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Frontiers in Satellite-Based Estimates of Cloud-Mediated Aerosol Forcing Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Daniel Rosenfeld, Alexander Kokhanovsky, Tom Goren, Edward Gryspeerdt, Otto Hasekamp, Hailing Jia, Anton Lopatin, Johannes Quaas, Zengxin Pan, Odran Sourdeval
Atmospheric aerosols affect the Earth's climate in many ways, including acting as the seeds on which cloud droplets form. Since a large fraction of these particles is anthropogenic, the clouds' microphysical and radiative characteristics are influenced by human activity on a global scale leading to important climatic effects. The respective change in the energy budget at the top of the atmosphere is
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-27
No abstract is available for this article.
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The Historical Development of Large-Scale Paleoclimate Field Reconstructions Over the Common Era Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-20 Jason E. Smerdon, Edward R. Cook, Nathan J. Steiger
Climate field reconstructions (CFRs) combine modern observational data with paleoclimatic proxies to estimate climate variables over spatiotemporal grids during time periods when widespread observations of climatic conditions do not exist. The Common Era (CE) has been a period over which many seasonally- and annually-resolved CFRs have been produced on regional to global scales. CFRs over the CE were
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Geomorphic Process Chains in High-Mountain Regions—A Review and Classification Approach for Natural Hazards Assessment Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Peter Mani, Simon Allen, Stephen G. Evans, Jeffrey S. Kargel, Martin Mergili, Dmitry Petrakov, Markus Stoffel
Populations and infrastructure in high mountain regions are exposed to a wide range of natural hazards, the frequency, magnitude, and location of which are extremely sensitive to climate change. In cases where several hazards can occur simultaneously or where the occurrence of one event will change the disposition of another, assessments need to account for complex process chains. While process chains
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Antarctic Sedimentary Basins and Their Influence on Ice-Sheet Dynamics Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 A. R. A. Aitken, L. Li, B. Kulessa, D. Schroeder, T. A. Jordan, J. M. Whittaker, S. Anandakrishnan, E. J. Dawson, D. A. Wiens, O. Eisen, M. J. Siegert
Knowledge of Antarctica's sedimentary basins builds our understanding of the coupled evolution of tectonics, ice, ocean, and climate. Sedimentary basins have properties distinct from basement-dominated regions that impact ice-sheet dynamics, potentially influencing future ice-sheet change. Despite their importance, our knowledge of Antarctic sedimentary basins is restricted. Remoteness, the harsh environment
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Global Climate Impacts of Land-Surface and Atmospheric Processes Over the Tibetan Plateau Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Jianping Huang, Xiuji Zhou, Guoxiong Wu, Xiangde Xu, Qingyun Zhao, Yimin Liu, Anmin Duan, Yongkun Xie, Yaoming Ma, Ping Zhao, Song Yang, Kun Yang, Haijun Yang, Jianchun Bian, Yunfei Fu, Jinming Ge, Yuzhi Liu, Qigang Wu, Haipeng Yu, Binbin Wang, Qing Bao, Kai Qie
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) impacts local and remote atmospheric circulations, wherein it mechanically and thermally affects air masses or airflows. Moreover, the TP provides a key channel for substance transport between the troposphere and the stratosphere. This study reviews recent advances in research regarding land–atmosphere coupling processes over the TP. The TP experiences climate warming and wetting
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-07
No abstract is available for this article.
