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Archaeal Hydroxylated Isoprenoid GDGTs in Asian Lake Sediments: A New Tool for Terrestrial Paleotemperature Reconstructions Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Jie Wu, Huan Yang, Caiming Shen, Liping Zhu, Yi Yang, Shucheng Xie
Hydroxylated isoprenoid GDGTs (OH-GDGTs) have emerged as a novel tool for reconstructing sea surface temperatures. However, when using marine OH-GDGT calibration in lacustrine settings, it leads to a significant overestimation of temperatures, emphasizing the necessity for a thorough examination of OH-GDGTs in lakes. Here, we investigated OH-GDGT distributions in surface sediments from 65 lakes in
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Enhanced Mineral Preservation Rather Than Microbial Residue Production Dictates the Accrual of Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon Along a Weathering Gradient Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Erxiong Zhu, Zongguang Liu, Lixiao Ma, Jianing Luo, Enze Kang, Ya Wang, Yunpeng Zhao, Juan Jia, Xiaojuan Feng
Mineral preservation and microbial residue production are vital for the accumulation of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) in soils. However, their relative importance and interactive effects remain unclear. Here MAOC content and composition are analyzed in tandem with soil mineral and microbial attributes along a weathering gradient on a volcanic soil sequence. We find that MAOC content increases
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How Currents Trigger Extreme Sea Waves. The Roles of Stokes Drift, Eulerian Return Flow, and a Background Flow in the Open Ocean Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Yan Li, Amin Chabchoub
A deterministic system of ocean surface waves and flow in the oceanic boundary layer is key to understanding the dynamics of the upper ocean. For the description of such complex systems, a higher-order shear-current modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation is newly derived and then used to physically interpret the interplay between Stokes drift, Eulerian return flow due to a passing wave group, and
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Global Magnetic Reconnection During Sustained Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind Driving Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 B. L. Burkholder, L.-J. Chen, M. Sarantos, D. J. Gershman, M. R. Argall, Y. Chen, C. Dong, F. D. Wilder, O. Le Contel, H. Gurram
When the solar wind speed falls below the local Alfvén speed, the magnetotail transforms into an Alfvén wing configuration. A Grid Agnostic Magnetohydrodynamics for Extended Research Applications (GAMERA) simulation of Earth's magnetosphere using solar wind parameters from the 24 April 2023 sub-Alfvénic interval is examined to reveal modifications of Dungey-type magnetotail reconnection during sustained
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Mars's Crustal and Volcanic Structure Explained by Southern Giant Impact and Resulting Mantle Depletion Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 K. W. Cheng, A. B. Rozel, G. J. Golabek, H. A. Ballantyne, M. Jutzi, P. J. Tackley
Mars features a crustal dichotomy, with its southern hemisphere covered by a thicker basaltic crust than its northern hemisphere. Additionally, the planet displays geologically recent volcanism only in its low latitude regions. Previous giant impact models coupled with simulations of mantle convection have shown that the crustal dichotomy can be explained by post-impact melt crystallization that emplaced
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Moisture Sources and Pathways of Annual Maximum Precipitation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Shuyu Zhang, Gengxi Zhang, Guoqing Gong, Thian Yew Gan, Deliang Chen, Junguo Liu
Recent extremely heavy precipitation has led to substantial economic losses and affected millions of residences in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB). This study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of the annual maximum precipitation (R1X) of the LMRB and identified the moisture sources and pathways conducive to R1Xs using a Lagrangian back trajectory model. Results show that India Ocean
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Sediment Freeze-On and Transport Near the Onset of a Fast-Flowing Glacier in East Antarctica Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Steven Franke, Michael Wolovick, Reinhard Drews, Daniela Jansen, Kenichi Matsuoka, Paul D. Bons
Understanding the material properties and physical conditions of basal ice is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of Antarctic ice-sheet dynamics. Yet, direct data are sparse and difficult to acquire. Here, we employ ultra-wideband radar to map high-backscatter zones near the glacier bed within East Antarctica's Jutulstraumen drainage basin. Our backscatter analysis reveals that the basal ice
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Thermoelastic Properties of Fe3+-Rich Jeffbenite and Application to Superdeep Diamond Barometry Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Fei Qin, Fei Wang, Joseph R. Smyth, Dongzhou Zhang, Jingui Xu, Steven D. Jacobsen
