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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Subsurface Environments: Occurrence, Fate, Transport, and Research Prospect Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-08-06 Xueyan Lyu, Feng Xiao, Chongyang Shen, Jingjing Chen, Chang Min Park, Yuanyuan Sun, Markus Flury, Dengjun Wang
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as “forever chemicals”, are manmade chemicals that have been increasingly detected in various geological settings since the early 2000s. The soil and subsurface environments are the geological media commonly affected by PFAS. We conducted a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 through 2022 concerning the fate and transport
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Achievements and Prospects of Global Broadband Seismographic Networks after 30 Years of Continuous Geophysical Observations Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-07-19 A. T. Ringler, R. E. Anthony, R. C. Aster, C. J. Ammon, S. Arrowsmith, H. Benz, C. Ebeling, A. Frassetto, W. -Y. Kim, P. Koelemeijer, H. C. P. Lau, V. Lekić, J. P. Montagner, P. G. Richards, D. P. Schaff, M. Vallée, W. Yeck
Global seismographic networks emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, facilitated by seminal international developments in theory, technology, instrumentation, and data exchange. The mid- to late-20th century saw the creation of the World-Wide Standardized Seismographic Network (WWSSN; 1961) and International Deployment of Accelerometers (IDA; 1976), which advanced global geographic
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-06-28
No abstract is available for this article.
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Climate Change and Weather Extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 G. Zittis, M. Almazroui, P. Alpert, P. Ciais, W. Cramer, Y. Dahdal, M. Fnais, D. Francis, P. Hadjinicolaou, F. Howari, A. Jrrar, D. G. Kaskaoutis, M. Kulmala, G. Lazoglou, N. Mihalopoulos, X. Lin, Y. Rudich, J. Sciare, G. Stenchikov, E. Xoplaki, J. Lelieveld
Observation-based and modeling studies have identified the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region as a prominent climate change hotspot. While several initiatives have addressed the impacts of climate change in parts of the EMME, here we present an updated assessment, covering a wide range of timescales, phenomena and future pathways. Our assessment is based on a revised analysis of recent
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A Review on Bank Retreat: Mechanisms, Observations, and Modeling Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-06-07 Kun Zhao, Giovanni Coco, Zheng Gong, Stephen E. Darby, Stefano Lanzoni, Fan Xu, Kaili Zhang, Ian Townend
Bank retreat plays a fundamental role in fluvial and estuarine dynamics. It affects the cross-sectional evolution of channels, provides a source of sediment, and modulates the diversity of habitats. Understanding and predicting the geomorphological response of fluvial/tidal channels to external driving forces underpins the robust management of water courses and the protection of wetlands. Here, we
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Chemical Mohometry: Assessing Crustal Thickness of Ancient Orogens Using Geochemical and Isotopic Data Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 P. Luffi, M. N. Ducea
Convergent plate boundaries are key sites for continental crustal formation and recycling. Quantifying the evolution of crustal thickness and paleoelevation along ancient convergent margins represents a major goal in orogenic system analyses. Chemical and in some cases isotopic compositions of igneous rocks formed in modern supra-subduction arcs and collisional belts are sensitive to Moho depths at
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Big Data Seismology Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-04-23 S. J. Arrowsmith, D. T. Trugman, J. MacCarthy, K. J. Bergen, D. Lumley, M. B. Magnani
The discipline of seismology is based on observations of ground motion that are inherently undersampled in space and time. Our basic understanding of earthquake processes and our ability to resolve 4D Earth structure are fundamentally limited by data volume. Today, Big Data Seismology is an emergent revolution involving the use of large, data-dense inquiries that is providing new opportunities to make
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Ice-Dynamical Glacier Evolution Modeling—A Review Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-04-23 H. Zekollari, M. Huss, D. Farinotti, S. Lhermitte
Glaciers play a crucial role in the Earth System: they are important water suppliers to lower-lying areas during hot and dry periods, and they are major contributors to the observed present-day sea-level rise. Glaciers can also act as a source of natural hazards and have a major touristic value. Given their societal importance, there is large scientific interest in better understanding and accurately
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Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-04-22 Fabio Florindo, Annmarie G. Carlton, Paolo D’Odorico, Qingyun Duan, Jasper S. Halekas, Gesine Mollenhauer, Eelco J. Rohling, Robert G. Bingham, Emily E. Brodsky, Michel C. Crucifix, Andrew Gettelman, Alan Robock
