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How Has the Ferrel Cell Contributed to the Maintenance of Antarctic Sea Ice at Low Levels From 2016 to 2022? Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Shaoyin Wang, Jiping Liu, Zixin Wei, Dongxia Yang, Hua Li, Suoyi Ding, Fengming Hui, Xiao Cheng
This study investigates the specific circulation anomalies that have sustained the low Antarctic sea ice state since 2016. Firstly, we find a significant strengthening and southward shift in the Ferrel Cell (FC) during 2016–2022, resulting in a marked increase in southward transport of heat and moisture. Secondly, this enhanced FC is closely associated with a stronger mid-latitude wave pattern. This
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Reinterpreting ENSO's Role in Modulating Impactful Precipitation Events in California Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Kristen Guirguis, Benjamin Hatchett, Alexander Gershunov, Michael DeFlorio, Rachel Clemesha, W. Tyler Brandt, Kayden Haleakala, Christopher Castellano, Rosa Luna Niño, Alexander Tardy, Michael Anderson, F. Martin Ralph
Water years (WY) 2017 and 2023 were anomalously wet for California, each alleviating multiyear drought. In both cases, this was unexpected given La Niña conditions, with most seasonal forecasts favoring drier-than-normal winters. We analyze over seven decades of precipitation and snow records along with mid-tropospheric circulation to identify recurring weather patterns driving California precipitation
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Earth's Alfvén Wings Driven by the April 2023 Coronal Mass Ejection Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Li-Jen Chen, Daniel Gershman, Brandon Burkholder, Yuxi Chen, Menelaos Sarantos, Lan Jian, James Drake, Chuanfei Dong, Harsha Gurram, Jason Shuster, Daniel B. Graham, Olivier Le Contel, Steven J. Schwartz, Stephen Fuselier, Hadi Madanian, Craig Pollock, Haoming Liang, Matthew Argall, Richard E. Denton, Rachel Rice, Jason Beedle, Kevin Genestreti, Akhtar Ardakani, Adam Stanier, Ari Le, Jonathan Ng, Naoki
We report a rare regime of Earth's magnetosphere interaction with sub-Alfvénic solar wind in which the windsock-like magnetosphere transforms into one with Alfvén wings. In the magnetic cloud of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) on 24 April 2023, NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale mission distinguishes the following features: (a) unshocked and accelerated low-beta CME plasma coming directly against Earth's
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Special Particle Precipitation Signatures Over Giant Auroral Undulations During the 7 September 2015 Geomagnetic Storm Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Yi-Jia Zhou, Fei He, Xiao-Xin Zhang, Yong-Liang Zhang, Libo Liu, Zhong-Hua Yao, Zhaojin Rong, Yong Wei
Giant undulations (GUs) have been well established to be the optical manifestation of the plasmapause surface wave (PSW) where the wave-particle interactions provide particle sources to generate auroras. However, their detailed particles precipitation signatures in the ionosphere remain unclear. Here we analyze multi-satellite conjugated observations in the ionosphere during a prominent GUs event,
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Magnesium Isotopes Archive the Initial Carbonate Abundances of Metasedimentary Rocks Prior to Thermal Decarbonation Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Qingshang Shi, Yongsheng He, Zhidan Zhao, Franco Rolfo, Chiara Groppo, Nigel Harris, Hongjie Wu, Ningyuan Qi, Shan Ke
Investigating the carbonate preservation efficiency (CPE) of continental crust is crucial to understand the global carbon cycle, which requires constraints on initial carbonate abundances (ICAs) of crustal rocks. To link Mg isotopes to ICAs, we present elemental and Mg isotopic data for Himalayan carbonate-bearing and carbonate-free metasedimentary rocks. Given no evident melt extraction or external-fluid
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Contribution of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Diversity to Low-Frequency Changes in ENSO Variance Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Jakob Schlör, Felix Strnad, Antonietta Capotondi, Bedartha Goswami
El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) diversity is characterized based on the longitudinal location of maximum sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and amplitude in the tropical Pacific, as Central Pacific events are typically weaker than Eastern Pacific events. SSTA pattern and intensity undergo low-frequency modulations, affecting ENSO prediction skill and remote impacts, and resulting in low-frequency
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Implications of Variability and Trends in Coastal Extreme Water Levels Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 William V. Sweet, Ayesha S. Genz, Melisa Menendez, John J. Marra, Jayantha Obeysekera
Probabilities of coastal extreme water levels (EWLs) are increasing as sea levels rise. Using a time-dependent statistical model on tide gauge data along U.S. and Pacific Basin coastlines, we show that EWL probability distributions also shift on an annual basis from climate forcing and long-period tidal cycles. In some regions, combined variability (>15 cm) can be as large or larger than the amount