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Antarctic Landfast Sea Ice: A Review of Its Physics, Biogeochemistry and Ecology Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 A. D. Fraser, P. Wongpan, P. J. Langhorne, A. R. Klekociuk, K. Kusahara, D. Lannuzel, R. A. Massom, K. M. Meiners, K. M. Swadling, D. P. Atwater, G. M. Brett, M. Corkill, L. A. Dalman, S. Fiddes, A. Granata, L. Guglielmo, P. Heil, G. H. Leonard, A. R. Mahoney, A. McMinn, P. van der Merwe, C. K. Weldrick, B. Wienecke
Antarctic landfast sea ice (fast ice) is stationary sea ice that is attached to the coast, grounded icebergs, ice shelves, or other protrusions on the continental shelf. Fast ice forms in narrow (generally up to 200 km wide) bands, and ranges in thickness from centimeters to tens of meters. In most regions, it forms in autumn, persists through the winter and melts in spring/summer, but can remain throughout
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Climate Evolution Through the Onset and Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 E. L. McClymont, S. L. Ho, H. L. Ford, I. Bailey, M. A. Berke, C. T. Bolton, S. De Schepper, G. R. Grant, J. Groeneveld, G. N. Inglis, C. Karas, M. O. Patterson, G. E. A. Swann, K. Thirumalai, S. M. White, M. Alonso-Garcia, P. Anand, B. A. A. Hoogakker, K. Littler, B. F. Petrick, B. Risebrobakken, J. T. Abell, A. J. Crocker, F. de Graaf, S. J. Feakins, J. C. Hargreaves, C. L. Jones, M. Markowska, A
The Pliocene Epoch (∼5.3–2.6 million years ago, Ma) was characterized by a warmer than present climate with smaller Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and offers an example of a climate system in long-term equilibrium with current or predicted near-future atmospheric CO2 concentrations (pCO2). A long-term trend of ice-sheet expansion led to more pronounced glacial (cold) stages by the end of the Pliocene
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Upper Ocean Biogeochemistry of the Oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: From Nutrient Sources to Carbon Export Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-04 Minhan Dai, Ya-Wei Luo, Eric P. Achterberg, Thomas J. Browning, Yihua Cai, Zhimian Cao, Fei Chai, Bingzhang Chen, Matthew J. Church, Dongjian Ci, Chuanjun Du, Kunshan Gao, Xianghui Guo, Zhendong Hu, Shuh-Ji Kao, Edward A. Laws, Zhongping Lee, Hongyang Lin, Qian Liu, Xin Liu, Weicheng Luo, Feifei Meng, Shaoling Shang, Dalin Shi, Hiroaki Saito, Luping Song, Xianhui Sean Wan, Yuntao Wang, Wei-Lei Wang
Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted surface nutrients, and low biological productivity. Despite tremendous advances over the past three decades, particularly through the Hawaii Ocean Time-series and the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study, which have revolutionized our understanding
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Recent Advances and New Frontiers in Riverine and Coastal Flood Modeling Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Keighobad Jafarzadegan, Hamid Moradkhani, Florian Pappenberger, Hamed Moftakhari, Paul Bates, Peyman Abbaszadeh, Reza Marsooli, Celso Ferreira, Hannah L. Cloke, Fred Ogden, Qingyun Duan
Over the past decades, the scientific community has made significant efforts to simulate flooding conditions using a variety of complex physically based models. Despite all advances, these models still fall short in accuracy and reliability and are often considered computationally intensive to be fully operational. This could be attributed to insufficient comprehension of the causative mechanisms of
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Expressing Gratitude to Reviewers: A Message From the Editors of Reviews of Geophysics for 2022 Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Fabio Florindo, Valerio Acocella, Robert Bingham, Ann Marie Carlton, Paolo D’Odorico, Qingyun Duan, Andrew Gettelman, Jasper S. Halekas, Ruth Harris, Gesine Mollenhauer, Alan Robock, Claudine Stirling, Yusuke Yokoyama
1 Thank You to Our Peer Reviewers for 2022 Reviews of Geophysics (RoG) is the top-rated journal in geochemistry and geophysics (Florindo et al., 2023) and it could not exist without your investment of time and effort. Your expertise ensures that the papers published in this journal meet the standards that the research community expects. We sincerely appreciate the time you spent reading and commenting
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Dynamics of Air Flow in Partially Water-Saturated Porous Media Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-12 Ilan Ben-Noah, Shmulik P. Friedman, Brian Berkowitz
Dynamics of flowing air in partially water-saturated, porous geological formations are governed by a wide range of forces and parameters. These dynamics are reviewed in the contexts of flow patterns that arise and the corresponding applicability of diverse modeling approaches. The importance of reliable gas-liquid flow models draws from the key role gases play in earth systems, and the various engineering
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Reducing Aerosol Forcing Uncertainty by Combining Models With Satellite and Within-The-Atmosphere Observations: A Three-Way Street Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 Ralph A. Kahn, Elisabeth Andrews, Charles A. Brock, Mian Chin, Graham Feingold, Andrew Gettelman, Robert C. Levy, Daniel M. Murphy, Athanasios Nenes, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Thomas Popp, Jens Redemann, Andrew M. Sayer, Arlindo M. da Silva, Larisa Sogacheva, Philip Stier
