The picocyanobacteria genera Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus play a significant role globally, dominating the primary production in warm and oligotrophic tropical and subtropical areas, which represent the largest oceanic ecosystem. Genomic studies have revealed high microdiversity within these genera. It is anticipated that ocean warming may cause decreased biodiversity in marine tropical areas

In the face of escalating threats posed by human-induced climate change, urgent attention to coral reef restoration is imperative due to ongoing reef degradation. Here, we explored the potential of generating coral micropropagates as a tool to rapidly generate coral tissue for reef restoration and reef engineering. We developed a hypersalinity-induced polyp bailout protocol and a simple attachment

The design for large-scale offshore systems like renewable energy systems as well as ship structures represents the key factor for the investigation and application of such devices. The existing guide for design schemes of offshore systems cannot cover novel large-scale design demand for recent offshore systems, as a result of the fast-growing scale of offshore systems but the late update of guides

Light is critical to coral growth through endosymbiont photosynthesis but can also act with elevated temperatures to cause coral bleaching. When more light is absorbed than can be used for photosynthesis, elevated irradiance can damage symbiont photosynthetic machinery. Hence, solar-radiation management through shading has been suggested to alleviate coral bleaching during marine heatwaves. Acropora

IntroductionMultiple factors, including human disturbance and environmental change, have caused a significant global mangrove resource loss. Therefore, the Chinese government has restructured mangrove habitats and restored the ecosystem functionality through establishing naturally protected mangrove areas. Despite efforts spanning several years, over 90% of mangrove forests in China have been now integrated

The Cumberland Sound beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population inhabits Cumberland Sound on the southeast side of Baffin Island, Nunavut. The population is listed as threatened under the Species at Risk Act. The last abundance estimate from an aerial survey was estimated at 1,381 (95% CI: 1,270-1,502) beluga whales in 2017 for an area covering 12,485 km2. Since then, satellite imagery has been

Photosynthesis by phytoplankton reduces partial pressure of CO2 at the surface of the ocean and is therefore a potential means of action for a marine CO2 removal technology. Here we study how glacial rock flour may influence photosynthesis in the open ocean. Glacial rock flour is a fine-grained silicate mineral from the bedrock grinded by the Greenland Ice Sheet and enters the ocean via fjords and

Mesoscale eddies cause deviations from the background physical and biogeochemical states of the oligotrophic oceans, but how these perturbations manifest in microbial ecosystem functioning, such as community macromolecular composition or carbon export, remains poorly characterized. We present comparative lipidomes from communities entrained in two eddies of opposite polarities (cyclone–anticyclone)

Dust deposition can supply nutrients to the upper ocean, and subsequently affect primary production and biodiversity in planktonic ecosystem, but the differential response among taxa and their interactions are not fully understood. Here, we performed 7-day onboard incubation experiment amended with different dust loadings (0, 0.2 and 2 mg L-1) in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition region of the Northwest

The legal systems for ocean governance and climate change governance are based on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, respectively. However, due to differences in their negotiation backgrounds, legal scope, goals, and tasks, there is a lack of interaction between the two at the legal system level. The ocean plays a crucial

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the in-situ ocean observations on seasonal forecasts. A series of seasonal reforecasts have been conducted for the period 1993-2015, in which different sets of ocean observations were withdrawn in the production of the ocean initial conditions, while maintaining a strong constrain in sea surface temperature (SST). By comparing the different reforecast sets

We deployed 8 surface drifters in the western North Pacific in 2022. By integrating the Global Drifter Program’s data, we analyzed the drifter-based sea surface currents and temperatures during tropical cyclones. The maximum in-situ surface current observed was 0.70 m/s during typhoon Hinnamnor. Our surface drifters provided similar observations as compared to an adjacent Global Drifter Program’s drifter

IntroductionAs global resource demands and environmental challenges intensify, China's vast marine resources present a significant opportunity for sustainable economic development. This study investigates the impact of financial development on high-quality growth in China's marine economy across 11 coastal regions from 2011 to 2020.MethodsWe examine a mediation and moderation model linking financial

In the context of the global response to climate change, the shipping industry is facing unprecedented pressure and challenges to reduce emissions. Under the unified leadership of International Maritime Organization (IMO), the international community has begun to take actions to promote the development of the shipping industry in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable direction. As an IMO

The degradation of coastal seawater quality off the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent waters is typically associated with monsoon wind, ocean currents and inputs of terrestrial pollutants. In addition to these factors, the passage of typhoons can be also important in driving short-term fluctuations in coastal water quality. Using a coupled Regional Ocean Modeling Systems (ROMS) and carbon, silicate,

