Peer assessments (PA) have been widely explored by researchers over the past few decades. However, their impact on various learning environments remains unclear. Based on a meta-analysis, this study aimed to analyze PA-based research performed across multiple learning environments. Unlike existing meta-analyses, however, this study integrated co-citation network analysis with the meta-analysis to examine

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology has demonstrated positive educational outcomes related to its use and is gaining traction in educational and training settings; IVR is expected to have widespread adoption within the classroom in the upcoming years. However, the educational potential of IVR with children has not been thoroughly investigated, especially as a tool for problem-solving skills

Empirical evidence on factors behind student success in secondary school online classes has been mixed and insufficient in its scope as well as data coverage. With a nationwide secondary school online class dataset with 26,345 students, this study attempts to identify factors of student success and first constructs a statistical model predicting the pass probability of online classes. The following

This study aimed to investigate the relationships among undergraduates' problematic information security behavior (PISB), compulsive internet use (CIU), mindful awareness, and demographic factors in Taiwan. The convenience sampling was performed at three universities in southern Taiwan, and 514 undergraduates were selected as participants. A cross-sectional survey research design was used, and a hierarchical

Learning with online video is pervasive in higher education. Recent research has explored the importance of student engagement when learning with video in online and blended courses. However, little is known about students’ goals and intents when engaging with video. Furthermore, there is limited empirical evidence on the impact of learning context on engagement with video, which limits our understanding

An inaccurate self-assessment might hinder the effectiveness of the self-management of one's learning, for example, people underestimating their knowledge might not utilize their capabilities. Inaccuracies in self-reported knowledge also hinder the comparability of the data across different respondents. The overclaiming technique (OCT) allows the identification of accuracy and exaggeration in self-reported

The science education community is increasingly valuing the use of mobile apps in inquiry-based learning (IBL) to improve learner’ attitudes and their understanding of science concepts. Although there exists a body of research on mobile apps used for IBL in science education, limited attention has been paid to linking apps' features with their pedagogical affordances. Our study addresses this research

Virtual Reality (VR) has the potential to enrich education but little is known about how unique affordances of immersive technology might influence leaning and cognition. This study investigates one particular affordance of VR, namely environmental embeddedness, which enables learners to be situated in simulated or imagined settings that contextualize their learning. A sample of 51 university students

Statistics is one of the most challenging courses for university students. The personal learning environment (PLE) pedagogical design was introduced to assist students' Statistics learning. With the PLE pedagogy, this study examined learners' demographic backgrounds, motivational measures (i.e., help-seeking and academic procrastination due to the use of Information and Communication Technologies,

This study evaluates the validity of an algorithm for measuring the efficiency of social learning networks in discussion forums accompanying MOOCs of conventional format, which consist of video lectures and problem assignments. The algorithm models social learning networks as a function of users’ knowledge seeking and knowledge disseminating tendencies across course topics and offers a means to optimize

This study applied the question-oriented problem-solving (QOPS) pedagogy in Statistics learning and addressed several methodological and theoretical gaps in SNA studies to inform instructional and learning implications for teachers and students. The limitations in SNA studies included the lack of theoretical support in the analysis, the homogeneous medium where the data for SNA is collected, the constraints

This systematic review on massive open online courses (MOOCs) in higher education examined the research on the assessment of learning outcomes based on 65 peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2019. This study aims to investigate the learning outcomes, related instruments, and assessment characteristics of these instruments in MOOCs. Learning outcomes that were examined in the studies that

Blended learning (BL) is an instructional design structure that facilitates the benefits of technology, paired with face-to-face instruction, to address the variance in student learning. BL has been widely utilized in education with the rapid development of technology. While the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA, 2015) of the United States emphasizes supporting states to implement BL by facilitating

The early prediction of students' performance is a valuable resource to improve their learning. If we are able to detect at-risk students in the initial stages of the course, we will have more time to improve their performance. Likewise, excellent students could be motivated with customized additional activities. This is why there are research works aimed to early detect students’ performance. Some

This thematic synthesis aims to analyze the qualitative evidence provided by earlier empirical studies to achieve a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the factors influencing students’ online learning experiences through the lens of the Community of Inquiry framework. Following a three-stage procedure specified by Thomas and Harden (2008), we started with 3641 potential studies and then

