We studied the mechanical properties of MgO/hydromagnesite mortars cured at 20 °C both in humid (98 %RH) and dry (57 %RH) environments. The linear storage Young's modulus was determined with quasi-static loading and dynamically by SIngle MOde Resonance Ultrasound Spectroscopy (SIMORUS) measurements. We measured the corresponding loss modulus and the nonlinear counterpart of the storage modulus. Humid

This paper presents a single-phase cement-based mechanical metamaterial for vibration control. The unit cell consists of a cement-based matrix with tailored spiral slits, functioning as an embedded spring-mass system. The local resonance of the spiral resonators generates a band gap within a specific frequency range, in which input vibration energy is effectively absorbed. Both experimental and analytical

The chemical binding of free chloride ions in cementitious materials, crucial for prolonging their lifespan, relies heavily on aluminate hydrates and can be modulated by incorporating the layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Yet, the currently synthesized LDHs in field of cement and concrete usually suffer from nano crystallites aggregation, limiting their potential as nanofillers and hindering the chloride-capturing

This study systematically investigates the mechanical behavior and energy absorption properties of anisotropic 3D-printed engineered cementitious composite (3DP-ECC) beams under low-velocity impact, with a focus on performance variations across different loading directions. A comprehensive experimental program, including quasi-static compression, tensile, three-point flexural, and low-velocity impact

The injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) into cementitious systems has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing sustainability in concrete production. This study explores the impact of CO2 injection on the rheological behavior, structural build-up, and particle size evolution of cement paste by systematically varying the water-to-cement ratio (w/c) (0.35, 0.4, and 0.5) and CO2 concentration (0.06

Utilizing seawater in the formulation of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) presents promising opportunities in marine civil engineering. This study investigates the chloride-induced corrosion behavior of carbon steel within seawater-mixed Portland cement-SF-MK ternary pastes with a low water-to-binder ratio, through electrochemical measurements. The findings reveal that the incorporation of supplementary

Autonomous robots have the potential to significantly improve the operational efficiency of multi‐robot systems (MRSs) under environment uncertainties. Achieving robust performance in these settings requires effective task allocation and adaptive path‐finding. However, conventional model‐based frameworks often rely on centralized control or global information, making them impractical when communication

To address the high rate of workplace accidents in the construction industry, this paper proposed an automated hazard identification process using building information modeling (BIM) and ontology. In South Korea, legislation mandates risk assessment and safety documentation to prevent construction accidents by identifying potential hazards. Current methods rely on the experience of personnel, which

Large, complex structures like bridges are essential infrastructure, expensive to design, construct, monitor, and maintain. The digitisation of bridges has advanced in areas such as structural health monitoring, maintenance, load simulation, and bridge information modelling. 3D laser scanning captures these structures in digital space, and recent advancements have improved the creation of realistic

Accurate and real-time object detection in complex construction scenes from multiple viewpoints plays a crucial role in effective project management. However, this task remains limited by boundary information sharing and scene sensitivity inherent in deep features. To investigate the deep features in construction scenes and analyze method performance, SODA and VisDrone datasets, mean Average Precision

Given the urgency of reducing the buildings' environmental impact, this article focuses on optimizing sustainability from the earliest design phases, when decisions have the greatest influence. To address the challenges posed by the coarse granularity of digital models during the sketching phase and the often-conflicting nature of sustainability criteria, a generative workflow is proposed. This workflow

The dimensional inspection of reinforcing bars at construction sites prior to concrete pouring is essential to ensure structural integrity. However, this process has traditionally relied on manual tape measurements, which are labor‐intensive, unsafe, and prone to human error. To address these limitations, this study introduces a novel method for remotely inspecting the spacings and lengths of reinforcing

The rise of exascale supercomputing has motivated an increase in high‐fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The detail in these simulations, often involving shape‐dependent, time‐variant flow domains and low‐speed, complex, turbulent flows, is essential for fueling innovations in fields like wind, civil, automotive, or aerospace engineering. However, the massive amount of data these

Zero-carbon buildings achieve energy self-sufficiency through renewable energy like wind and solar, but their power generation is intermittent, while electric vehicles (EVs) as flexible loads can compensate for this drawback. However, the current prevalence of uncoordinated EV charging loads poses significant challenges to grid stability, making the implementation of coordinated control strategies

