AbstractA class imbalance problem plays a vital role while dealing with classes with rare number of instances. Noisy class imbalanced datasets create considerable effect on the machine learning classification of classes. Data resampling techniques commonly used for handling class imbalance problem show insignificant behavior in noisy imbalanced datasets. To cure curse of data resampling technique in

Internet of Things (IoT) may be defined as a network of smart devices that are involved in data collection and exchange. This technology has automated the day-to-day jobs and thus made our lives easier. But, real-time analysis of data is not always possible in a typical cloud-IoT architecture, especially for latency-sensitive applications. This led to the introduction of fog computing. On one side

Due to the daily use of web applications in several critical domains such as banking and online shopping, cybersecurity has become a challenge. Recently, deep learning techniques have achieved promising results and attracted cybersecurity researchers. In this paper, we explore and evaluate deep learning techniques used for the security of web applications. We analyze through experiments the different

User authentication of mobile devices is an important means to protect data security and user privacy. Low overhead, high accuracy and continuous authentication are challenging problems in user authentication. Aiming at the disadvantages of current authentication methods based on keystroke dynamics such as low accuracy and one-time authentication, this paper proposes a new authentication method named

A task allocation optimization model in mechanical product development was proposed. First, Bayesian network was introduced and used to describe quality characteristic (QC) relations of mechanical products. The quality characteristic importance was then analyzed based on the Bayesian network. Weights were assigned to QCs according to the QCs importance. QCs are generally manufactured by different types

The Controller model is a heterogeneous parallel programming model implemented as a library. It transparently manages the coordination, communication and kernel launching details on different heterogeneous computing devices. It exploits native or vendor specific programming models and compilers, such as OpenMP, CUDA or OpenCL, thus enabling the potential performance obtained by using them. This work

This research aims to understand how Business process management (BPM) can be applied for the improvement of Information Technology service management (ITSM) processes. A case study is conducted for the improvement of the time performance of the incident management process, since it is pointed as a quick win for ITSM. The results obtained identified three best practices—activity automation, activity

The ongoing pandemic due to coronavirus disease, commonly abbreviated as COVID-19, has unleashed a major health crisis across the world. Although multiple vaccines have emerged, large scale vaccination have proven to be a major challenge, especially in developing nations. As a result, early detection still remains a crucial aspect of containing the spread of the virus. The popularly used test for COVID-19

The goal of the change-point detection is to discover changes of time series distribution. One of the state of the art approaches of the change-point detection are based on direct density ratio estimation. In this work we show how existing algorithms can be generalized using various binary classification and regression models. In particular, we show that the Gradient Boosting over Decision Trees and

Research on VANETs (vehicular ad hoc networks) date back to the beginning of the 2000s. The possibility of enabling communication between vehicles through a wireless network stimulated the creation of new protocols, devices, and diverse utilization scenarios. Due to the intrinsic difficulties of using a real testbed to evaluate these research contributions, several simulators were developed at the

Agency hopes to eliminate bias when choosing between applications of similar quality.

Even after mass vaccinations, some hospitalizations and deaths from the coronavirus are inevitable — but opinions differ on how many is too many for a return to relative normality.

The development from the Biden administration draws cheers from public health researchers and ire from drugmakers.

Hear the biggest stories from the world of science | 05 May 2021

Transition metal (oxy)hydroxides are promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction1,2,3. The properties of these materials evolve dynamically and heterogeneously4 with applied voltage through ion insertion redox reactions, converting materials that are inactive under open circuit conditions into active electrocatalysts during operation5. The catalytic state is thus inherently far from

Although RAF monomer inhibitors (type I.5, BRAF(V600)) are clinically approved for the treatment of BRAFV600-mutant melanoma, they are ineffective in non-BRAFV600 mutant cells1,2,3. Belvarafenib is a potent and selective RAF dimer (type II) inhibitor that exhibits clinical activity in patients with BRAFV600E- and NRAS-mutant melanomas. Here we report the first-in-human phase I study investigating the

Exciting phenomena may emerge in non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional electronic systems when spin–orbit coupling (SOC)1 interplays dynamically with Coulomb interactions2,3, band topology4,5 and external modulating forces6,7,8. Here we report synergetic effects between SOC and the Stark effect in centrosymmetric few-layer black arsenic, which manifest as particle–hole asymmetric Rashba valley formation