Aerosol forcing uncertainty represents the largest climate forcing uncertainty overall. Its magnitude has remained virtually undiminished over the past 20 years despite considerable advances in understanding most of the key contributing elements. Recent work has produced modest increases only in the confidence of the uncertainty estimate itself. This review summarizes the contributions toward reducing
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Heat Waves: Physical Understanding and Scientific Challenges Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 D. Barriopedro, R. García-Herrera, C. Ordóñez, D. G. Miralles, S. Salcedo-Sanz
Heat waves (HWs) can cause large socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The observed increases in their frequency, intensity and duration are projected to continue with global warming. This review synthesizes the state of knowledge and scientific challenges. It discusses different aspects related to the definition, triggering mechanisms, observed changes and future projections of HWs, as well as
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60 Years and Beyond of Reviews of Geophysics Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-29 Fabio Florindo, Valerio Acocella, Ann Marie Carlton, Paolo D’Odorico, Qingyun Duan, Andrew Gettelman, Jasper Halekas, Ruth Harris, Gesine Mollenhauer, Alan Robock, Claudine Stirling, Yusuke Yokoyama
Reviews of Geophysics is an AGU journal, first established in February 1963. It is a hybrid open access invitation-only journal that publishes comprehensive review articles across various disciplines within the Earth and Space Sciences. The selection criteria are rigorous and many submissions are declined without review. The journal is the highest ranked in the fields of Geochemistry and Geophysics
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-27
No abstract is available for this article.
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Health and Safety Effects of Airborne Soil Dust in the Americas and Beyond Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Daniel Q. Tong, Thomas E. Gill, William A. Sprigg, Robert Scott Van Pelt, Alexander A. Baklanov, Bridget Marie Barker, Jesse E. Bell, Juan Castillo, Santiago Gassó, Cassandra J. Gaston, Dale W. Griffin, Nicolas Huneeus, Ralph A. Kahn, Arunas P. Kuciauskas, Luis A. Ladino, Junran Li, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Orion Z. McCotter, Pablo A. Méndez-Lázaro, Pierpaolo Mudu, Slobodan Nickovic, Damian Oyarzun,
Risks associated with dust hazards are often underappreciated, a gap between the knowledge pool and public awareness that can be costly for impacted communities. This study reviews the emission sources and chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of airborne soil particles (dust) and their effects on human and environmental health and safety in the Pan-American region. American dust originates
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A Review of Speleothems as Archives for Paleofire Proxies, With Australian Case Studies Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-22 Micheline Campbell, Liza McDonough, Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Nevena Kosarac, Katie Coleborn, Peter M. Wynn, Axel K. Schmitt
Wildfires affect 40% of the earth's terrestrial biome, but much of our knowledge of wildfire activity is limited to the satellite era. Improved understanding of past fires is necessary to better forecast how fire regimes might change with future climate change, to understand ecosystem resilience to fire, and to improve data-model comparisons. Environmental proxy archives can extend our knowledge of
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Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Seaver Wang, Adrianna Foster, Elizabeth A. Lenz, John D. Kessler, Julienne C. Stroeve, Liana O. Anderson, Merritt Turetsky, Richard Betts, Sijia Zou, Wei Liu, William R. Boos, Zeke Hausfather
Tipping elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long-term states upon passing key thresholds or “tipping points.” In some cases, such changes could produce additional greenhouse gas emissions or radiative forcing that could compound global warming. Improved understanding of tipping elements
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Spatial and Temporal Quantification of Subaerial Volcanism From 1980 to 2019: Solid Products, Masses, and Average Eruptive Rates Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Federico Galetto, Matthew E. Pritchard, Adrian J. Hornby, Esteban Gazel, Natalie M. Mahowald
Volcanism is one of the main mechanisms transferring mass and energy between the interior of the Earth and the Earth's surface. However, the global mass flux of lava, volcanic ash and explosive pyroclastic deposits is not well constrained. Here we review published estimates of the mass of the erupted products from 1980 to 2019 by a global compilation. We identified 1,064 magmatic eruptions that occurred
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-27
No abstract is available for this article.
