In recent years several multipath data transport mechanisms, such as MPTCP and XMP, have been introduced to effectively exploit the path diversity of data center networks (DCNs). However, these multipath schemes have not been widely deployed in DCNs. We argue that two key factors among others impeded their adoption: TCP incast and minimum window syndrome . First, these mechanisms are ill-suited for

Automatic text summarization (ATS) has recently achieved impressive performance thanks to recent advances in deep learning and the availability of large-scale corpora. However, there is still no guarantee that the generated summaries are grammatical, concise, and convey all salient information as the original documents have. To make the summarization results more faithful, this paper presents an unsupervised

Process models are a central element of modern business process management technology. When adopting such technology, organizations inevitably establish process model collections which, depending on the degree of adoption, can reach sizes of thousands of models. Process model matching techniques are intended to assist experts in the management of such large collections, e.g., in querying the collections

Indoor localization has attracted increasing attention due to demands for location awareness, where GPS (global positioning system) does not work. Fingerprint-based indoor localization is one of standard approaches, but it does not gain recognition as a practical technique due to labor-intensive database maintenance. To protect the degradation of localization accuracy caused by the environmental variations

With the increased use of digital holography to observe biological events in three dimensions the need for autofocusing becomes essential. We introduced a modified image quality evaluation technique as a focus criterion in the reconstruction of digital holograms. The method employed was initially proposed by [Wang et al. (2008)] to evaluate image inpainting quality from three aspects: luminance, definition

Let A be a finite non-empty set and ⪯ a total order on AN verifying the following lexicographic like condition: For each n∈N and u,v∈An, if uω≺vω then ux≺vy for all x,y∈AN. A word x∈AN is called ω-Lyndon if x≺y for each proper suffix y of x. A finite word w∈A+ is called ω-Lyndon if wω≺vω for each proper suffix v of w. In this note we prove that every infinite word may be written uniquely as a non-increasing

A generalized lexicographic order on words is a lexicographic order where the total order of the (possibly infinite) alphabet depends on the position of the comparison. A generalized Lyndon word is a finite word which is strictly smallest among its class of rotations with respect to a generalized lexicographic order. This notion can be extended to infinite words: an infinite generalized Lyndon word

The Markoff equation is the Diophantine equation x2+y2+z2=3xyz. A solution is called a Markoff triple. We give a bijection between the free monoid on two letters and the set of Markoff triples, using the palindromization map of Aldo de Luca. In our construction, special Christoffel words appear, whose lengths are Markoff numbers; we study their standard and palindromic factorizations, and show that

Let C be a proper minor-closed family of graphs. We present a randomized algorithm that given a graph G∈C with n vertices, finds a simple cycle of size k in G (if exists) in 2O(k)n time. The algorithm applies to both directed and undirected graphs. In previous linear time algorithms for this problem, the runtime dependence on k is super-exponential. The algorithm can be derandomized yielding a 2O(k)nlog⁡n

In this paper, we study exact, exponential-time algorithms for a variant of the classic Longest Common Subsequence problem called the Repetition-Bounded Longest Common Subsequence problem (or RBLCS, for short): Let an alphabet S be a finite set of symbols and an occurrence constraint Cocc be a function Cocc:S→N, assigning an upper bound on the number of occurrences of each symbol in S. Given two sequences

The current paper presents a new quantum algorithm for finding multicollisions, often denoted by ℓ-collisions, where an ℓ-collision for a function is a set of ℓ distinct inputs that are mapped by the function to the same value. In cryptology, it is important to study how many queries are required to find an ℓ-collision for a random function of which domain is larger than its range. However, the problem

We study a class of geometric covering and packing problems for bounded closed regions on the plane. We are given a set of axis-parallel line segments that induce a planar subdivision with bounded (rectilinear) faces. We are interested in the following problems. (P1) Stabbing-Subdivision: Stab all closed bounded faces of the planar subdivision by selecting a minimum number of points in the plane. (P2)