IntroductionOffshore wind farms (OWFs) generate extensive wind wakes in their leeward areas, which can induce marine upwelling and downwelling. These processes significantly affect marine stratification and ecosystems, leaving detectable patterns on the sea surface.Materials and MethodsBy utilizing MODIS data, we analyzed six representative OWFs worldwide to identify these wake signatures.ResultNotably

In this study, the storm surge processes and characteristics of Tide-Surge Interactions (TSI) induced by the sequential tropical cyclones (TCs) BARIJAT and MANGKHUT (2018) in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) are investigated using the numerical model. By comparing the impacts of the two TCs, we find that storm surges are significantly influenced by multiple factors. Notably, bays situated on the

Vegetated coastal marine ecosystems are projected to expand northwards in the Arctic due to climate change, but the mechanisms for this expansion are complex and nuanced. Macroalgal biomass in the littoral areas of Svalbard has been increasing, but data at the glacier fronts are very scarce. In this study, we use hydroacoustics and video validation from an unmanned surface vehicle to survey macroalgal

IntroductionIn the Southern Ocean, the large-scale distribution of zooplankton, including their abundance and community composition from the epipelagic to the upper bathypelagic layers, remains poorly understood. This gap in knowledge limits our comprehension of their ecological and biogeochemical roles.MethodsTo better understand their community structure, depth-stratified zooplankton samples were

IntroductionThe Aotearoa New Zealand ghost shrimp of the infraorders Axiidea and Gebiidea have never been comprehensively reviewed, with recent work uncovering a diverse regional fauna representing eight of the 14 known families.MethodsUsing standard morphological and DNA sequencing tools, the family Callianopsidae is, for the first time, recorded off New Zealand, represented by a new species of Vulcanocalliax

Maritime countries, including Indonesia, have indicated their interest in developing a national ocean policy and blue economy plan to boost economic growth while promoting sustainability in and from oceanic activities. In 2017, the Government of Indonesia published the Indonesian Ocean Policy (IOP), the first of its kind since independence, and subsequently developed a series of blue economy documents

While global marine science data sharing plays a crucial role in advancing scientific research and knowledge dissemination, it also brings with it two major ethical conflicts: those between individual interests and the public interest and those between data privacy and data sharing, which are rooted in conflict of interest. In the context of globalization and rapid technological progress, current ethical

Ship heave effects in the swell-prevalent Southern Ocean induce frequent false overturns in density profiles, and conventional Thorpe scale analysis leads to unrealistically large diapycnal diffusivities. Another critical factor causing large positive biases in Thorpe scale analysis concerns the Ozmidov to Thorpe scales ratio α often considered constant and equal to 0.8. A revised Thorpe scale analysis

IntroductionThe recent and growing bio-invasion of the Callinectes sapidus (known as blue crab) is causing damages in the European aquatic ecosystems, and affecting the livelihoods of the fishermen. In this context, this study explores the socio-economic impacts of this bio-invasion on small-scale artisanal fishermen in the Apulia (southern Italy) and Algarve (southern Portugal) regions, analyzing

To alleviate the pressure of economic development on the marine environment, the Marine Ecological Compensation (MEC) has become a major policy tool for the Chinese government to reconcile the contradiction between economic development and the marine environment. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage bargaining game data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate the performance of MEC under

Global warming, driven by human activities since the Industrial Revolution, has significantly elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, leading to higher global temperatures and a rise in extreme weather events. The ocean, as a major carbon sink, has absorbed about 30% of human-induced carbon emissions, helping mitigate global warming’s impacts. This study examines the spatiotemporal distribution

Mangrove forests serve as significant carbon sinks and play a crucial role in mitigating climate change. Currently, the response of mangroves to intensified climate change and human activities, and the factors that influence the magnitude of carbon storage in their sediments remain uncertain. To address these questions, two sediment cores were collected from the mangrove reserve in Pearl Bay, Guangxi

The coral reef ecosystem is one of the most productive ecosystems in the ocean, and is also an important calcium carbonate deposition region. Because excess production is very low in coral reefs, organic carbon reservoirs are very limited. During the calcification process, each mole of CaCO3 will produce 1 mol of CO2, approximately 60% of which will be released into the atmosphere through the sea-air

Managing deep-sea mining is challenging due to limited data on species and habitat distribution, hindering decision-making. In less-explored polymetallic nodule sites in the Indian Ocean, management approaches are deemed unfeasible due to a substantial lack of data. In this study, we aim to bridge the knowledge gap through a detailed analysis of the macrobenthos (fauna > 300 µm) obtained with two sampling