A balanced intake of macronutrients—protein, carbohydrate and fat—is essential for the well-being of organisms. An adequate calorific intake but with insufficient protein consumption can lead to several ailments, including kwashiorkor1. Taste receptors (T1R1–T1R3)2 can detect amino acids in the environment, and cellular sensors (Gcn2 and Tor)3 monitor the levels of amino acids in the cell. When deprived

Proactive coping has been documented as a significant predictor of perceived stress. When facing stressful events, the more individuals use proactive coping strategies, the lower their stress level will be. However, there is still little research of possible latent factors participating in this relationship to explain how proactive coping can reduce of perceived stress, directly and indirectly. This

This paper describes an investigation into the performance and pull-out capacity of a bladder-type inflatable anchor. The inflatable anchor is a type of support member used in foundation pit support engineering. Based on improvements and innovations, the multi-bladder-type inflatable anchor consists of two or more hydraulically inflated rubber membranes that are embedded in unconsolidated earth and

This study aimed to evaluate peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and totally implanted venous access devices (TIVADs) as chemotherapy delivery routes. From May 2016 to April 2019, patients with malignancies who had PICCs or TIVADs inserted for chemotherapy were enrolled. We reviewed the patients’ medical records for information concerning demographics, comorbidities, catheter-related complications

Mitochondrial fission is a highly regulated process that, when disrupted, can alter metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis1,2,3. Dysregulation has been linked to neurodegeneration3,4, cardiovascular disease3 and cancer5. Key components of the fission machinery include the endoplasmic reticulum6 and actin7, which initiate constriction before dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)8 binds to the outer mitochondrial

Disulfide bonds between cysteine residues are important post-translational modifications in proteins that have critical roles for protein structure and stability, as redox-active catalytic groups in enzymes or allosteric redox switches that govern protein function1,2,3,4. In addition to forming disulfide bridges, cysteine residues are susceptible to oxidation by reactive oxygen species, and are thus

To investigate whether activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway differentially promotes fracture healing in aged and adult individuals. CatnbTM2Kem, Catnblox(ex3) and wild-type adult and aged mice were used in this study. The femur was electroporated through a hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm. On the 7th, 14th and 21st days after fracture establishment, repair of the femoral diaphyseal bone was

The impact of lateral walls and partial slip with different waveforms on peristaltic pumping of couple stress fluid in a rectangular duct with different waveforms has been discussed in the current article. By means of a wave frame of reference the flow is explored travelling away from a fixed frame with velocity c. Peristaltic waves generated on horizontal surface walls of rectangular duct are considered

Epigenetic dysregulation is a defining feature of tumorigenesis that is implicated in immune escape1,2. Here, to identify factors that modulate the immune sensitivity of cancer cells, we performed in vivo CRISPR–Cas9 screens targeting 936 chromatin regulators in mouse tumour models treated with immune checkpoint blockade. We identified the H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1 and other members of the HUSH

No consistent results have been reached on the relationship of interleukin-1 (IL-1) rs1800587 polymorphism with the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) so far. Therefore, the current meta-analysis was designed to thoroughly review relevant studies, in order to examine the relationship of IL-1A rs1800587 polymorphism with RA risk. Electronic databases were retrieved for literature regarding

The origin and evolution of hominin mortuary practices are topics of intense interest and debate1,2,3. Human burials dated to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) are exceedingly rare in Africa and unknown in East Africa1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we describe the partial skeleton of a roughly 2.5- to 3.0-year-old child dating to 78.3 ± 4.1 thousand years ago, which was recovered in the MSA layers of Panga ya Saidi (PYS)

The Paris Agreement aims to limit global mean warming in the twenty-first century to less than 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels, and to promote further efforts to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius1. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions in coming decades will be consequential for global mean sea level (GMSL) on century and longer timescales through a combination of ocean thermal expansion

Odours are transported in turbulent plumes, which result in rapid concentration fluctuations1,2 that contain rich information about the olfactory scenery, such as the composition and location of an odour source2,3,4. However, it is unclear whether the mammalian olfactory system can use the underlying temporal structure to extract information about the environment. Here we show that ten-millisecond

