Rapidly increasing global energy demand and resulting climate change effects have enhanced the integration of renewable systems such as solar photovoltaics into the built environment. For countries with hot climates, despite vast applications and numerous technological advancements, lower efficiencies of the solar panels due to high temperature is still a major disadvantage affecting the feasibility

Rapid urbanization has increased the vulnerability of urban to climate change, with consequent damage to urban ecosystems (e.g., massive carbon emissions, serious environmental problem of heat wave, etc.). Nature-based solution (NBS) can regulate urban ecosystems effectively, such as increasing green infrastructure. Considering limited urban land resources, it is urgent to configure green infrastructure

This study reports an empirical analysis of an all-electric, Net zero energy housing (NZEH) development located in a mixed-humid climate zone (4A, Virginia, USA). Circuit-level energy monitors were used to measure energy consumption and energy production data (solar photovoltaic) at 1-hr intervals in six identical apartments over 24 months. The study employs a multi-step case study methodology to a)

The evaporative cooling technology (ECT) has been regarded as an effective alternative to conventional vapour compression systems due to its energy saving and eco-friendly features. Moreover, when integrating with a solid desiccant unit, ECT can further extend its application in hot and humid environments. This paper proposed and evaluated a solar-assisted solid desiccant Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle)

Dynamic insulation is a promising approach that allows the heat transmission rate through building envelopes to vary in a controlled manner over time. Dynamic insulation's primary function is to change the transmissivity of the building envelope according to the actual outdoor conditions. It is applicable in almost any climate condition. The fundamental contribution of this review paper is to collect

Intelligent lighting systems and surveillance systems have become an important part of intelligent buildings. However, the current intelligent lighting system generally adopts independent sensor control and does not perform multi-source heterogeneous data fusion with other digital systems. This paper fully considers the linkage between the lighting system and the surveillance system and proposes a

The refurbishment of buildings is one of the main keys to pursue the targets of the European Green Deal, and to accomplish the European Union has applied two mechanisms among others: the European policy and the European Research and Technological Development (RTD) projects. On the one hand, the EU has published the Commission Recommendation (EU) 2019/786 with an assessment framework composed by Measurable

Productivity demands, time pressure, and cognitively demanding construction tasks increase workers' arousal and stress; however, it is not clear how these factors may worsen risk compensation effects and lead to unanticipated hazards. This paper examined the extent to which limited time and increased mental load amplify the risk compensatory behavior of workers. Using an immersive mixed-reality environment

In the desert region of northwest China, the frequency of wind-sand disasters is high. All types of concrete buildings built in this area face severe wind erosion due to high wind speed, resulting in varying degrees of wind-erosion damage to concrete. To accomplish intelligent identification of concrete wind-erosion damage, a concrete wind erosion experiment was conducted in the laboratory, and a concrete

Automatic construction progress documentation and metric evaluation of execution work in confined building interiors requires particularly reliable geometric evaluation and interpretation of statistically uncertain as-built point clouds. This paper presents a method for high-resolution change detection based on dense 3D point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and the discretization of space

Construction project management requires dynamic mitigation control to ensure a project's timely completion. Current mitigation approaches are usually performed by an iterative Monte Carlo (MC) analysis which does not reflect (1) the project manager's goal-oriented behavior, (2) contractual project completion performance schemes, and (3) stochastic dependence between construction activities. Therefore

Road maintenance is an important task that ensures the availability and correct function of the road infrastructure. This work presents a methodology that, first, offers an empirical radiometric analysis of the Velodyne VLP-32C laser scanner. Second, it defines a road marking degradation model that estimates the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (night visibility, RL) using the intensity attribute

This paper aims at developing a Historical Building Information Modelling methodology for supporting the diagnosis phase in historical constructions. To this end, the work evaluates the capacity of HBIM for integrating all the data generated during the pre-diagnosis and previous tests, including the data coming from point cloud clustering methods. According to this, we propose different families with

Lowering the potential of airborne disease transmission in school buildings is especially important in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The benefits of increased ventilation and filtration for reducing disease transmission compared to drawbacks of reduced thermal comfort and increased energy consumption and electricity demand are not well described. A comprehensive simulation of outdoor air ventilation

Lateral loads cause extensive damage to buildings due to the weakness of bearing out-of-plane un-reinforced masonry (URM) walls. Strengthening URM walls is consequently favored by researchers aiming at achieving building and respective occupant safety. The strengthening of masonry structures with textile reinforced mortar (TRM) or steel-reinforced mortar (SRM) has become prevalent in the last two decades

Beam and slab design is a critical component of shear wall structure design. Currently, conventional manual design is time-consuming, and defining objective functions and design variables of an optimization design is challenging. In contrast, deep learning methods can learn high-dimensional image features and generate new designs, providing new solutions for efficient and intelligent structural design

Environmental factors (e.g., wind) may deteriorate the volume stability of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC), which undermines structural safety. Therefore, in this study, the effects of wind speeds (WSs) on the early shrinkage (e.g., autogenous/drying shrinkage) of UHPC were investigated, and the shrinkage behaviors were further explained from the evaporation and pore structure distributions of