Jeffbenite (Mg3Al2Si3O12) is a tetragonal phase found in so far only in superdeep diamonds, and its thermoelastic parameters are a prerequisite for determining entrapment pressures as it is regarded as a potential indicator for superdeep diamonds. In this study, the thermoelastic properties of synthetic Fe3+-jeffbenite were measured up to 33.7 GPa and 750 K. High-temperature static compression data
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Inferring Global Ocean Mass Increase From Tide Gauges Network With Climate Models Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Dapeng Mu, Ruhui Huang, Tianhe Xu, Haoming Yan
Ocean mass increase contributes to global sea level rise, and plays an important role in understanding climate change. Here, we develop a data assimilation approach that enables the inference of ocean mass increase from global tide gauge network. This approach incorporates outputs from climate models and sea level fingerprints caused by water mass changes over land areas. The results suggest a trend
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Effects of Mid-Latitude Oceanic Fronts on the Middle Atmosphere Through Upward Propagating Atmospheric Waves Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Y. Kawatani, H. Nakamura, S. Watanabe, K. Sato
The impact of mid-latitude oceanic frontal zones with sharp meridional sea-surface temperature (SST) gradients on the middle atmosphere circulation during austral winter is investigated by comparing two idealized experiments with a high-top gravity wave (GW) permitting general circulation model. Control run is performed with realistic frontal SST gradients, which are artificially smoothed in no-front
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The Unprecedented 2023 North China Heatwaves and Their S2S Predictability Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Huiwen Xiao, Peiqiang Xu, Lin Wang
This study unravels the characteristics, mechanisms, and predictability of four consecutive record-breaking heatwaves hitting North China in June and July 2023. The first three heatwaves primarily influenced the northern part of North China and were accompanied by consistent anticyclonic anomalies in the upper troposphere. The anomalous anticyclone was caused by the British–Baikal corridor teleconnection
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Generalizing Tree–Level Sap Flow Across the European Continent Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Ralf Loritz, Chen Huan Wu, Daniel Klotz, Martin Gauch, Frederik Kratzert, Maoya Bassiouni
Sap flow offers key insights about transpiration dynamics and forest-climate interactions. Accurately simulating sap flow remains challenging due to measurement uncertainties and interactions between global and local environmental controls. Addressing these complexities, this study leveraged Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) with SAPFLUXNET to predict hourly tree-level sap flow across Europe
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Slow Slip Events in New Zealand: Irregular, yet Predictable? Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 S. Truttmann, T. Poulet, L. Wallace, M. Herwegh, M. Veveakis
Current earthquake forecasting approaches are mainly based on probabilistic assumptions, as earthquakes seem to occur randomly. Such apparent randomness can however be caused by deterministic chaos, rendering deterministic short-term forecasts possible. Due to the short historical and instrumental record of earthquakes, chaos detection has proven challenging, but more frequently occurring slow slip
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The Impact of Serial Cyclone Clustering on Extremely High Sea Levels in the Baltic Sea Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Mika Rantanen, Daan van den Broek, Joona Cornér, Victoria A. Sinclair, Milla M. Johansson, Jani Särkkä, Terhi K. Laurila, Kirsti Jylhä
In the Baltic Sea, sea level variations are often very pronounced. During the winter season, storm surges caused by strong extratropical cyclones (ETCs) can have major societal impacts on coastal cities. In this study, using reanalysis-based cyclone tracks and in-situ tide gauge records, we show that serial cyclone clustering (SCC) leads to higher sea levels in the Baltic Sea than situations where
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Evaluation of Particle Scattering by Oxygen Ion Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Fei Yao, Kaijun Liu, Xiongdong Yu, Zhigang Yuan, Yan Wang, Kyungguk Min
The scattering of charged particles by oxygen ion cyclotron harmonic (OCH) waves in the inner magnetosphere is investigated by evaluating the relevant quasi-linear diffusion coefficients. Recent studies demonstrated that OCH waves are oxygen ion Bernstein modes and their complex kinetic dispersion relation has made it challenging to assess their role in scattering charged particles. The present study
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Impact of Direct Radar Reflectivity Data Assimilation on the Simulation of Mesoscale Descending Inflow and Secondary Eyewall Formation in Hurricane Matthew (2016) Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Tsung-Han Li, Xuguang Wang, Xu Lu