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Evidence for Glaciovolcanic, Phreatomagmatic Tuff Dominated Ridges at Pavonis Mons, Mars Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Kathleen E. Scanlon, W. Brent Garry, James W. Head
HiRISE images and digital elevation models (DEMs) of outcrops in candidate Martian glaciovolcanoes provide more detailed evidence for glaciovolcanic processes than has previously been available for Mars. A group of ridges in the Pavonis Mons fan-shaped glacial deposit features pervasive layering, evidence for local collapse and slumping, and steeper faces in the direction of paleoglacier flow inferred
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Observational Limitations to the Emergence of Climate Signals Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-20 Louis Rivoire, Marianna Linz, Jingyuan Li
Using model projections to study the emergence of observable climate signals presumes omniscient knowledge about the climate system. In reality, observational knowledge suffers from data quality and availability issues, for instance data gaps, changes in instrumentation, issues due to gridding and retrieval algorithms. Overlooking such deficiencies leads to misrepresentations of the time of emergence
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Role of Salinity Barrier Layers and Westerly Wind Anomalies on Atlantic Niño Events Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Xiao Ma, Hailong Liu
Previous studies have confirmed the diverse spatiotemporal characteristics of Atlantic Niño events. Our research further reveals the crucial preparatory role of equatorial western Atlantic barrier layers (BL) and the triggering effect of westerly wind bursts (WWB) on different varieties of Atlantic Niño. Strong easterly winds typically facilitate the formation of thick BL by deepening isothermal layer
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Lagrangian Decomposition of the Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport at 26.5°N Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Oliver J. Tooth, Nicholas P. Foukal, William E. Johns, Helen L. Johnson, Chris Wilson
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a critical role in the global climate system through the redistribution of heat, freshwater and carbon. At 26.5°N, the meridional heat transport has traditionally been partitioned geometrically into vertical and horizontal circulation cells; however, attributing these components to the AMOC and Subtropical Gyre (STG) flow structures remains
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The Varied Role of Atmospheric Rivers in Arctic Snow Depth Variations Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Haili Li, Chang-Qing Ke, Xiaoyi Shen, Qinghui Zhu, Yu Cai, Lanhua Luo
The state and fate of snow on sea ice are crucial in the mass and energy balance of sea ice. The function of atmospheric rivers (ARs) on snow depth over sea ice has not been measured thus far, limiting the understanding of the mechanism of snow depth changes. Here, the effect of ARs on snow depth changes was explored. We found that increased AR frequency is responsible for winter-autumn snow accumulation
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Seismic Azimuthal Anisotropy Beneath the Alaska Subduction Zone Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Chuanming Liu, Anne F. Sheehan, Michael H. Ritzwoller
We estimate depth-dependent azimuthal anisotropy and shear wave velocity structure beneath the Alaska subduction zone by the inversion of a new Rayleigh wave dispersion dataset from 8 to 85 s period. We present a layered azimuthal anisotropy model from the forearc region offshore to the subduction zone onshore. In the forearc crust, we find a trench-parallel pattern in the Semidi and Kodiak segments
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How Do Climate Model Resolution and Atmospheric Moisture Affect the Simulation of Unprecedented Extreme Events Like the 2021 Western North American Heat Wave? Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Xue Liu, Ramalingam Saravanan, Dan Fu, Ping Chang, Christina M. Patricola, Travis A. O’Brien
Although the 2021 Western North America (WNA) heat wave was predicted by weather forecast models, questions remain about whether such strong events can be simulated by global climate models (GCMs) at different model resolutions. Here, we analyze sets of GCM simulations including historical and future periods to check for the occurrence of similar events. High- and low-resolution simulations both encounter
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Electrical Resistivity Changes During Heating Experiments Unravel Heterogeneous Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical Processes in Salt Formations Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Hang Chen, Jiannan Wang, Linqing Luo, Shawn Otto, Jon Davis, Kristopher L. Kuhlman, Yuxin Wu
Rock salt is considered a suitable medium for the permanent disposal of heat-generating radioactive waste due to its isolation properties. However, excavation damage and heating induce complex and heterogeneous thermal-hydrological-mechanical (THM) processes across different zones. Quantifying this heterogeneity is crucial for accurate long-term performance assessment models, but traditional methods
