Continuous technological progressions and huge investments are made for the realization of the various goals in the Internet of Things (IoT) driven networks. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) being a part of IoT has made human living smarter. It is revolutionizing the healthcare industry and is providing a smarter healthcare framework to the people. The generic IoMT framework consists of the major

Obtaining data with meaningful labels is often costly and error-prone. In this situation, semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches are interesting, as they leverage assumptions about the unlabeled data to make up for the limited amount of labels. However, in real-world situations, we cannot assume that the labeling process is infallible, and the accuracy of many SSL classifiers decreases significantly

Tracking pedestrian targets over a thermal infrared (TIR) image sequence is a hot topic in visual tracking. The imagery characteristics of TIR targets such as low target-background contrast and far imaging distance make TIR object tracking very difficult. In this paper, based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and the siamese region proposal network (SiamRPN), we design an improved TIR pedestrian

Building a trustworthy life-critical embedded system requires deep reasoning about the potential effects that sequences of machine instructions can have on full system operation. Rather than trying to analyze complete binaries and the countless ways their instructions can interact with one another — memory, side effects, control registers, implicit state, etc. — we explore a new approach. We propose

The image classification based on cloud computing suffers from difficult deployment as the network depth and data volume increase. Due to the depth of the model and the convolution process of each layer will produce a great amount of calculation, the GPU and storage performance of the device are extremely demanding, and the GPU and storage devices equipped on the embedded and mobile terminals cannot

The rapid development of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has brought significant improvement to traffic safety and efficiency. However, owing to limitations associated with VANETs’ own unchanging model and traditional network structure, there are still many challenging concerns such as poor flexibility and controllability to deal with. To solve these inherent problems effectively, we propose a weight-based

As edge computing paradigm achieves great popularity in recent years, there remain some technical challenges that must be addressed to guarantee smart device security in Internet of Things (IoT) environment. Generally, smart devices transmit individual data across the IoT for various purposes nowadays, and it will cause losses and impose a huge threat to users since malware may steal and damage these

The looseness of tires or even falling off from cars will lead to serious traffic accidents. Once it occurs, it will bring casualties and huge economic losses to society, seriously affecting the traffic safety. To mitigate such possible safety concerns, an early loosening warning system is developed in this article. The system consists of the tire monitoring module and the working control module. The

In this paper, we introduce the model of quantum Mealy machines and study the equivalence checking and minimisation problems of them. Two efficient algorithms are developed for checking equivalence of two states in the same machine and for checking equivalence of two machines. As an application, they are used in equivalence checking of quantum circuits. Moreover, the minimisation problem is proved

Contact Tracing is considered as the first and the most effective step towards containing an outbreak, as resources for mass testing and large quantity of vaccines are highly unlikely available for immediate utilization. Effective contact tracing can allow societies to reopen from lock-down even before availability of vaccines. The objective of mobile contact tracing is to speed up the manual interview

COVID-19 is a deadly viral infection that has brought a significant threat to human lives. Automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 from medical imaging enables precise medication, helps to control community outbreak, and reinforces coronavirus testing methods in place. While there exist several challenges in manually inferring traces of this viral infection from X-ray, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can

A closed string contains a proper factor occurring as both a prefix and a suffix but not elsewhere in the string. Closed strings were introduced by Fici (WORDS 2011) as objects of combinatorial interest. This paper addresses a new problem by extending the closed string problem to the k-closed string problem, for which a level of approximation is permitted up to a number of Hamming distance errors,

Compressed Sensing theory breaks through the limitation of the Nyquist sampling law and provides theoretical support for accelerating the imaging process of MRI while reconstructing high-quality images. It can use less sampling data through the reconstructed algorithm to restore the original signal. Reconstruction time and reconstruction algorithms play important roles in compressed sensing. However

Model-based adaptive signal decomposition algorithm is an important research topic in the field of signal analysis. The amplitude modulated and frequency modulated (AM-FM) model is the most common model in the signal. In this paper, an adaptive signal decomposition algorithm based on the complex AM-FM model is proposed. This algorithm first obtains the analytical expression of the analyzed signal;

