The study on Silurian-Devonian conodonts from the Precordillera has shown a significant increase in the last 5 years. In the new conodont collections, particular specimens of Ozarkodina were obtained from the middle and upper parts of the Los Espejos Formation in the Talacasto region. The taxonomic study allows us to propose a new species of the genus Ozarkodina, named Ozarkodina huenickeni sp. nov

The emplacement of lava flows into poorly consolidated sediments during volcanism can lead to a wide range of lava-sediment interaction processes. Understanding these processes and their products is critical for appraising reservoir quality and connectivity in both intra- and sub-volcanic prospectivity settings. This study investigates the nature of lava-sediment interactions during the onset of magmatism

This paper presents new taxonomic reports and biostratigraphic inferences based on ostracods in the basal section of the cored well UFRJ-2-LRJ-01-SE, perforated in the Votorantim quarry, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Brazil. The studied material comprised 44 samples in the range 438.65 to 315.30 m, identifying 52 species of ostracods distributed in 31 genera and 16 families. Five new species are proposed:

The tragic fire at the National Museum (Brazil) in September 2018 caused invaluable losses to South American natural and cultural heritage. However, previous visits to the paleontological collection generated photographic and descriptive records of mammalian fossil specimens from the Pleistocene of Brazil. Thus, it was possible to redescribe and revise the taxonomy of Cervidae fossils from two important

This study presents the first prediction results of a neural network model for the vertical total electron content of the topside ionosphere based on Swarm-A measurements. The model was trained on 5 years of Swarm-A data over the Euro-African sector spanning the period 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. The Swarm-A data was combined with solar and geomagnetic indices to train the NN model. The Swarm-A

This paper studies the advantages and disadvantages of different machine learning techniques in predicting ground-motion intensity measures given source characteristics, source-to-site distance, and local site conditions. Typically, linear regression-based models with predefined equations and coefficients are used in ground motion prediction. However, restrictions of the linear regression models may

The Nankai-Tonankai Trough is the primary source of major subduction earthquakes in western and central Japan, and the preparedness against future Nankai-Tonankai megathrust subduction events is of critical importance. This study develops a novel multi-hazard catastrophe model for the future Nankai-Tonankai megathrust subduction earthquake and tsunami based on a stochastic earthquake source modeling

The spaceborne detection of volcanic ash clouds at infrared wavelengths helps to avoid regions with enhanced volcanic ash concentrations that pose a threat to aviation. Current volcanic ash data retrievals require detailed information on microphysical properties and the refractive index of volcanic ash, which are highly variable. Uncertainties in the latter currently limit the quality of volcanic ash

The Piedras de Afilar Formation (PAFm) is a late Neoproterozoic sedimentary succession autochthonous to the Tandilia Terrane, part of the Río de la Plata Craton. It overlies with erosional unconformity a Paleoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic basement. According to facies analysis and lithostratigraphy, the PAFm is divided into three members for which detailed petrography, X-ray diffractometry and

Ophiomorpha nodosa Lundgren1891 is described from Puente de Pascua Formation Late Pleistocene of northeastern Buenos Aires province. The pelletal morphology and the base of ramifications of O. nodosa burrows are compared with mid-Holocene, Late Pleistocene Pehuen-Có locality and southern Brazil records. The preservation between sites differs in the degree of erosion and weathering, in situ or ex situ

Physically based models have been widely used around the world to study landslide occurrence. The accuracy in a physically based landslide susceptibility/hazard assessment depends mostly on the input parameters. In this research study, three physically based models' applicability and performance were assessed using deterministic and probabilistic approaches. It was carried out in a data-scarce environment:

The Cenomanian-Turonian Eagle Ford Formation is a widespread organic-rich mudrock in Texas and northern Mexico. The economic significance of this unit for oil and gas production in USA has led to numerous investigations documenting its lithological and geochemical variability. Comparatively little is known about facies distribution and source rock potential of this unit in Mexico. Here, we studied

Quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions based on biological fossils over glacial-interglacial timescales are a major source of information on long-term climate variability. However, such reconstructions can present major methodological challenges, as calibration methods based on modern climatic and biological patterns may yield biased results, especially when data are particularly sensitive to the