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Investigation of Oil Well Blowouts Triggered by Wastewater Injection in the Permian Basin, USA Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Vamshi Karanam, Zhong Lu, Jin-Woo Kim
Aged hydrocarbon wells, if proper care is not ensured, can crack, get corroded, and leak subsurface fluids. Permian Basin in Texas, home to thousands of such wells, has seen numerous blowouts and wastewater leaks. Our study employs surface deformation derived from satellite observations, and injection well records to investigate these events. The results reveal an over-pressurized wastewater aquifer
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Obliquity Pacing of Deep Pacific Carbonate Chemistry During the Plio-Pleistocene Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-20 Bingbin Qin, Zhifang Xiong, Thomas J. Algeo, Qi Jia, Dirk Nürnberg, Tiegang Li
Reconstruction of the seawater carbonate system is essential for an improved understanding of glacial-interglacial oceanic carbon cycling and climate change. However, continuous high-resolution ocean carbonate chemistry data are generally lacking for the Plio-Pleistocene. Here, we present a deep Pacific carbonate ion saturation state (Δ[CO32−]) record spanning the last 5.1 Myr, reconstructed from the
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Strong Localized Pumping of Water Vapor to High Altitudes on Mars During the Perihelion Season Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 A. Brines, M. A. López-Valverde, B. Funke, F. González-Galindo, S. Aoki, G. L. Villanueva, J. A. Holmes, D. A. Belyaev, G. Liuzzi, I. R. Thomas, J. T. Erwin, U. Grabowski, F. Forget, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, J. Rodriguez-Gomez, F. Daerden, L. Trompet, B. Ristic, M. R. Patel, G. Bellucci, A. C. Vandaele
Here we present water vapor vertical profiles observed with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter/Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument during the perihelion and Southern summer solstice season (LS = 240°–300°) in three consecutive Martian Years 34, 35, and 36. We show the detailed latitudinal distribution of H2O at tangent altitudes from 10 to 120 km, revealing a vertical plume at 60°S–50°S
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Quantifying Earth's Topography: Steeper and Larger Than Projected in Digital Terrain Models Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-20 Anne Voigtländer, Aljoscha Rheinwalt, Stefanie Tofelde
Grid- or pixel-based models, used across various scientific disciplines from microscopic to planetary scales, contain an unquantified error that bias our interpretation of the data. The error is produced by projecting 3D data onto a 2D grid. For Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) the projection error affects all slope-dependent topographic metrics, like surface area or slope angle. Due to the proportionality
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Influence of Western Pacific Madden–Julian Oscillation on New York City's Record-Breaking Air Pollution in Early June 2023 Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Yan Zhu, Pang-chi Hsu, Yitian Qian
In early June 2023, New York City (NYC) and other cities in the northeastern US experienced a severe air pollution event. Although reports associated this hazardous pollution event with the smoke from Canadian wildfires, the factors triggering the southward waft of the smoke remain unclear. We found the northerly anomaly that transported the smoke was linked to the Rossby wave train excited by the
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From Shelfbreak to Shoreline: Coastal Sea Level and Local Ocean Dynamics in the Northwest Atlantic Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 C. M. L. Camargo, C. G. Piecuch, B. Raubenheimer
Sea-level change threatens the U.S. East Coast. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying causes, including ocean dynamics. Most past studies emphasized links between coastal sea level and local atmospheric variability or large-scale circulation and climate, but possible relationships with local ocean currents over the shelf and slope remain largely unexplored. Here we use 7 years of in situ
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The Direct Radiative Effect of CO2 Increase on Summer Precipitation in North America Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Wengui Liang, Ming Zhao, Zhihong Tan, Thomas Knutson, Wenhao Dong, Bosong Zhang
Precipitation changes in full response to CO2 increase are widely studied but confidence in future projections remains low. Mechanistic understanding of the direct radiative effect of CO2 on precipitation changes, independent from CO2-induced SST changes, is therefore necessary. Utilizing global atmospheric models, we identify robust summer precipitation decreases across North America in response to
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Observed Increase in Tropical Cyclone-Induced Sea Surface Cooling Near the U.S. Southeast Coast Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Effy B. John, Karthik Balaguru, L. Ruby Leung, Samson M. Hagos, Robert D. Hetland