The impact of assimilating ground-based radar reflectivity on the rainband structure and secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of Hurricane Matthew (2016) is investigated within the framework of the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model and its hybrid three-dimensional ensemble-variational data assimilation (DA) system. Compared to the control experiment (no radar reflectivity DA), the radar
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Assessment of a New Global Ocean Reanalysis in ENSO Predictions With NOAA UFS Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jieshun Zhu, Wanqiu Wang, Arun Kumar, Yanyun Liu, David DeWitt
As an update on the current NOAA/NCEP operational ocean reanalysis systems, a new system named GLobal Ocean Reanalysis (GLORe) is recently built up based on the JEDI-SOCA 3DVar scheme. In this study, the quality of GLORe is assessed in initializing ENSO predictions using the NOAA Unified Forecast System (UFS). In details, initialized by GLORe, 9-month ensemble hindcasts are conducted from each May/November
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Quantifying ENSOs Impact on Australia's Regional Monthly Rainfall Risk Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Shayne McGregor, Ailie Gallant, Peter van Rensch
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is considered an important driver of rainfall variability in Australia, amongst many other global locations. Despite knowledge of the expected modulation of seasonal rainfall by ENSO, there is no consistently used method to quantify the role that specific ENSO events play in driving the observed anomalous rainfall. In this manuscript we adapt the Fraction of
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Linking Future Tropical Precipitation Changes to Zonally-Asymmetric Large-Scale Meridional Circulation Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Dana Raiter, Eli Galanti, Rei Chemke, Yohai Kaspi
Projected tropical precipitation changes by the end of the century include increased net precipitation over the Pacific Ocean and drying over the Indian Ocean, prompting ongoing debate about the underlying mechanisms. Previous studies argued for the importance of the zonal circulation in the longitudinally dependent tropical precipitation response, as the meridional circulation is often defined and
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Long-Term Variability of Mars' Exosphere Density Based on Precise Orbital Analysis of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 J. M. Forbes, S. L. Bruinsma, X. Zhang, J.-C. Marty, S. Laurens
The variability of Mars exosphere over monthly to solar-cycle scales at 251 and 412 km altitude is quantified by analysis of 41-Ls mean densities derived from precise orbit determination of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and Mars Odyssey (MO) satellites, respectively. The data encompass 2006–2020 (MRO) and 2002–2020 (MO). At both altitudes, most of the variance is captured by cos(Ls–ϕ), where
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Regime Shifts in Lake Oxygen and Temperature in the Rapidly Warming High Arctic Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yohanna Klanten, Sally MacIntyre, Cameron Fitzpatrick, Warwick F. Vincent, Dermot Antoniades
Global warming is destabilizing the cryosphere, with consequences for glaciers, permafrost, sea ice and lake ice. Polar lakes have short ice-free seasons, and small changes in ice cover duration have the potential to provoke alterations to ecosystem structure. However, these lakes are understudied, and the consequences for mixing regimes, thermal structures and biogeochemical processes remain unclear
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On the Inner-Core Differential-Rotation (Un)Resolvability From Earthquake Doublets: The Traps of Data Selection Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Hrvoje Tkalčić
The phenomenon of differential rotation of the Earth's inner core relative to the mantle is a subject of interest in geodynamo modeling that has been validated by seismological observations, mainly via the earthquake-doublets method. Although recent studies converge on the time-varying differential rotation of the inner core relative to the mantle, favoring a decadal variation, the inferred models
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Influence of Subsurface Critical Zone Structure on Hydrological Partitioning in Mountainous Headwater Catchments Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Hang Chen, Qifei Niu, James P. McNamara, Alejandro N. Flores
Headwater catchments play a vital role in regional water supply and ecohydrology, and a quantitative understanding of the hydrological partitioning in these catchments is critically needed, particularly under a changing climate. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of subsurface critical zone (CZ) structure in modulating the partitioning of precipitation in mountainous catchments; however
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Characteristics of Station-Derived Convective Cold Pools Over Equatorial Africa Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Jannik Hoeller, Jan O. Haerter, Nicolas A. Da Silva