IntroductionCoastal marine ecosystems are among the most ecologically and socio-economically dynamic regions on Earth, and the study of eukaryotic planktonic communities is an important aspect of aquatic ecology. It is essential to monitor plankton biodiversity and identify influencing factors in order to measure human effects on coastal waters and help contribute to ecosystem preservation. Environmental

A survey of marine pelagic coastal microbial communities was conducted over a large geographic latitude range, from Cape Mendocino in northern California USA to Queen Charlotte Sound in British Columbia Canada, during the spring to summer transition. DNA metabarcoding and flow cytometry were used to characterize microbial communities. Physical and chemical oceanography indicated moderate conditions

IntroductionThe eating sounds of largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides) are primarily categorized into swallowing and chewing sounds, both intensities of which are closely correlated with fish density and feeding desire. Therefore, accurate recognition of these two sounds is of significant importance for studying fish feeding behavior.MethodsIn this study, we propose a method based on low-dimensional

Global literature highlights risks in the seafood trade and suggests mitigation methods, but these issues are often overlooked in developing countries, particularly in Pakistan, due to ineffective policy implementation. This underlines the urgent need for a thorough investigation into Pakistan’s seafood trade to address its multifaceted risks and revive this agricultural sector. This study is notable

This study investigates the biomass production and growth strategies of the relict seagrass Zostera marina, a species sensitive to high temperatures, within the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Monthly data collected from January to December 2019 and November 2020 to October 2021 in a single station in proximity of one lagoon port-entrance, along with seasonal data from 2018 and 2021 for the whole lagoon, were

With the promotion of marine power strategies and marine ecological civilization construction, marine green development has become an important issue. This study utilizes the mixed distance function Epsilon-based measure and the global Malmquist–Luenberger index model, which accommodates both radial and non-radial models, to evaluate the marine green total factor productivity (GTFP) across 11 coastal

Achieving carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment plants relies heavily on mainstream anaerobic ammonia oxidation. However, the stability of this process is often compromised, largely due to the significant influence of microbial morphology. This study analyzed 208 microbial samples using bioinformatics and machine learning (ML) across four different morphologies: Suspended Sludge (SS), Biofilm,

As China’s marine economy continues to flourish, the scarcity of offshore marine space has become increasingly apparent. The establishment of multi-tiered sea use right in 2023 represents an effective solution to facilitate the scientific allocation and effective protection of marine resources, thereby promoting high-quality development of marine economy. This paper offers a comprehensive and analytical

Goose-beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris) are deep-diving cetaceans known for their elusive nature and specialized foraging behavior. In 2019 and 2020, six telemetry tags were deployed on these whales in Southern California, resulting in 395 h of acoustic and diving data. Foraging dives were manually identified by the presence of echolocation pulses and buzzes, and generalized additive models assessed

Pop-off satellite archival tags (PSATs) have been increasingly deployed on marine megafauna to remotely monitor their movements, behavior, and environmental preferences. These tags have also allowed the occasional novel documentation of ecological interactions, such as predation on tagged animals. A PSAT deployed on a pregnant porbeagle Lamna nasus in the Northwest Atlantic suggests the shark was predated

Eukaryotic microorganisms were the key components of marine microecosystems and were involved in biogeochemical cycling processes. Although oceanographers have emphasized their importance in open oceans, the current understanding was not comprehensive enough about the assembly processes and co-occurrence network of different fraction eukaryotic microbial communities in the coastal China sea. We used

Lsm14b (LSM family member 14b) is a messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) and a widely present component in eukaryotes. Lsm14b participates in oocyte development by regulating mRNA translation, however, the specific translational regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explore the function of Lsm14b during early oocyte development and identify specific translational regulatory mechanisms. We established

Accurate identification of coastal hyperspectral remote sensing targets plays a significant role in the observation of marine ecosystems. Deep learning is currently widely used in hyperspectral recognition. However, most deep learning methods ignore the complex correlation and data loss problems that exist between features at different scales. In this study, Multi-scale attention reconstruction convolutional

Diatoms (> 2 μm) have traditionally been identified as the primary biological agents linking the carbon (C) and silicon (Si) cycles. However, recent research has shown that picophytoplankton species (< 2 μm) also play a crucial role in the intertwined Si-C biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems. In this study, we examined the spatial distribution and vertical variation of micro/nano-diatoms and

The study focuses on the critically endangered Dabry’s sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus), a species on the brink of extinction in the wild. This research investigates the role of the Forkhead box protein L2 (foxl2) in the gonadal development and differentiation of this species. The foxl2 gene, known for its role in various physiological processes, including sexual maturation, is hypothesized to play a