A prefix normal word is a binary word with the property that no substring has more 1s than the prefix of the same length. By proving that the set of prefix normal words is a bubble language, we can exhaustively list all prefix normal words of length n as a combinatorial Gray code, where successive strings differ by at most two swaps or bit flips. This Gray code can be generated in O(log2⁡n) amortized

This paper develops a general methodology to connect propositional and first-order interpolation. In fact, the existence of suitable skolemizations and of Herbrand expansions together with a propositional interpolant suffice to construct a first-order interpolant. This methodology is realized for lattice-based finitely-valued logics, the top element representing true. It is shown that interpolation

Data centres have been the focus of research as candidates for demand response or other demand side management programs for quite some time. However, a complete framework optimising data centre demand response is still missing. This is due to the complexity of integrating more than one power flexibility technology and more than one market for power flexibility. In the presented work, this challenge

Thermal sensors are now being an emerging technology in image processing applications such as face recognition, fault detection, object detection and classification, navigation, etc. Owing to its versatility, it has been an influential concern for many researchers recently. Thermal sensors have proficiency of sensing the object heedless of the lighting conditions. Due to this added leverage of thermal

The problem of determining closed-form solutions for some structural parameters of great interest on networked models is meaningful and intriguing. In this paper, we propose a family of networked models |$\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$| with hierarchical structure where |$t$| represents time step and |$n$| is copy number. And then, we study some structural parameters on the proposed models |$\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$|

To solve the multi-objective optimization problem for attitude maneuver of liquid-filled flexible spacecraft, the authors propose a novel algorithm based on an improved hierarchical structure. This improved hierarchical optimization algorithm (IHOA) is composed of elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and bare-bones multi-objective particle swarm optimization based on r-dominance

In this paper, optimal designing and energy management of hybrid photovoltaic/wind/fuel cell (PV/WT/FC) system is presented with cost of hybrid system life span (CHSLS) minimizing and considering loss of load interruption probability (LOLIP) for Recreational Center of Gonbad (RCOG), a remote area region in Iran country using actual irradiance and wind speed data of this region. A meta-heuristic improved

Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methods have been utilised to solve discrete problems in broad domains. Existing MCDM methods have been developed on the basis of two main contexts, namely, human and mathematical approaches. Each approach faces different challenges, such as inconsistency, time consumption in a pairwise comparison, unnatural comparison, vagueness, normalisation, distance measurement

In traditional wet experiments, fluorescent proteins are generally used to detect subcellular localization of protein. However, it is time consuming and expensive for detecting large-scale biological data. Many computational biological methods have been developed to identify various subcellular localizations of proteins. In the last ten years, machine learning methods have been widely used in many

A two-stage supply chain network design problem with a minimization type cost-based objective function is focused in this study. Some important assumptions such as considering different transportation modes in the stages, fixed charge transportation cost, and possibility of direct shipment between plants and customers are respected in the problem. As the problem is of NP-hard class of optimization

Criminals can launder crypto-currencies through mixing coins, whose original purpose is preservation of privacy in the presence of traceability. Therefore, it’s essential to elaborately design mixing polices to achieve both privacy and anti-money laundering. Existing work on mixing policies relies on the knowledge of a blacklist. However, these policies are paralyzed under the scenario where the blacklist

This article deals with a still current decision making problem - where to invest and how much. A few “tools” can help to answer this question, namely fundamental, technical or psychological analysis. “Soft” aspects as a human intuition or mood on the capital market can also play a nonnegligible role. These approaches and techniques (mainly individually) provide a partial information on investment

Tight gas, shale gas and coalbed gas are recognized as the three sources of unconventional natural gas in the world. Currently, China’s tight gas production is at an absolute advantage. Hence, a reasonable prediction of tight gas production is of great value to China’s government in formulating energy policies. In this study, the data characteristics of China’s tight gas production were analyzed. Then

Existing stereoscopic 3D (S3D) salient object detection (SOD) networks typically employ a two-branch architecture, in which the RGB and depth channels are learned independently. Conventional methods based on conventional neural networks generally fuse the two branches by combining their deep representations at a later stage with only one path, which can be inefficient and insufficient for retaining