This paper presents an experimental investigations to study the hysteretic behavior of circular hollow section (CHS) X-connections which widely applied in various tubular structures. Cyclic in-plane bending moment (IPBM) loading patterns and geometric parameter of brace-to-chord diameter ratio (β) were varied in testing four connection specimens, to evaluate the influence of load patterns on the hysteretic

The severe damages to nonstructural components (NSCs) are frequently reported following earthquakes. Suspended piping systems are among the most common NSCs, since they are widely installed in modern buildings. As demonstrated by the failures reported after earthquakes, piping systems are often subjected to piping connection damage, or damage resulted from inadequate braces. Therefore, there is an

Electrically conductive cementitious composite (ECCC) is a multifunctional material utilized in structural health monitoring (SHM), electromagnetic shielding, and pavement deicing. The addition of nano-graphite (NG) in ECCC can prominently enhance the electrical behavior and improve the mechanical strength due to its filling of molecular pores. Besides, magnetite can replace part of graphite owing

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) confinement has been proposed to mitigate the detrimental effects of coal rejects concrete (CRC) in the present study. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) FRP jacket was adopted to confine CRC for a new type of novel column members, and the resulting columns are referred to as PET FRP-Confined Coal Reject columns (PFCCRs). PFCCRs are often sustainable and cost-effective

The Phase-field model emerges as a promising method since it can automatically capture the initiation, propagation, coalescence, and branching of cracks without any tracking algorithms. Despite its success in simulating brittle and quasi-brittle cracks, tensile (mode I) and shear (mode II) fractures cannot be distinguished effectively. Moreover, the phase-field model is rarely applied to specimens

This study aims to investigate the workability, visual appearance and mass loss, compressive, and flexural strength properties of the single and hybrid glass (GL) and basalt (BA) fiber added fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer cement (GPC) mortars after the high-temperature effect. Micro- and macro - GL and BA fibers were added to the GPC mixtures in two different volumetric ratios, 0.5% and 1%. 300, 500

In recent years, steel plate shear walls (SPSW) have been considered as one of the reliable passive seismic-resisting systems, which are classified into two general categories of stiffened and unstiffened types. Unstiffened SPSWs experience early buckling at low shear loads and hence, the pinching occurs in obtained hysteretic curves and this event significantly reduces the amount of dissipated seismic

It is a promising way to strengthen and repair the damaged normal concrete (NC) structure with ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and the interfacial performance between NC and UHPC is a critical issue. This paper aims to reveal the debonding failure performance between UHPC (repair material) and NC (substrate material) under tensile loading and shear loading. A multi-scale analysis method is

While traditional buildings have demonstrated their ability to provide a comfortable indoor thermal environment and to reduce their energy consumption, their ecological and human health performances are not widely known. This paper proposes a new approach to demonstrate and optimize the environmental performances of four traditional Saharan houses through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), mainly by intervening

Energy management in a building is to control and lessen the energy consumption, to decrease both costs and carbon emissions. Building-integrated thermal systems are adept to produce heat. Various scenarios have been planned to integrate heat into a building formation to enhance performance of entity system, supply indoor heating, and provide hot water. Concept backside Flat-plate Solar collector is

Due to the increasing trend towards high-performance concretes in recent years, cement-based spacers are becoming increasingly important instead of plastic-made ones in buildings. Cement-based concrete spacers with high resistance and durability have been produced, and their performance has been assessed in this study. Fly ash and blast furnace slag have been preferred as aggregate in this study due

Sustainable cementitious composite panels are gaining interest as efforts to reduce environmental burdens increase. This study investigated the possibilities and reinforcement effects of developing composite panels from coconut husk derived materials (CM) and reed straw (RS) particles in the presence of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Five composite panels with 1200 kg/m3 densities and 400 × 400 × 8 mm3

ABSTRACT This study undertakes a systematic literature review (SLR) on how the workspace influences female workers and, more generally, gender equality. Within the broader context of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DE&I) matters, gender issues have attracted ample attention from scholars and policymakers. However, research on the specific topic of this SLR is sparse and fragmented, especially for

Utility incentive programs are an important channel to support the deployment of energy efficiency in buildings. To date, these programs have largely been limited to single-component strategies. Many utilities are motivated to identify and develop multi-component system retrofits to achieve deeper energy savings, which are essential to achieving broader energy and greenhouse gas reduction goals in

Energy efficiency and indoor air quality are frequently two conflicting objectives when establishing the air change rate (ACH) of a dwelling. In Europe, the northern countries have a clear focus on energy conservation, leading to an obvious awareness of the importance of airtightness, which translates into a high level of regulation and implementation. Meanwhile, the southern counterparts experience

The distributed solar centralized heating system (DSCHS) is formed by connecting the dispersed solar heating users through the heat pipe network. This system is designed based on research into the effect of various types of distribution ratios of heat users on the overall operating performance of the heating system. Based on the energy balance process analysis of the distributed solar heating system

The freeze–thaw cycling damages the soil structure, and the shear performance of soil are degraded. A series of tests on lime–soil(L–S) and fiber–lime–soil(F–L–S), including freeze–thaw test, the triaxial compression test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, were completed. The test results showed that fiber reinforcement changed the stress–strain behavior

