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Wind Shear Driven Double Layer Structures of E-Region Irregularities at Low Latitudes Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Jianfei Liu, Wenjie Sun, Guozhu Li, Yunlin Chen, Haiyong Xie, Lianhuan Hu, Yi Li, Xiukuan Zhao, Guofeng Dai, Baiqi Ning, Libo Liu
Previous theoretical simulations showed the generation of double-layer structures of E-region field-aligned irregularities (FAIs). In this study, we report the double-layer structures of E-region FAIs observed by an all-sky radar at low latitude Ledong (18.4°N, 109°E), China. These FAIs appeared at the altitudes ∼90 and 110 km respectively. Both layers displayed quasi-periodic patterns with synchronized
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Persistent ENSO Forcing on Holocene Flooding in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River at Millennial Timescales Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Fei Peng, Junsheng Nie, Willem Toonen, Huichun Li, Zhenbo Hu, Baotian Pan
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most dominant interannual signal of climate variability and profoundly affects river flooding globally, especially in East Asia. However, ENSO also has ∼2,000 and ∼1,000-year cycles, but due to the lack of flood records with sufficient length, little is known about the ENSO's impact on floods at these millennial timescales. Here we test this in the middle-lower
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Drivers of Changes to the ENSO–Europe Teleconnection Under Future Warming Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 J. D. Beverley, M. Collins, F. H. Lambert, R. Chadwick
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection to Europe is projected to strengthen under global warming in most climate model simulations. However, given the current difference between recent observations and historical model simulations of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature trends, with models simulating an El Niño-like warming in recent decades which is in disagreement with observations
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Rainband-Occurrence Probability in Northern Hemisphere Tropical Cyclones by Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Gang Zheng, Han Jiang, Liang Wu, Xiaofeng Li, Lizhang Zhou, Qiaoyan Wu, Peng Chen, Lin Ren
Rainbands are essential to tropical cyclones (TCs), significantly affecting TC structure and intensity change. High-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery can capture the footprints of rainbands caused by rain-induced sea surface roughness modification. Using 464 SAR TC images, we investigated the rainband-occurrence probability of TCs under different hemispheres, local times (LTs), intensities
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Global Survey of Energetic Electron Precipitation at Low Earth Orbit Observed by ELFIN Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Murong Qin, Wen Li, Xiao-Chen Shen, Vassilis Angelopoulos, Richard Selesnick, Luisa Capannolo, Qianli Ma, Anton Artemyev, Xiao-Jia Zhang
We statistically evaluate the global distribution and energy spectrum of electron precipitation at low-Earth-orbit, using unprecedented pitch-angle and energy resolved data from the Electron Losses and Fields INvestigation CubeSats. Our statistical results indicate that during active conditions, the ∼63 keV electron precipitation ratio peaks at L > 6 at midnight, whereas the spatial distribution of
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Interactions Between Anthropogenic Greenhouse-Gas and Aerosol Emissions Will Shape Extreme Precipitations Over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Wenchang Tang, Guohe Huang, Yongping Li, Chuyin Tian, Tangnyu Song, Mengjie Wu, Xiong Zhou, Xiaohu Zhao, Yali Zheng
Attributing intensification extreme precipitation to anthropogenic factors on the regional scale is challenging, given the large fluctuations and the complexity of quantifying interactions among these anthropogenic factors. Here, we propose a new variance-based method to investigate the roles of human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG), aerosol (AER), and their interactions (GA) in shaping extreme precipitation
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Causal Analysis Discovers an Enhanced Impact of Tropical Western Pacific on Indian Summer Monsoon Subseasonal Anomalies Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Danni Du, Aneesh C. Subramanian, Weiqing Han, Urmi Ninad, Jakob Runge
Existing studies have shown changes in the impact of atmospheric teleconnections on Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) at interannual time scales due to the changing background state. However, the exploration of potential changes at subseasonal time scales remains limited. In this study, we use a causal discovery method to find the tropical atmospheric drivers of ISM subseasonal anomalies, and quantify the