Tropical cyclones (TCs) induce substantial upper-ocean mixing and upwelling, leading to sea surface cooling. In this study, we explore changes in TC-induced cold wakes along the United States (U.S.) Southeast and Gulf Coasts during 1982–2020. Our study shows a significant increase in TC-induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling of about 0.20°C near the U.S. Southeast Coast over this period. However
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The South Pole-Aitken Basin: Constraints on Impact Excavation, Melt, and Ejecta Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 R. I. Citron, D. E. Smith, S. T. Stewart, L. L. Hood, M. T. Zuber
The formation and evolution of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin is critical to relating large impact basin formation and modification to lunar geophysical evolution. Most prior models of the SPA impact were conducted in 2D, making it difficult to compare model output to the 3D crustal structure and ejecta distribution. In order to better constrain the parameters of the SPA impactor and the expected
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Unraveling the Lhasa-Qiangtang Collision in Western Tibet: Insights From Geochronological and Paleomagnetic Analyses Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Peiping Song, Lin Ding, Jinxiang Li, Yahui Yue, Jing Xie
The Lhasa-Qiangtang collision closed the Meso-Tethys Ocean, but the exact timing of this event remains hotly debated. Here, we present geochronological and paleomagnetic analyses conducted on Cretaceous volcanics from western Qiangtang to constrain the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision in western Tibet. Our investigations yield a paleolatitude of ∼30.5 ± 5.0°N for western Qiangtang during ca. 110–100 Ma. A
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Infrared Radiation in the Thermosphere From 2002 to 2023 Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Martin G. Mlynczak, Linda Hunt, Nabil Nowak, B. Thomas Marshall, Christopher J. Mertens
Twenty-two years (2002–2023) of infrared radiative cooling rate data derived from the SABER instrument on the NASA TIMED satellite are presented. Global daily and global annual infrared power (Watts, W) emitted by nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) illustrate the variability of the geospace environment on timescales from days to decades. The 11-year solar cycle (SC) is evident in the global
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Resilience of Snowball Earth to Stochastic Events Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Guillaume Chaverot, Andrea Zorzi, Xuesong Ding, Jonathan Itcovitz, Bowen Fan, Siddharth Bhatnagar, Aoshuang Ji, Robert J. Graham, Tushar Mittal
Earth went through at least two periods of global glaciation (i.e., “Snowball Earth” states) during the Neoproterozoic, the shortest of which (the Marinoan) may not have lasted sufficiently long for its termination to be explained by the gradual volcanic build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Large asteroid impacts and supervolcanic eruptions have been suggested as stochastic geological events
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Predicting Mean Flow Through an Array of Cylinders Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 F. He, S. Draper, M. Ghisalberti, H. An, P. Branson
The present paper develops a new framework to predict the mean flow through an array of cylinders in which the flow around the array (array-scale) and the flow around individual cylinders (element-scale) are modeled separately using actuator disc theory and empirical drag models respectively, and then coupled through the net drag force. Applying this framework only requires knowledge of the array geometry
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Energy Conservation in the Cooling and Contracting Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Martin G. Mlynczak, Linda A. Hunt, Rolando Garcia, Manuel Lopez-Puertas, Christopher J. Mertens, Nabil Nowak, B. Thomas Marshall
Time series of radiative cooling of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (UMLT) by carbon dioxide (CO2) are examined for evidence of trends over 20 years. Radiative cooling rates in K day−1 provided by the SABER instrument are converted to time series of infrared power radiated from three distinct layers between 0.1 hPa and 0.0001 hPa (65–105 km). Linear regression against time and a predictor
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Advantages of Inter-Calibration for Geostationary Satellite Sensors Onboard Twin Satellites Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Yeeun Lee, Myoung-Hwan Ahn, Mina Kang, Mijin Eo, Dohyeong Kim, Kyung-Jung Moon
To address the increasing demand for diurnal information on trace gases and aerosols, a series of geostationary (GEO) satellite programs called GEO-constellation have been initiated, with the launch of the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) onboard Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite 2B (GK2B). To assess the sensor performance of GEMS in orbit, the current work suggests
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Thermal and Dynamo Evolution of the Lunar Core Based on the Transport Properties of Fe-S-P Alloys Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Kuan Zhai, Yuan Yin, Shuangmeng Zhai