Ocean observation research theme under ArCS project, “Theme 4: Observational research on Arctic Ocean environmental changes”, aimed to elucidate the status and trends of ongoing Arctic Ocean environmental changes and to evaluate their impacts on Arctic marine ecosystem and the global climate system. For these purposes, we conducted field observations, mooring observations, laboratory experiments, numerical

Photo‐induced force microscopy (PiFM) is a new‐frontier technique that combines the advantages of atomic force microscopy with infrared spectroscopy and allows for the simultaneous acquisition of 3D topographic data with molecular chemical information at high spatial (~ 5 nm) and spectral (~ 1 cm‐1) resolution at the nanoscale. This non‐destructive technique is time efficient as it requires only conventional

The key factors affecting the variation of the ‘ozone valley’, which appears during the boreal summer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the South Asian High (SAH) and its adjacent areas, have not been determined. This study has performed statistical analysis to improve the understanding of the roles of the sea surface temperature (SST), tropopause height, and the West Pacific

We have detected an event of pore pressure change (hereafter, we refer it to “pore pressure event”) from borehole stations in real time in March 2020, owing to the network developed by connecting three borehole stations to the Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) observatories near the Nankai Trough. During the pore pressure event, shallow very low-frequency events (sVLFEs)

Persistent extreme precipitation covering a large area usually causes severe flooding disasters in China, but how to depict it and what are the possible causes are still open questions. With Climate Prediction Center global unified gauge-based analysis of daily precipitation and NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis dataset from 1979 to 2019, summer regional pentad extreme precipitation (RPEP) is defined according

Ore systems are located in zones of enhanced and focused heat and fluids flux within the lithosphere. In order to target deep ore deposits under cover, a better understanding of lithospheric architecture is essential, especially in relation to magmatism and fluids. Here we attempt an integrated approach using zircon LuHf isotopic mapping (455 samples with 5049 zircon analyses, including 1021 new data)

Based on more than 4,500 km of new and re-processed multichannel seismic lines, high-resolution seafloor bathymetry, available well data, and basement dredge samples, we have re-evaluated the entire stratigraphy and the tectonic evolution of the Alboran and western Algerian basins. We have correlated the sediment units deposited since the beginning of the formation of the different sub-basins, and

An increasing demand for resources, coupled with technological advances which make remote exploration possible and economically viable, have led to a human push into previously inaccessible areas, including peatlands. In spite of the unsuitable nature of peat as a substrate for engineering projects there has been a growth of vehicular access networks on peatlands. However, there is a lack of understanding

The relationship between intraplate earthquakes and intraplate deformation is one of the great conundrums faced by plate tectonics theory. In particular, large earthquakes are more common in Eurasia than in other continents around the world. Formed by the Neoproterozoic collision of the Cathaysia Block and the Yangtze Craton along the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt, the South China Block is well known for

Recent studies on seismic imaging of the Northwest Pacific and East Asian region are reviewed. High-resolution tomographic images reveal significant lateral heterogeneities in the crust and upper mantle, which shed new light on interplate and intraplate volcanism, earthquake mechanism, and mantle dynamics. Significant recent advances in seismic imaging are tomographic inversions for 3-D distribution

Episodes of tectonic tremor are observed in the Nankai accretionary prism close to the trough axis; however, their non-impulsive signals and the distortion of seismic signals in the accretionary prism make it challenging to accurately estimate their locations. Reliable tremor locations would help to characterize geological conditions favourable for tremor generation and could offer insights into the

Continental margins play a fundamental role in the carbon cycle as primary oceanic locations of organic carbon (OC) burial. However, gaps remain in our understanding of factors controlling the distribution and preservation of organic matter (OM) in these heterogeneous and dynamic systems. In particular, the impact of hydrodynamic processes on the age, abundance, and stable isotopic composition of sedimentary

The stabilization of coesite is a diagnostic indicator of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and in many cases it implies that a rock has been subducted to a minimum depth of 80 km. Coesite typically occurs as rare relicts in rigid host minerals, but most commonly transforms into α-quartz pseudomorphs during exhumation. The abundance of coesite-bearing rocks in orogens worldwide is a contentious issue

An article in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences describes how glacier–rock interactions could fuel chemosynthetic primary production in Icelandic sediments.