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Reservoir Filling Up Problems in a Changing Climate: Insights From CryoSat-2 Altimetry Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Zhiwei Wang, Liguang Jiang, Karina Nielsen, Lei Wang
Recent droughts have severely threatened water security in many regions worldwide. Reservoirs, designed to combat droughts and secure water supply partially, are reported failing to fill up to the total capacity due to severe droughts. How bad is climate affecting reservoir filling up on a global scale? This issue has not been studied. We present a big picture of reservoirs in crisis using satellite
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Whistler-Mode Wave Generation During Interplanetary Shock Events in the Earth's Lunar Plasma Environment Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Abhinav Prasad, Wen Li, Qianli Ma, Xiao-Chen Shen
Whistler-mode waves are commonly observed within the lunar environment, while their variations during Interplanetary (IP) shocks are not fully understood yet. In this paper, we analyze two IP shock events observed by Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moons Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) satellites while the Moon was exposed to the solar wind. In the first event,
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Tidal Heating in a Subsurface Magma Ocean on Io Revisited Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 B. Aygün, O. Čadek
We investigate the tidal dissipation in Io's hypothetical fluid magma ocean using a new approach based on the solution of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations. Our results indicate that the presence of a shallow magma ocean on top of a solid, partially molten layer leads to an order of magnitude increase in dissipation at low latitudes. Tidal heating in Io's magma ocean does not correlate with the distribution
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The Potential of Absorbing Aerosols to Enhance Extreme Precipitation Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Guy Dagan, Eshkol Eytan
Understanding the impact of various climate forcing agents, such as aerosols, on extreme precipitation is socially and scientifically vital. While anthropogenic absorbing aerosols influence Earth's energy balance and atmospheric convection, their role in extreme events remains unclear. This paper uses convective-resolving radiative-convective-equilibrium simulations, with fixed solar radiation, to
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Impacts and State-Dependence of AMOC Weakening in a Warming Climate Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Katinka Bellomo, Oliver Mehling
All climate models project a weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength in response to greenhouse gas forcing. However, the climate impacts of the AMOC decline alone cannot be isolated from other drivers of climate change using existing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project simulations. To address this issue, we conduct idealized experiments using the EC-Earth3 climate
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Top of the Atmosphere Shortwave Arctic Cloud Feedbacks: A Comparison of Diagnostic Methods Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Calvin Coulbury, Ivy Tan
The cloud feedback may result in amplification or damping of Arctic warming. Two common techniques used to diagnose the top-of-the-atmosphere cloud feedback are the Adjusted Cloud Radiative Effect (AdjCRE) method and the Cloud Radiative Kernel (CRK) method. We apply both to CMIP5 and CMIP6 model data, finding that the AdjCRE calculated Arctic shortwave cloud feedback is twice as correlated with sea
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Precipitation Seasonality Amplifies as Earth Warms Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 Xiaoyu Wang, Ming Luo, Fengfei Song, Sijia Wu, Yongqin David Chen, Wei Zhang
Precipitation exhibits a pronounced seasonal cycle, of which the phase and amplitude are closely associated with water resource management. While previous studies suggested an emerged delaying phase in the past decades, whether the amplified amplitude has emerged is controversial. Using multiple observational data sets and climate simulations, here we show that the amplification of precipitation annual
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Linking Upwelling Dynamics and Subsurface Nutrients to Projected Productivity Changes in the California Current System Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 Michael G. Jacox, Steven J. Bograd, Jerome Fiechter, Mercedes Pozo Buil, Michael Alexander, Dillon Amaya, Nathalí Cordero Quiros, Hui Ding, Ryan R. Rykaczewski