Reviews of Geophysics is the top-rated journal in Geochemistry and Geophysics (ISI Web of Knowledge category) reflecting the many excellent contributions we received. It is an important milestone achieved with the reviewers' investment of time and effort. Their expertise ensures that the papers published in this journal meet the standards that the research community expects. We sincerely appreciate
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Ice-Nucleating Particles That Impact Clouds and Climate: Observational and Modeling Research Needs Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 Susannah M. Burrows, Christina S. McCluskey, Gavin Cornwell, Isabelle Steinke, Kai Zhang, Bin Zhao, Maria Zawadowicz, Aishwarya Raman, Gourihar Kulkarni, Swarup China, Alla Zelenyuk, Paul J. DeMott
Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a critical role in cloud freezing processes, with important implications for precipitation formation and cloud radiative properties, and thus for weather and climate. Additionally, INP emissions respond to changes in the Earth System and climate, for example, desertification, agricultural practices, and fires, and therefore may introduce climate feedbacks
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Global and Regional Trends and Drivers of Fire Under Climate Change Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Matthew W. Jones, John T. Abatzoglou, Sander Veraverbeke, Niels Andela, Gitta Lasslop, Matthias Forkel, Adam J. P. Smith, Chantelle Burton, Richard A. Betts, Guido R. van der Werf, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Cristina Santín, Crystal Kolden, Stefan H. Doerr, Corinne Le Quéré
Recent wildfire outbreaks around the world have prompted concern that climate change is increasing fire incidence, threatening human livelihood and biodiversity, and perpetuating climate change. Here, we review current understanding of the impacts of climate change on fire weather (weather conditions conducive to the ignition and spread of wildfires) and the consequences for regional fire activity
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How Well Do We Understand the Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Cycle? Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-04-08 David Crisp, Han Dolman, Toste Tanhua, Galen A. McKinley, Judith Hauck, Ana Bastos, Stephen Sitch, Simon Eggleston, Valentin Aich
Fossil fuel combustion, land use change and other human activities have increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) abundance by about 50% since the beginning of the industrial age. The atmospheric CO2 growth rates would have been much larger if natural sinks in the land biosphere and ocean had not removed over half of this anthropogenic CO2. As these CO2 emissions grew, uptake by the ocean increased
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The Role of Quartz Cementation in the Seismic Cycle: A Critical Review Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-03-06 Randolph T. Williams, Åke Fagereng
Because quartz veins are common in fault zones exhumed from earthquake nucleation temperatures (150°C–350°C), quartz cementation may be an important mechanism of strength recovery between earthquakes. This interpretation requires that cementation occurs within a single interseismic period. We review slip-related processes that have been argued to allow rapid quartz precipitation in faults, including:
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Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice Cover Over the Last Century Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-12-09 Lars H. Smedsrud, Morven Muilwijk, Ailin Brakstad, Erica Madonna, Siv K. Lauvset, Clemens Spensberger, Andreas Born, Tor Eldevik, Helge Drange, Emil Jeansson, Camille Li, Are Olsen, Øystein Skagseth, Donald A. Slater, Fiamma Straneo, Kjetil Våge, Marius Årthun
Poleward ocean heat transport is a key process in the earth system. We detail and review the northward Atlantic Water (AW) flow, Arctic Ocean heat transport, and heat loss to the atmosphere since 1900 in relation to sea ice cover. Our synthesis is largely based on a sea ice-ocean model forced by a reanalysis atmosphere (1900–2018) corroborated by a comprehensive hydrographic database (1950–), AW inflow
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Realistic Forests and the Modeling of Forest-Atmosphere Exchange Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-01-04 E. J. Bannister, A. R. MacKenzie, X.-M. Cai
Forests cover nearly a third of the Earth's land area and exchange mass, momentum, and energy with the atmosphere. Most studies of these exchanges, particularly using numerical models, consider forests whose structure has been heavily simplified. In many landscapes, these simplifications are unrealistic. Inhomogeneous landscapes and unsteady weather conditions generate fluid dynamical features that
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Radiocarbon as a Dating Tool and Tracer in Paleoceanography Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-01-12 L. C. Skinner, E. Bard
Radiocarbon is an extremely useful carbon cycle tracer and radiometric dating tool. Here, we review the main principles and challenges involved in the use of radiocarbon in paleoceanography. First, we present a conceptual framework in which there are three possible uses of a radiocarbon measurement: (a) to obtain a calendar age interval, or a fossil entity's age; (b) to obtain an estimate of a carbon
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-12-27
No abstract is available for this article.
