Spectrum sharing deployment of femtocells brings interferences which dramatically degrade network performance. Hence, interference control is a crucial challenge for femtocell networks. In this paper, we propose a power optimization approach for 5G femtocell networks consisting of macrocell and underlying femtocells to manage the interference. Firstly, we formulate the problem based on a non-cooperative

This paper presents a new hard-wired combinational Binary Neural Network (BNN) architecture and its design methodology, where the networks are constructed and trained with the aim of tackling the problem of classifying IP packets efficiently for Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Shallow, single-hidden-layer BNNs are trained on benchmark NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets and achieve accuracy rates (77

The emergence of the blockchain phenomenon affects various aspects of human life. Public sector reforms are also influenced by this trend. E-government leaders around the world are tentatively beginning to grasp the potential of blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies, especially with regard to their promise to provide more decentralized information management solutions in government and

Establishing a human motion reconstruction system from very few constraints imposed on the body has been an interesting and important research topic because it significantly reduces the degrees of freedom to be managed. However, it is a well-known mathematically ill-posed problem as the dimension of constraints is much lower than that of the human pose to be determined. Therefore, it is challenging

Identification of image provenance is one of the crucial tasks to be tackled in the field of image forensics. Due to the rapid growth in technology, a huge amount of digital images are shared among users through social networks which facilitates many malicious activities. Establishing the provenance of downloaded images is an important task that could help focus investigations in a specific direction

Because edge modification problems are computationally difficult for most target graph classes, considerable attention has been devoted to inclusion-minimal edge modifications, which are usually polynomial-time computable and which can serve as an approximation of minimum cardinality edge modifications, albeit with no guarantee on the cardinality of the resulting modification set. Over the past fifteen

Rotation symmetric Boolean functions are potentially rich in functions of cryptographic significance. In this paper, a new construction of odd-variable rotation symmetric Boolean functions with optimal algebraic immunity is presented. By a direct calculation, the nonlinearity of the newly constructed functions is higher than the nonlinearities of all the known odd-variable rotation symmetric Boolean

The Maximum Vertex Coverage problem (abbreviated as MVC) is to maximum the number of edges covered by a set of vertices of size exactly K on a graph. This problem is the dual of the vertex cover problem and has attracted a lot of interests in the literature of approximation algorithm. So far, the best approximation factor for the MVC problem is 3/4, which is obtained using an LP-rounding method. The

Currently, proper modeling of a biological system in an uncertain situation is a challenging task for researchers. Facing this challenge, in this article, a new concept of interval representation named as linear parametric representation is introduced by which a biological system in an uncertain situation can be formulated mathematically in a precise way. The aim of this work is to formulate a three

This paper investigates the suitability of the AnyDSL partial evaluation framework to implement tinyMD: an efficient, scalable, and portable simulation of pairwise interactions among particles. We compare tinyMD with the miniMD proxy application that scales very well on parallel supercomputers. We discuss the differences between both implementations and contrast miniMD’s performance for single-node

Encryption schemes like AES require finite field modular multiplication. The encryption speed is highly dependent on the performance of the finite field multiplier. Several high-speed systolic bit parallel multipliers with low area complexity have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, a modular multiplication algorithm is used to propose a bit parallel polynomial basis systolic multiplier

Electrical load forecasting is an integral tool used by the grid operator to operate the smart power network. The information related to the electrical load is a prerequisite towards the effective and optimal operation of the power network with renewable and conventional generation resources. Economical bidding in the energy markets is directing research towards a superior forecasting model. Statistical

Feature selection plays a vital role in many fields, particularly in pattern recognition and bioinformatics, for selecting informative and relevant features from high dimensional datasets. The increase in dimensionality of data along with the existence of redundant and irrelevant features leads to challenging performance issues when processing and analysing the data. In this paper, an effective feature

In this research, a novel hybrid method MCXGBoost-Bagging-RegPSO is proposed for direction forecasting of the high-frequency Apple Futures’ price and simulation trading. First, a multi-classification method based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is established for Apple Futures price direction classification, while the Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization (RegPSO) is adopted to optimize