Given the importance of coastal upwelling systems to ocean productivity, fisheries, and biogeochemical cycles, their response to climate change is of great interest. However, there is no consensus on future productivity changes in these systems, which may be controlled by multiple drivers including wind-driven and geostrophic transport, stratification, and source water properties. Here we use an ensemble
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Diversity of Stratospheric Error Growth Across Subseasonal Prediction Systems Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 R. W. Lee, A. J. Charlton-Perez
The stratosphere has previously been shown to be a significant source of subseasonal tropospheric predictability. The ability of ensemble prediction systems to appropriately exploit this depends on their ability to reproduce the statistical properties of the real atmosphere. In this study, we investigate predictability properties of the coupled stratosphere-troposphere system in the sub-seasonal to
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AirCore Observations at Northern Tibetan Plateau During the Asian Summer Monsoon Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 You Yi, Zhaonan Cai, Yi Liu, Mengchu Tao, Shuangxi Fang, Dongxu Yang, Zhixuan Bai, Miao Liang, Bo Yao, Jianchun Bian, Shawn B. Honomichl, William J. Randel, Laura L. Pan
We present data and analysis of a set of balloon-borne sounding profiles, which includes co-located O3, CO, CH4, and particles, over the northern Tibetan Plateau during an Asian summer monsoon (ASM) season. These novel measurements shed light on the ASM transport behavior near the northern edge of the anticyclone. Joint analyses of these species with the temperature and wind profiles and supported
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Location and Intensity Changes of the North Equatorial Countercurrent Tied to ITCZ Under Global Warming Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 Qing Wang, Fengfei Song, Lixin Wu, Lu Dong, Qinyu Liu
Previous studies have suggested that global ocean circulation would be significantly changed under global warming, while the change of North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) and its mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we investigate the location and intensity changes of NECC under global warming based on CESM1 high-resolution long-term simulations from the perspective of the Inter-Tropical Convergence
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On the Formation of Trapped Electron Radiation Belts at Ganymede Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Lucas Liuzzo, Quentin Nénon, Andrew R. Poppe, Aaron Stahl, Sven Simon, Shahab Fatemi
This study presents evidence of stably trapped electrons at Jupiter's moon Ganymede. We model energetic electron pitch angle distributions and compare them to observations from the Galileo Energetic Particle Detector to identify signatures of trapped particles during the G28 encounter. We trace electron trajectories to show that they enter Ganymede's mini-magnetospheric environment, become trapped
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Machine-Learning Based Identification of the Critical Driving Factors Controlling Storm-Time Outer Radiation Belt Electron Flux Dropouts Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Man Hua, Jacob Bortnik, Donglai Ma
Understanding and forecasting outer radiation belt electron flux dropouts is one of the top concerns in space physics. By constructing Support Vector Machine (SVM) models to predict storm-time dropouts for both relativistic and ultra-relativistic electrons over L = 4.0–6.0, we investigate the nonlinear correlations between various driving factors (model inputs) and dropouts (model output) and rank
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Magnesium Isotopes of Carbonate Reveal Seasonal Climate Variation in the Central East Asia During the Middle Eocene Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Huaxi Zhu, Rong Hu, Weiqiang Li, Yinshuang Long, Wen Lai, Yang Zhang, Xia Zhang, Yangrui Guo, Junfeng Ji, Huayu Lu
It is debated whether there was strong climate seasonality during the Eocene, which provides a close geological analogy for near-future scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions. Lithological data suggest the existence of a broad arid zone centered around 30°N paleo-latitude, while a humid climate was supported by palaeobotanic assemblages in East Asia. Here, we report the occurrence of massive primary
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Issue Information Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-09
No abstract is available for this article.