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Surface Water and Groundwater Interactions in Salt Marshes and Their Impact on Plant Ecology and Coastal Biogeochemistry Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-02-02 Pei Xin, Alicia Wilson, Chengji Shen, Zhenming Ge, Kevan B. Moffett, Isaac R. Santos, Xiaogang Chen, Xinghua Xu, Yvonne Y. Y. Yau, Willard Moore, Ling Li, D. A. Barry
Salt marshes are highly productive intertidal wetlands providing important ecological services for maintaining coastal biodiversity, buffering against oceanic storms, and acting as efficient carbon sinks. However, about half of these wetlands have been lost globally due to human activities and climate change. Inundated periodically by tidal water, salt marshes are subjected to strong surface water
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From Fluid Flow to Coupled Processes in Fractured Rock: Recent Advances and New Frontiers Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-02-01 H. S. Viswanathan, J. Ajo-Franklin, J. T. Birkholzer, J. W. Carey, Y. Guglielmi, J. D. Hyman, S. Karra, L. J. Pyrak-Nolte, H. Rajaram, G. Srinivasan, D. M. Tartakovsky
Quantitative predictions of natural and induced phenomena in fractured rock is one of the great challenges in the Earth and Energy Sciences with far-reaching economic and environmental impacts. Fractures occupy a very small volume of a subsurface formation but often dominate fluid flow, solute transport and mechanical deformation behavior. They play a central role in CO2 sequestration, nuclear waste
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Climate Changes and Their Elevational Patterns in the Mountains of the World Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2022-01-11 N. C. Pepin, E. Arnone, A. Gobiet, K. Haslinger, S. Kotlarski, C. Notarnicola, E. Palazzi, P. Seibert, S. Serafin, W. Schöner, S. Terzago, J. M. Thornton, M. Vuille, C. Adler
Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or amplify what is occurring elsewhere. Accelerating mountain climate change has extensive environmental impacts, including depletion of snow/ice reserves, critical for the world's water supply. Whilst the concept of elevation-dependent
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The Magnetic and Color Reflectance Properties of Hematite: From Earth to Mars Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-12-30 Zhaoxia Jiang, Qingsong Liu, Andrew P. Roberts, Mark J. Dekkers, Vidal Barrón, José Torrent, Sanzhong Li
Hematite is a canted antiferromagnet with reddish color that occurs widely on Earth and Mars. Identification and quantification of hematite is conveniently achieved through its magnetic and color properties. Hematite characteristics and content are indispensable ingredients in studies of the iron cycle, paleoenvironmental evolution, paleogeographic reconstructions, and comparative planetology (e.g
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Polar Vortices in Planetary Atmospheres Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Dann M. Mitchell, Richard K. Scott, William J. M. Seviour, Stephen I. Thomson, Darryn W. Waugh, Nicholas A. Teanby, Emily R. Ball
Among the great diversity of atmospheric circulation patterns observed throughout the solar system, polar vortices stand out as a nearly ubiquitous planetary-scale phenomenon. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the observation of planetary polar vortices, culminating in the fascinating discovery of Jupiter's polar vortex clusters during the Juno mission. Alongside these observational
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Amazon Hydrology From Space: Scientific Advances and Future Challenges Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-10-12 Alice César Fassoni-Andrade, Ayan Santos Fleischmann, Fabrice Papa, Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de Paiva, Sly Wongchuig, John M. Melack, Adriana Aparecida Moreira, Adrien Paris, Anderson Ruhoff, Claudio Barbosa, Daniel Andrade Maciel, Evlyn Novo, Fabien Durand, Frédéric Frappart, Filipe Aires, Gabriel Medeiros Abrahão, Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira, Jhan Carlo Espinoza, Leonardo Laipelt, Marcos Heil Costa,
As the largest river basin on Earth, the Amazon is of major importance to the world's climate and water resources. Over the past decades, advances in satellite-based remote sensing (RS) have brought our understanding of its terrestrial water cycle and the associated hydrological processes to a new era. Here, we review major studies and the various techniques using satellite RS in the Amazon. We show