Advances in battery and renewable energy technologies have increased the adoption of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS) in residential settings to reduce energy costs. This research aims to optimize energy utilization, enhance renewable integration, and reduce dependence on the main grid during peak hours by proposing a hybrid Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS)

The existence of spatial patterns in the adoption of small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is widely accepted in academic literature. The diffusion of these systems depends on the decisions of heterogenous units, often households, that form their decision based on unit characteristics and attitudes, the built environment, economic and physical factors, as well as peer effects. When including

Fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) in HVAC systems is critical for maintaining optimal indoor environmental quality and ensuring energy efficiency. Undetected faults in HVAC components can lead to increased energy consumption, occupant discomfort, and higher maintenance costs. Traditional FDD requires symptoms to appear during the normal operation of a building, which may require waiting for a considerable

The building sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and regulations are increasingly promoting the use of bio-based insulation materials to support decarbonization. After an interesting literature review, this study evaluates the potential of wheat straw as an insulation material for construction and renovation in France. It quantifies the amount of straw realistically available

As cities face climate change and urbanization challenges, cool façade systems like advanced coating materials and living green walls (LGWs) have become popular because of their potential to improve urban sustainability and the thermal performance of existing buildings. The cool facade systems aim to mitigate the urban heat island effect by reducing heat absorption, enhancing occupant thermal comfort

The formation of solid solutions of Mg‑carbonates incorporating Zn2+ was investigated. The presence of Zn retarded the reaction of brucite at the early stages but increased its reaction in the long-term. The initially formed nesquehonite [MgCO3·3H2O] and brucite converted to dypingite [Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·5H2O] with time, both in the absence and presence of Zn, while dypingite remained stable throughout

In karst areas, the groundwater typically exhibits high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2-rich water), which leads to the calcium leaching of underground concrete structures. The deterioration of concrete cover can cause the corrosion of the steel bars, resulting in a serious threat to the durability of the structures. In this paper, the degradation behaviors and microstructure development of cement paste

This study investigates the microhardness and geometric degradation mechanisms of interfacial transition zones (ITZs) in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) exposed to saline soil attack, focusing on the influence of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Ten RAC mixtures incorporating fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), silica fume (SF), and metakaolin (MK) at 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) captures precise geometric data for civil infrastructures on status monitoring and digital model creation. However, TLS data collection requires manually setting the scanning range, which limits automation and can lead to redundant background data. This paper introduces an image semantic-guided TLS scanning mode for completely automatic data acquisition. Leveraging

Optimizing autonomous motion planning for robots in dynamic and uncertain construction environments is crucial. Real-time planning is challenged by the complexity of map-building data processing and path optimization. This paper introduced a dynamic motion planning approach utilizing low-feature data, multi-constraint path planning, and flexible positioning. A multi-sensor data fusion method generates

This paper presents a constrained transformer-based diffusion model for generating accessibility-aware and spatially coherent multi-occupancy building floor plans to support early-stage design. Existing approaches often produce low-resolution outputs and lack fine-grained control over room configurations. To address these issues, the proposed approach employs a latent transformer-based diffusion model

This review paper investigates a comprehensive review of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based indoor positioning systems (IPS), focusing on key techniques, challenges, and advancements. It categorizes IPS methods into geometric mapping and fingerprinting, analyzing their strengths and limitations. The integration of machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning is explored to improve accuracy

Predicting changes in track irregularity after tamping is important for assisting maintenance decisions and improving construction efficiency. To date, most prediction methods lack consideration for the uncertainties related to tamping effects. To fill this gap, a multi‐module prediction interval system composed of feature selection, interval scaling, and intelligent predictor has been constructed

With the continuous increase in underground engineering depth, rockburst—a highly destructive geological hazard—poses a significant threat to the safety and stability of engineering projects. This study focuses on the rockburst challenges in the −1915 m ultra-deep shaft project of the Sanshandao Gold Mine, situated 125 m from the active Sanshandao Fault Zone. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical

Shield tunnels are often excavated in mixed soil layer, in which the soil interface changes greatly. Such complex soil changes often lead to tunnel collapse and land subsidence exceeding limits. The coupling effects of formation inclination and composite ratio (ratio of soft soil thickness to tunnel diameter) on the failure mechanism and surface settlement deformation are investigated based on the

Under complex geological and construction conditions, the deformation prediction of drill-and-blast tunnel faces various challenges: limited generalizability of prediction models and acquisition of real-time deformation development data. To address these issues, this study develops a deep-learning model framework, CIembed-TFDF, for predicting deformation in the transversal section at tunnel faces.