Due to their potential role in organizing tropical mesoscale convective systems, a better understanding of cold pool (CP) dynamics in such regions is critical, particularly over land where the diurnal cycle further concentrates convective activity. Numerical models help disentangle the processes involved but often lack observational benchmarks. To close this gap, we analyze nearly 43 years of five-minute
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High-Resolution Intrashell Oxygen Isotope Studies of Cathaica fasciola and Bradybaena ravida Land Snails and Their Environmental Implications Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Qianya Li, Jibao Dong, Hong Yan, Huayu Huang, Xiulan Zong, Guozhen Wang, Chengcheng Liu, Yunning Cao, Weiguo Liu, Zhisheng An
Intrashell oxygen isotope (δ18Os) analyses of terrestrial snails have been carried out over two decades. However, the intraspecies/interspecies differences are not yet well understood. Here, we conducted a high-resolution intrashell δ18Os study on 43 shells from Cathaica fasciola and Bradybaena ravida, and 1449 δ18Os data were obtained. These large amounts of data demonstrate the reproducibility of
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Elevation Anomalies of the Volcanic Floor Unit and Their Relationships to the Multiple Lakes of Jezero Crater, Mars Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 A. M. Annex, B. L. Ehlmann
We reassessed several orbital topographic data sets for the Perseverance rover landing site at Jezero Crater, Mars to better understand its floor units. Tens-of-meters deep topographic anomalies occur in the volcanic floor of Jezero crater and are not a result of impact cratering. Eight km-scale steep escarpment-bounded depressions may be locations of paleotopographic highs that were embayed by the
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Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Dirk Olonscheck, Maria Rugenstein
A realistic representation of top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiation response to surface warming is key for trusting climate model projections. We show that coupled models with freely evolving ocean-atmosphere interactions systematically underestimate the observed global TOA radiation trend during 2001–2022 in 552 simulations. Locally, even if a simulation spontaneously reproduces observed surface temperature
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Vertical Velocity Diagnosed From Surface Data With Machine Learning Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Jing He, Amala Mahadevan
Submesoscale vertical velocities, w, are important for the oceanic transport of heat and biogeochemical properties, but observing w is challenging. New remote sensing technologies of horizontal surface velocity at O(1) km resolution can resolve surface submesoscale dynamics and offer promise for diagnosing w subsurface. Using machine learning models, we examine relationships between the three-dimensional
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Depth Dependent Dynamics Explain the Equatorial Jet Difference Between Jupiter and Saturn Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Keren Duer, Eli Galanti, Yohai Kaspi
Jupiter's equatorial eastward zonal flows reach wind velocities of ∼100 m s−1, while on Saturn they are three times as strong and extend about twice as wide in latitude, despite the two planets being overall dynamically similar. Recent gravity measurements obtained by the Juno and Cassini spacecraft uncovered that the depth of zonal flows on Saturn is about three times greater than on Jupiter. Here
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How Does the Southern Annular Mode Control Surface Melt in East Antarctica? Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Dominic Saunderson, Andrew N. Mackintosh, Felicity S. McCormack, Richard S. Jones, Christiaan T. van Dalum
Surface melt in East Antarctica is strongly correlated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index, but the spatiotemporal variability of the relationship, and the physical processes responsible for it, have not been examined. Here, using melt flux estimates and climate variables from the RACMO2.3p3 regional climate model, we show that a decreasing SAM index is associated with increased melt in Dronning
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Wildfire Smoke Directly Changes Biogenic Volatile Organic Emissions and Photosynthesis of Ponderosa Pines Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 M. Riches, T. C. Berg, M. P. Vermeuel, Dylan B. Millet, D. K. Farmer
Wildfires are increasing across the USA. While smoke events affect human exposure and air quality, wildfire smoke effects on ecosystem-atmosphere interactions are poorly understood. We investigate smoke effects on biogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and photosynthesis for ponderosa pines. During several wildfire smoke events, we observed photosynthetic reduction with evidence for stomatal
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Issue Information Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-11
No abstract is available for this article.