This systematic literature review focuses on digital reading in a second or foreign language. The reviewed literature (N = 31, published between 2008 and 2020) revealed several characteristics of second language digital reading environments, tasks, and readers. First, characteristics of digital environments were availability and choice of authentic texts, degrees of linearity, lay-out characteristics

In the present paper, we used supervised machine learning algorithms to predict students' cognitive engagement states from their facial behaviors as 61 students solved a clinical reasoning problem in an intelligent tutoring system. We also examined how high and low performers differed in cognitive engagement levels when performing surface and deep learning behaviors. We found that students' facial

Despite the 30 years of research on the effects of using computer-based mapping tools to construct concept maps, the research has provided little insight into the cognitive processes and strategies students use to create more accurate maps and the types of behaviors that can be mined in computer-based mapping tools to reveal and support processes that improve student performance. This study used video

The purpose of learning analytics is to promote student success in the classroom. To implement the framework of learning analytics, researchers have adopted machine learning methodologies to identify at-risk students at an early stage. In theory, machine learning is a mathematical algorithm that improves automation through experience. The experience is the data collected from online learning platforms

Student teachers often struggle to keep track of everything that is happening in the classroom, and particularly to notice and respond when students cause disruptions. The complexity of the classroom environment is a potential contributing factor that has not been empirically tested. In this experimental study, we utilized a virtual reality (VR) classroom to examine whether classroom complexity affects

Digital technologies, including Virtual Learning Environment (VL) and Social Media (SM), are well adopted in the Higher Education (HE) setting, yet little is known about the role these tools play in supporting students' achievement of HE goals. This research is the first to examine student efficiency by uncovering the direct links between HE inputs and outputs in consideration of technology use. Building

Asynchronous online discussion has been widely used in higher education settings to create blended learning environments. Students form intricate social networks in asynchronous online discussions that promote help-seeking and help-providing. However, we know little about how students seek and receive help in asynchronous online discussions in blended engineering classes. This study employed a mixed-method

This study investigated the potential of Virtual Reality (VR), using 360-degree (360°) videos, as a tool to teach children about water-safety skills. Children (n = 182) aged 10–12 years were randomly assigned to learn about water safety using one of three instructional mediums: 360° VR videos, traditional video, or poster. The training was designed to address specific themes that contributed to drowning

Scripting is the phase of classroom management in which teachers build and/or fine-tune learning scenarios. When the learning objectives include task-technique knowledge, teachers face a specific difficulty: defining learning scenarios requires a holistic perspective of the different techniques, the types of tasks they address, and the interrelations between techniques and tasks, which may be highly

Asynchronous online discussion is one of the widely used collaborative learning activities in digital learning that can facilitate learners to think of controversial problems, share ideas, ask questions, and give feedback without time and space constraints. However, if there is no appropriate and effective mechanism that can promote asynchronous online discussion performance, it may cause the contents

Teacher feedback provided to learners in real-time is a crucial factor for their knowledge and skills acquisition. However, providing real-time feedback at an individual level is often infeasible, considering limited teaching resources. Fortunately, recent technological advancements have allowed for developing of various computer tutoring systems, which can support learners at any place and time by

Digital stories are powerful instructional tools that allow students to communicate complex concepts and emotions through both linguistic and nonlinguistic modes. A digital story is a 3–6 min multimodal video through which students can engage in critical reflection about their experiences, participate actively in the learning process, and give voice to their identities. This study analyzes two digital

Results from self-reflection tools for schools' digital capacity can lead to evidence-based decisions within the school community and/or the development of an action plan for a better integration of digital technologies. Thus, it is important that the information derived from self-reflection tools is complete, accurate, and relevant. However, usually self-reflection tools do not show evidence of the

This study examines instructor strategies for designing and participating in online discussions and how these strategies influence their students' participation and course performance in university introductory online mathematics courses. The study leveraged data and text mining techniques to examine five years of online discussion data automatically collected by a Learning Management System from 72

Learning analytics dashboards (LADs) are intended to give relevant information to students and other stakeholders to inform potential next steps in the learning process. The current study examines the relationship between information indirectly presented through academic advisors' use of LADs, and college students' academic motivation, self-regulated learning, and academic achievement. We modeled how