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Late Quaternary Abrupt Climate Change in the Tropics and Sub-Tropics: The Continental Signal of Tropical Hydroclimatic Events (THEs) Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-10-04 Raymond S. Bradley, Henry F. Diaz
Tropical hydroclimatic events, characterized by extreme regional rainfall anomalies, were a recurrent feature of marine isotope stages 2–4 and involved some of the most abrupt and dramatic climatic changes in the late Quaternary. These anomalies were pervasive throughout the tropics and resulted from the southward displacement of the Hadley circulation and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-09-29
No abstract is available for this article.
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Structures and Deformation in Glaciers and Ice Sheets Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 Stephen J. A. Jennings, Michael J. Hambrey
The aims of this review are to: (a) describe and interpret structures in valley glaciers in relation to strain history; and (b) to explore how these structures inform our understanding of the kinematics of large ice masses, and a wide range of other aspects of glaciology. Structures in glaciers give insight as to how ice deforms at the macroscopic and larger scale. Structures also provide information
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Origin, Accretion, and Reworking of Continents Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-08-03 Rixiang Zhu, Guochun Zhao, Wenjiao Xiao, Ling Chen, Yanjie Tang
The continental crust is unique to the Earth in the solar system, and controversies remain regarding its origin, accretion and reworking of continents. The plate tectonics theory has been significantly challenged in explaining the origin of Archean (especially pre-3.0 Ga) continents as they rarely preserve hallmarks of plate tectonics. In contrast, growing evidence emerges to support oceanic plateau
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Reanalysis in Earth System Science: Toward Terrestrial Ecosystem Reanalysis Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-07-30 R. Baatz, H. J. Hendricks Franssen, E. Euskirchen, D. Sihi, M. Dietze, S. Ciavatta, K. Fennel, H. Beck, G. De Lannoy, V. R. N. Pauwels, A. Raiho, C. Montzka, M. Williams, U. Mishra, C. Poppe, S. Zacharias, A. Lausch, L. Samaniego, K. Van Looy, H. Bogena, M. Adamescu, M. Mirtl, A. Fox, K. Goergen, B. S. Naz, Y. Zeng, H. Vereecken
A reanalysis is a physically consistent set of optimally merged simulated model states and historical observational data, using data assimilation. High computational costs for modeled processes and assimilation algorithms has led to Earth system specific reanalysis products for the atmosphere, the ocean and the land separately. Recent developments include the advanced uncertainty quantification and
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Deep Learning for Geophysics: Current and Future Trends Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-06-03 Siwei Yu, Jianwei Ma
Recently deep learning (DL), as a new data-driven technique compared to conventional approaches, has attracted increasing attention in geophysical community, resulting in many opportunities and challenges. DL was proven to have the potential to predict complex system states accurately and relieve the “curse of dimensionality” in large temporal and spatial geophysical applications. We address the basic
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Impacts of Ionospheric Ions on Magnetic Reconnection and Earth's Magnetosphere Dynamics Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-06-03 S. Toledo-Redondo, M. André, N. Aunai, C. R. Chappell, J. Dargent, S. A. Fuselier, A. Glocer, D. B. Graham, S. Haaland, M. Hesse, L. M. Kistler, B. Lavraud, W. Li, T. E. Moore, P. Tenfjord, S. K. Vines
Ionospheric ions (mainly H+, He+, and O+) escape from the ionosphere and populate the Earth's magnetosphere. Their thermal energies are usually low when they first escape the ionosphere, typically a few electron volt to tens of electron volt, but they are energized in their journey through the magnetosphere. The ionospheric population is variable, and it makes significant contributions to the magnetospheric
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-07-01
No abstract is available for this article.