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CS2 Cycling in Seawater: Dark Production and UV Light Driven Consumption Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 S. T. Lennartz, H. Simon, D. Booge, L. Zhou, C. Marandino
Carbon disulfide (CS2) has recently gained attention as an important precursor for the atmospheric trace gas carbonyl sulfide (OCS), which delivers sulfur to the stratospheric sulfur layer and impacts the radiative budget of the Earth. CS2 is naturally produced in the ocean and emitted to the atmosphere. However, the magnitude of its marine emissions is only poorly constrained due to lacking understanding
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Reconstruction of 3D DPR Observations Using GMI Radiances Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Yunfan Yang, Wei Han, Haofei Sun, Hejun Xie, Zhiqiu Gao
Three-dimensional global precipitation observation is crucial for understanding climate and weather dynamics. While spaceborne precipitation radars provide precise but limited observations, passive microwave imagers are available much more frequently. In this study, we propose a deep learning approach to reconstruct active radar observations using passive microwave radiances. We introduce the Hybrid
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New Magnetotelluric Data Reveal Deep Fault Boundaries and Contrasting Late Cenozoic Fault Kinematics Between the Qilian Shan Thrust Wedge and Beishan-Alxa Block, Western China Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Haibo Yang, Xiangyu Sun, Yan Zhan, Xiaoping Yang, Dickson Cunningham, Lingqiang Zhao, Yuqi Zuo
The structural connectivity and kinematic relationship between the Altyn Tagh sinistral strike-slip fault (ATF) and Qilian Shan fold-and-thrust belt along the north Tibetan margin east of 96°E is an important question for tectonicists interested in the evolving active deformation field of Central Asia and associated earthquake hazards of China's Hexi Corridor region. New results from a detailed 130-km-long
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Byrd Ice Core Debris Constrains the Sediment Provenance Signature of Central West Antarctica Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 J. W. Marschalek, P.-H. Blard, E. Sarigulyan, W. Ehrmann, S. R. Hemming, S. N. Thomson, C.-D. Hillenbrand, K. Licht, J.-L. Tison, L. Ardoin, F. Fripiat, C. S. Allen, Y. Marrocchi, M. J. Siegert, T. van de Flierdt
Provenance records from sediments deposited offshore of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) can help identify past major ice retreat, thus constraining ice-sheet models projecting future sea-level rise. Interpretations from such records are, however, hampered by the ice obscuring Antarctica's geology. Here, we explore central West Antarctica's subglacial geology using basal debris from within the Byrd
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Particulate Nitrate Photolysis as a Possible Driver of Rising Tropospheric Ozone Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Viral Shah, Christoph A. Keller, K. Emma Knowland, Amy Christiansen, Lu Hu, Haolin Wang, Xiao Lu, Becky Alexander, Daniel J. Jacob
Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas whose anthropogenic production is limited principally by the supply of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion. Tropospheric ozone in the northern hemisphere has been rising despite the flattening of NOx emissions in recent decades. Here we propose that this sustained increase could result from the photolysis of nitrate particles (pNO3−) to
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Unraveling the Role of Vegetation CO2 Physiological Forcing on Climate Zone Shifts in China Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Mingzhu He, Jiangpeng Cui, Qian Zhang, Lili Li, Ling Huang, Songbai Hong
Increasing atmospheric CO2 causes substantial spatial and seasonal changes in air temperature and precipitation through its radiative (RAD) and vegetation physiological (PHY) effects. However, it remains poorly understood on how these two effects impact the integrated climate zone shifts over China. Here, we disentangle the RAD and PHY effects on the shifts of Köppen-Geiger climate zones from pre-industrial
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The Climatology of Mars Thermospheric Polar Warming at Aphelion Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Edward M. B. Thiemann, Loïc Trompet, Stephen W. Bougher, Erdal Yiğit, Federico Gasperini, Luca Montabone, Francisco Gonzalez-Galindo, Francis G. Eparvier, Anne-Carine Vandaele
Thermospheric polar warming (TPW) is observed conclusively for the first time at Mars during the aphelion/Northern Summer season using solar occultation (SO) measurements made by the Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor (EUVM) onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) orbiter. Aphelion data from Mars Year (MY) 33–36 are analyzed revealing TPW to be present at dawn but not dusk. This is consistent