With increasingly more educational tests being administered on computers and other digital devices, the comprehensive validity of tests has more potential to be improved. In the present investigation, 75 items were developed to measure educational technology competency (ETC) for pre-service teachers according to a framework constructed using the Delphi technique. In particular, the appropriateness

While digital natives are sometimes perceived as effective multitaskers, empirical studies suggest that multitasking is associated with negative learning outcomes. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to see the effects of secondary task relevance and timing on learning from multimedia presentations. A total of 356 undergraduate students were assigned randomly to either a control condition or

The Community of Inquiry framework has been used in numerous studies, yet these studies rarely examine disciplinary differences as a potential factor in student outcomes. To address the research gap, this study examined the differences in students' perceived social, cognitive, and teaching presence and their predictive effects on students' affective learning outcomes (perceived learning outcomes and

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are presented as an option to the traditional model of higher education institutions. MOOCs have been used as part of face-to-face regular university courses as a new form of blended learning (BL), but little is known about the best ways to design effective MOOC-based BL. Besides, studies that assess the intention to continue using MOOCs do not assess their quality

This study examined the effects of pre-tests and feedback on learning and persistence in a massive open online course (MOOC). Participants (N = 399) from around the world enrolled in the American Museum of Natural History's (AMNH) climate change MOOC and were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Learners in the first group took pre-tests without receiving feedback. Learners in

The aim of this paper is to present an empirical study with the intention of answering the question: can an intentionally structured online environment stimulate and enhance the processes of mutual interaction and hybridization between digital artefacts and analogic artefacts (books) so as to encourage the development of significant learning in students? This research, carried out in the academic year

The study investigated whether and how the implementation of attributional feedback in a pen-tablet-based digital learning environment affects students' activity-related achievement emotions (enjoyment, boredom, anger, frustration) and writing performance. Furthermore, the role of students' tendency towards adaptive reactions to errors for the effect of attributional feedback on activity-related achievement

Asynchronous online discussions (AODs) can fail to benefit student learning in online classes if they are not designed to promote higher-order thinking. AODs can be designed as collaborative learning events that prompt students to go beyond the reproduction of basic content. The purpose of this study was to describe student participation, interaction, and levels of learning in AODs following pre-work

This study aims to reveal insights into the educational design of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in particular on their educational scalability: How do MOOCs provide interaction and formative feedback to high student numbers without being highly depending on the capacity of the teacher? We have applied a design analysis instrument that was specifically developed for large-scale online courses

We report on a design-based research study that was conducted over two years. We developed, tested, and implemented Collabucate, a web-based tool for fostering social regulation of learning in collaborative learning. In this paper, we describe two cycles of a design-based research study in which Collabucate was implemented with Doctor of Pharmacy students. Collabucate was created according to Järvelä

This study began with concerns about mis-/disinformation in the new media environment as we sought ways to combat unreliable information. We developed an online educational game designed to enhance core media and information literacy competencies and to help young adults become information literate citizens. We examined the game's effects on skepticism toward online information and information discernment

Virtual Reality (VR) is considered an effective way to boost empathy by adopting the perspective of others, thus having clear potential for improving anti-bullying programs. However, this potential benefit of VR is limited by both the lack of adequate content and the lack of empirical evidence of its effectiveness. In this article, we present the process of co-creation of a set of 360°-videos representing

The current study investigated how students' digital engagement (i.e., digital learning preference, wish for digital schoolwork, and schoolwork and sleep impairment related to Internet use) is related to their achievement goal orientation profiles from Grades 8 to 9. The sample included 1482 Finnish students (15–16 years old, 53% female) from 26 schools. Students’ digital engagement and achievement

Learning analytics (LA) is providing new methodologies that are being applied to the design and application of dashboards to support teaching and learning. However, few studies attempt to understand how instructors interact with an LA dashboard and how self-regulated learning (SRL) activities and emotions of instructors occur and co-occur in the interaction. The current study investigates ten instructors’

