Access management poses a significant challenge within the Internet of Things (IoT) given the constrained capabilities in terms of computing, memory, storage, bandwidth and energy available for most of the low-cost devices and things embedded in the physical world. In this scenario, Edge Computing can be considered a powerful opportunity to solve authorization issues, deploying edge devices near IoT

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)-enabled e-healthcare can complement traditional medical treatments in a flexible and convenient manner. However, security and privacy become the main concerns of IoMT due to the limited computational capability, memory space and energy constraint of medical sensors, leading to the in-feasibility for conventional cryptographic approaches, which are often comput

The paper designs and invents internet of things platform of One-Key for Help APP based on the mobile intelligent terminal (MIT) for the risk response of one-key for help, information for help, SMS for assistance, phone for support, map phone for advantage, voice message for help and video for aid. For Government Emergency Rescue Department (GERD), the platform is preset with China’s 110 police system

The traffic burden at each node in Internet-of-Things (IoT) communication networks becomes prohibitively high especially when involving exhaustive computation. Mobile edge computing (MEC) makes this complicated computation feasible while alleviates the traffic burden by providing the corresponding node with powerful computing resources through wireless transmission between the node and the MEC for

Hate speech is an important problem that is seriously affecting the dynamics and usefulness of online social communities. Large scale social platforms are currently investing important resources into automatically detecting and classifying hateful content, without much success. On the other hand, the results reported by state-of-the-art systems indicate that supervised approaches achieve almost perfect

Dynamic forces are very important boundary conditions in practical engineering applications, such as structural strength analysis, health monitoring and fault diagnosis, and vibration isolation. Moreover, there are many applications in which we have found it very difficult to directly obtain the expected dynamic load which acts on a structure. Some traditional indirect inverse analysis techniques are

Accurate and real-time position of preview point is significant to trajectory tracking control of vision-guided intelligent vehicle. The unavoidable delay of road automatic identification system weakens trajectory tracking control performance, and even deteriorates the vehicle stability. Therefore, a compensator for the delay of road automatic identification system was proposed which combines the current

Topology optimization is a widely used lightweight design method for structural design of the collaborative robot. In this article, a topology optimization method for the robot lightweight design is proposed based on finite element analysis of the assembly so as to get the minimized weight and to avoid the stress analysis distortion phenomenon that compared the conventional topology optimization method

Recent work has established the equivalence between deep neural networks and Gaussian processes (GPs), resulting in so-called neural network Gaussian processes (NNGPs). The behaviour of these models depends on the initialisation of the corresponding network. In this work, we consider the impact of noise regularisation (e.g. dropout) on NNGPs, and relate their behaviour to signal propagation theory

Aspects related to prognostics are becoming a crucial part in the industrial sector. In this sense, Industry 4.0 is considered as a new paradigm that leverages on the IoT to propose increasingly more solutions to provide an estimate on the working conditions of an industrial plant. However, in context like the industrial sector where the number and heterogeneity of sensors can be very large, and the

The amount of online video content is exponentially increasing, which spurs its access demands. Providing optimal quality of service (QoS) for this ever-increasing video data is a challenging task due to the number of QoS constraints. The system resources, the distributed system platform and the transport protocol thus all need to collaborate to guarantee an acceptable level of QoS for the optimal

Hear the biggest stories from the world of science | 02 July 2020

Chemokines and their receptors mediate cell migration, which influences multiple fundamental biological processes and disease conditions, such as inflammation and cancer1. Although ample efforts have been invested into the structural investigation of the chemokine receptors and receptor–chemokine recognition2–4, less is known about endogenous chemokine-induced receptor activation and G protein coupling

Emissions of sulfur hexafluoride soared over the 40 years to 2018, despite some countries’ efforts to curb its use.

Conservation scientist Claudine Loisel is spellbound by the stained-glass splendours that survived a devastating fire at Paris’s famous cathedral.

A recent fire at a natural history museum in Minas Gerais is forcing some researchers to relive the pain of losing priceless specimens and artefacts.

Time to prepare for another mission.

Gravitational-wave detector goes quantum to overcome the limits of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Plus: why it’s so hard to know when we will reach herd immunity to COVID-19, and how flying snakes glide through the air.

Indirect imaging of potential-energy landscapes in materials.

When waves propagate through a weak disordered potential with correlation length larger than the wavelength, they form channels (branches) of enhanced intensity that keep dividing as the waves propagate1. This fundamental wave phenomenon is known as branched flow. It was first observed for electrons1,2,3,4,5,6 and for microwave cavities7,8, and it is generally expected for waves with vastly different

Mutations in proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) result in failure of myelination and neurological dysfunction in the X-linked leukodystrophy Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD)1,2. Most PLP1 mutations, including point mutations and supernumerary copy variants, lead to severe and fatal disease. PLP1-null patients and mice, however, can display comparatively mild phenotypes, suggesting that PLP1-suppression

The latest science news, in brief.

Fibroblast, epithelial and endothelial cells aid organ-specific defence.

Endogenous proteins tracked across the blood-brain barrier.