Object proposal quality assessment without ground truth as reference is a challenging task. Some existing methods measure the quality with hand-crafted metrics for subjective metrics, such as objectness and foreground confidence. Recently, deep learning is adopted for direct assessment for quantifiable metric, such as Intersection over Union (IoU). However, we find that IoU, the commonly used quality

Analyzing and understanding Internet news are important for many applications, such as market sentiment investigation and crisis management. However, it is challenging for users to interpret a massive amount of unstructured text, to dig out its accurate meaning, and to spot noteworthy news events. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel visualization-driven approach for analyzing news text

Photosystem II (PS II) captures solar energy and directs charge separation (CS) across the thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis. The highly oxidizing, charge-separated state generated within its reaction center (RC) drives water oxidation. Spectroscopic studies on PS II RCs are difficult to interpret due to large spectral congestion, necessitating modeling to elucidate key spectral features. Herein

In biology, it is often critical to determine the identity of an organism and phenotypic traits of interest. Whole-genome sequencing can be useful for this but has limited power for trait prediction. However, we can take advantage of the inherent information content of phenotypes to bypass these limitations. We demonstrate, in clinical and environmental bacterial isolates, that growth dynamics in standardized

In human populations, the relative levels of neutral diversity on the X and autosomes differ markedly from each other and from the naïve theoretical expectation of 3/4. Here we propose an explanation for these differences based on new theory about the effects of sex-specific life history and given pedigree-based estimates of the dependence of human mutation rates on sex and age. We demonstrate that

The dielectric nature of polar liquids underpins much of their ability to act as useful solvents, but its description is complicated by the long-ranged nature of dipolar interactions. This is particularly pronounced under the periodic boundary conditions commonly used in molecular simulations. In this article, the dielectric properties of a water model whose intermolecular electrostatic interactions

Understanding nanoscale interactions at the interface between two media with different dielectric constants is crucial for controlling many environmental and biological processes, and for improving the efficiency of energy storage devices. In this contributed paper, we show that polarization effects due to such dielectric mismatch remarkably influence the double-layer structure of a polyelectrolyte

Episodic memory is believed to be intimately related to our experience of the passage of time. Indeed, neurons in the hippocampus and other brain regions critical to episodic memory code for the passage of time at a range of timescales. The origin of this temporal signal, however, remains unclear. Here, we examined temporal responses in the entorhinal cortex of macaque monkeys as they viewed complex

This paper uses real-time transaction data from a large bank in Scandinavia to estimate the effect of social distancing laws on consumer spending in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The analysis exploits a natural experiment to disentangle the effects of the virus and the laws aiming to contain it: Denmark and Sweden were similarly exposed to the pandemic but only Denmark imposed significant

MEDICAL SCIENCES, CHEMISTRY Correction for “The intelligent knife (iKnife) and its intraoperative diagnostic advantage for the treatment of cervical disease,” by Menelaos Tzafetas, Anita Mitra, Maria Paraskevaidi, Zsolt Bodai, Ilkka Kalliala, Sarah Bowden, Konstantinos Lathouras, Francesca Rosini, Marcell Szasz, Adele Savage, Julia Balog, James McKenzie, Deirdre Lyons, Phillip Bennett, David MacIntyre

Every day, we are faced with the conflict between the temptation to cheat for financial gains and maintaining a positive image of ourselves as being a “good person.” While it has been proposed that cognitive control is needed to mediate this conflict between reward and our moral self-image, the exact role of cognitive control in (dis)honesty remains elusive. Here we identify this role, by investigating

The circadian clock of cyanobacteria consists of only three clock proteins, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, which generate a circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation in vitro. The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of KaiC is the source of the 24-h period and temperature compensation. Although numerous circadian mutants of KaiC have been identified, the tuning mechanism of the 24-h period remains unclear