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The Energetic Oxygen Ion Beams in the Martian Magnetotail Current Sheets: Hints From the Comparisons Between Two Types of Current Sheets Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Chi Zhang, Zhaojin Rong, Xinzhou Li, Markus Fränz, Hans Nilsson, Riku Jarvinen, Moa Persson, Yoshifumi Futaana, Chuanfei Dong, Masatoshi Yamauchi, Jiawei Gao, Yijia Zhou, Lei Wang, Zhen Shi, Yong Wei, Fei He, Mats Holmström, Stas Barabash
Using data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, we explore the plasma properties of Martian magnetotail current sheets (CS), to further understand the solar wind interaction with Mars and ion escape. There are some CS exhibit energetic oxygen ions that show narrow beam structures in the energy spectrum, which primarily occurs in the hemisphere where the solar wind electric
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Mesoscale Meridional Heat Transport Inferred From Sea Surface Observations Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Yanxu Chen, Lisan Yu
The ocean regulates the Earth's climate by transporting heat from the equator to the poles. Here, we use satellite-based sea surface observations of air-sea heat fluxes and eddy detection to investigate the mesoscale heat transport. “Mesoscale” refers to both the Eulerian perspective as the spatio-temporal scales of ∼100 km and ∼1 month, as well as the Lagrangian aspect as isolated vortices identified
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Changes in External Forcings Drive Divergent AMOC Responses Across CESM Generations Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Michael R. Needham, Douglas D. Falter, David A. Randall
It has been suggested that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in many CMIP6 models is overly sensitive to anthropogenic aerosol forcing, and it has been proposed that this is due to the inclusion of aerosol indirect effects for the first time in many CMIP6 models. We analyze the AMOC response in a newly released ensemble of simulations performed with CESM2 forced by the CMIP5 input
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Annual 10Be Record for 1510–1701 CE Obtained From Endogenic Travertine at Baishuitai, China: A New Proxy Record of Annual Solar Activity Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Hongyang Xu, Hiroko Miyahara, Kazuho Horiuchi, Hiroyuki Matsuzaki, Xi Zhao, Hailing Gan, Weijun Luo, Michael E. Meadows, Xiangmin Zheng, Limin Zhou
The 10Be record in laminated travertines is a potential proxy for reconstructing past solar activity down to the annual scale; however, correcting for the potential influence of climatic or environmental variations remains challenging. Here, we present an annually resolved 10Be record using travertines from Baishuitai, China, covering the period from 1510 to 1701 CE, along with environmental proxies
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Tilting-Axis Anisotropic Tomography and Subduction Dynamics of the Java-Banda Arc Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Fan Xie, Zewei Wang, Dapeng Zhao, Rui Gao, Xiaofei Chen
The 180° curvature of the Banda arc at the eastern end of the Java-Banda subduction zone reflects complicated geodynamic processes. A detailed investigation of its anisotropic structure would reveal its subduction dynamics, further resolving the controversial issue on how the highly arcuate Banda arc formed. We apply tilting-axis anisotropic tomography to obtain a high-resolution 3-D anisotropic model
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Optical Characterization of Marine Aerosols Using a Morphologically Realistic Model With Varying Water Content: Implications for Lidar Applications and Passive Polarimetric Remote Sensing Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 M. Kahnert, F. Kanngießer
Retrieving the physical properties and water content of marine aerosols requires understanding the links between the particles' optical and microphysical properties. By using a morphologically realistic model with varying salt mass fractions fm, describing the transition from irregularly shaped, dry salt crystals to brine-coated geometries, optical properties relevant to polarimetric remote sensing
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Thermal Conductivity of MgSiO3-H2O System Determined by Machine Learning Potentials Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Yihang Peng, Jie Deng
Thermal conductivity plays a pivotal role in understanding the dynamics and evolution of Earth's interior. The Earth's lower mantle is dominated by MgSiO3 polymorphs which may incorporate trace amounts of water. However, the thermal conductivity of MgSiO3-H2O binary system remains poorly understood. Here, we calculate the thermal conductivity of water-free and water-bearing bridgmanite, post-perovskite