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Satellite Remote Sensing of Global Land Surface Temperature: Definition, Methods, Products, and Applications Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-24 Zhao-Liang Li, Hua Wu, Si-Bo Duan, Wei Zhao, Huazhong Ren, Xiangyang Liu, Pei Leng, Ronglin Tang, Xin Ye, Jinshun Zhu, Yingwei Sun, Menglin Si, Meng Liu, Jiahao Li, Xia Zhang, Guofei Shang, Bo-Hui Tang, Guangjian Yan, Chenghu Zhou
Land surface temperature (LST) is a crucial parameter that reflects land–atmosphere interaction and has thus attracted wide interest from geoscientists. Owing to the rapid development of Earth observation technologies, remotely sensed LST is playing an increasingly essential role in various fields. This review aims to summarize the progress in LST estimation algorithms and accelerate its further applications
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Secular Evolution of Continents and the Earth System Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-07 Peter A. Cawood, Priyadarshi Chowdhury, Jacob A. Mulder, Chris J. Hawkesworth, Fabio A. Capitanio, Prasanna M. Gunawardana, Oliver Nebel
Understanding of secular evolution of the Earth system is based largely on the rock and mineral archive preserved in the continental lithosphere. Based on the frequency and range of accessible data preserved in this record, we divide the secular evolution into seven phases: (a) “Proto-Earth” (ca. 4.57–4.45 Ga); (b) “Primordial Earth” (ca. 4.45–3.80 Ga); (c) “Primitive Earth” (ca. 3.8–3.2 Ga); (d) “Juvenile
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Comparison and Synthesis of Sea-Level and Deep-Sea Temperature Variations Over the Past 40 Million Years Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-06 Eelco J. Rohling, Gavin L. Foster, Thomas M. Gernon, Katharine M. Grant, David Heslop, Fiona D. Hibbert, Andrew P. Roberts, Jimin Yu
Global ice volume (sea level) and deep-sea temperature are key measures of Earth's climatic state. We synthesize evidence for multi-centennial to millennial ice-volume and deep-sea temperature variations over the past 40 million years, which encompass the early glaciation of Antarctica at ∼34 million years ago (Ma), the end of the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum, and the descent into bipolar glaciation
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-29
No abstract is available for this article.
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The International Reference Ionosphere Model: A Review and Description of an Ionospheric Benchmark Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-28 Dieter Bilitza, Michael Pezzopane, Vladimir Truhlik, David Altadill, Bodo W. Reinisch, Alessio Pignalberi
This paper is a review of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) project and model. IRI is recognized as the official standard for the Earth's ionosphere by the International Standardization Organization, the International Union of Radio Science, the Committee on Space Research, and the European Cooperation for Space Standardization. As requested by these organizations, IRI is an empirical (data-based)
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Beyond Carbon: The Contributions of South American Tropical Humid and Subhumid Forests to Ecosystem Services Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-12 L. S. Borma, M. H. Costa, H. R. da Rocha, J. Arieira, N. C. C. Nascimento, C. Jaramillo-Giraldo, G. Ambrosio, R. G. Carneiro, M. Venzon, A. F. Neto, R. van der Hoff, B. F. A. Oliveira, R. Rajão, C. A. Nobre
Tropical forests are recognized for their role in providing diverse ecosystem services (ESs), with carbon uptake the best recognized. The capacity of tropical forests to provide ESs is strongly linked to their enormous biodiversity. However, causal relationships between biodiversity and ESs are poorly understood. This may be because biodiversity is often translated into species richness. Here, we argue
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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-06 Xueyan Lyu, Feng Xiao, Chongyang Shen, Jingjing Chen, Chang Min Park, Yuanyuan Sun, Markus Flury, Dengjun Wang
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Achievements and Prospects of Global Broadband Seismographic Networks After 30 Years of Continuous Geophysical Observations Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-19 A. T. Ringler, R. E. Anthony, R. C. Aster, C. J. Ammon, S. Arrowsmith, H. Benz, C. Ebeling, A. Frassetto, W.-Y. Kim, P. Koelemeijer, H. C. P. Lau, V. Lekić, J. P. Montagner, P. G. Richards, D. P. Schaff, M. Vallée, W. Yeck
Global seismographic networks (GSNs) emerged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, facilitated by seminal international developments in theory, technology, instrumentation, and data exchange. The mid- to late-twentieth century saw the creation of the World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network (1961) and International Deployment of Accelerometers (1976), which advanced global
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-28
No abstract is available for this article.