Paleomagnetic analyses have suggested that the lunar magnetic field underwent a significant change from 4.25 to 3.19 Ga, indicating the rapid transition of the lunar dynamo mechanism. We used the van der Pauw (vdP) method to measure the electrical resistivity of Fe-S-P alloys under conditions relevant to the lunar core and estimated the thermal conductivity of the Fe-S-P lunar core. These values were
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Low Hygroscopicity of Newly Formed Particles on the North China Plain and Its Implications for Nanoparticle Growth Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Juan Hong, Jiamin Ma, Nan Ma, Jingnan Shi, Wanyun Xu, Gen Zhang, Shaowen Zhu, Shaobin Zhang, Min Tang, Xihao Pan, Linhong Xie, Guo Li, Uwe Kuhn, Chao Yan, Ximeng Qi, Qiaozhi Zha, Wei Nie, Jiangchuan Tao, Yao He, Yaqing Zhou, Yele Sun, Hanbing Xu, Li Liu, Runlong Cai, Guangsheng Zhou, Ye Kuang, Bin Yuan, Qiaoqiao Wang, Tuukka Petäjä, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Yafang Cheng, Hang Su
The growth of newly formed particles through new particle formation (NPF) contributes a significant fraction to the cloud condensation nuclei, yet the driving mechanisms remain unclear, especially for polluted environments. To investigate the potential species contributing for nanoparticle growth in environments with significant anthropogenic influences, we measured the hygroscopicity of newly formed
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Interhemispheric Asymmetry in the Seasonal Ionospheric Outflow Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 N. Nowrouzi, B. M. Walsh
A comprehensive statistical study is conducted on O+ and H+ outflows obtained from the TEAMS/FAST data during the 23rd solar cycle (1996–2007). The study investigates interhemispheric asymmetry in ionospheric outflows during local summer, winter, and equinox seasons. Data are classified into two distinct periods: the pre-storm and geomagnetic storm phases. Numerous statistical asymmetries are identified
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Earth's Sea Ice Radiative Effect From 1980 to 2023 Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 A. Duspayev, M. G. Flanner, A. Riihelä
Sea ice cools Earth by reducing its absorbed solar energy. We combine radiative transfer modeling with satellite-derived surface albedo, sea ice, and cloud distributions to quantify the top-of-atmosphere sea ice radiative effect (SIRE). Averaged over 1980–2023, Arctic and Antarctic SIREs range from −0.64 to −0.86 W m−2 and −0.85 to −0.98 W m−2, respectively, with different cloud data sets and assumptions
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Cloud Radiative Feedback to the Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation Greatly Reduces Monsoon-Season Wet Bias Over the Tibetan Plateau in Climate Modeling Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Jiarui Liu, Kun Yang, Dingchi Zhao, Peili Wu, Jiamin Wang, Xu Zhou, Yanluan Lin, Hui Lu, Yaozhi Jiang, Jiancheng Shi
Over-estimation of summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a well-known and persistent problem in most climate models. This study demonstrates the impact of a Gaussian Probability Density Function cloud fraction scheme on rainfall simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. It is found that this scheme in both 0.1° and 0.05° resolutions significantly reduces the wet
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A Persistent Coast Mode of Precipitation in Southeast China Over the Last Millennium Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Jiantao Cao, Fajin Chen, Guoqiang Chu, Guodong Jia
Instrumental data set have revealed several summer precipitation patterns in eastern China, being summarized as “tripole,” “dipole” and “coast” modes. The former two have been found to persist at different time scales, leaving the latter unclear in geological records. Here we present 1300-year hydroclimate records in a tropical maar lake in the southern coast of China using archeal lipid GDGTs, which
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Electron Dynamics Associated With Advection and Diffusion in Self-Consistent Wave-Particle Interactions With Oblique Chorus Waves Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Huayue Chen, Xueyi Wang, Hong Zhao, Yu Lin, Lunjin Chen, Yoshiharu Omura, Rui Chen, Yi-Kai Hsieh
Chorus waves are intense electromagnetic emissions critical in modulating electron dynamics. In this study, we perform two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to investigate self-consistent wave-particle interactions with oblique chorus waves. We first analyze the electron dynamics sampled from cyclotron and Landau resonances with waves, and then quantify the advection and diffusion coefficients
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Similarities and Differences Between Natural and Simulated Slow Earthquakes Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 A. Gualandi, L. Dal Zilio, D. Faranda, G. Mengaldo
We investigate similarities and differences between natural and simulated slow earthquakes using nonlinear dynamical system tools. We use spatio-temporal slip potency rate data derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position time series in the Cascadia subduction zone and numerical simulations intended to reproduce their pulse-like behavior and scaling laws. We provide metrics to evaluate
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Observing and Modeling Short-Term Changes in Basal Friction During Rain-Induced Speed-Ups on an Alpine Glacier Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Anuar Togaibekov, Florent Gimbert, Adrien Gilbert, Andrea Walpersdorf