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The Scientific Legacy of NASA’s Operation IceBridge Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-05-03 Joseph A. MacGregor, Linette N. Boisvert, Brooke Medley, Alek A. Petty, Jeremy P. Harbeck, Robin E. Bell, J. Bryan Blair, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Ellen M. Buckley, Michael S. Christoffersen, James R. Cochran, Beáta M. Csathó, Eugenia L. De Marco, RoseAnne T. Dominguez, Mark A. Fahnestock, Sinéad L. Farrell, S. Prasad Gogineni, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Christy M. Hansen, Michelle A. Hofton, John
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s Operation IceBridge (OIB) was a 13-year (2009–2021) airborne mission to survey land and sea ice across the Arctic, Antarctic, and Alaska. Here, we review OIB’s goals, instruments, campaigns, key scientific results, and implications for future investigations of the cryosphere. OIB’s primary goal was to use airborne laser altimetry to bridge
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On the Cause of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-05-28 C. J. Berends, P. Köhler, L. J. Lourens, R. S. W. van de Wal
The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT), where the Pleistocene glacial cycles changed from 41 to ∼100 kyr periodicity, is one of the most intriguing unsolved issues in the field of paleoclimatology. Over the course of over four decades of research, several different physical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the MPT, involving non-linear feedbacks between ice sheets and the global climate, the
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Polar Stratospheric Clouds: Satellite Observations, Processes, and Role in Ozone Depletion Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-04-04 Ines Tritscher, Michael C. Pitts, Lamont R. Poole, Simon P. Alexander, Francesco Cairo, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Michael Höpfner, Alyn Lambert, Beiping Luo, Sergey Molleker, Andrew Orr, Ross Salawitch, Marcel Snels, Reinhold Spang, Wolfgang Woiwode, Thomas Peter
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play important roles in stratospheric ozone depletion during winter and spring at high latitudes (e.g., the Antarctic ozone hole). PSC particles provide sites for heterogeneous reactions that convert stable chlorine reservoir species to radicals that destroy ozone catalytically. PSCs also prolong ozone depletion by delaying chlorine deactivation through the removal
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A Decade of Lessons Learned from the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 N. Uchida, R. Bürgmann
The 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake is one of the world's best-recorded ruptures. In the aftermath of this devastating event, it is important to learn from the complete record. We describe the state of knowledge of the megathrust earthquake generation process before the earthquake, and what has been learned in the decade since the historic event. Prior to 2011, there were a number of studies suggesting
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A Quarter Century of Wind Spacecraft Discoveries Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Lynn B. Wilson, Alexandra L. Brosius, Natchimuthuk Gopalswamy, Teresa Nieves‐Chinchilla, Adam Szabo, Kevin Hurley, Tai Phan, Justin C. Kasper, Noé Lugaz, Ian G. Richardson, Christopher H. K. Chen, Daniel Verscharen, Robert T. Wicks, Jason M. TenBarge
The Wind spacecraft, launched on November 1, 1994, is a critical element in NASA’s Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO)—a fleet of spacecraft created to understand the dynamics of the Sun‐Earth system. The combination of its longevity (>25 years in service), its diverse complement of instrumentation, and high resolution and accurate measurements has led to it becoming the “standard candle” of solar
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The Properties of Annually Laminated Stalagmites‐A Global Synthesis Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Andy Baker, Gregoire Mariethoz, Laia Comas‐Bru, Andreas Hartmann, Silvia Frisia, Andrea Borsato, Pauline C. Treble, Asfawossen Asrat
Annually laminated speleothems have the potential to provide information on high‐frequency climate variability and, simultaneously, provide good chronological constraints. However, there are distinct types of speleothem annual laminae, from physical to chemical, and a common mechanism that links their formation has yet to be found. Here, we analyzed annually laminated stalagmites from 23 caves and
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An Integrative Conceptualization of Floodplain Storage Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-03-10 Ellen Wohl
Floodplains perform diverse functions, including attenuation of fluxes of water, solutes, and particulate material. Critical details of floodplain storage including magnitude, duration, and spatial distribution are strongly influenced by floodplain biogeochemical processes and biotic communities. Floodplain storage of diverse materials can be conceptualized in the form of a budget that quantifies inputs
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-04-04
No abstract is available for this article.