The European Union must improve how it collects forest data, which are essential to its ambitions in biodiversity and climate change.

Effects of vacuum fluctuations in a gravitational-wave detector.

Dental enamel is a principal component of teeth1, and has evolved to bear large chewing forces, resist mechanical fatigue and withstand wear over decades2. Functional impairment and loss of dental enamel, caused by developmental defects or tooth decay (caries), affect health and quality of life, with associated costs to society3. Although the past decade has seen progress in our understanding of enamel

Forests provide a series of ecosystem services that are crucial to our society. In the European Union (EU), forests account for approximately 38% of the total land surface1. These forests are important carbon sinks, and their conservation efforts are vital for the EU’s vision of achieving climate neutrality by 20502. However, the increasing demand for forest services and products, driven by the bioeconomy

The interiors of giant planets remain poorly understood. Even for the planets in the Solar System, difficulties in observation lead to large uncertainties in the properties of planetary cores. Exoplanets that have undergone rare evolutionary processes provide a route to understanding planetary interiors. Planets found in and near the typically barren hot-Neptune ‘desert’1,2 (a region in mass–radius

The mammalian immune system implements a remarkably effective set of mechanisms for fighting pathogens1. Its main components are haematopoietic immune cells, including myeloid cells that control innate immunity, and lymphoid cells that constitute adaptive immunity2. However, immune functions are not unique to haematopoietic cells, and many other cell types display basic mechanisms of pathogen defence3

Oral antiretroviral agents provide life-saving treatments for millions of people living with HIV, and can prevent new infections via pre-exposure prophylaxis1,2,3,4,5. However, some people living with HIV who are heavily treatment-experienced have limited or no treatment options, owing to multidrug resistance6. In addition, suboptimal adherence to oral daily regimens can negatively affect the outcome

Valence electrons contribute a small fraction of the total electron density of materials, but they determine their essential chemical, electronic and optical properties. Strong laser fields can probe electrons in valence orbitals1,2,3 and their dynamics4,5,6 in the gas phase. Previous laser studies of solids have associated high-harmonic emission7,8,9,10,11,12 with the spatial arrangement of atoms

Plant hormones coordinate responses to environmental cues with developmental programs1, and are fundamental for stress resilience and agronomic yield2. The core signalling pathways underlying the effects of phytohormones have been elucidated by genetic screens and hypothesis-driven approaches, and extended by interactome studies of select pathways3. However, fundamental questions remain about how information

Mammalian cells reorganize their proteomes in response to nutrient stress through translational suppression and degradative mechanisms using the proteasome and autophagy systems1,2. Ribosomes are central targets of this response, as they are responsible for translation and subject to lysosomal turnover during nutrient stress3,4,5. The abundance of ribosomal (r)-proteins (around 6% of the proteome;

The vascular interface of the brain, known as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), is understood to maintain brain function in part via its low transcellular permeability1,2,3. Yet, recent studies have demonstrated that brain ageing is sensitive to circulatory proteins4,5. Thus, it is unclear whether permeability to individually injected exogenous tracers—as is standard in BBB studies—fully represents blood-to-brain

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key metabolic hub that controls the cellular response to environmental cues by exerting its kinase activity on multiple substrates1,2,3. However, whether mTORC1 responds to diverse stimuli by differentially phosphorylating specific substrates is poorly understood. Here we show that transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal

The cortex organizes sensory information to enable discrimination and generalization1,2,3,4. As systematic representations of chemical odour space have not yet been described in the olfactory cortex, it remains unclear how odour relationships are encoded to place chemically distinct but similar odours, such as lemon and orange, into perceptual categories, such as citrus5,6,7. Here, by combining chemoinformatics

The measurement of minuscule forces and displacements with ever greater precision is inhibited by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which imposes a limit to the precision with which the position of an object can be measured continuously, known as the standard quantum limit1,2,3,4. When light is used as the probe, the standard quantum limit arises from the balance between the uncertainties of the

Ribosomes accurately decode mRNA by proofreading each aminoacyl-tRNA that is delivered by the elongation factor EF-Tu1. To understand the molecular mechanism of this proofreading step it is necessary to visualize GTP-catalysed elongation, which has remained a challenge2,3,4. Here we use time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy to reveal 33 ribosomal states after the delivery of aminoacyl-tRNA by

Nuclear processes, such as V(D)J recombination, are orchestrated by the three-dimensional organization of chromosomes at multiple levels, including compartments1 and topologically associated domains (TADs)2,3 consisting of chromatin loops4. TADs are formed by chromatin-loop extrusion5,6,7, which depends on the loop-extrusion function of the ring-shaped cohesin complex8,9,10,11,12. Conversely, the cohesin-release

Scientists carrying out routine monitoring in China have found that pigs are widely infected with a virus with the potential to trigger a pandemic. Plus, cosmic rays could explain why DNA is right-handed, and quantum computers work better when no one’s around.