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Climate Change and Weather Extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 G. Zittis, M. Almazroui, P. Alpert, P. Ciais, W. Cramer, Y. Dahdal, M. Fnais, D. Francis, P. Hadjinicolaou, F. Howari, A. Jrrar, D. G. Kaskaoutis, M. Kulmala, G. Lazoglou, N. Mihalopoulos, X. Lin, Y. Rudich, J. Sciare, G. Stenchikov, E. Xoplaki, J. Lelieveld
Observation-based and modeling studies have identified the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region as a prominent climate change hotspot. While several initiatives have addressed the impacts of climate change in parts of the EMME, here we present an updated assessment, covering a wide range of timescales, phenomena and future pathways. Our assessment is based on a revised analysis of recent
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A Review on Bank Retreat: Mechanisms, Observations, and Modeling Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-07 Kun Zhao, Giovanni Coco, Zheng Gong, Stephen E. Darby, Stefano Lanzoni, Fan Xu, Kaili Zhang, Ian Townend
Bank retreat plays a fundamental role in fluvial and estuarine dynamics. It affects the cross-sectional evolution of channels, provides a source of sediment, and modulates the diversity of habitats. Understanding and predicting the geomorphological response of fluvial/tidal channels to external driving forces underpins the robust management of water courses and the protection of wetlands. Here, we
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Chemical Mohometry: Assessing Crustal Thickness of Ancient Orogens Using Geochemical and Isotopic Data Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 P. Luffi, M. N. Ducea
Convergent plate boundaries are key sites for continental crustal formation and recycling. Quantifying the evolution of crustal thickness and paleoelevation along ancient convergent margins represents a major goal in orogenic system analyses. Chemical and in some cases isotopic compositions of igneous rocks formed in modern supra-subduction arcs and collisional belts are sensitive to Moho depths at
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Big Data Seismology Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-23 S. J. Arrowsmith, D. T. Trugman, J. MacCarthy, K. J. Bergen, D. Lumley, M. B. Magnani
The discipline of seismology is based on observations of ground motion that are inherently undersampled in space and time. Our basic understanding of earthquake processes and our ability to resolve 4D Earth structure are fundamentally limited by data volume. Today, Big Data Seismology is an emergent revolution involving the use of large, data-dense inquiries that is providing new opportunities to make
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Ice-Dynamical Glacier Evolution Modeling—A Review Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-23 H. Zekollari, M. Huss, D. Farinotti, S. Lhermitte
Glaciers play a crucial role in the Earth System: they are important water suppliers to lower-lying areas during hot and dry periods, and they are major contributors to the observed present-day sea-level rise. Glaciers can also act as a source of natural hazards and have a major touristic value. Given their societal importance, there is large scientific interest in better understanding and accurately
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Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-22 Fabio Florindo, Annmarie G. Carlton, Paolo D’Odorico, Qingyun Duan, Jasper S. Halekas, Gesine Mollenhauer, Eelco J. Rohling, Robert G. Bingham, Emily E. Brodsky, Michel C. Crucifix, Andrew Gettelman, Alan Robock
Reviews of Geophysics is the top-rated journal in Geochemistry and Geophysics (ISI Web of Knowledge category) reflecting the many excellent contributions we received. It is an important milestone achieved with the reviewers' investment of time and effort. Their expertise ensures that the papers published in this journal meet the standards that the research community expects. We sincerely appreciate
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Ice-Nucleating Particles That Impact Clouds and Climate: Observational and Modeling Research Needs Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 Susannah M. Burrows, Christina S. McCluskey, Gavin Cornwell, Isabelle Steinke, Kai Zhang, Bin Zhao, Maria Zawadowicz, Aishwarya Raman, Gourihar Kulkarni, Swarup China, Alla Zelenyuk, Paul J. DeMott
Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a critical role in cloud freezing processes, with important implications for precipitation formation and cloud radiative properties, and thus for weather and climate. Additionally, INP emissions respond to changes in the Earth System and climate, for example, desertification, agricultural practices, and fires, and therefore may introduce climate feedbacks
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Global and Regional Trends and Drivers of Fire Under Climate Change Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Matthew W. Jones, John T. Abatzoglou, Sander Veraverbeke, Niels Andela, Gitta Lasslop, Matthias Forkel, Adam J. P. Smith, Chantelle Burton, Richard A. Betts, Guido R. van der Werf, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Cristina Santín, Crystal Kolden, Stefan H. Doerr, Corinne Le Quéré
Recent wildfire outbreaks around the world have prompted concern that climate change is increasing fire incidence, threatening human livelihood and biodiversity, and perpetuating climate change. Here, we review current understanding of the impacts of climate change on fire weather (weather conditions conducive to the ignition and spread of wildfires) and the consequences for regional fire activity
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How Well Do We Understand the Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Cycle? Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-04-08 David Crisp, Han Dolman, Toste Tanhua, Galen A. McKinley, Judith Hauck, Ana Bastos, Stephen Sitch, Simon Eggleston, Valentin Aich
Fossil fuel combustion, land use change and other human activities have increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) abundance by about 50% since the beginning of the industrial age. The atmospheric CO2 growth rates would have been much larger if natural sinks in the land biosphere and ocean had not removed over half of this anthropogenic CO2. As these CO2 emissions grew, uptake by the ocean increased
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The Role of Quartz Cementation in the Seismic Cycle: A Critical Review Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-03-06 Randolph T. Williams, Åke Fagereng
Because quartz veins are common in fault zones exhumed from earthquake nucleation temperatures (150°C–350°C), quartz cementation may be an important mechanism of strength recovery between earthquakes. This interpretation requires that cementation occurs within a single interseismic period. We review slip-related processes that have been argued to allow rapid quartz precipitation in faults, including:
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Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice Cover Over the Last Century Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-09 Lars H. Smedsrud, Morven Muilwijk, Ailin Brakstad, Erica Madonna, Siv K. Lauvset, Clemens Spensberger, Andreas Born, Tor Eldevik, Helge Drange, Emil Jeansson, Camille Li, Are Olsen, Øystein Skagseth, Donald A. Slater, Fiamma Straneo, Kjetil Våge, Marius Årthun
Poleward ocean heat transport is a key process in the earth system. We detail and review the northward Atlantic Water (AW) flow, Arctic Ocean heat transport, and heat loss to the atmosphere since 1900 in relation to sea ice cover. Our synthesis is largely based on a sea ice-ocean model forced by a reanalysis atmosphere (1900–2018) corroborated by a comprehensive hydrographic database (1950–), AW inflow
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Realistic Forests and the Modeling of Forest-Atmosphere Exchange Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-04 E. J. Bannister, A. R. MacKenzie, X.-M. Cai
Forests cover nearly a third of the Earth's land area and exchange mass, momentum, and energy with the atmosphere. Most studies of these exchanges, particularly using numerical models, consider forests whose structure has been heavily simplified. In many landscapes, these simplifications are unrealistic. Inhomogeneous landscapes and unsteady weather conditions generate fluid dynamical features that
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Radiocarbon as a Dating Tool and Tracer in Paleoceanography Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-12 L. C. Skinner, E. Bard
Radiocarbon is an extremely useful carbon cycle tracer and radiometric dating tool. Here, we review the main principles and challenges involved in the use of radiocarbon in paleoceanography. First, we present a conceptual framework in which there are three possible uses of a radiocarbon measurement: (a) to obtain a calendar age interval, or a fossil entity's age; (b) to obtain an estimate of a carbon
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-27
No abstract is available for this article.