The acceptance sampling plan (ASP) is a statistical tool used in industry for quality control to determine the quality of products by selecting a specified number for testing in order to accept or reject the lot. The main objective is to develop a new ASP based on truncated life tests assuming that the lifetime follows the two parameters Quasi Shanker distribution, since this distribution showed its

In only a few decades, lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized technologies, enabling the proliferation of portable devices and electric vehicles1, with substantial benefits for society. However, the rapid growth in technology has highlighted the ethical and environmental challenges of mining lithium, cobalt and other mineral ore resources, and the issues associated with the safe usage and non-hazardous

COVID-19 is a sudden, infectious disease that can be life-threatening and may cause people to feel panic and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and psychological status of a specific population using an internet consultation platform during the outbreak of COVID-19. The questionnaire survey included questions regarding basic information (e.g. area, sex, age, occupation

In several parts of the world, Boswellia sacra Fluck. is one of the most commonly used herbs for the treatment of arthritis. Its usage should be validated in light of recent findings of haematotoxicity. This study was aimed to determine the effect of chronic administration of standardized methanolic extract of frankincense on blood cell count in experimental animals. Using high-performance liquid chromatography

Galaxy clusters are known to harbour magnetic fields, the nature of which remains unresolved. Intra-cluster magnetic fields can be observed at the density contact discontinuity formed by cool and dense plasma running into hot ambient plasma1,2, and the discontinuity exists3 near the second-brightest galaxy4, MRC 0600-399, in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 3376 (redshift 0.0461). Elongated X-ray emission

The divergence of chimpanzee and bonobo provides one of the few examples of recent hominid speciation1,2. Here we describe a fully annotated, high-quality bonobo genome assembly, which was constructed without guidance from reference genomes by applying a multiplatform genomics approach. We generate a bonobo genome assembly in which more than 98% of genes are completely annotated and 99% of the gaps

Cell extrusion is a mechanism of cell elimination that is used by organisms as diverse as sponges, nematodes, insects and mammals1,2,3. During extrusion, a cell detaches from a layer of surrounding cells while maintaining the continuity of that layer4. Vertebrate epithelial tissues primarily eliminate cells by extrusion, and the dysregulation of cell extrusion has been linked to epithelial diseases

The land ice contribution to global mean sea level rise has not yet been predicted1 using ice sheet and glacier models for the latest set of socio-economic scenarios, nor using coordinated exploration of uncertainties arising from the various computer models involved. Two recent international projects generated a large suite of projections using multiple models2,3,4,5,6,7,8, but primarily used previous-generation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have essential functions during embryonic development, and their dysregulation causes cancer1,2. Altered global miRNA abundance is found in different tissues and tumours, which implies that precise control of miRNA dosage is important1,3,4, but the underlying mechanism(s) of this control remain unknown. The protein complex Microprocessor, which comprises one DROSHA and two DGCR8

Traditional feature-based monocular visual simultaneous localization and mapping (vSLAM) methods suffer from frequent tracking failure in low-texture scenes. Although tracking stability can be guaranteed by actively adjusting the camera’s orientation to track known landmarks, it can easily lead to the problem of over-exploitation. This means that instead of discovering new landmarks, the camera focuses

In the automotive industry, despite the robotic systems on the production lines, factories continue employing workers in several custom tasks getting for semi-automatic assembly operations. Specifically, the assembly of electrical harnesses of engines comprises a set of connections between electrical components. Despite the task is easy to perform, employees tend not to notice that a few components

Spatial point data is an important data source that represents the locations of spatial events (such as crime, disease cases, and earthquakes). Detecting clusters I n spatial point data plays a key role in exploratory spatial data analysis. Although much attention has been paid to the clustering of spatial points, how to automatically and efficiently discover the statistically significant clusters

This paper develops a multi-operator based differential evolution with a communication strategy (MCDE) being integrated with a sequential Tabu Search (MCDE/TS) to solve the job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) with the objective of minimizing makespan. The three variants of DE which are implemented in the proposed algorithm evolve as independent sub-populations, which relate to a communication strategy

A wide range of process systems engineering problems involve an optimisation formulation that is difficult to solve due to sources of discontinuity and non-convexity and a high number of constraints to satisfy. Differential Evolution algorithm (DE) has proven to be robust for the solution of highly non-convex and mixed-integer problems; nevertheless, its performance greatly depends on the constraint-handling

