The accurate division of fault zone structure is critical to understanding fault-controlled hydrocarbon reservoirs. Currently

We disagree with the comments postulated by Zaghbib-Turki et al. (Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13(13): 1–9, 2020) because they are based on selective bibliography and outdated data not complying with common standards and include quite unconvincing interpretations. There is no matching of microfacies and scanning electronic microscope plates provided by Zaghbib-Turki et al. (2020) to the illustrated

In the pile group under lateral load, two types of interactions between soil and pile occur, namely the shadowing effect and the edge effect. When the piles in the pile group are subjected to the lateral loading, these two effects reduce the bearing capacity of the piles. In the present study, this pile group has been used to inhibit the integral bridge. In this study, the pile group under lateral

The ascending trajectory from the surface of Phobos to a resonance quasi-satellite orbit around Phobos is investigated with a newly proposed dynamical model based on the Elliptic Restricted Three-Body Problem. The proposed model incorporates the non-spherical gravity field and physical libration of Phobos as well. The trajectories from the surface of Phobos are classified into three types according

This study compares the utility of multifrequency SAR and Optical multispectral data for land-cover classification of Mumbai city and its nearby regions with a special focus on water body mapping. The L-band ALOS-2/PALSAR-2, X-band TerraSAR-X, C-band RISAT-1, and Sentinel-2 datasets have been used in this work. The ALOS-2 SAR data has been pre-processed before the implementation of machine learning

The mixed function consisting of the harmonic and polynomial terms is used to model and study the characteristics of the GNSS satellite clock. The harmonic terms are obtained from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) results. The modeling results of the GNSS satellite clocks indicate that the RMS of GLONASS is the largest, and that of GPS Cs clocks is at the same level. The results also show that the RMS

Species distribution modelling studies the relationship between species occurrence records and their environmental setting, providing a valuable approach to predicting species distribution in the Southern Ocean (SO), a challenging region to investigate due to its remoteness and extreme weather and sea conditions. The specificity of SO studies, including restricted field access and sampling, the paucity

An original graph clustering approach for the efficient localization of error covariances is proposed within an ensemble-variational data assimilation framework. Here, the localization term is very generic and refers to the idea of breaking up a global assimilation into subproblems. This unsupervised localization technique based on a linearized state-observation measure is general and does not rely

The visual characteristics of landslide susceptibility have not yet been fully explored. Professional or trained technicians have to take much time and effort to interpret remote sensing images and locate landslides accordingly. Although conventional machine learning methods based on hand-crafted features for landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) have acquired remarkable performance, they have

Seismic attenuation is usually described by a constant-Q (CQ) model that assumes the seismic quality factor (Q) is independent of the frequency. To simulate the attenuation behaviors of seismic waves, we develop a pseudo-spectral time-domain (PSTD) method to solve a CQ viscoacoustic wave equation. This method is nearly fourth-order accurate in time. Compared to the conventional temporal second-order

Objective: Efficient and flexible data integration platforms are important to apply various geoscience data for deep learning applications. Recently, deep learning techniques have been applied to analyze and predict natural phenomena in Earth sciences using geoscience data. Because geoscience data are considered as “big data”, data driven approaches such as deep learning are promising tools for understanding