The color properties observed at the InSight landing site by the lander cameras are spectral mixtures of two source materials: gray‐black rocky material with chromaticity values of x = 0.32, y = 0.32 (standard deviations of σx= 0.02 and σy = 0.03) and yellowish‐brown dust with chromaticity values of x = 0.42, y = 0.36 (standard deviations of σx= 0.02 and σy = 0.03). These results are consistent with

In this research study, 27 ichnospecies belonging to 18 ichnogenera are described for the first time from the lower Miocene Tiaret Marl Formation (north-western Algeria), which consists of thin-to medium-bedded sandstones and marlstones, representing deep-sea fan facies. The sandstones contain the following ichnotaxa: Cardioichnus isp., cf. Chondrites isp., Ophiomorpha isp., Ophiomorpha annulata, Ophiomorpha

We present a thermal history of the Kedougou Kenieba Inlier (eastern Senegal), the western-central outcropping part of the West African Craton, based on 40Ar/39Ar analyses performed on hornblende, biotite, and K-feldspar minerals from Paleoproterozoic plutonic rocks. 40Ar/39Ar age spectra obtained for hornblendes and biotites range between 2055 ± 26 and 2028 ± 28 Ma, in very good consistency. They

Precise engineering generates a structure that fractures more easily in one direction than the other.

An adaptation to the body’s pigment formula produces particles that outshine melanin.

A plan uses real-time monitoring to vaccinate more than two-thirds of a city’s canines at low cost.

Theoretician who simplified nuclear physics and revamped Japan’s science.

Vaccinated people in Israel are less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2, but a population-wide effect will take time to become clear.

Catnip activates cats’ opioid systems (and protects them from mosquitos). Plus, ten computer codes that transformed science and what new SARS-CoV-2 variants mean for schools.

Scientists praise US president’s pick of Alondra Nelson, a specialist in bioethics and social inequality.

Ambitious irrigation schemes are planned for sub-Saharan Africa — but those already built have a dismal track record.

The subduction of 'hot' Shikoku Basin and the mantle upwelling related to the Japan Sea opening have induced extensive magmatism during the middle Miocene on both the back‐arc and island‐arc sides of SW Japan. The Goto Islands are located on the back‐arc side of NW Kyushu, and middle Miocene granitic rocks and associated volcanic, hypabyssal, and gabbroic rocks are exposed. The igneous rocks at Tannayama

Karst aquifers are highly heterogeneous, and non-stationary systems in terms of hydrodynamic properties. The investigation of the different transport properties and characteristics of a karst aquifer system (KAS) is of great significance for the management and protection of karst aquifers. To investigate the response of discharge (Q), suspended sediment (SS), and temperature (T) to the precipitation

Since sediment concentration is an effective factor on increasing debris flood’s peak flow and damages from floods, developing new models to predict the sediment concentration of debris floods has crucial importance. In this study, a hybrid SVR-PSO model was proposed to predict the concentration of sediment in typical and debris floods, and it was examined in three basins located in Gilan, Mazandaran

It is difficult to date a brittle fault because of the absence of effective dating methods. Recently, calcite U-Pb dating has drawn the attention of many researchers and has been successfully applied to constrain the age of brittle deformation. The South China Block (SCB) has experienced multiphase deformations characterized by widespread brittle faults and folds, which has led to significant debate

The paper presents a meshfree technique based on the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) and the energy equation associated with the model, to optimize the location of source points. Over the years, the simplest way of distributing the source set has been on a fixed contour lying outside of the considered domain. In this study, a method automates the optimal placement of the source points with the

Robert Kemp Adair, the Sterling Professor Emeritus of Physics at Yale University, passed away on September 28, 2020, in Hamden, Connecticut, at age 96. He was a distinguished, world-renowned pioneer in particle physics, but possibly even more remarkable as a warm all-round human being, a beloved and highly respected teacher, mentor, colleague, and supervisor. He had a delightful sense of humor, with

The relative role of genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity is of fundamental importance in evolutionary ecology [M. J. West-Eberhard, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (suppl. 1), 6543–6549 (2005)]. European eels have a complex life cycle, including transitions between life stages across ecological conditions in the Sargasso Sea, where spawning occurs, and those in brackish and freshwater bodies

The long-term fate of uranium-contaminated sediments, especially downstream former mining areas, is a widespread environmental challenge. Essential for their management is the proper understanding of uranium (U) immobilization mechanisms in reducing environments. In particular, the long-term behavior of noncrystalline U(IV) species and their possible evolution to more stable phases in subsurface conditions