The fine segmentation of brain tumor, which is instrumental in brain tumor diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis, is becoming a research hotspot in medical images processing. However, manual segmentation is labor-intensive, time-consuming and easily affected by subjective and objective factors. Automatic segmentation methods based on deep learning have attracted significant interest in recent

It is difficult to make scientific decisions for multistage complex decision-making problems, which are heavily affected by multi-level attributes, stage changes, and multi-source heterogeneous information. The normal cloud model is an uncertainty transformation model for constructing mappings between numerical values and their linguistic representations, which can be used to describe multi-source

In recent years, deep learning-based models have achieved significant advances in manifold computer vision problems, but tedious parameter tuning has complicated their application to computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems. As such, this study introduces a novel pruning strategy to improve the accuracy of five lightweight deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architectures applied to the classification

Credit scoring is a statistical technique that guides financial institutions to make informed decisions regarding the extension of loans to customers based on cautious examination of their historical records with the intent of reducing the organization’s operational costs and eliminate potential risks. Irrelevant attributes often degrade the classification accuracy, thus feature selection can help

Forecasting is important in the decision-making process. Therefore, among many forecasting algorithms that have been developed, fuzzy neural network (FNN) has been widely applied. The FNN structure is commonly trained using a back-propagation algorithm. However, this algorithm is sensitive to the initial weights and high computation, especially for complex problems. Thus, this study intended to overcome

Owing to the rapidly changing customer preferences and demands, the e-commerce industry encounters various uncertainties and risks to enhance competitiveness. Quality function deployment (QFD) is a commonly used model, which can translate customer requirements (CRs) into products or service design requirements (DRs), to improve competitiveness by launching a new business. To measure the uncertainties

Discrete Event Systems (DESs) are classically modeled as Finite State Machines (FSMs), and controlled in a maximally permissive, controllable, and nonblocking way using Supervisory Control Theory (SCT). While SCT is powerful to orchestrate events of DESs, it fail to process events whose control is based on probabilistic assumptions. In this research, we show that some events can be approached as usual

Neural network prediction and data processing have been widely used in chemical industry, however, there exist many disturbance variables that will affect the system output, and traditional neural network prediction model has poor accuracy. In this paper, the dimensionality reduction of normalized input variables that affect the outputs is first implemented by using principal component analysis (PCA)

In order to improve the prediction performance in oil price forecasting, a novel memory-trait-driven decomposition–reconstruction–ensemble learning paradigm is proposed for oil price forecasting. The proposed methodology consists of four steps, i.e., data decomposition for original complex time series, component reconstruction for decomposed components, individual prediction for the reconstructed components

This paper recommends a stochastic population-based optimization procedure named the hill-climbed Sine–Cosine algorithm (HcSCA) to solve the economic generation scheduling (EcGS) of thermal units. The sine–cosine algorithm creates a set of preliminary random individuals and needs them to change away from or near to the destination to create a new population-based on functions of sine and cosine. The

Upon the occurrence of a disaster, emergency supplies should arrive at disaster areas with different severities in the shortest time. Therefore, it is of pivotal importance to plan and schedule appropriate processes. This paper first elaborates on the principle of ordered arrival of emergency supplies. Then, it establishes a multi-objective multi-constraint emergency material scheduling (EMS) model

In the paper, we present a new dual attention method called DanHAR, which blends channel and temporal attention on residual networks to improve feature representation ability for sensor-based HAR task. Specially, the channel attention plays a key role in deciding what to focus, i.e., sensor modalities, while the temporal attention can focus on the target activity from a long sensor sequence to tell

Some astronomers argue the flagship observatory — successor to the Hubble Space Telescope — will memorialize discrimination. Others are waiting for more evidence.

Researchers around the world are eagerly awaiting the completion of Tiangong, to study topics from dark matter and gravitational waves to the growth of cancer and pathogenic bacteria.

PhD student Emilio Dorigatti supported three junior colleagues during their degrees.