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Mesoscale Auroral Curls in Antarctica Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Xing-Yu Li, Qiu-Gang Zong, Ze-Jun Hu, Yong-Fu Wang, Jian-Jun Liu, Xu-Zhi Zhou, Chao Yue, Shan Wang, Zi-Kang Xie, Xing-Xin Zhao, Zhi-Yang Liu, Ze-Fan Yin, Hua-Yu Zhao, Yi-Xin Sun
The morphology and motion of auroras have been widely studied due to their indications on magnetospheric processes. Here, we report a new kind of “auroral curls,” which have wavelengths in the mesoscale (∼100 km) and propagate azimuthally. Utilizing data from the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station (the all-sky imager and the high-frequency radar), the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics
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20th-Century Antarctic Sea Level Mitigation Driven by Uncertain East Antarctic Accumulation History Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Advik Eswaran, Olivia J. Truax, T. J. Fudge
Increasing snow accumulation over the Antarctic Ice Sheet may mitigate future sea level rise. However, current estimates of mitigation potential are poorly constrained due to limited records of past variability. We present an annually resolved reconstruction of Antarctic snow accumulation from 1801 to 2000 CE, employing a paleoclimate data assimilation methodology to integrate ice core records with
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Unraveling the Non-Homogeneous Dispersion Processes in Ocean and Coastal Circulations Using a Clustering Approach Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 D. Lagomarsino-Oneto, A. De Leo, A. Stocchino, A. Cucco
Dispersion processes in environmental flows have been traditionally studied under the strong assumption of homogeneous, isotropic and stationary turbulence. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new approach that combines autocorrelation analysis of simulated Lagrangian trajectories together with unsupervised clustering. To test the approach, we consider several dynamic scenarios around a coastal
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Thank You to Our 2023 Peer Reviewers Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-05 Harihar Rajaram, Anantha Aiyyer, Suzana Camargo, Christopher D. Cappa, Andrew J. Dombard, Kathleen A. Donohue, Sarah Feakins, Lucy Flesch, Robinson Fulweiler, Neil Ganju, Alessandra Giannini, Yu Gu, Christian Huber, Valeriy Ivanov, Kristopher Karnauskas, Monika Korte, Kevin Lewis, Gang Lu, Gudrun Magnusdottir, Mathieu Morlighem, Marit Oieroset, Yuichi Otsuka, Germán A. Prieto, Bo Qiu, Lynn Russell
On behalf of the journal, AGU, and the scientific community, the editors of Geophysical Research Letters would like to sincerely thank those who reviewed manuscripts for us in 2023. The hours reading and commenting on manuscripts not only improve the manuscripts, but also increase the scientific rigor of future research in the field. With the advent of AGU's data policy, many reviewers have also helped
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A Giant Impact Origin for the First Subduction on Earth Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Qian Yuan, Michael Gurnis, Paul D. Asimow, Yida Li
Hadean zircons provide a potential record of Earth's earliest subduction 4.3 billion years ago. It remains enigmatic how subduction could be initiated so soon after the presumably Moon-forming giant impact (MGI). Earlier studies found an increase in Earth's core-mantle boundary (CMB) temperature due to the accumulation of the impactor's core, and our recent work shows Earth's lower mantle remains largely
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GNET Derived Mass Balance and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Constraints for Greenland Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Valentina R. Barletta, Andrea Bordoni, Shfaqat Abbas Khan
Monitoring the Greenland mass balance (GMB) is crucial in the context of global sea level rise. Currently, three main methods are used to measure GMB, with the primary source of uncertainty arising from the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) contribution. Here, we propose a novel approach based on a simple methodology that uses the entire Greenland GNSS network (GNET) as an instrument to monitor the
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Different Formation Modes of the North–South-Trending Rifts in Southern Tibet: Implications From Ambient Noise Tomography Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Dandan Li, Xiaobo Tian, Xiaofeng Liang, Shitan Nie
Understanding how the Miocene N–S-trending rifts on the southern Tibetan Plateau formed is crucial for understanding the evolution of the plateau. Most competing models suggest that all the rifts developed uniformly, but there are differences in magmatism among them. We conducted ambient noise tomography based on a broadband seismic array deployed across the rifts. A mid-crustal low-Vs layer extends
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Evidence for and Against Temperate Ice in Antarctic Shear Margins From Radar-Depth Sounding Data Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 P. T. Summers, D. M. Schroeder, D. F. May, J. Suckale