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Surface Water and Groundwater Interactions in Salt Marshes and Their Impact on Plant Ecology and Coastal Biogeochemistry Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-02 Pei Xin, Alicia Wilson, Chengji Shen, Zhenming Ge, Kevan B. Moffett, Isaac R. Santos, Xiaogang Chen, Xinghua Xu, Yvonne Y. Y. Yau, Willard Moore, Ling Li, D. A. Barry
Salt marshes are highly productive intertidal wetlands providing important ecological services for maintaining coastal biodiversity, buffering against oceanic storms, and acting as efficient carbon sinks. However, about half of these wetlands have been lost globally due to human activities and climate change. Inundated periodically by tidal water, salt marshes are subjected to strong surface water
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From Fluid Flow to Coupled Processes in Fractured Rock: Recent Advances and New Frontiers Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 H. S. Viswanathan, J. Ajo-Franklin, J. T. Birkholzer, J. W. Carey, Y. Guglielmi, J. D. Hyman, S. Karra, L. J. Pyrak-Nolte, H. Rajaram, G. Srinivasan, D. M. Tartakovsky
Quantitative predictions of natural and induced phenomena in fractured rock is one of the great challenges in the Earth and Energy Sciences with far-reaching economic and environmental impacts. Fractures occupy a very small volume of a subsurface formation but often dominate fluid flow, solute transport and mechanical deformation behavior. They play a central role in CO2 sequestration, nuclear waste
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Climate Changes and Their Elevational Patterns in the Mountains of the World Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2022-01-11 N. C. Pepin, E. Arnone, A. Gobiet, K. Haslinger, S. Kotlarski, C. Notarnicola, E. Palazzi, P. Seibert, S. Serafin, W. Schöner, S. Terzago, J. M. Thornton, M. Vuille, C. Adler
Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or amplify what is occurring elsewhere. Accelerating mountain climate change has extensive environmental impacts, including depletion of snow/ice reserves, critical for the world's water supply. Whilst the concept of elevation-dependent
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The Magnetic and Color Reflectance Properties of Hematite: From Earth to Mars Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-30 Zhaoxia Jiang, Qingsong Liu, Andrew P. Roberts, Mark J. Dekkers, Vidal Barrón, José Torrent, Sanzhong Li
Hematite is a canted antiferromagnet with reddish color that occurs widely on Earth and Mars. Identification and quantification of hematite is conveniently achieved through its magnetic and color properties. Hematite characteristics and content are indispensable ingredients in studies of the iron cycle, paleoenvironmental evolution, paleogeographic reconstructions, and comparative planetology (e.g
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Polar Vortices in Planetary Atmospheres Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Dann M. Mitchell, Richard K. Scott, William J. M. Seviour, Stephen I. Thomson, Darryn W. Waugh, Nicholas A. Teanby, Emily R. Ball
Among the great diversity of atmospheric circulation patterns observed throughout the solar system, polar vortices stand out as a nearly ubiquitous planetary-scale phenomenon. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the observation of planetary polar vortices, culminating in the fascinating discovery of Jupiter's polar vortex clusters during the Juno mission. Alongside these observational
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Amazon Hydrology From Space: Scientific Advances and Future Challenges Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-10-12 Alice César Fassoni-Andrade, Ayan Santos Fleischmann, Fabrice Papa, Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de Paiva, Sly Wongchuig, John M. Melack, Adriana Aparecida Moreira, Adrien Paris, Anderson Ruhoff, Claudio Barbosa, Daniel Andrade Maciel, Evlyn Novo, Fabien Durand, Frédéric Frappart, Filipe Aires, Gabriel Medeiros Abrahão, Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, Leonardo Laipelt, Marcos Heil Costa,
As the largest river basin on Earth, the Amazon is of major importance to the world's climate and water resources. Over the past decades, advances in satellite-based remote sensing (RS) have brought our understanding of its terrestrial water cycle and the associated hydrological processes to a new era. Here, we review major studies and the various techniques using satellite RS in the Amazon. We show
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Late Quaternary Abrupt Climate Change in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics: The Continental Signal of Tropical Hydroclimatic Events (THEs) Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-10-04 Raymond S. Bradley, Henry F. Diaz
Tropical hydroclimatic events, characterized by extreme regional rainfall anomalies, were a recurrent feature of marine isotope stages 2–4 and involved some of the most abrupt and dramatic climatic changes in the late Quaternary. These anomalies were pervasive throughout the tropics and resulted from the southward displacement of the Hadley circulation and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-09-29
No abstract is available for this article.