Nearly half of researchers surveyed in the United Kingdom and elsewhere reported problems, with people from marginalized groups most likely to be mistreated.

Sulphur-crested cockatoos are the first parrots known to have complex culture centred on food-gathering.

Surveys show that people in ten low- and middle-income nations are generally more eager to receive the COVID-19 jab than people in two wealthier nations where vaccine is plentiful.

The trailblazing collaboration that first imaged a black hole turns its sights on a nearby black-hole jet.

People infected with Delta have a much higher viral load. Plus, repurposed medicines might offer hope for long COVID, and how to create a perfect protocol.

The United Kingdom allowed mass gatherings and attempted to study them, but the early results provide limited data on viral transmission.

Study of nearly 7,000 scientists also finds that more than half engage in ‘questionable research practices’.

Papers concerning transcription, and its regulation at promoters, abound in the scientific literature, but reports about initiation, defined as the moment that the first 3′−5′phosphodiester bond of a new transcript is forged, are scarce. In PNAS, Skalenko et al. (1), working with the bacterial multisubunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP), combine high-throughput DNA base-sequencing methods with

The Bronze Age weight systems article (1) uniquely unveils Western Eurasia as a vast marketplace made by private merchants in 3000 to 1000 BC. Hypotheses spring from macroeconomic concepts such as market equilibrium, prices, and self-regulation. The demonstrated long-term spread of weighing technology from a common Mesopotamian source, beginning ca. 3000 BC, enables tracing directional trading ventures

In the Southern Hemisphere, there are two exceptionally large noncontinental landmasses with very long histories of geographical isolation—New Zealand and Madagascar. Both landmasses have unique and distinctive fauna and flora that nonetheless present a number of intriguing parallels, including the long-term preservation of distant sister lineages to otherwise globally widespread groups of animals

Life needs interaction. The current pandemic has made visible how much interaction, or lack thereof, means for the life of each and every one of us. The validity of this statement also extends to the tiny and invisible: Over the years, scientists have taken key steps to understand the interactions that are vital to life, and that take place on the molecular scale. This field of “biomolecular interactions”

In science news around the world, the Hubble Space Telescope ends a monthlong hiatus when operators successfully switched a failed control system to backup devices. The European Union and China announce plans to follow through on commitments to curb their carbon emissions, as the European Union would steeply increase the price of carbon dioxide emissions and China unveils a carbon trading scheme for

A month ago Twitter was buzzing with news of Brood X cicadas. People were eating them, posting pictures of them, requesting gifts of them for their child’s pinned insect collection, and I was wondering how far north I would have to go to see them. Brood X cicadas are amazing in many ways as I first discovered 23 y ago when I cloned microsatellite markers from Magicicada and found them to be so beautifully

Anthropogenic climate change is currently driving environmental transformation on a scale and at a pace that exceeds historical records. This represents an undeniably serious challenge to existing social, political, and economic systems. Humans have successfully faced similar challenges in the past, however. The archaeological record and Earth archives offer rare opportunities to observe the complex

Deadly flooding in northern Europe has prompted questions about how such wealthy developed countries could still be taken by surprise, despite ample flood warnings. Although recent infrastructure projects appear to have reduced damage in parts of the Netherlands, scientists point to a number of potential factors: Climate change has supercharged rainstorms in Europe, making them even more intense than

In Park et al. (1) we used a coupled climate and silicate weathering model (GEOCLIM) to make the case that emergence of the Southeast Asian islands (SEAIs) played a significant role in cooling Earth’s climate over the past 15 My. The findings were that mountains built through arc–continent collision in the warm and wet tropics enable the geologic carbon cycle to be balanced at lower steady-state pCO2

In the wake of the controversial U.S. regulatory approval of the Alzheimer's drug aducanumab, physicians expect many patients with memory problems will want to know whether they are eligible. But a definitive diagnosis is expensive and time-consuming, involving a hunt for indicators of disease, or biomarkers, in patients' spinal fluid or in positron emission tomography scans. The demand threatens to

