Estimating precipitation at high spatial-temporal resolution is vital in manifold hydrological, meteorological and water management applications, especially over areas with un-gauged networks and regions where water resources are on the wane. This study aims to evaluate five downscaling methods to determine the accuracy and efficiency of which on generating high-resolution precipitation data at annual

Streamflow, the key component of catchment-scale hydrology is acknowledged as being induced by climate change and land-use alterations. The potential quantification of these hydrological drivers on streamflow variations is quite challenging. This study quantitatively assesses the isolated influences of climate change and land-use alterations on the streamflow variations in the Brahmani (36,800 km2)

The δ2H and δ18O values (isotope values) of porewater in soils have been used as natural tracers in many research disciplines. Conventional methods to determine the isotope values of porewater require extraction of water from the soil. To extract soil porewater cryogenic vacuum distillation is a commonly used technique. Based on extraction techniques porewater can be considered to be composed of ‘extractable’

On rough agricultural soils, initiation of overland flow is primarily related to the gradual filling of small depressions. As the volume of water ponding in local depressions increases, the connectivity of those depressions increases, and that connectivity permits flow across the field boundaries. Previous studies have aimed at predicting overland flow connectivity by means of depression storage, but

Velocity measurements from experiments performed downstream of patches of submerged aquatic vegetation were analysed. Two patches of different species, i.e., P crispus and M. spicatum, were characterised by the same size. Measurement points covered the water depth in the centre and at the sides of the patches from 0.1 m to 0.85 m downstream. Conditional quadrant analysis was modified and applied to

Daily rainfall simulated by General Circulation Models (GCMs) are usually provided on coarse grids and need some adjustment (i.e., bias correction) to meet historical statistics observed in gauged-based data. Moreover, for hydrological applications, the simulated rainfall is needed at fine, user-specified grids to be used as input into hydrological models. Simulated rainfall also must preserve the

Concentrations of total mercury (THg) in the axial musculature of northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Sander vitreus), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), and sauger (Sander canadensis) were analyzed from several regions of Lake Winnipeg and three main inflows, focusing on Mossy Bay in the North Basin of the lake. Length-standardized means (standard means) indicated THg concentrations in pike

As global climates shift, coastal systems experience changes that alter function within the tidal zone. However, it remains uncertain how changes in tidal extent and magnitude will alter coastal biogeochemical cycling. We present high‐frequency data collected in situ along two transects across a tidal creek and floodplain to capture how vertical and lateral connectivity changes act as biogeochemical

Advances in instrumentation have made it possible to obtain high-resolution images of heterogeneous porous media. Such advances and the rapid increase in computational power mean that direct numerical simulation of multiphase flow in two- and three-dimensional (3D) images of porous media is feasible and, therefore, models of pore space that represent simplification and approximation of the actual morphology

Permeability characterises flow in porous rocks/media for upscaling, while steady-state flow fields allow analysis of reactive transport, fines migration, and tight unconventional rocks. Fast calculation of permeability and flow fields obtained from Pore Network Models (PNM) and Laplace Semi-Analytical Solvers (SAS) deviate from computationally demanding simulation of Navier Stokes Equations (NSE)

Despite the Sahara being one of the most arid regions on Earth, it has experienced rainfall conditions in the past and could hold plentiful groundwater resources. Thus, groundwater is one of the most precious water resources in this region, which suffers from water shortage due to the limited rainfall caused by climatic conditions. This article will assess the knowledge-driven techniques employed to

The marine environment has plunged into crisis with the growth of human activities. The enhancement of responsible environmental behavior (REB) requires policy and education to cultivate social awareness and actions to sustain marine resources. Several studies revealed that the intention serves as an effective predictor of actual behaviors. Furthermore, researchers generally acknowledge that attitudes

The Nutrient Diol Index (NDI) has been proposed as a paleo sea surface nutrient proxy. However, the NDI's broad applicability needs to be further assessed by examining its temporal variability in association with modern sea surface nutrient concentrations. This study is the first report to evaluate the NDI with respect to sinking particles in the East Sea. The NDI values showed seasonal variations

Co-culturing and using cell-free filtrates are common methods for investigating allelopathy of marine phytoplankton; however, these methods often yield inconsistent or even contradictory results. The induced release of allelopathic compounds has been hypothesized as a mechanism to explain the discrepancy. Here, we used experiments to assess the inducibility of allelopathy by the diatom, Thalassiosira

Accurate forecasting of hourly water demand is essential for effective and sustainable operation, and the cost-effective management of water distribution networks. Unlike monthly or yearly water demand, hourly water demand has more fluctuations and is easily affected by short-term abnormal events. An effective preprocessing method is needed to capture the hourly water demand patterns and eliminate