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Transient Offset in 14C After the Carrington Event Recorded by Polar Tree Rings Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Joonas Uusitalo, Kseniia Golubenko, Laura Arppe, Nicolas Brehm, Thomas Hackman, Hisashi Hayakawa, Samuli Helama, Kenichiro Mizohata, Fusa Miyake, Harri Mäkinen, Pekka Nöjd, Eija Tanskanen, Fuyuki Tokanai, Eugene Rozanov, Lukas Wacker, Ilya Usoskin, Markku Oinonen
The Carrington event of 1859 has been the strongest solar flare in the observational history. It plays a crucial role in shedding light on the frequency and impacts of the past and future Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events on human societies. We address the impact of the Carrington event by measuring tree-ring 14C with multiple replications from high-latitude locations around the event and by comparing
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Urbanization Further Intensifies Short-Duration Rainfall Extremes in a Warmer Climate Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Haochen Yan, Yao Gao, Robert Wilby, Dapeng Yu, Nigel Wright, Jie Yin, Xunlai Chen, Ji Chen, Mingfu Guan
Intensification of short-duration rainfall extremes contributes to increased urban flood risk. Yet, it remains unclear how upper-tail rainfall statistics could change with regional warming. Here, we characterize the non-stationarity of rainfall extremes over durations of 1–24 hr for the rapidly developing coastal megalopolis of the Greater Bay Area, China. Using high-resolution, multi-source, merged
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Impact of MJO Propagation Speed on Active Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity Periods Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Kurt A. Hansen, Matthew A. Janiga, Sharanya J. Majumdar, Benjamin P. Kirtman
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is often used for subseasonal forecasting of tropical cyclone (TC) activity. However, TC activity still has considerable variability even given the state of the MJO. This study evaluates the connection between MJO propagation speed with Atlantic TC activity and possible physical mechanisms guiding this relation. We find the Atlantic sees the highest accumulated cyclone
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Simulating the Volcanic Sulfate Aerosols From the 1991 Eruption of Cerro Hudson and Their Impact on the 1991 Ozone Hole Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Parker A. Case, Peter R. Colarco, O. Brian Toon, Paul A. Newman
The Chilean volcano Cerro Hudson erupted between August 8th and 15th, 1991, injecting between 1.7 and 2.9 Tg of SO2 into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. We simulate this injection using the Goddard Earth Observing System Earth system model with detailed sulfur chemistry and sectional aerosol microphysics, focusing on the resulting aerosols and their contribution to the 1991 Antarctic
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Resonant Plasma Acceleration at Jupiter Driven by Satellite-Magnetosphere Interactions Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Y. Sarkango, J. R. Szalay, A. H. Sulaiman, P. A. Damiano, D. J. McComas, J. Rabia, P. A. Delamere, J. Saur, G. Clark, R. W. Ebert, F. Allegrini
The Juno spacecraft had previously observed intense high frequency wave emission, broadband electron and energetic proton energy distributions within magnetic flux tubes connected to Io, Europa, Ganymede, and their wakes. In this work, we report consistent enhancements in <46 keV energy proton fluxes during these satellite flux tube transit intervals. We find enhanced fluxes at discrete energies linearly
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Localized Magnetopause Erosion at Geosynchronous Orbit by Reconnection Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Hyangpyo Kim, Rumi Nakamura, Hyunju K. Connor, Ying Zou, Ferdinand Plaschke, Niklas Grimmich, Brian M. Walsh, Kathryn A. McWilliams, J. Michael Ruohoniemi
This study presents observations of magnetopause reconnection and erosion at geosynchronous orbit, utilizing in situ satellite measurements and remote sensing ground-based instruments. During the main phase of a geomagnetic storm, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) 15 was on the dawnside of the dayside magnetopause (10.6 MLT) and observed significant magnetopause erosion, while
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Northward Extension of East Asian Summer Monsoon Since the Miocene Set by the Uplift of Tibetan Plateau Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Linqiang He, Tianjun Zhou, Zhun Guo, Meng Zuo, Zikun Ren, Xiaolong Chen, Bo Wu, Liwei Zou, Lixia Zhang, Wenmin Man, Jie Jiang