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Thank You to Our Peer Reviewers for 2020 Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 Fabio Florindo, Annmarie G. Carlton, Paolo D'Odorico, Qingyun Duan, Jasper S. Halekas, Gesine Mollenhauer, Eelco J. Rohling, Robert G. Bingham, Emily E. Brodsky, Michel C. Crucifix, Andrew Gettelman, Alan Robock
The editorial board thanks the 2020 peer reviewers
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Satellite Observations of the Tropical Terrestrial Carbon Balance and Interactions With the Water Cycle During the 21st Century Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 John Worden, Sassan Saatchi, Michael Keller, A. Anthony Bloom, Junjie Liu, Nicholas Parazoo, Joshua B. Fisher, Kevin Bowman, John T. Reager, Kristen Fahy, David Schimel, Rong Fu, Sarah Worden, Yi Yin, Pierre Gentine, Alexandra G. Konings, Gregory R. Quetin, Mathew Williams, Helen Worden, Mingjie Shi, Armineh Barkhordarian
A constellation of satellites is now in orbit providing information about terrestrial carbon and water storage and fluxes. These combined observations show that the tropical biosphere has changed significantly in the last 2 decades from the combined effects of climate variability and land use. Large areas of forest have been cleared in both wet and dry forests, increasing the source of carbon to the
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-03-06
No abstract is available for this article.
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Anthropogenic Drought: Definition, Challenges, and Opportunities Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-01-28 Amir AghaKouchak, Ali Mirchi, Kaveh Madani, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Ali Nazemi, Aneseh Alborzi, Hassan Anjileli, Marzi Azarderakhsh, Felicia Chiang, Elmira Hassanzadeh, Laurie S. Huning, Iman Mallakpour, Alexandre Martinez, Omid Mazdiyasni, Hamed Moftakhari, Hamid Norouzi, Mojtaba Sadegh, Dalal Sadeqi, Anne F. Van Loon, Niko Wanders
Traditional, mainstream definitions of drought describe it as deficit in water‐related variables or water‐dependent activities (e.g., precipitation, soil moisture, surface and groundwater storage, and irrigation) due to natural variabilities that are out of the control of local decision‐makers. Here, we argue that within coupled human‐water systems, drought must be defined and understood as a process
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Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Mark P. Baldwin, Blanca Ayarzagüena, Thomas Birner, Neal Butchart, Amy H. Butler, Andrew J. Charlton‐Perez, Daniela I. V. Domeisen, Chaim I. Garfinkel, Hella Garny, Edwin P. Gerber, Michaela I. Hegglin, Ulrike Langematz, Nicholas M. Pedatella
Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (~0–50km) are associated with a comp...
