Biology uses chemical potential differences from molecules like ATP to drive membrane pumps, transporting molecules across membranes even against concentration gradients. Here, we report a synthetic system that transports small molecules from an aqueous phase (the sender) to an aqueous receiver across a centimeter-sized immiscible solvent at the expense of chemical energy. Molecules with high chemical

The ability to create new-to-nature enzymes would substantially advance bioengineering, medicine, and the chemical industry. Despite recent breakthroughs in protein design and structure prediction, designing biocatalysts with enzyme-like efficiency remains challenging. Here, we present AI.zymes, a modular platform integrating cutting-edge protein engineering algorithms within an evolutionary framework

Electrochemical water splitting is a key process in clean energy applications and usually occurs on the surface of catalytic materials. Here we report the anomalous partial water splitting, namely water deprotonation behavior within the lattice of hydrated materials modeled by Fe1-xMgx(C2O4) • 2H2O (x ≈ 0.25-0.43), which triggers the otherwise inactive framework into an excellent cathode material for

The initial coalescence of drops with bulk liquid in various outer fluids was investigated, focusing on the effect of outer fluid's viscosity. The inner fluids included both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. A micro-particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) system with 0.2 ms temporal and 5.2 μm spatial resolution quantified the flow field and mapped the viscosity distribution within the coalescing

CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) provides a promising pathway for carbon utilization, but achieving high single-pass conversion is hindered by mass transfer limitations and the scalability constraints of conventional reactor designs. This work introduces a novel bubble-plate electrolyzer (BPE) that incorporates cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) catalysts immobilized on carbon paper substrates. This design creates

The paragraph at the bottom of page 50 and the top of page 51 of the Supporting Information was corrected to “In the absence of light, very weak radical signals were detected by EPR for the reaction mixture with DMPO. In contrast, isotropic EPR spectrum of the system exposed to photodecomposition displays the characteristic EPR signals of DMPO-trapped tert-butoxy (g = 2.0063, A(N) = 1.32 mT, A(Hβ)

The high oxygen transport resistance at the carbon/ionomer interface is one of the primary limitations for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with low platinum (Pt) loadings. This study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore how oxygen-containing functional groups on carbon supports influence ionomer distribution and oxygen permeation. Results show that C=O and C-O-C groups prevent

This study presents a comprehensive framework that integrates ML algorithms with synthetic accessibility assessments to facilitate the identification of novel materials with superior charge transport properties. Over 40 learning models were evaluated and tested to accurately predict the hole mobility, random forest regressor was identified as the most effective model (r-squared value of 0.53). 20 thousand

Concentration polarization poses a significant challenge in electro-membrane processes, primarily due to the depletion of electrolytes resulting from inadequate fluid hydrodynamic conditions within the spacer. Here, we propose a novel Reuleaux triangle structure design to achieve a more uniform fluid displacement through continuous rotation within a circular envelope. This enhances fluid circulation

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous polymeric materials formed by organic monomers linked through covalent bonds. Owing to their substantial specific surface area, convenient functionalization, and porous architecture, they are utilized in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The review summarized the synthesis methods for COFs, including boron-based COFs, imine-based COFs, triazine-based

The formation of liquid bridge morphology is dominated by three key parameters, namely liquid volume, separation distance, and wettability, which synergistically modulate capillary bridge force. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, we performed experimental and computational studies using water and ethylene glycol across liquid volumes (0.2–10 μL) and separation distances (0–2.5 mm). Our results indicate

In this manuscript, selenide (Se)-doped cobalt sulfide (CoS2-xSex/NC) with accordion architecture has been triumphantly synthesized by the synergistic high-temperature sulfidation/selenization processes of the layered close-packed structure precursor. The successful Se doping into CoS2 crystal structure can effectively extend to the interlayer spacing of CoS2 and greatly improve the electrochemical

Waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells wafers have extremely high recycling value, and efficient recycling of them can not only reduce environmental pollution but also avoid the waste of resources. The current pyrometallurgical technology has a low recovery efficiency for high-value metals in battery cells and lacks an effective method for regulating element separation. In this paper, direct

Barium (Ba2+) cation-exchanged Engelhard Titanosilicate-4 (ETS-4) has shown great potential as an adsorbent for the removal of nitrogen (N2) from low-grade natural gas or biogas. Its pore size can be adjusted through dehydration by thermal treatment and halogen substitution of terminal hydroxyl groups in the main channel. In this study, we explore an additional method to modify the pore size of ETS-4

Comprehensive understanding effect of the distillation end-cutting temperature of middle distillates on deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is crucial for refinery to optimize the process in producing ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD). However, there is limited information in quantitative correlation of the end-cutting temperature of middle distillates with their HDS reactivities in the literature. Four straight