The majority of ice mass loss from Antarctica flows through narrow, fast sliding regions of ice. The lateral boundaries of these regions, termed shear margins, are characterized by lateral shear strains in excess of ∼10−3 yr−1. Shear heating within these margins could warm ice significantly–even to the melting point–but other processes such as lateral advection of cold ice and fabric development compete
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Isotopic Evidence for Degradation of Particulate Black Carbon in the Ocean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Siddhartha Sarkar, Abdur Rahman, Mohammad Atif Khan, Ajayeta Rathi, P. Ragavan, Arvind Singh, Sanjeev Kumar
Black carbon (BC) has emerged as an integral part of the global carbon (C) cycle, constituting 12% ± 5% of the organic C pool in rivers and soils, with the potential to generate negative climate feedback. However, its ability to sequester C depends on the recalcitrant nature of BC in the environment, which is under debate. Using CTO-375 method and by measuring concentrations and isotopic compositions
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Understanding the Cascade: Removing GCM Biases Improves Dynamically Downscaled Climate Projections Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Stefan Rahimi, Lei Huang, Jesse Norris, Alex Hall, Naomi Goldenson, Mark Risser, Daniel R. Feldman, Zachary J. Lebo, Eli Dennis, Chad Thackeray
Polarization surrounding bias correction (BC) in creating climate projections arises from its lack of physicality. Here, we perform and analyze 18 dynamical downscaling simulations (with and without BC) to better understand the physical impacts of BC, applied before downscaling, on regional climate output across the western United States. Without BC, downscaled precipitation is systematically and unrealistically
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On the Divergent Evolution of ENSO After the Coastal El Niños in 2017 and 2023 Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Wei Tan, Zeng-Zhen Hu, Michael J. McPhaden, Congwen Zhu, Xiaofan Li, Yunyun Liu
Coastal El Niño is an extreme situation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with sea surface temperature warming confined in the far-eastern equatorial Pacific. Some coastal El Niños evolve into a basin scale El Niño, and some don't, implying a diversity in ENSO evolutions after a coastal El Niño event. In this study, the coastal El Niños in 2017 and 2023 are selected to examine their subsequent
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BARREL Observations of Microburst Events With a Slowly-Varying Component Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Kelly Cantwell, Robyn Millan
Electron microburst precipitation has been shown to have significant potential for depletion of the outer radiation belt. We present observations from the Balloon Array for Radiation belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) of six (five unique and one dual-balloon observation) microburst events, each containing minutes to hours of persistent microbursts. We find that each event included a slowly-varying
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Io's Long-Wavelength Topography as a Probe for a Subsurface Magma Ocean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 S. Gyalay, F. Nimmo
We investigated how spatial variations in tidal heating affect Io's isostatic topography at long wavelengths. The long-wavelength relief is less than the 0.3 km uncertainty in Io's global shape. Assuming Airy isostasy, degree-2 topography <0.3 km amplitude is only possible if surface heat flux varies spatially by <19% of the mean value. This is consistent with Io's volcano distribution and is possible
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Electron Precipitation Driven by EMIC Waves: Two Types of Energy Dispersion Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Veronika S. Grach, Anton V. Artemyev, Andrei G. Demekhov, Xiao-Jia Zhang, Jacob Bortnik, Vassilis Angelopoulos
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can very rapidly and effectively scatter relativistic electrons into the atmosphere. EMIC-driven precipitation bursts can be detected by low-altitude spacecraft, and analysis of the fine structure of such bursts may reveal unique information about the near-equatorial EMIC source region. In this study, we report, for the first time, observations of EMIC-driven
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Ancient Craton-Wide Mid-Lithosphere Discontinuity Controlled by Pargasite Channels Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-04 Z. J. Sudholz, P. Zhang, C. M. Eakin, G. M. Yaxley, A. L. Jaques, C. Frigo, K. Czarnota
The mechanisms governing a commonly observed seismic velocity drop in the cratonic lithosphere, referred to as the mid-lithospheric discontinuity (MLD), have been widely debated. To identify the composition and seismic structure of MLDs, we have analyzed Sp receiver functions (SRF) and mantle xenocrysts for six regions across Australia. We utilize locations where seismic stations and kimberlite-hosted