The modern East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) features an extension from tropical to subtropical areas. However, the fundamental process that determines the northward extension of EASM in the geological history remains unclear. Here, we showed evidence from proxy data, climate modeling, and theoretical solutions that the northward extension of EASM to today's boundary emerged no later than the Miocene
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Two-Dimensional Hybrid Simulation of the Second-Harmonic Generation of EMIC Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Zuxiang Xue, Zhigang Yuan, Xiongdong Yu, Dan Deng
Two-dimensional (2-D) hybrid model is developed to investigate the second harmonic (SH) generation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. Applying the singular value decomposition method to simulated fields, we show that the SH exhibits wave properties analogous to typical EMIC waves generated by ion cyclotron instabilities, that is, left-hand polarization and small wave normal angle. However
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Quantifying the Relative Contributions of the Global Oceans to ENSO Predictability With Deep Learning Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Tang Li, Youmin Tang, Tao Lian, Anfeng Hu
We propose a unified statistical method based on deep learning and analysis to quantify the relative contributions of the global oceans to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictability. By incorporating subsurface signals in the Indian Ocean and Atlantic, the forecast lead can be skillfully extended by about one season. This skill enhancement mainly originates from the tropical Indian Ocean, presumably
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Summer Deep Depressions Increase Over the Eastern North Atlantic Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Fabio D'Andrea, Jean-Philippe Duvel, Gwendal Rivière, Robert Vautard, Christophe Cassou, Julien Cattiaux, Dim Coumou, Davide Faranda, Tamara Happé, Aglaé Jézéquel, Aurelien Ribes, Pascal Yiou
Mid-tropospheric deep depressions in summer over the North Atlantic are shown to have strongly increased in the eastern and strongly decreased in the western North Atlantic region. This evolution is linked to a change in baroclinicity in the west of the North Atlantic ocean and over the North American coast, likely due to the increased surface temperature there. Deep depressions in the Eastern North
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Spring Irrigation Reduces the Frequency and Intensity of Summer Extreme Heat Events in the North China Plain Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Guoshuai Liu, Weiguang Wang, Hui Xu
Irrigation has distinct impacts on extreme temperatures. Due to the carryover effect of soil moisture into other seasons, temperature impacts of irrigation are not limited to irrigated seasons. Focusing on the North China Plain, where irrigation occurs in both spring (March-April-May) and summer (June-July-August), with a higher proportion of irrigation water applied during spring, we investigate the
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The Impact of Rotation on Tropical Climate, the Hydrologic Cycle, and Climate Sensitivity Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Levi G. Silvers, Alyssa M. Stansfield, Kevin A. Reed
This work explores the impact of rotation on tropical convection and climate. As our starting point, we use the RCEMIP experiments as control simulations and run additional simulations with rotation. Compared to radiative convective equilibrium (RCE) experiments, rotating RCE (RRCE) experiments have a more stable and humid atmosphere with higher precipitation rates. The intensity of the overturning
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Hybrid Simulation of Magnetosheath Jet-Driven Bow Waves Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Junyi Ren, Quanming Lu, Xinliang Gao, Michael Gedalin, Huixuan Qiu, Desheng Han, Rongsheng Wang
High-speed jets (HSJs) are commonly observed in the Earth's magnetosheath. The HSJs can drive shock-like bow waves when compressing the ambient plasma, which are important for the HSJ's evolution and the energization of charged particles. Here we present the first two-dimensional hybrid simulation of the formation and evolution of jet-driven bow waves. The simulated bow waves exhibit localized enhanced
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Geophysical Responses to an Environmentally-Boosted Volcanic Unrest Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 5.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 L. De Siena, A. Amoruso, S. Petrosino, L. Crescentini
The spatiotemporal relationship between geophysical, environmental, and geochemical responses during volcanic unrest is essentially unknown, making their joint use and interpretation for eruption forecasting challenging. Here, Empirical Orthogonal Functions analysis applied to GPS data allows the separation of the dominant deep-sourced inflation from environmentally controlled signals associated with