The electro-osmotically modulated hemodynamic across an artery with multiple stenosis is mathematically evaluated. The non-Newtonian behaviour of blood flow is tackled by utilizing Casson fluid model for this flow problem. The blood flow is confined in such arteries due to the presence of stenosis and this theoretical analysis provides the electro-osmotic effects for blood flow through such arteries

The consequences of double-diffusivity convection on the peristaltic transport of Sisko nanofluids in the non-uniform inclined channel and induced magnetic field are discussed in this article. The mathematical modeling of Sisko nanofluids with induced magnetic field and double-diffusivity convection is given. To simplify PDEs that are highly nonlinear in nature, the low but finite Reynolds number,

Nanotechnology enables investigations of single biomacromolecules, but technical challenges have limited the application in liquid biopsies, for example, blood plasma. Nonetheless, tools to characterize single molecular species in such samples represent a significant unmet need with the increasing appreciation of the physiological importance of protein structural changes at nanometer scale. Mannose-binding

Abhimanyu Lele, a third-year graduate student at the University of Chicago, was one of the lucky few this spring. In a typical year, thousands of graduate students and faculty fan out across the world to tackle important research in climate change, fragile ecosystems, animal populations and more. But the pandemic shut down travel, and fieldwork can't be done via Zoom, depriving young scientists like

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a carcinogenic compound, where it causes renal tumors. The present study investigated the potential curative effect of metformin loaded on gold nanoparticles (MET AuNPs) in attenuating KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were divided into eight groups (control, MET, AuNPs, MET AuNPs, KBrO3, KBrO3/MET, KBrO3/AuNPS

Model abstraction for finite state automata is helpful for decreasing computational complexity and improving comprehensibility for the verification and control synthesis of discrete-event systems (DES). Supremal quasi-congruence equivalence is an effective method for reducing the state space of DES and its effective algorithms based on graph theory have been developed. In this paper, a new method is

The lifetime of bubbles, from formation to rupture, attracts attention because bubbles are often present in natural and industrial processes, and their geometry, drainage, coarsening, and rupture strongly affect those operations. Bubble rupture happens rapidly, and it may generate a cascade of small droplets or bubbles. Once a hole is nucleated within a bubble, it opens up with a variety of shapes

Two research groups have independently shown the atmosphere can contain detectable amounts of DNA from many kinds of animals. Their preprints, posted on bioRxiv last week, suggest sampling air may enable a faster, cheaper way to survey creatures in ecosystems. For more than a decade, researchers have analyzed disparate sources of environmental DNA (eDNA) in water to identify elusive organisms. Far

Cadherin cell–cell adhesion proteins play key roles in tissue morphogenesis and wound healing. Cadherin ectodomains bind in two conformations, X-dimers and strand-swap dimers, with different adhesive properties. However, the mechanisms by which cells regulate ectodomain conformation are unknown. Cadherin intracellular regions associate with several actin-binding proteins including vinculin, which are

The astronomy team that 2 years ago captured the first close-up of a giant black hole, lurking at the center of the galaxy Messier 87, has now zoomed in on a second, somewhat smaller giant, in the nearby active galaxy Centaurus A. The Event Horizon Telescope merges dozens of widely dispersed radio dishes, from Hawaii to France and from Greenland to the South Pole, into a huge virtual telescope. Its

Genome-wide association studies have identified the chromosome 10q26 (Chr10) locus, which contains the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) and high temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) genes, as the strongest genetic risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [L.G. Fritsche et al., Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 15, 151–171, (2014)]. To date, it has been difficult

In a sharp tightening of the diplomatic screws, the director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, is urging China to increase its transparency about the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic and allow greater access to its labs to help resolve the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Tedros also says WHO will create a new body to conduct the next phase of studies into the emergence

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa explores surfaces using twitching motility powered by retractile extracellular filaments called type IV pili (T4P). Single cells twitch by sequential T4P extension, attachment, and retraction. How single cells coordinate T4P to efficiently navigate surfaces remains unclear. We demonstrate that P. aeruginosa actively directs twitching in the direction