Conventionally adaptive detection for frequency diverse array (FDA) radar requires extra training data to estimate the range-dependent interference covariance matrix (ICM). In this paper, we propose an adaptive moving target detection approach for FDA radar without training data, where the ICM is directly estimated by applying a structured generalized likelihood ratio test (SGLRT) to the target-present

ID-based encryption with equality test (IBEET) allows a tester to compare ciphertexts encrypted under different public keys for checking whether they contain the same message. In this paper, we first introduce group mechanism into IBEET and propose a new primitive, namely group ID-based encryption with equality test (G-IBEET). With the group mechanism: (1) group administrator can authorize a tester

AbstractFunctional encryption (FE) can provide a fine-grained access control on the encrypted message. Therefore, it has been applied widely in security business. The previous works about functional encryptions most focused on the deterministic functions. The randomized algorithm has wide application, such as securely encryption algorithms against chosen ciphertext attack, privacy-aware auditing. Based

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The latest science news, in brief.

Nature is tracking what readers care about most in the 2020 election.

Hear the biggest stories from the world of science | 24 September 2020

Cancer treatments that target the characteristics of an individual's tumour could have a wider impact.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019 in China and caused a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To mitigate the public health, economic and societal impacts of the virus, a vaccine is urgently needed. The development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was initiated in early January 2020 when the sequence of the virus became available and moved at record speed

Tweets about biology preprints generally come from members of the academic community — but politics also plays a part.

Many institutions publicly pledged their commitment to inclusion after Black Lives Matter protests this year. And researchers emphasize the need to maintain momentum.

Pictures created from old observations show the void’s stormy evolution over the past decade.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging respiratory infection caused by introduction of a novel coronavirus into humans in late 2019 in China’s Hubei province. As of September 11, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 215 countries, has infected more than 28 million people, and has caused more than 910,000 deaths

Local exposure to inequality leads to demands for wealth distribution.

The technology to fine-tune radiotherapy to an individual is here, but a lack of research is holding back its use.

Key step towards production of 3D photonic bandgap crystals.

The current technique requires a person’s own cells, but using the cells of healthy donors could allow more people to benefit.

A rescue mission like no other.

Up to one in 800 people in the city of Manaus, Brazil, is estimated to have died of COVID-19. Plus, Arctic sea ice hits another low and the black hole image is now a movie.

A resistance-evading streptogramin antibiotic.

Failure to address systemic bias in health-care provision and genetic databases will make existing disparities worse.

Janssen’s Craig Tendler talks to Nature about how data collected by the company after a drug is approved can be used to improve treatment.

Current hardware approaches to biomimetic or neuromorphic artificial intelligence rely on elaborate transistor circuits to simulate biological functions. However, these can instead be more faithfully emulated by higher-order circuit elements that naturally express neuromorphic nonlinear dynamics1,2,3,4. Generating neuromorphic action potentials in a circuit element theoretically requires a minimum

The dramatic shift to online learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic risks widening educational inequalities.

Metabolites made by bacteria signal to the developing mouse brain.

The limitations of genomic data have led to a deeper exploration of transcriptomic and proteomic data in cancer.

Targeted treatments for children, a fresh approach to protein analysis and other highlights from clinical trials and laboratory studies.

Some people with cancer are already benefiting from drugs that target genetic features regardless of the tissue involved. But these early successes could be the exceptions.

More than half of Earth’s freshwater resources are held by the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which thus represents by far the largest potential source for global sea-level rise under future warming conditions1. Its long-term stability determines the fate of our coastal cities and cultural heritage. Feedbacks between ice, atmosphere, ocean, and the solid Earth give rise to potential nonlinearities in its response

The genetic circuits that allow cancer cells to evade destruction by the host immune system remain poorly understood1,2,3. Here, to identify a phenotypically robust core set of genes and pathways that enable cancer cells to evade killing mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), we performed genome-wide CRISPR screens across a panel of genetically diverse mouse cancer cell lines that were cultured

The consolidation of spatial memory depends on the reactivation (‘replay’) of hippocampal place cells that were active during recent behaviour. Such reactivation is observed during sharp-wave ripples (SWRs)—synchronous oscillatory electrical events that occur during non-rapid-eye-movement (non-REM) sleep1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and whose disruption impairs spatial memory3,5,6,8. Although the hippocampus also