Computational thinking (CT) is a key 21st-century skill. This paper contributes to CT research by investigating CT predictors among upper secondary students in a longitudinal and natural classroom setting. The hypothesized predictors are grouped into three areas: student characteristics, home environment, and learning opportunities. CT is measured with the Computational Thinking Test (CTt), an established

There is a growing traction about the educational and psychological benefits of fostering media literacy competencies. Despite the increasing evidence about the social aspects of media literacy, limited research has been conducted on how socially oriented media literacy interventions affect media literacy and psychological outcomes. The present study investigated the effects of a two-session kindness

Research indicates that knowledge sharing promotes teacher professional learning opportunities and development. However, it is yet to be known what motivates teachers in rural schools in sharing their knowledge as they may face more challenges than teachers in urban areas when sharing. This study examined factors explaining rural teachers' sharing behavior regarding digital educational resources, both

Storybook reading accompanied by adult-guided conversation provides a stimulating context for children's language development. Conversational agents powered by artificial intelligence, such as smart speakers, are prevalent in children's homes and have the potential to engage children in storybook reading as language partners. However, little research has explored the effectiveness of using conversational

Students should develop competent epistemic thinking and critical source evaluation skills during secondary education. This study compared these skills and their interrelation between Australian students (n = 218) from Years 7, 9, and 11. In an online questionnaire, students critically evaluated the Trustworthiness of four fictitious Internet blog posts that varied in Reliability (reliable vs. unreliable)

Researchers have investigated the extent to which features of virtual humans (e.g., voice) influence learning. However, only recently have researchers began to question how trust influences perceptions of virtual humans and learning with a virtual human. In this study, we use unsupervised machine learning (k-means clustering) to examine the extent to which learners trust a virtual human with different

While the hype around Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has subsided in the past few years, such environments provide a rich opportunity to explore ongoing questions at the intersection of teaching, learning, and technology. This paper explores how a set of facilitation teams described enacting their learner-centered pedagogical aspirations through MOOC platforms. Drawing on in-depth interviews,

Computational thinking (CT) skills are becoming essential in all aspects of work and life, and CT has become part of the K-12 curriculum around the world. Yet, more research is needed to better understand how to help elementary school students acquire CT skills effectively. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of partial pair programming (PPP) on elementary school students' CT

Awareness of environmental sustainability issues alone is not enough. Environmental Sustainability Education (ESE)1 should produce changes in attitude and encourage lifelong behaviors. However, behavioral changes are curtailed by constraints and negative perceptions, necessitating the use of persuasive pedagogical tools in ESE. Digital game-based learning (DGBL)2 environments provide cognitive knowledge

Recent advancements in Web and HTML5 techniques have made collaborative simulations able to support a shared workspace and more synchronous collaboration in a single simulation. However, previous studies show divergent findings regarding the effects of the new features of collaborative simulations. To better understand the affordances and limitations of collaborative simulations, this study analyzed

Despite the documented number of studies that investigate social media in teaching and learning settings, the topic of social media literacy is still an under-researched area. This study adopts the theoretical lens of New Literacy studies to suggest a combined perspective for investigating social media literacies. This perspective considers both social media skills that are transversal across different

Most university degrees often require students to demonstrate proficiency in mathematics, which is the basic requirement in many fields, such as science, engineering, or technology. Mathematical knowledge is so common as to be essential in higher education. Although mathematical skills are crucial to the success of study in many domains, a large number of students are not willing to study related courses

Online discussion allows learners to acquire more knowledge, different perspectives, and more ideas through interaction with others in an online discussion process to promote their cognitive learning and critical thinking abilities. Accordingly, an instant perspective comparison system (IPCS) based on natural language processing, social networks, and data visualization technologies was developed in

Despite the potential of learning analytics for personalized learning, it is seldom used to support collaborative learning particularly in face-to-face (F2F) learning contexts. This study uses learning analytics to develop a dashboard system that provides adaptive support for F2F collaborative argumentation (FCA). This study developed two dashboards for students and instructors, which enabled students

Students tend not to review test feedback or process it cognitively. We examined whether and how self-assessment enhanced engineering students’ engagement in test feedback and academic performance, and whether and how it had different impacts on high- and low-performers’ engagement and academic performance. We also investigated whether peer assessment and bonus points added to the effect of selfassessment