Urban flood-related issues are substantial in China, arising from rapid construction of megacities over decades with insufficient flood control, all being made worse by climate change. Since Sponge City (SC) options are primarily effective at maintaining the water balance at the surface, flooding continues. In response, the One Water concept is used to demonstrate the need to respond to dimensions

The collective impacts of rapid urbanization, poor pollution management practices and insufficient sanitation infrastructure have driven the water quality deterioration in Little Akaki River (LAR), Ethiopia. Water quality modeling using QUAL2Kw was conducted in the LAR aimed at selecting the optimal water quality improvement and pollution load reduction approaches based on the evaluation of five scenarios:

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture decreases the pressure on landfills. In Romania, massive investments have been made in wastewater treatment stations, which have resulted in the accumulation of important quantities of sewage sludge. The presence of these sewage sludges coincides with large areas of degraded agricultural land. The aim of the present article is to identify the best technological

Water distribution systems (WDSs) deliver water from sources to consumers. These systems are made of hydraulic elements such as reservoirs, tanks, pipes, valves, and pumps. A pump is characterized by curves which define the relationship of the pump’s head gain and efficiency with its flow. For a new pump, the curves are provided by the manufacturer. However, due to its operating history, the performance

In recent years, due to unsustainable production methods and the demands of daily life, the water quality of the Yangtze River has deteriorated. In response to Yangtze River protection policy, and to protect and restore the ecological environment of the river, a two-dimensional model of the Jiangsu section was established to study the water environmental capacity (WEC) of 90 water environment functional

Near real-time rainfall monitoring at local scale is essential for urban flood risk mitigation. Previous research on precipitation visual effects supports the idea of vision-based rain sensors, but tends to be device-specific. We aimed to use different available photographing devices to develop a dense network of low-cost sensors. Using Transfer Learning with a Convolutional Neural Network, the rainfall

Long-term management and use of community-based safe water systems are essential to reduce water-related health risks in rural areas. Water sector professionals frequently cite water users’ sense of ownership for the water system as essential for its continuity. This study aims to provide the first insight into users’ understanding of psychological ownership, as well as generalizable data, regarding

The sustainable management of water resources is required to avoid water scarcity becoming widespread. This article explores the potential application of a social-ecological framework, used predominantly in the fields of ecology and conservation, as a tool to improve the sustainability and resilience of water resources. The “red-loop green-loop” (RL-GL) model has previously been used to map both sustainable

Equitable water allocation in the context of local-scale water conflicts can be challenging. We present a holistic framework for the analysis of small-scale water disputes, contributing an integrated approach to the analysis of water conflicts by providing technical solutions combined with an in-depth analysis of social dynamics. The analysis focuses on an ongoing water conflict in El Carracillo region

Abstract This paper outlines the importance of multiple time step optimization (MTO) in river basin allocation. The principal novelty of the work presented here is to provide a methodology on how to use MTO solutions in river basin planning and real time operation. Two approaches of using the MTO results were presented in the paper and tested on Damodar River Basin in India. By using the proposed approach

The source and hydrochemical makeup of a stream reflects the connectivity between rainfall, groundwater, the stream, and is reflected to water quantity and quality of the catchment. However, in a semi‐arid, thick, loess covered catchment, temporal variation of stream source and event associated behaviors are lesser known. Thus, the isotopic and chemical hydrographs in a widely distributed, deep loess

Detection of the type of trend in temperature data, by distinguishing between deterministic and stochastic trends, has important implications for understanding climate change. The Unit root tests (URTs) have been widely used for detecting the type of trend, but they do not consider the possibility of fractional integration and its influences. In this study, we detected the type of trends in observed

Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is one of the few techniques that can directly acquire information about the temporal dynamics of soil water content (SWC) at a hectometer scale. The performance of CRNS depends on the climate, soil and conditions of the underlying surface. The region of red soil in China is characterized by heterogeneous land uses (combination of upland and paddy fields), distinct

This study presents a new concept that integrates the index-overlay method and a physical-based numerical model for predicting groundwater sustainability under various climate conditions and anthropogenic activities. The index-overlay DRASTIC method was modified with an analytical hierarchy process theory and employed to create groundwater vulnerability maps for the Pingtung plain groundwater basin

Soil is the largest organic carbon pool in the terrestrial biosphere, and a small variation of soil organic carbon (SOC) can substantially affect the global carbon cycle and climate. Climate change is a major driver affecting the dynamics of SOC; however, our understanding about the responses of SOC in alpine ecosystems to climate change is quite limited. In particular, the differences of SOC dynamics

The Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion project (MRP) effectively alleviates the problem of serious shortage of water resources in North China. However, owing to the long-term operation of this project, abnormal algal proliferation has occurred in the upper reaches of the main canal, and the water diversion outlet is easily blocked by the large colonies of algae falling into the canal