The indoor thermal environment plays a vital role in the psychological and physiological health of elderly individuals with dementia, particularly in the context of climate change. Due to impaired thermoregulation and cognitive confusion, the thermal responses of those with dementia remain poorly understood. This study aims to preliminarily explore the unique subjective, physiological, and behavioural

Commercial buildings in high-density urban regions, such as Hong Kong, account for 65 % of total electricity consumption, with 25 % attributed to cooling systems. Modern large-scale buildings deploy multiple-chiller plants to balance reliability and part-load efficiency. However, traditional rule-based control (RBC) strategies for chiller sequencing often fail to adapt to dynamic operating conditions

Building energy consumption is heavily influenced by occupant behavior, yet many heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems operate on static or pre-defined schedules that may not capture real-time occupancy dynamics. This study presents a novel comparative evaluation of vision-based deep learning methods, specifically YOLO, a single-shot detection model, and Faster R-CNN, a two-stage

The REcycled Stone and Concrete Unit (RESCIU) is an exemplary case study of load-bearing composite masonry units (cMU) based on a unique and registered design that involves sandwiching a 12 mm S-shaped biobased polyurethane foam (BPUF) between C-shaped recycled solid elements, one in Globigerina limestone and the other in concrete.

Personalized comfort systems compared to conventional whole-space heating/cooling can simultaneously target individual requirements and reduce the building energy consumption. Renewable wooden furniture in interior spaces can influence human emotional perception and even thermal exchange, while the impregnation of the phase-change materials (PCM) can further improve their thermal regulation characteristics

To meet the heat dissipation requirements of artificial ice rinks, this study systematically analyzed the heat dissipation characteristics of cooling pipes and anti - freezing pipes and their influencing factors through the coupling of numerical simulation, machine learning, and experiments. The results show that there is a linear negative correlation between the temperature of the cooling pipes and

No Abstract

Cement pastes were exposed to 0.10 mol/L Na2SO4 and MgSO4 solutions at 20 °C for over three years to investigate the precipitation mechanism of thaumasite and the associated phase evolution. Powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that samples exposed to MgSO4

This study investigates the effect of autogenous self-healing in high-performance ternary concrete mixes incorporating biomass forest ash when exposed to concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). To analyse this phenomenon, three cementitious systems were studied: i) 100 % Portland cement, ii) 60 % Portland cement, 25 % biomass ash, and 15 % metakaolin, and iii) 60 % Portland cement, 25 % limestone filler

The current manual approach for designing reinforced concrete, guided by structural design codes, is inefficient and susceptible to human error. This paper presents a Large Language Model (LLM) framework to automate code-compliant design and achieve interpretability and verifiability. The framework decomposes complex tasks into subtasks handled by coordinated LLM agents with specialized expertise,

This study focuses on the thermal buckling analysis of a confined noncircular pipeline with an oval inverted arch subjected to thermal loads. A trigonometric formula is employed to illustrate the radial inward deflection of the pipeline resulting from the rigid confinement of the surrounding medium (soils/rocks). The governing equations are derived by integrating the classical shell theory with energy

The thermal runaway risk of power cells inside tunnels is non-negligible, particularly considering the dramatic increase in electric vehicles and tunnels with the development of cities, thus an experimental investigation is performed in this research to disclose the thermal runaway properties of power cells at tunnel scenarios; in which, the impact of cell state of charge (SOC), capacity, and chemistry

Contact loss defects (CLD) have a significant impact on the seismic performance of shield tunnels with segmental joints. Accurately evaluating the seismic resilience of tunnels under the influence of CLD is crucial for ensuring the safety of urban rail transit systems. In this study, a comprehensive dataset considering the effects of CLD was constructed using actual ground penetrating radar (GPR) detection

This research puts forward an intelligent analysis framework to tackle key issues in the collaborative analysis of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) within urban foundation pit projects. These issues include model conversion distortion, poor mesh convergence, and low efficiency in multi – case iterations. By integrating BIM parametric modeling with FEM automated

This paper aims to study the influence of beams depth on the smoke flow characteristics in a long-closed channel with lateral opening and multiple ceiling beams. A series of full-scale experiments and numerical simulations with different fire heat release rates and beam depths were carried out. The influence of beams depth on the smoke spreading, the longitudinal ceiling temperature distribution, the