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Water Impact on Adsorbed Oil Detachment From Mineral Surfaces by Supercritical CO2: A Molecular Insight Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Yulong Yang, Rui Gao, Wenyuan Sun, Leilei Yang, Jirui Hou
Geochemical reactions are crucial for in situ CO2 mineralization underground associated with CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) in a hydrocarbon reservoir. However, the presence of formation water and adsorbed oil on rocks generates physical barriers to CO2's access to mineral surfaces, which may yield impedance to CO2 mineral trapping that has yet to be accounted for. In this study, we mimic the
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Stable Isotopic (δ13C) Evidence for Global Microbial Sequestration of Refractory Dissolved Organic Matter Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Christian B. Lewis, Brett D. Walker, Ellen R. M. Druffel
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the global oceans is an important long-term carbon sink. Connections between molecular size, reactivity, and isotopic characteristics show that DOC exists on a continuum from biologically reactive to recalcitrant. The driving mechanisms behind the creation and persistence of recalcitrant DOC remain unknown. We show mean recalcitrant DOC (isolated via solid-phase extraction;
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The Impact of Vertical Plasma Motion on the Evolution of Predawn Equatorial Plasma Bubbles on the Dayside Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Hyosub Kil, Joseph D. Huba, Larry J. Paxton
This study investigates the impact of vertical ionospheric drift during daytime on the evolution of predawn equatorial plasma bubbles by conducting model simulations using “Sami3 is Another Model of the Ionosphere.” The upward drift of the ionosphere transports bubbles to higher altitudes, where their lifetime is set by the atomic oxygen photoionization rate. While the bubbles generated at predawn
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Increasing Fire Activity in African Tropical Forests Is Associated With Deforestation and Climate Change Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 M. C. Wimberly, D. Wanyama, R. Doughty, H. Peiro, S. Crowell
Fires were historically rare in tropical forests of West and Central Africa, where dense vegetation, rapid decomposition, and high moisture limit available fuels. However, increasing heat and drought combined with forest degradation and fragmentation are making these areas more susceptible to wildfires. We evaluated historical patterns of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer active fires in
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Secular Changes in the Occurrence of Subduction During the Archean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Chun-Tao Liu, Chen-Yang Ye, J. ZhangZhou
Subduction processes play a pivotal role in facilitating material exchange between the crust and mantle, contributing to the growth of continents. However, the onset and evolution of subduction remain hotly debated. Here, we developed a high-dimensional machine learning (ML) model to use multiple compositional data (e.g., Nb/La, Nb, Ti, Nb/U, Pb/Nd, and Nb/Th) to distinguish arc-type from non-arc basalts
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Effect of Nucleation Heterogeneity on Mineral Precipitation in Confined Environments Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Fengchang Yang, Dongshi Guan, Vitalii Starchenko, Ke Yuan, Andrew G. Stack, Bowen Ling
The formation of new mineral phases in confined environments, especially in porous media, is crucial for various geological processes like mineralization and diagenesis. The nucleation and precipitation of minerals are initiated at the microscale through fluid-rock interaction, where dissolution of primary phases leads to supersaturated conditions and nucleation and growth of secondary ones. Previous
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Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Influence on the Annual Mean Intertropical Convergence Zone Location in the Miocene Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Xiaoqing Liu, Nicholas Herold, Matthew Huber
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) has an annual mean location north of the equator today. The factors determining this location and the evolution to its modern state are actively debated. Here we investigate how the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) influences the ITCZ during the early-to-middle Miocene. By conducting a sensitivity study with an open Canadian Arctic Archipelago
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Raindrop Deformation in Turbulence Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Hepeng Zheng, Yun Zhang, Haoran Li, Zuhang Wu, Yanqiong Xie, Lifeng Zhang
The physical behavior of a falling raindrop is governed by delicate fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, and oscillates with time. Despite this time-variant nature, past observational and simulation studies have aimed to generalize parameterizations for describing rain microphysics bearing the assumption that raindrops fall at terminal speeds with an equilibrium shape. However, the applicability of this