Basal shear stress on hard-bedded glaciers results from normal stress against bed roughness, which depends on basal water pressure and cavity size. These quantities are related in a steady state but are expected to behave differently under rapid changes in water input, which may lead to a transient frictional response not captured by existing friction laws. Here, we investigate transient friction using
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A Rare Simultaneous Detection of a Mid-Latitude Plasma Depleted Structure in O(1D) 630.0 and O(1S) 557.7 nm All-Sky Airglow Images on a Geomagnetically Quiet Night Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 D. Patgiri, R. Rathi, V. Yadav, D. Chakrabarty, M. V. Sunil Krishna, S. Kannaujiya, P. Pavan Chaitanya, A. K. Patra, Jann-Yenq Liu, S. Sarkhel
This letter reports first simultaneous detection of F-region plasma-depleted structure in O(1D) 630.0 and O(1S) 557.7 nm airglow images on a geomagnetically quiet-night (Ap = 3) of 26 June 2021 from mid-latitude station (Hanle, India) due to enhanced thermospheric 557.7 nm emission. Since nighttime thermospheric 557.7 nm emission over mid-latitudes is predominantly masked by significantly larger mesospheric
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The Influence of Extratropical Ocean on the PNA Teleconnection: Role of Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Masato Mori, Hiroki Tokinaga, Yu Kosaka, Hisashi Nakamura, Bunmei Taguchi, Hiroaki Tatebe
The Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern is a major low-frequency variability in boreal winter. A recent modeling study suggested that PNA variability increases through extratropical atmosphere-ocean coupling, but the effect was not fully extracted due to a particular experimental design. By comparing coupled and two sets of uncoupled large-ensemble global model simulations, here we show that the PNA-induced
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Asymmetric and Irreversible Response of Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity to CO2 Removal Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Dubin Huan, Qing Yan
Understanding the behaviors of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity under the CO2 removal scenario is important for future climate adaptation and policy making. Based on the idealized CO2 ramp-up (from 284.7 to 1,138.8 ppm) and symmetric ramp-down experiments, our results suggest an asymmetric and irreversible response of TC potential intensity to CO2 reduction. Potential intensity shows an additional enhancement
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Single-Hemisphere Oxygen Outflow From Earth's Subauroral Zone Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Z.-Y. Liu, Q.-G. Zong, X.-Z. Zhou, S.-Y. Fu, Z.-J. Hu, J.-J. Liu, C. Yue
Besides the cusp, polar cap, and auroral oval, the nightside subauroral zone has also recently been reported as a source region of the ionospheric oxygen outflows. However, the detailed mass and energy sources of these ions remain open questions. Here, we address this issue from the perspective of the response of conjugate hemispheres. Investigation of Van Allen Probes data demonstrates a notable preference
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Comparisons of Greenhouse Gas Observation Satellite Performances Over Seoul Using a Portable Ground-Based Spectrometer Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Hayoung Park, Sujong Jeong, Mahesh Kumar Sha, Jonghyuk Lee, Matthias Max Frey
Satellites provide global coverage for monitoring atmospheric greenhouse gases, crucial for understanding global climate dynamics. However, their temporal and spatial resolutions fall short in detecting urban-scale variations. To enhance satellite reliability over urban areas, this study presents the first comprehensive analysis of long-term observations of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of
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Emerging Methods to Validate Remotely Sensed Vegetation Water Content Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Andrew F. Feldman
Satellite-retrieved vegetation optical depth (VOD) has provided extensive insights into global plant function (such as, carbon stocks, water stress, crop yields) because of VOD's ability to monitor plant water stress and biomass at near daily temporal frequency under all-weather conditions. However, arguably, the greatest challenge with broadly applying VOD is its lack of validation partly because
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How Well Does the DOE Global Storm Resolving Model Simulate Clouds and Precipitation Over the Amazon? Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Jingjing Tian, Yunyan Zhang, Stephen A. Klein, Christopher R. Terai, Peter M. Caldwell, Hassan Beydoun, Peter Bogenschutz, Hsi-Yen Ma, Aaron S. Donahue
This study assesses a 40-day 3.25-km global simulation of the Simple Cloud-Resolving E3SM Model (SCREAMv0) using high-resolution ground-based observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) field campaign. SCREAMv0 reasonably captures the diurnal timing of boundary layer clouds yet underestimates the boundary layer cloud fraction and mid-level congestus.