The reinforcement of tunnels in weak surrounding rock using anchor bolts establishes an anchorage layer that collaborates in bearing loads, constituting a widely employed reinforcement technique. However, the bearing capacity of the anchorage layer remains unquantified, its failure response inadequately investigated, and the reinforcement mechanism of anchor bolts has yet to be comprehensively elucidated

The shield tail sealing system plays a vital role in averting water-inflow incidents during shield tunneling, garnering considerable attention from both academic and engineering communities due to its sealing efficacy and failure determinants. This research investigates the influence of various shield tail clearances on the interaction between grease and shield tail brushes, as well as the subsequent

Conducting seismic research on large-scale urban underground rail transit networks is a frontier topic in the development of resilient cities. However, existing studies excessively simplify the characteristics and physical mechanisms of regional seismic motion. A comprehensive seismic analysis method considering the whole process of source-path-structure has not been formed. Hence, to simulate the

This study proposed an intelligent hole-position planning method for tunnel blasting to address challenges such as inconsistent hole layout rules and the lack of mathematical methods to coordinate uneven hole positions. This method considered the initiation sequence and rock-breaking direction. A hole layout rule is established based on the burden uniformity. The impact of several design factors on

This study examines the feasibility of integrating enhanced rooftop PV systems into low-cost building designs by optimizing roof pitch angles and employing two-sided gable PV module mounting. Computational modelling was used to evaluate the impact of roof pitch angles on PV potential and system performance. Key meteorological parameters at the location (6.52° latitude, 6.29972° longitude) include monthly

The building sector and the policies aimed at decarbonising its energy uses are expected to play a crucial role to achieve the climate targets. Attention has been arising on the capability of this sector to provide flexibility to the power grid through the implementation of Demand Response programmes via reversible heat pumps. In the present paper a detailed analysis of the flexibility induced on the

The design of the building envelope plays a crucial role in constructing energy-efficient buildings. However, for buildings made of materials with low thermal resistance and a low solar reflectance index, such as temporary housing, maintaining a comfortable indoor environment results in significant energy consumption for air conditioning. In this study, we proposed a cold ceiling by integrating the

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) offers a promising approach to reducing CO2 emissions in the construction industry. However, the early-age compressive strength of LC3 is notably low, primarily due to the high clinker substitution level. This study introduces an innovative carbonate-activated calcined clay cement system, termed C4, produced through a two-step process: pretreating metakaolin (MK)

In this study, a hyper-gravity environment was used for carbonation, aiming at achieving rapid carbonation for activating recycled concrete powder (RCP). The degree of carbonation, mineralogical changes, and microstructural evolution of the RCP during hyper-gravity carbonation (HGC) were monitored and compared with normal carbonation (NC). The results showed that HGC exhibited a carbonation rate 30

3D concrete printing (3DCP) enables fabrication of intricate architectures that mimic natural materials and augment desired mechanical and structural properties. This study presents a digital framework for fabricating fibre-reinforced concrete internal architectures via 3DCP on non-planar surfaces. Arched beams with Bouligand structures were printed, and their microstructures and mechanical properties

This study investigates the thermal enhancement of phase change material (PCM) incorporated concrete using graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) for low-temperature applications. While previous research has explored PCM-impregnated lightweight aggregates (PCM-LWAs) for thermal regulation in concrete, the low thermal conductivity and supercooling behavior of PCMs remain critical challenges. This study addresses

This paper reviews the efficiency of approximately 150 net-zero strategies for reinforced concrete, based on around 180 references. These strategies cover raw materials, manufacturing, transportation, construction, carbon calculation, standards, and projects/applications. The results show that CO2 emissions from cement can be reduced by 6% to 70% by developing low-carbon cement, such as geopolymer

The threat of loss of stability of underground workings is one of the most serious dangers accompanying underground mineral exploitation. Over the years, as the depth of the deposits increased and working conditions deteriorated, the scale of the threat increased, translating into a serious risk to the life and health of the mining crew. In order to increase work safety and at the same time ensure

With the development of shield tunnels towards larger cross-sections and more complex joint structures, the longitudinal–transverse coupling effect of segment structures has become increasingly significant. Assessing the force transmission effect between segmental rings is crucial for optimizing segment structures design. A full-scale loading test was conducted on staggered joint assembly segment structures