Self-assembling colloidal particles in the cubic diamond crystal structure could potentially be used to make materials with a photonic bandgap1,2,3. Such materials are beneficial because they suppress spontaneous emission of light1 and are valued for their applications as optical waveguides, filters and laser resonators4, for improving light-harvesting technologies5,6,7 and for other applications4

The three-dimensional organization of the genome supports regulated gene expression, recombination, DNA repair, and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C)1,2 analysis has revealed a complex genomic landscape of internal chromosomal structures in vertebrate cells3,4,5,6,7, but the identical sequence of sister chromatids has made it difficult to determine how they

Psychological research shows that social comparison of individuals with peers or others shapes attitude formation1,2. Opportunities for such comparisons have increased with global inequality3,4; everyday experiences can make economic disparities more salient through signals of social class5,6. Here we show that, among individuals with a lower socioeconomic status, such local exposure to inequality

CpG methylation by de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 3A and 3B is essential for mammalian development and differentiation and is frequently dysregulated in cancer1. These two DNMTs preferentially bind to nucleosomes, yet cannot methylate the DNA wrapped around the nucleosome core2, and they favour the methylation of linker DNA at positioned nucleosomes3,4. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy

Magnetic skyrmions are topological solitons with a nanoscale winding spin texture that hold promise for spintronics applications1,2,3,4. Skyrmions have so far been observed in a variety of magnets that exhibit nearly parallel alignment for neighbouring spins, but theoretically skyrmions with anti-parallel neighbouring spins are also possible. Such antiferromagnetic skyrmions may allow more flexible

Current understandings of cell specification in early mammalian pre-implantation development are based mainly on mouse studies. The first lineage differentiation event occurs at the morula stage, with outer cells initiating a trophectoderm (TE) placental progenitor program. The inner cell mass arises from inner cells during subsequent developmental stages and comprises precursor cells of the embryo

Natural products serve as chemical blueprints for most antibiotics in clinical use. The evolutionary process by which these molecules arise is inherently accompanied by the co-evolution of resistance mechanisms that shorten the clinical lifetime of any given class of antibiotics1. Virginiamycin acetyltransferase (Vat) enzymes are resistance proteins that provide protection against streptogramins2,

To constrain global warming, we must strongly curtail greenhouse gas emissions and capture excess atmospheric carbon dioxide1,2. Regrowing natural forests is a prominent strategy for capturing additional carbon3, but accurate assessments of its potential are limited by uncertainty and variability in carbon accumulation rates2,3. To assess why and where rates differ, here we compile 13,112 georeferenced

‘Dysbiosis’ of the maternal gut microbiome, in response to challenges such as infection1, altered diet2 and stress3 during pregnancy, has been increasingly associated with abnormalities in brain function and behaviour of the offspring4. However, it is unclear whether the maternal gut microbiome influences neurodevelopment during critical prenatal periods and in the absence of environmental challenges

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) greatly expand the structures and functions of proteins in nature1,2. Although synthetic protein functionalization strategies allow mimicry of PTMs3,4, as well as formation of unnatural protein variants with diverse potential functions, including drug carrying5, tracking, imaging6 and partner crosslinking7, the range of functional groups that can be introduced

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease of the intestinal epithelium that is characterized by the accumulation of mutations and a dysregulated immune response. Up to 90% of disease risk is thought to be due to environmental factors such as diet, which is consistent with a growing body of literature that describes an ‘oncogenic’ CRC-associated microbiota. Whether this dysbiosis contributes

Cell death in human diseases is often a consequence of disrupted cellular homeostasis. If cell death is prevented without restoring cellular homeostasis, it may lead to a persistent dysfunctional and pathological state. Although mechanisms of cell death have been thoroughly investigated1,2,3, it remains unclear how homeostasis can be restored after inhibition of cell death. Here we identify TRADD4

The direction of the eye gaze of others is a prominent social cue in primates and is important for communication1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Although gaze can signal threat and elicit anxiety6,12,13, it remains unclear whether it shares neural circuitry with stimulus value. Notably, gaze not only has valence, but can also serve as a predictor of the outcome of a social encounter, which can be either negative

Climate change drives vegetation gains in patches of the high Arctic tundra.