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Supersaturation and Critical Size of Cloud Condensation Nuclei in Marine Stratus Clouds Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Henrik Svensmark, Martin Bødker Enghoff, Jacob Svensmark, Irina Thaler, Nir J. Shaviv
Observations of marine stratus clouds in clean air off the Californian coast reveal a functional relationship between the number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and supersaturation. Satellite-derived liquid droplet density estimates the number density of CCN. Combining the estimated supersaturation using Köhler theory, global maps of supersaturation and the critical activation size of CCN are estimated
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Turbulent Dynamics of Buoyant Melt Plumes Adjacent Near-Vertical Glacier Ice Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Jonathan D. Nash, Kaelan Weiss, Meagan E. Wengrove, Noah Osman, Erin C. Pettit, Ken Zhao, Rebecca H. Jackson, Jasmine Nahorniak, Kyle Jensen, Erica Tindal, Eric D. Skyllingstad, Nadia Cohen, David A. Sutherland
At marine-terminating glaciers, both buoyant plumes and local currents energize turbulent exchanges that control ice melt. Because of challenges in making centimeter-scale measurements at glaciers, these dynamics at near-vertical ice-ocean boundaries are poorly constrained. Here we present the first observations from instruments robotically bolted to an underwater ice face, and use these to elucidate
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Accuracy of Ocean CO2 Uptake Estimates at a Risk by a Reduction in the Data Collection Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Yuanxu Dong, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Peter Landschützer
Observation-based quantification of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake relies on synthesis data sets such as the Surface Ocean CO2 ATlas (SOCAT). However, the data collection effort has dramatically declined and the number of annual data sets in SOCATv2023 decreased by ∼35% from 2017 to 2021. This decline has led to a 65% increase (from 0.15 to 0.25 Pg C yr−1) in the standard deviation of seven SOCAT-based
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Geodetic Evidence for Cascading Landslide Motion Triggered by Extreme Rain Events at Joshimath, NW Himalaya Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 K. M. Sreejith, M. C. M. Jasir, P. S. Sunil, M. S. Rose, Ajish P. Saji, R. Agrawal, M. T. Bushair, K. Vijay Kumar, N. M. Desai
Slope instability due to tectonic, hydrological and anthropogenic activities cause severe landslides in Himalaya. Joshimath, a densely populated Himalayan town witnessed a catastrophic landslide event during December 2022 and January 2023 causing damages to ∼700 buildings. We use Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, Global Positioning System and rainfall measurements to probe the kinematics of
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Strain Partitioning and Fault Kinematics in the Northern Qilian Shan (NE Tibet) Determined From Bayesian Inference of Geodetic Data Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Yingfeng Zhang, Sam Wimpenny, Luca Dal Zilio, Xinjan Shan
Oblique convergence across the northern Qilian Shan is accommodated by sub-parallel strike-slip and thrust faults that ruptured simultaneously in the Mw 8 Gulang earthquake in 1927. We investigate the kinematics of fault loading in the northern Qilian Shan and provide insights into the conditions necessary for generating multi-fault earthquakes. We perform Bayesian inversions for the geometry and creep
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Australian Rainfall Increases During Multi-Year La Niña Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Ashley T. Huang, Zoe E. Gillett, Andréa S. Taschetto
Australia is one of the regions strongly affected by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The recent 2020–2023 La Niña event was marked by record-breaking rainfall and flooding across eastern Australia. The continuous wet conditions during the triple La Niña motivated us to explore the impacts of single-year and multi-year ENSO events on Australian rainfall using observational data sets. We find
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Melting Behavior of B1 FeO Up To 186 GPa: Existence of FeO-Rich Melts in the Lowermost Mantle Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Suyu Fu, Kei Hirose
FeO is an important component in both mantle silicates and core iron alloys. Understanding its melting behavior and physical properties is crucial for exploring the chemistry and physics of our planet. Here we report the melting curve of FeO up to 186 GPa from laser-heating experiments in a diamond-anvil cell coupled with synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In-situ observations of both
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Transition Between Mechanical and Geometric Controls in Glacier Crevassing Processes Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Hugo Rousseau, Johan Gaume, Lars Blatny, Martin P. Lüthi