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Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Margins Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Aaron Micallef, Mark Person, Christian Berndt, Claudia Bertoni, Denis Cohen, Brandon Dugan, Rob Evans, Amir Haroon, Christian Hensen, Marion Jegen, Kerry Key, Henk Kooi, Volker Liebetrau, Johanna Lofi, Brian J. Mailloux, Renée Martin‐Nagle, Holly A. Michael, Thomas Müller, Mark Schmidt, Katrin Schwalenberg, Elizabeth Trembath‐Reichert, Bradley Weymer, Yipeng Zhang, Ariel T. Thomas
First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address
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Geomorphic and Sedimentary Effects of Modern Climate Change: Current and Anticipated Future Conditions in the Western United States Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Amy E. East, Joel B. Sankey
Hydroclimatic changes associated with global warming over the past 50 years have been documented widely, but physical landscape responses are poorly understood thus far. Detecting sedimentary and geomorphic signals of modern climate change presents challenges owing to short record lengths, difficulty resolving signals in stochastic natural systems, influences of land use and tectonic activity, long‐lasting
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Monsoons, ITCZs and the Concept of the Global Monsoon Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Ruth Geen, Simona Bordoni, David S. Battisti, Katrina Hui
Earth's tropical and subtropical rainbands, such as Intertropical Convergence Zones (ITCZs) and monsoons, are complex systems, governed by both large‐scale constraints on the atmospheric general circulation and regional interactions with continents and orography, and coupled to the ocean. Monsoons have historically been considered as regional large‐scale sea breeze circulations, driven by land‐sea
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The sensitivity of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to a changing climate: Past, present and future Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 T. L. Noble, E. J. Rohling, A. R. A. Aitken, H. C. Bostock, Z. Chase, N. Gomez, L. M. Jong, M. A. King, A. N. Mackintosh, F. S. McCormack, R. M. McKay, L. Menviel, S. J. Phipps, M. E. Weber, C. J. Fogwill, B. Gayen, N. R. Golledge, D. E. Gwyther, A. McC. Hogg, Y. M. Martos, B. Pena‐Molino, J. Roberts, T. Flierdt, T. Williams
The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is out of equilibrium with the current anthropogenic‐enhanced climate forcing. Paleo‐environmental records and ice sheet models reveal that the AIS has been tightly coupled to the climate system during the past, and indicate the potential for accelerated and sustained Antarctic ice mass loss into the future. Modern observations by contrast suggest that the AIS has only
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Exposure and Possible Risks of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Environment—Current Knowledge and Directions for the Future Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 Henning Wigger, Ralf Kägi, Mark Wiesner, Bernd Nowack
The consequences that engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may cause in the environment have been under investigation for more than 15 years. Hundreds of millions of euros/dollars have been invested into safety issues of ENMs, and much progress has been made in the understanding of their fate and effects in the environment. After an initial phase of “observing the effects,” research has shifted toward elucidating
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Faulting Processes Unveiled by Magnetic Properties of Fault Rocks Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Tao Yang, Yu‐Min Chou, Eric C. Ferré, Mark J. Dekkers, Jianye Chen, En‐Chao Yeh, Wataru Tanikawa
As iron‐bearing minerals—ferrimagnetic minerals in particular—are sensitive to stress, temperature, and presence of fluids in fault zones, their magnetic properties provide valuable insights into physical and chemical processes affecting fault rocks. Here, we review the advances made in magnetic studies of fault rocks in the past three decades. We provide a synthesis of the mechanisms that account
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Impact Forecasting to Support Emergency Management of Natural Hazards Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-08-24 Bruno Merz, Christian Kuhlicke, Michael Kunz, Massimiliano Pittore, Andrey Babeyko, David N. Bresch, Daniela I. V. Domeisen, Frauke Feser, Inga Koszalka, Heidi Kreibich, Florian Pantillon, Stefano Parolai, Joaquim G. Pinto, Heinz Jürgen Punge, Eleonora Rivalta, Kai Schröter, Karen Strehlow, Ralf Weisse, Andreas Wurpts
Forecasting and early warning systems are important investments to protect lives, properties, and livelihood. While early warning systems are frequently used to predict the magnitude, location, and timing of potentially damaging events, these systems rarely provide impact estimates, such as the expected amount and distribution of physical damage, human consequences, disruption of services, or financial
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An assessment of Earth's climate sensitivity using multiple lines of evidence Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 S. C. Sherwood, M. J. Webb, J. D. Annan, K. C. Armour, P. M. Forster, J. C. Hargreaves, G. Hegerl, S. A. Klein, K. D. Marvel, E. J. Rohling, M. Watanabe, T. Andrews, P. Braconnot, C. S. Bretherton, G. L. Foster, Z. Hausfather, A. S. Heydt, R. Knutti, T. Mauritsen, J. R. Norris, C. Proistosescu, M. Rugenstein, G. A. Schmidt, K. B. Tokarska, M. D. Zelinka
We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes feedback process understanding, the historical climate record, and the paleoclimate record. An S value lower than 2 K is difficult to reconcile with any of the three lines of evidence. The amount of cooling during the Last Glacial
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-09-24
No abstract is available for this article.