Distribution-based imaging is a promising methodology mainly to differentiate suspicious regions from surrounding tissues by applying a distribution to the images vertically or horizontally, ideally in both directions. The methodology is very useful for contouring and highlighting desired regions even under near-zero contrast conditions; it also leads to flexible segmentation of the lesions by parametric

With the advent of Industry 4.0, making accurate predictions of the remaining useful life (RUL) of industrial components has become a crucial aspect in predictive maintenance (PdM). To this aim, various Deep Neural Network (DNN) models have been proposed in the recent literature. However, while the architectures of these models have a large impact on their performance, they are usually determined empirically

The task of multi-scene ancient Chinese text recognition (MACR) is challenging due to large-scale categories, high intra-class variance and inter-class similarity and complicated backgrounds. Little effort has been devoted to MACR research due to insufficient datasets and language barrier. Because the sub-dataset generation process of sub-dataset is mutually blind, there are discrepancies in the class

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has the capability to scale down beyond the range of CMOS. Besides wide acceptance of QCA, it suffers from different challenges, regular structure and configurability is one of them. The disparate design in QCA increases design complexity as well as cost. The disparity of design needs different clocking layout for the correct propagation of signals. Moreover, the

Useful real-life images meant for computer vision applications appear in complex forms with varied backgrounds. Convolutional neural networks with their invariance outperforms capsule networks (CapsNets) on such images. Recent research to improve the accuracy of CapsNets on complex images such as CIFAR10 involves the increase in depth of the networks. However, smaller architectures with efficient feature

Blind identification of channel codes is becoming increasingly important in signal interception and intelligent communication systems. However, most existing channel codes recognition algorithms extract features manually, which makes them highly demanding in real-world application. Thus, efficiently identifying channel codes is difficult using present technologies. This paper presents a deep residual

Despite the advantage of power efficiency and spectral efficiency, spatial modulation (SM) technology makes communication systems sensitive to the transmission impairment. This paper analytically investigates the performance of SM multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems where power amplifier (PA) shows clear nonlinearity. Firstly, the system model is presented with nonlinear distortion included

The compressive sensing theory enables reconstruction of sparse or compressible signals at reduced sampling rate. Recent studies have shown that stable signal reconstruction is possible even if each measurement is quantized to one bit. In conventional compressive sensing framework, the signal can be sparsely represented by some discrete atoms. In many applications however, signals are sparse in a continuous

This study proposes a novel blind watermarking algorithm based on radial harmonic Fourier moments (RHFMs) as well as discrete wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform (DWT-DCT) to achieve copyright protection. A non-adjacent coupled map lattice chaotic system was used to improve the safety in the watermark embedding process. First, a zero-watermark was obtained by performing DCT on the original

In dieser Studie stellen wir Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in der analogen sowie digitalen Zusammenarbeit hinsichtlich eines virtuellen Kollaborators (VK) dar. Konkret beobachten wir eine Kreativeinheit in einem Industrieunternehmen sowohl in der analogen als auch in der digitalen Durchführung kollaborativer Workshops. Aus den daraus resultierenden Herausforderungen und Anforderungen, die wir anhand

Increasingly, we face compounding and interrelated environmental, socioeconomic, and political crises. Yet our approaches to these problems are often siloed, fragmented, and inadequate. The current pandemic, for instance, continues to collide with a number of other threats to human life and livelihoods. These include violent conflicts, displacement, insect swarms, droughts, heat waves, and structural

A degraded, black-and-white image of an object, which appears meaningless on first presentation, is easily identified after a single exposure to the original, intact image. This striking example of perceptual learning reflects a rapid (one-trial) change in performance, but the kind of learning that is involved is not known. We asked whether this learning depends on conscious (hippocampus-dependent)

Information-flow policies prescribe which information is available to a given user or subsystem. We study the problem of specifying such properties in reactive systems, which may require dynamic changes in information-flow restrictions between their states. We formalize several flavours of sequential information-flow, which cover different assumptions about the semantic relation between multiple observations

We show a new simple algorithm that solves the model-checking problem for recursion schemes: check whether the tree generated by a given higher-order recursion scheme is accepted by a given alternating parity automaton. The algorithm amounts to a procedure that transforms a recursion scheme of order $n$ to a recursion scheme of order $n-1$, preserving acceptance, and increasing the size only exponentially