Journalistic transparency rises as a key issue against the lack of credibility to which journalists are exposed, as well as the media manipulators and fake news providers. With the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML), it is possible to automate the extraction of information from newspaper articles to know what the sources of information are to verify their veracity. Along

Multi-point shortest path planning problem is a typical problems in discrete optimization. The bat algorithm is a nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm that is used in a wide range of fields. However, there is one problem with the BA, which is easy to premature. To solve multi-point shortest path planning problem, an improved discrete bat algorithm (IDBA) is proposed in this paper. In

Recently, phishing emerges as one of the biggest threats to human’s daily networking environments. Phishing attackers disguise illegal URLs as normal ones to steal user’s private information with the social engineering techniques, such as emails and SMS, which calls for an effective method of preventing phishing attacks to relieve the loss by them. Neural networks can be used to detect and prevent

Recombination is a powerful way of generating new solutions in Evolutionary Algorithms. There are many ways to implement recombination. Traditional recombination operators do not use information about parents, evolutionary process, or models for variable interaction in order to find better ways to recombine solutions. Some modern recombination operators use information about parents and models for

Multi-hole parts made of difficult-to-cut materials like discs, blisks and casings are common and require high surface quality in aero engines. In workshops, a large number of holes in these parts are drilled successively in one process to ensure their positional accuracy. Due to the fast time-varying drill wear, the surface roughness of the holes is unstable and difficult to be satisfied. To this

The move towards sustainable development and energy efficient solutions in the built environment has led to develop innovative solutions, particularly in the area of indoor environmental comfort in buildings. Phase change materials (PCMs) are a potential approach to target building energy use reduction. PCMs are smart materials that have been commercialized and used in buildings for effective regulation

Forecasting multivariate time series is an important problem considered in many real-world scenarios. To deal with that problem, several forecasting models have already been proposed, where Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are proved to be a suitable alternative. The key limitation of the existing FCM-based forecasting models is the lack of time-efficient learning algorithms. In this paper, we plug that

For a graph G = (V, E) with no isolated vertices, a set \(D\subseteq V\) is called a semipaired dominating set of G if (i)D is a dominating set of G, and (ii)D can be partitioned into two element subsets such that the vertices in each two element set are at distance at most two. The minimum cardinality of a semipaired dominating set of G is called the semipaired domination number of G, and is denoted

The rapid increase in the number of cores on chips forced the designers to invent new communication methods such as Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm. Advances in integrated circuit fabrications even allowed three-dimensional NoC (3D-NoC) implementations. 3D-NoCs have more advantages than their 2D counterparts such as lower area, higher throughput, better performance, and less energy consumption. However

NOA-AID (Network Overlays for Adaptive information Aggregation, Indexing and Discovery on the fog) is an approach for decentralized indexing, aggregation and discovery of data belonging to streams. It is organized on two network layers. The upper layer is in charge of delivering an information discovery approach by providing a distributed index structure. The lower layer is devoted to resource aggregation

We develop algebraic models of simple type theories, laying out a framework that extends universal algebra to incorporate both algebraic sorting and variable binding. Examples of simple type theories include the unityped and simply-typed $\lambda$-calculi, the computational $\lambda$-calculus, and predicate logic. Simple type theories are given models in presheaf categories, with structure specified

Erroneous behaviour in safety critical real-time systems may inflict serious consequences. In this paper, we show how to synthesize timed shields from timed safety properties given as timed automata. A timed shield enforces the safety of a running system while interfering with the system as little as possible. We present timed post-shields and timed pre-shields. A timed pre-shield is placed before

Learning how to predict future events from patterns of past events is difficult when the set of possible event types is large. Training an unrestricted neural model might overfit to spurious patterns. To exploit domain-specific knowledge of how past events might affect an event's present probability, we propose using a temporal deductive database to track structured facts over time. Rules serve to

There is a widespread assumption in type theory that the discipline begins with Russell's efforts to resolve paradoxes concerning the naive notion of a class. My aim in this paper is to argue that Frege's sharp distinction between terms denoting objects and terms denoting functions on the basis of their saturation anticipate a simple type theory, although Frege vacillates between regarding functions

In this paper, I revisit Frege's theory of sense and reference in the constructive setting of the meaning explanations of type theory, extending and sharpening a program--value analysis of sense and reference proposed by Martin-L\"of building on previous work of Dummett. I propose a computational identity criterion for senses and argue that it validates what I see as the most plausible interpretation

In a computing context, cybersecurity is undergoing massive shifts in technology and its operations in recent days, and data science is driving the change. Extracting security incident patterns or insights from cybersecurity data and building corresponding data-driven model, is the key to make a security system automated and intelligent. To understand and analyze the actual phenomena with data, various

The use of quantum computing in graph community detection and regularity checking related to Szemeredi's Regularity Lemma (SRL) are demonstrated with D-Wave Systems' quantum annealer and simulations. We demonstrate the capability of quantum computing in solving hard problems relevant to big data. A new community detection algorithm based on SRL is also introduced and tested. In worst case scenario

This work reports a compact behavioral model for gated-synaptic memory. The model is developed in Verilog-A for easy integration into computer-aided design of neuromorphic circuits using emerging memory. The model encompasses various forms of gated synapses within a single framework and is not restricted to only a single type. The behavioral theory of the model is described in detail along with a full