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Updated global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and other weak atmospheric absorbers Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Ø. Hodnebrog, B. Aamaas, J. S. Fuglestvedt, G. Marston, G. Myhre, C. J. Nielsen, M. Sandstad, K. P. Shine, T. J. Wallington
Abstract Human activity has led to increased atmospheric concentrations of many gases, including halocarbons, and may lead to emissions of many more gases. Many of these gases are, on a per molecule basis, powerful greenhouse gases, although at present‐day concentrations their climate effect is in the so‐called weak limit (i.e., their effect scales linearly with concentration). We published a comprehensive
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A Review on Multiphase Underwater Jets and Plumes: Droplets, Hydrodynamics, and Chemistry Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-08-09 Michel C. Boufadel, Scott Socolofsky, Joseph Katz, Di Yang, Cosan Daskiran, William Dewar
Jets and plumes have been the focus of quantitative investigations since the mid‐1950s. These investigations intensified following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in which thousands of tons of oil and natural gas were released into the Gulf of Mexico. This review focuses on plume dynamics that apply to both single‐phase and multiphase liquid‐in‐liquid and liquid plus gas into liquid plumes, including
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Ocean Alkalinity, Buffering and Biogeochemical Processes Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 Jack J. Middelburg, Karline Soetaert, Mathilde Hagens
Abstract Alkalinity, the excess of proton acceptors over donors, plays a major role in ocean chemistry, in buffering and in calcium carbonate precipitation and dissolution. Understanding alkalinity dynamics is pivotal to quantify ocean carbon dioxide uptake during times of global change. Here we review ocean alkalinity and its role in ocean buffering as well as the biogeochemical processes governing
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Hydraulic Fracturing‐Induced Seismicity Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 Ryan Schultz, Robert J. Skoumal, Michael R. Brudzinski, Dave Eaton, Brian Baptie, William Ellsworth
Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is a technique that is used for extracting petroleum resources from impermeable host rocks. In this process, fluid injected under high pressure causes fractures to propagate. This technique has been transformative for the hydrocarbon industry, unlocking otherwise stranded resources; however, environmental concerns make HF controversial. One concern is HF‐induced seismicity
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FOUR THEORIES OF THE MADDEN‐JULIAN OSCILLATION Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 C. Zhang, Á. F. Adames, B. Khouider, B. Wang, D. Yang
Abstract Studies of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) have progressed considerably during the past decades in observations, numerical modeling, and theoretical understanding. Many theoretical attempts have been made to identify the most essential processes responsible for the existence of the MJO. Criteria are proposed to separate a hypothesis from a theory (based on the first principles with quantitative
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Understanding of Contemporary Regional Sea‐level Change and the Implications for the Future Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Benjamin D. Hamlington, Alex S. Gardner, Erik Ivins, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, J. T. Reager, David S. Trossman, Edward D. Zaron, Surendra Adhikari, Anthony Arendt, Andy Aschwanden, Brian D. Beckley, David P. S. Bekaert, Geoffrey Blewitt, Lambert Caron, Don P. Chambers, Hrishikesh A. Chandanpurkar, Knut Christianson, Beata Csatho, Richard I. Cullather, Robert M. DeConto, John T. Fasullo, Thomas Frederikse
Global sea level provides an important indicator of the state of the warming climate, but changes in regional sea level are most relevant for coastal communities around the world. With improvements to the sea-level observing system, the knowledge of regional sea-level change has advanced dramatically in recent years. Satellite measurements coupled with in situ observations have allowed for comprehensive
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Issue Information Rev. Geophys. (IF 24.946) Pub Date : 2020-07-13
No abstract is available for this article.