Block copolymers having two or more polymer chains linked covalently have been extensively studied for various nanostructure fabrications. Highly symmetric body-centered cubic (bcc) packing lattice has been the only observed supramolecular spherical phase in compositionally asymmetric AB diblock copolymers for a long time. After 2010, the Frank−Kasper (F-K) σ (1) and A15 (2) phases featured by small

The quest for low-dimensional models which approximate high-dimensional data is pervasive across the physical, natural, and social sciences. The dominant paradigm underlying most standard modeling techniques assumes that the data are concentrated near a single unknown manifold of relatively small intrinsic dimension. Here, we present a systematic framework for detecting interfaces and related anomalies

KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations which activate p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling are found in half of myeloma patients and contribute to proteasome inhibitor (PI) resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We established myeloma cell lines expressing wild-type (WT), constitutively active (CA) (G12V/G13D/Q61H), or dominant-negative (DN) (S17N)-KRAS and

Across eight studies, we tested whether people understand the time course of their own creativity. Prior literature finds that creativity tends to improve across an ideation session. Here we compared people’s beliefs against their actual creative performance. Consistent with prior research, we found that people’s creativity, on aggregate, remained constant or improved across an ideation session. However

Presents the front cover for this issue of the publication.

Advertisement.

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.

Presents a listing of the editorial board, board of governors, current staff, committee members, and/or society editors for this issue of the publication.

By the time you are holding this issue in your hands (or accessed it online), your smartphone will most likely already have downloaded the new OS extensions by Google and Apple to enable contact tracing via BLE. A watershed moment for… Public health? Governmental location tracking? Privacy by design? Cross-platform interoperability?

Advertisement.

The articles in this special section focus on personalized pervasive health. For over more than two decades, mobile, wearable, and ambient sensor and interaction devices have grown into today’s plethora of computing platforms and tools for pervasive health. Pervasive computing is now assimilating into medicine, from disease risk prevention to diagnostics, and from treatment support to chronic-care

Physical, mental, and behavioral processes of most living beings underlie cyclic changes, mainly governed by the day-night cycle. Investigations of these circadian rhythms have traditionally required constrained settings and invasive methods, such as repetitive blood testing and testing in sleep laboratories. Recent developments in pervasive technology, e.g., the proliferation of smartphones in our

Corresponding attributes of neural development and function suggest arthropod and vertebrate brains may have an evolutionarily conserved organization. However, the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, we identify a gene regulatory and character identity network defining the deutocerebral–tritocerebral boundary (DTB) in Drosophila. This network comprises genes homologous to those directing

Examines the concept of "thorough evaluations.” For example, are authors supposed to show clinical evidence for the health efficacy of their technology? Or, are they supposed to show that the technology is technically sound and working? Or, that it is secure and has appropriate privacy-protection of sensitive personal data? Or, that the technology is usable and user-friendly for the users? Or, ...

Reports on issues dealing with user-centered design (UCD) in digital healthcare. UCD is the focus of many teams developing digital health innovations, yet principles are not always effectively employed. We have identified several common ways that UCD principles fall short at all stages of the design process and steps to overcome those pitfalls. From connecting patients, providers, and caregivers, to

Advertisement.

Reports on educational developments in the area of online lectures or video recording that involves human-computer interaction between students and the teaching community.

Fabricatable Machines is a toolkit for rapidly designing and making robust, computer-controlled machines. The project demonstrates a future where fabrication tools can be scaled, altered, and customized for the use and fluency of the maker.

Day to day interactions with wearable and pervasive systems lead to collected data that capture various aspects of human behavior and enable machine learning algorithms to extract extensive information about users. We discuss privacy risk awareness, and ways to preserve privacy and integrate it in current frameworks.

Asgard archaea genomes contain potential eukaryotic-like genes that provide intriguing insight for the evolution of eukaryotes. The eukaryotic actin polymerization/depolymerization cycle is critical for providing force and structure in many processes, including membrane remodeling. In general, Asgard genomes encode two classes of actin-regulating proteins from sequence analysis, profilins and gelsolins