In practice, monthly temperature records play a major role calculating the heating and cooling degree-days of the air conditioner management in buildings. Classically, heating and cooling degree calculations are based on the comparison of outdoor temperature measurements with a standard level called the base temperature. Truncating the temperature series at a constant base temperature causes heating

It has been a pressing challenge for human beings to reduce the energy consumption of buildings and decrease carbon emission. The application of photovoltaic (PV) system in buildings is identified as a renewable energy and carbon reduction approach. As a kind of typical building, the gymnasium usually has a large non-occupation roof area, which shows great application potential to cover the building

The BIM modeling of Multi-Component Subgrade in a Railway Station (MCSRS) suffers from an inefficient manual approach due to its specific features and absence of a data standard. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) has been widely used for describing various components in the building industry while its current version fails to depict an MCSRS. In this study, the IFC is extended to describe the geometric

3D-printing has been growing in acceptance in the construction industry owing to its transformative potential in concrete materials. One of the main challenges for its further adoption is the integration of reinforcement given the difficulty of incorporating steel rebars and the formation of cold joints between filaments. This study proposes the use of barbed wires, fencing wires with sharp thorn-like

The recent shortage of young skilled laborers is one of the impending issues facing the global construction industry. To address these issues, the prefabricated external insulation system (PEIS) can be suggested as an alternative. However, before applying it to construction projects, a construction productivity analysis is difficult due to the complexity of simulation modeling and the absence of real

The present work evaluates compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) through systematic laboratory testing under varying strain rate conditions followed by a numerical calibration study. The result of this study shows that both the compressive and splitting tensile strength are significantly dependent on displacement rate. It was found that the compressive

The LED display, i.e., the center-hung scoreboard, nowadays has become an indispensable display device in large stadiums, and some of which with weight is more than 30t. To investigate the influence of center-hung scoreboard load on the dynamic characteristics of the suspend-dome structure, a 1:20 dynamically scaled model of the Lanzhou Olympic Sports Complex was designed, considering different lifting-lowering

The hydraulic thrust system that emphasizes grouped controlling of the shield machine is used for driving forward and pose adjustment. To control and regulate the pose of the shield machine precisely, it is of great significance to solve the total thrust and grouped thrusts (thrusts for different cylinder groups) reasonably. This study aims to develop a novel thrust model to calculate the total thrust

As an unsupervised-learning data-driven model, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently attracted a lot of attention for various applications. There is potential to apply GANs for large-scale building power demand prediction, which is needed for power grid operation. However, there are many GAN variations and it is unclear which GAN is suitable for this application. To answer this question

This paper describes a pipeline for automatically generating level of detail (LOD) models (digital twins), specifically LOD2 and LOD3, from free-standing buildings. Our approach combines structure from motion (SfM) with deep-learning-based segmentation techniques. Given multiple-view images of a building, we compute a three-dimensional (3D) planar abstraction (LOD2 model) of its point cloud using SfM

In image-based pipe defect detection research, the effective utilization of the information in the two-dimension (2D) image is directly related to the sampling of the image. The existing inspection methods do not analyze the pipeline imaging but rather directly use the object detection method for defect detection, resulting in a bottleneck problem for the accuracy. In this study, the pipeline imaging

The article presents the results of numerical analyses and experimental research concerning the neural evaluation of the mass moisture content Umc of brick walls in historic buildings. For the purpose of training, testing and validating artificial neural networks, a representative data set was built on the basis of tests of the moisture content and salinity of brick walls in ten historic buildings

Current deep-learning-based excavator pose estimation methods usually face problems such as high memory consumption and low operation speed owing to large parameter redundancy. This paper presents a joint node-based excavator pose estimation approach using a lightweight fully convolutional network (FCN) that achieves higher accuracy with lower computation and storage requirements. The method directly

Automatic pavement distress detection is essential to monitoring and maintaining pavement condition. Currently, many deep learning-based methods have been utilized in pavement distress detection. However, distress segmentation remains as a challenge under complex pavement conditions. In this paper, a novel deep neural network architecture, W-segnet, based on multi-scale feature fusions, is proposed

The scope of geotechnical investigations in tunnel projects is generally driven by the allocated resources rather than the expected variability in the ground conditions. Uncertainties in ground conditions may lead to poor decisions in project planning and active risk management. This paper presents a systematic and rational methodology to identify priority locations of additional geotechnical investigations

The mechanical properties of high-stiffness segmental joints (HSSJs) in deep-buried drainage shield tunnels bearing high inner water pressure are different from those of segmental joints that do not face inner pressure; therefore, full-scale bending experiments for two kinds of HSSJs were conducted to reveal the mechanical behaviors of HSSJs under the action of inner water pressure and evaluate the

Subgrade modulus is a critical parameter when analyzing the segmental lining of shield tunnels. However, prevailing analytical solutions of radial subgrade modulus (kr) are based on predefined ideal deformation modes, either circular or oval, which are not consistent with the actual ground deformation, and the influence of the grout layer is commonly neglected. In view of this, this study presents