Herein, fast fracture initiation in glacier ice is modeled using a Material Point Method and a simplified constitutive law describing tensile strain softening. Relying on a simple configuration where ice flows over a vertical step, crevasse patterns emerge and are consistent with previous observations reported in the literature. The model’s few parameters allows identification of a single dimensionless
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An Outsized Contribution of Rivers to Carbon Emissions From Interconnected Urban River-Lake Networks Within Plains Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-28 Boyi Liu, Runyu Zhang, Lin Zhu, Jun Wang, Boqiang Qin, Wenqing Shi
Urban aquatic ecosystems in plains are often subject to extensive anthropogenic pollutant inputs and have prolonged times for pollutant degradation, potentially leading to diverse carbon emission patterns. This study explored carbon emission patterns and underlying mechanisms in Ge Lake and its tributaries, located in an urban area within a plain in China. The results revealed that carbon emissions
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Europa's Influence on the Jovian Energetic Electron Environment as Observed by Juno's Micro Advanced Stellar Compass Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 M. Herceg, J. L. Jørgensen, T. Denver, P. S. Jørgensen, M. Benn, J. E. P. Connerney, R. Fléron, B. Mauk, S. J. Bolton
The micro Advanced Stellar Compass is an attitude reference for the MAG investigation onboard Juno. The μASC camera head unit images the star field with a CCD that is also sensitive to particles with enough energy to pass through the camera shielding: >15 MeV electrons and >80 MeV protons. This provides the capability to monitor fluxes of high-energy particles in Jupiter’s magnetosphere. A survey of
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Machine Learning Predicts Earthquakes in the Continuum Model of a Rate-And-State Fault With Frictional Heterogeneities Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-27 Reiju Norisugi, Yoshihiro Kaneko, Bertrand Rouet-Leduc
Machine learning (ML) has been used to study the predictability of laboratory earthquakes. However, the question remains whether or not this approach can be applied in a tectonic setting where one may have to rely on sparse earthquake catalogs, and where important timescales vary by orders of magnitude. Here, we apply ML to a synthetic seismicity catalog, generated by continuum models of a rate-and-state
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Repeated and Long-Lasting Fault Activation on Amazonian Mars as Demonstrated by Tectonically Induced Landslides Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 S. Z. Woodley, P. Fawdon, M. R. Balme, D. A. Rothery
We identify and analyze a large shortening structure (surface expression of a thrust fault) in western Arabia Terra, Mars, exhibiting recent, repeated, and long-lasting tectonic activity. Where the fault system deforms Marsabit crater rim, four landslides with differing degradation states extend onto the crater floor. We propose these were triggered by episodic re-activation of the thrust system. Using
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Evidence of a Shallow Magma Reservoir Beneath Askja Caldera, Iceland, From Body Wave Tomography Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 J. Han, N. Rawlinson, T. Greenfield, R. S. White, B. Brandsdóttir, T. Winder, V. Drouin
In August 2021, Askja caldera switched to reinflation following ∼40 years of continuous deflation that was first measured some 20 years after its last eruption in 1961. Various lines of evidence, including from geodetic modeling, suggest that both the deflation and reinflation events are related to a shallow magma body. To better understand the subsurface plumbing system, we derive P-wave velocity
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Emergent Constraints on Future Projections of Tibetan Plateau Warming in Winter Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Shuzhen Hu, Lu Wang, Xiaolong Chen, Tianjun Zhou, Pang-Chi Hsu
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an area highly sensitive to climate change and is warming faster than the global average. The TP temperature change has a significant impact on the local ecological environment and the downstream weather and climate. The TP will undoubtedly warm in the future, but the warming extent is uncertain. Using the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 multi-model ensemble
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Storm-Driven pCO2 Feedback Weakens the Response of Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes in the Sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Tesha Toolsee, Sarah-Anne Nicholson, Pedro M. S. Monteiro
The sub-seasonal CO2 flux (FCO2) variability across the Southern Ocean is poorly understood due to sparse observations at the required temporal and spatial scales. Twinned surface and profiling gliders experiments were used to investigate how storms influence FCO2 through the air-sea gradient in partial pressure of CO2 (ΔpCO2) in the sub-Antarctic zone. Winter-spring storms caused ΔpCO2 to weaken (by