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Dust Emissions on Mars From Phoenix Lidar Measurements in Relation to Local Meteorological Conditions Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 M. Kahnert, R. Ceolato
The diurnal cycle of dust aerosols on Mars is studied by analyzing lidar observations at the Phoenix landing site under cloud- and fog-free conditions and in the absence of elevated, long-range transported dust layers. There is a pronounced diurnal cycle in the dust-layer height with minimum heights of 4–6 km occurring between 11:00 and 17:00 local time. The ratio of the aerosol optical depth (AOD)
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How P-Wave Scattering Throughout the Entire Mantle Mimics the High-Frequency Pdiff and Its Coda Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Tuo Zhang, Christoph Sens-Schönfelder, Marcelo Bianchi, Klaus Bataille
We document the arrival of seismic energy in the core shadow zone up to large distances beyond 150° more than 100 s prior to the core phases. Numerical simulations of the energy transport in an established heterogeneity model show that scattering throughout the entire mantle explains these observations. Diffraction at the core-mantle boundary is unlikely in our 1–2 Hz frequency band and is not required
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The Key Role of Magnetic Curvature Scattering in Energetic Electron Precipitation During Substorms Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Ying Zou, Xiao-Jia Zhang, Anton V. Artemyev, Yangyang Shen, Vassilis Angelopoulos
Energetic electron precipitation (EEP) during substorms significantly affects ionospheric chemistry and lower-ionosphere (<100 km) conductance. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain what causes EEP: whistler-mode wave scattering, which dominates at low latitudes (mapping to the inner magnetosphere), and magnetic field-line curvature scattering, which dominates poleward. In this case study, we
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On the Move: 2023 Observations on Real Time Graben Formation, Grindavík, Iceland Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Gregory P. De Pascale, Tomáš J. Fischer, William Michael Moreland, Halldór Geirsson, Pavla Hrubcová, Vincent Drouin, Danielle Forester, Méline Payet--Clerc, Diana Brum da Silveira, Josef Vlček, Benedikt G. Ófeigsson, Ármann Höskuldsson, Helga Kristín Torfadóttir, Iðunn Kara Valdimarsdóttir, Birta Dís Jónsdóttir Blöndal, Ingibjörg Jónsdóttir, Sigurjón Jónsson, Thor Thordarson
Grabens, or valleys formed during extensional tectonic events, are common but rarely observed during formation. In November 2023, inelastic surface deformation formed abruptly along Iceland's plate boundary in Grindavík. We documented graben formation in real-time through satellite mapping (InSAR), seismicity, GNSS data, repeated lidar surveys, and field mapping. Five normal faults and ∼12 fissures
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Deep Multimodal Learning for Seismoacoustic Fusion to Improve Earthquake-Explosion Discrimination Within the Korean Peninsula Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-14 Miro Ronac Giannone, Stephen Arrowsmith, Junghyun Park, Brian Stump, Chris Hayward, Eric Larson, Il-Young Che
Recent geophysical studies have highlighted the potential utility of integrating both seismic and infrasound data to improve source characterization and event discrimination efforts. However, the influence of each of these data types within an integrated framework is not yet well-understood by the geophysical community. To help elucidate the role of each data type within a merged structure, we develop
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Heatwave Location Changes in Relation to Rossby Wave Phase Speed Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Wolfgang Wicker, Nili Harnik, Maria Pyrina, Daniela I. V. Domeisen
Surface anticyclones connected to the ridge of an upper-tropospheric Rossby wave are the main dynamical drivers of mid-latitude summer heatwaves. It is, however, unclear to what extent an anomalously low zonal phase speed of the wave in the upper troposphere is necessary for persistent temperature extremes at the surface. Here, we use spectral decomposition to separate fast and slow synoptic-scale
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Evaluating the Seasonal Responses of Southern Ocean Sea Surface Temperature to Southern Annular Mode in CMIP6 Models Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Yihang Hu, Wenshou Tian, Yuxin Dong, Jiankai Zhang
Using observations and CMIP6 historical simulations, the seasonal responses of Southern Ocean (50°S–70°S) sea surface temperature (SST) to Southern Annular Mode (SAM) variations are investigated in this study. The results suggest that the averaged Southern Ocean SST in austral spring and summer show a significant cooling in response to a positive SAM, while the responses in austral autumn and winter