Nitrogen pollution in subtropical waters is rapidly increasing due to land-use change, but specific sources, transformations, and attenuation rates remain understudied compared to cooler temperate catchments. Here, we quantify high-resolution nitrate (NO3--N) loads, sources and natural attenuation in a subtropical creek in Australia over contrasting hydrological conditions. We observed large creek

River floodplains and reservoirs interact throughout a basin drainage network, defining a coupled human-water system with multiple feedbacks. Recent modeling developments have aimed to improve the representation of such processes at regional to continental scales. However, most large-scale hydrological models adopt simplified lumped reservoir schemes, where an offline routine is run with inflows estimated

Like other sedimentary plains, the Po Plain in Northern Italy has largely subsided due to natural processes and human activities. Displacements of the Earth surface of hydrological origin are caused by groundwater changes, which in turn, are expected to be related to rainfall changes. In the Bologna metropolitan area (located in the Southeastern border of Po Plain), the 2010 politic decision of dismissing

Geologic heterogeneity, which commonly exists in target reservoirs for CO2 sequestration, has a significant effect on CO2 trapping. In this study, we performed Darcy-scale multiphase flow experiments on a heterogeneous rock with in-situ imaging techniques to obtain X-ray images of CO2 saturation during both drainage and imbibition. Residual trapping was assessed using the initial-residual characteristic

Complex vortex flow patterns around bridge piers, especially during floods, cause scour process that can result in the failure of foundations. Abutment scour is a complex three-dimensional phenomenon that is difficult to predict especially with traditional formulas obtained using empirical approaches such as regressions. This paper presents a test of a standalone Kstar model with five novel hybrid

The assessment of natural background levels (NBLs) in groundwater is considered as an efficient way to distinguish the geogenic compound from anthropogenic pollution of groundwater—a basic issue in groundwater environmental management. At present, most studies only assess NBLs of single parameters in groundwater. Such method, however, ignored the complex components and interaction in the groundwater

Dual drainage systems in urban areas were historically designed and built to convey certain size storms on the assumption of stationarity. However, changes to rainfall due to climate change and increases in impervious cover due to land use change, specifically redevelopment, violate this assumption. Hydrologic models can be used to quantify impacts of climate and land use changes on stormwater runoff

Groundwater plays a vital role in food security, water availability, and economic growth of more than 1.3 billion people in India. Notwithstanding the development of irrigation schemes based on surface water, groundwater remains a primary source of irrigation in large parts of the country. The Green revolution in the 1970s contributed considerably to increasing food production in India through the

The study of unsaturated behavior of soils pivots around the relationship between soil suction and the amount of water content present in the soil mass, which is termed as soil-water retention curve (SWRC). The drying SWRC is generally determined by neglecting the volume change behavior of the soil for low plastic soils. Such a procedure is bound by an inherent assumption that the soil exhibit zero

We investigate the impact of sub-grid scale horizontal lamination on the migration of the CO2 plume during geologic sequestration. A new physics-based model that includes the effects of capillary and viscous forces is used to obtain effective flow-rate dependent capillary pressure and relative permeability functions. For this purpose a macroscopic capillary number is derived that accurately describes

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. Without any doubt, the 21st century has kick-started a great evolution in all aspects of our everyday life [...]

Sea water intrusion (SWI) has been widely recognized as a global problem, significantly influencing coastal aquifers, mostly through reduced water quality and agricultural production indicators. In this paper, we present the outcomes of the implementation of two independent real-time monitoring systems, planned and installed to get insights on groundwater dynamics within the adjacent coastal aquifer

This study reviews the late Holocene peatlands in Terelj River and Tuul River drainage basins in the Khentii (Khentii has been misspelled as Khentey (or Hentey) and Khentei (or Hentei) in many publications. The Khentii is the right English translation from Mongolian Хэнтий) Mountain Range of northeastern Mongolia. The peatlands were examined through their physical and chemical properties, diatom assemblages

The eutrophic Lake Eichbaumsee, a ~1 km long and 280 m wide (maximum water depth 16 m) dredging lake southeast of Hamburg (Germany), has been treated for water quality improvements using various techniques (i.e., aeration plants, removal of dissolved phosphorous by aluminum phosphorous precipitation, and by Bentophos® (Phoslock Environmental Technologies, Sydney, Australia), adsorption) during the

Documenting how ground- and surface water systems respond to climate change is crucial to understanding water resources, particularly in the U.S. Great Lakes region, where drastic temperature and precipitation changes are observed. This study presents baseflow and baseflow index (BFI) trend analyses for 10 undisturbed watersheds in Michigan using (1) multi-objective optimization (MOO) and (2) modified

Climate change and tectonic uplift are the dominant forcing mechanisms responsible for the formation of long and narrow terraced landforms in a variety of geomorphic settings; and marine terraces are largely used to reconstruct the Quaternary glacial and interglacial climates. Along the Mediterranean coast, a considerable number of popular scientific articles have acknowledged a range of marine terraces