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Structures and Deformation in Glaciers and Ice Sheets Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 Stephen J. A. Jennings, Michael J. Hambrey
The aims of this review are to: (a) describe and interpret structures in valley glaciers in relation to strain history; and (b) to explore how these structures inform our understanding of the kinematics of large ice masses, and a wide range of other aspects of glaciology. Structures in glaciers give insight as to how ice deforms at the macroscopic and larger scale. Structures also provide information
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Origin, Accretion, and Reworking of Continents Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-08-03 Rixiang Zhu, Guochun Zhao, Wenjiao Xiao, Ling Chen, Yanjie Tang
The continental crust is unique to the Earth in the solar system, and controversies remain regarding its origin, accretion and reworking of continents. The plate tectonics theory has been significantly challenged in explaining the origin of Archean (especially pre-3.0 Ga) continents as they rarely preserve hallmarks of plate tectonics. In contrast, growing evidence emerges to support oceanic plateau
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Reanalysis in Earth System Science: Toward Terrestrial Ecosystem Reanalysis Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-30 R. Baatz, H. J. Hendricks Franssen, E. Euskirchen, D. Sihi, M. Dietze, S. Ciavatta, K. Fennel, H. Beck, G. De Lannoy, V. R. N. Pauwels, A. Raiho, C. Montzka, M. Williams, U. Mishra, C. Poppe, S. Zacharias, A. Lausch, L. Samaniego, K. Van Looy, H. Bogena, M. Adamescu, M. Mirtl, A. Fox, K. Goergen, B. S. Naz, Y. Zeng, H. Vereecken
A reanalysis is a physically consistent set of optimally merged simulated model states and historical observational data, using data assimilation. High computational costs for modeled processes and assimilation algorithms has led to Earth system specific reanalysis products for the atmosphere, the ocean and the land separately. Recent developments include the advanced uncertainty quantification and
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Deep Learning for Geophysics: Current and Future Trends Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-06-03 Siwei Yu, Jianwei Ma
Recently deep learning (DL), as a new data-driven technique compared to conventional approaches, has attracted increasing attention in geophysical community, resulting in many opportunities and challenges. DL was proven to have the potential to predict complex system states accurately and relieve the “curse of dimensionality” in large temporal and spatial geophysical applications. We address the basic
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Impacts of Ionospheric Ions on Magnetic Reconnection and Earth's Magnetosphere Dynamics Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-06-03 S. Toledo-Redondo, M. André, N. Aunai, C. R. Chappell, J. Dargent, S. A. Fuselier, A. Glocer, D. B. Graham, S. Haaland, M. Hesse, L. M. Kistler, B. Lavraud, W. Li, T. E. Moore, P. Tenfjord, S. K. Vines
Ionospheric ions (mainly H+, He+, and O+) escape from the ionosphere and populate the Earth's magnetosphere. Their thermal energies are usually low when they first escape the ionosphere, typically a few electron volt to tens of electron volt, but they are energized in their journey through the magnetosphere. The ionospheric population is variable, and it makes significant contributions to the magnetospheric
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-07-01
No abstract is available for this article.
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The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge Rev. Geophys. (IF 25.2) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 Joseph A. MacGregor, Linette N. Boisvert, Brooke Medley, Alek A. Petty, Jeremy P. Harbeck, Robin E. Bell, J. Bryan Blair, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Ellen M. Buckley, Michael S. Christoffersen, James R. Cochran, Beáta M. Csathó, Eugenia L. De Marco, RoseAnne T. Dominguez, Mark A. Fahnestock, Sinéad L. Farrell, S. Prasad Gogineni, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Christy M. Hansen, Michelle A. Hofton, John
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Operation IceBridge (OIB) was a 13-year (2009–2021) airborne mission to survey land and sea ice across the Arctic, Antarctic, and Alaska. Here, we review OIB’s goals, instruments, campaigns, key scientific results, and implications for future investigations of the cryosphere. OIB’s primary goal was to use airborne laser altimetry to bridge