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Influence of ENSO and Volcanic Eruptions on Himalayan Jet Latitude Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Uday Kunwar Thapa, Samantha Stevenson
The position of the subtropical jet over the Himalayas (Himalayan jet) affects extreme precipitation and heat over Central and South Asia. We examine the influence of two major natural factors-the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and explosive volcanic eruptions—on Himalayan jet interannual variability during the past millennium using simulations from the Community Earth System Model. We find that
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The Effect of Antecedent Topography on Complex Crater Formation Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Don R. Hood, Brennan W. Young, Aviv L. Cohen-Zada, Peter B. James, Ryan C. Ewing, Jeffery S. Lee
Impact craters that form on every planetary body provide a record of planetary surface evolution. On heavily cratered surfaces, new craters that form often overlap antecedent craters, but it is unknown how the presence of antecedent craters alters impact crater formation. We use overlapping complex crater pairs on the lunar surface to constrain this process and find that crater rims are systematically
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The Capability of Amphibole in Tracing the Physicochemical Processes of Magma Mixing Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Mingjian Li, Yunchuan Zeng, Massimo Tiepolo, Jifeng Xu, Enrico Cannaò, Francesca Forni, Feng Huang
This study explores the capability of amphibole in tracing the physicochemical process of magma mixing through spatially associated gabbros, mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) and granodiorites from central Tibet. These rocks share similar zircon ages as well as zircon Hf-O and plagioclase Sr isotopes. However, the amphiboles within the gabbros and granodiorites have different Sr and B isotope compositions
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Insights on Lateral Gravity Wave Propagation in the Extratropical Stratosphere From 44 Years of ERA5 Data Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Aman Gupta, Aditi Sheshadri, M. Joan Alexander, Thomas Birner
The study presents (a) a 44-year wintertime climatology of resolved gravity wave (GW) fluxes and forcing in the extratropical stratosphere using ERA5, and (b) their composite evolution around gradual (final warming) and abrupt (sudden warming) transitions in the wintertime circulation, focusing on lateral fluxes. The transformed Eulerian mean equations are leveraged to provide a glimpse of the importance
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The Fluvial Battering Ram: Collisional Experiments Reveal the Importance of Particle Impact Energies on Bedrock Erosional Efficiency Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 C. C. Masteller, H. Chandler, J. Bower
The battering of bedrock by bedload collisions is the primary mechanism by which bedrock rivers erode and landscapes evolve. The energy imparted via impacts acts to detach bedrock via the growth and intersection of surface fractures. We present impact experiments designed to test the influence of particle impact energy on bedrock erosion rates. We found that erosional efficiency increased with increasing
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Nutrient Replenishment by Turbulent Mixing in Suspended Macroalgal Farms Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Tong Bo, James C. McWilliams, Christina A. Frieder, Kristen A. Davis, Marcelo Chamecki
This study uses large eddy simulations to investigate nutrient transport and uptake in suspended macroalgal farms. Various farm configurations and oceanic forcing conditions are examined, with the farm base located near the nutricline depth. We introduce the Damkohler number Da to quantify the balance between nutrient consumption by macroalgae uptake and supply by farm-enhanced nutrient transport.
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Limited Benefits of Increased Spatial Resolution for Sea Ice in HighResMIP Simulations Geophys. Res. Lett. (IF 4.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 J. Selivanova, D. Iovino, M. Vichi
State-of-the-art coupled climate models struggle to accurately simulate historical variability and trends of Antarctic sea ice, impacting their reliability for future projections. Increasing horizontal resolution is expected to improve the representation of coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean processes at high latitudes. Here, we examine the historical changes in the Antarctic sea ice area and volume in High