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the status, resource use, and challenges of the capture-based hatchery of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) (BTS).MethodsData was obtained through the investigation of 15 broodstock fishing boats and 60 capture-based BTS broodstock hatcheries. Resource use index (RUI) of the capture-based BTS hatchery, calculated from 1,000 female brooders to produce 15-day-old

IntroductionTidal marsh wetlands provide essential and valuable services to the wider interconnected marine and coastal environment, although the complex intertwined processes in morphological evolution remain insufficiently understood owing to synchronized data scarcity, limiting the development of numerical models and management strategies.MethodsThis study investigated the hydrodynamic, biological

Sea state bias (SSB) is a crucial error of satellite radar altimetry over the ocean surface. For operational nonparametric SSB (NPSSB) models, such as two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) NPSSB, the solution process becomes increasingly complex and the construction of their regression functions pose challenges as the dimensionality of relevant variables increases. And most current SSB correction

Male sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are known to interact with and depredate from commercial longline fishing vessels targeting sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This study aims to better understand their movement patterns and diving behavior in this region, and in relation to depredation behavior. Between 2007 and 2016 a total of 33 satellite tags were deployed on

A new paramunnid species, Pentaceration forkandbrewer sp. nov., is described from Otago, Aotearoa New Zealand (Otago region). The majority of specimens examined were collected during a “Ports of Otago” survey carried out by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Christchurch. Pentaceration forkandbrewer sp. nov. can be identified by the following characters: by the lack of dorsal

IntroductionLike in many parts of the world, the Baltic Sea experiences a multitude of processes and stressors that influence fish stock dynamics. This paper compartmentalizes 250 publications that examine the cumulative effects and trade-offs of some of the most significant environmental drivers (temperature change, hypoxia, nutrient enrichment, acidification, low salinity, and food-web dynamics)

The mortality of Atlantic salmon is one of the main challenges to achieving its sustainable production. This sector benefits from generating many data, some of which are collated in a standardized way, on a monthly basis at site level, and are accessible to the public. This continuously updated resource might provide opportunities to monitor mortality and prompt producers and inspectors to further

IntroductionThe construction of coastal industrial zones has significantly impacted the marine environment, with the extent of these effects varying based on the type of industrial activity. This study compares the environmental impact of two prevalent types of industrial zones along South Korea’s coast: ironworks and shipyards.MethodsWe assessed heavy metal pollution near these industrial zones using

Submarine fan reservoirs are important accumulation zones for oil, gas, and natural gas hydrates, offering significant potential for hydrocarbon exploration. During the deposition period of the Sanya Formation in the southern part of the Changchang Sag of the Qiongdongnan Basin, a large submarine fan developed. However, the internal structure, source-sink system, and formation mechanism of this fan

IntroductionAs the aquaculture industry intensifies to enhance production efficiency and capacity, the risk of disease outbreaks in high-density systems, such as those for largemouth bass, has escalated. This necessitates the exploration of novel strategies for disease prevention and control. Studies have shown that Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) possesses the functions of promoting

Estuarine sediments serve as significant reservoirs for mercury (Hg) and methylmercury(MeHg), which can also interconvert in the external environment. The release of Hg in response to human activities raises concerns about its potential ecological and human health effects. Sediment samples were collected in December 2021 from four locations (sites), and Hg cycling by measuring the concentrations of

Marine sediments host heterogeneous protist communities consisting of both living benthic microorganisms and planktonic resting stages. Despite their key functions in marine ecosystem processes and biogeochemical cycles, their structure and dynamics are largely unknown. In the present study, with a spatially intensive sampling design we investigated benthic protist diversity and function of surface

The northwestern continental margin of the South China Sea, extending from the broad shelf and canyon-growth slope across the Xisha Trough, represents a relic crustal rift that eventually connects to the abyssal plain. However, the provenance and source-to-sink process of sediments in this special topography remains unclear. In this study, we present the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of surface

The decline of coral reefs has increased interest in ecological restoration. Due to the scarcity of coral gardening projects in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, improving our understanding of such techniques is key. We report the results of coral gardening using the branching Pocillopora spp. and massive coral species (Pavona gigantea, Pavona clavus and Porites lobata) in an upwelling area in Costa Rica

The ethical considerations and scepticism over the ecological benefits have fuelled debate about the rehabilitation of wildlife. Although there is evidence that many rehabilitated species are able to survive after rehabilitation, there is a paucity of research on the behaviour of rehabilitated pinnipeds, including grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). In this study, 14 rehabilitated grey seal juveniles

Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) host very productive marine ecosystems that provide services to many surrounding countries. The impact of global warming on their functioning is debated due to limited long-term observations, climate model uncertainties, and significant natural variability. This study utilizes the usefulness of a machine learning technique to document long-term variability