Multi-national and meta-analytic studies suggest that the pathways between religiousness and sexism/sexual prejudice are partially mediated by sociopersonality factors such as conservatism. In this article, we describe the contributing factors to this relationship, such as authoritarianism and fundamentalism. These factors interact at the dynamic nexus of individual and social development. As such

In this article, we review the psychology of religion and radicalization. In doing so, we note that both macro-level approaches (that study structural conditions in society) and micro-level approaches (that focus on psychological coping and personal appraisal of individual conditions) fail to adequately explain radical behavior of members of extreme religious groups. Instead, we propose that meso-level

We review research on personality/religiousness associations, integrating earlier meta-analyses with recent large-sample online studies. We find that general religiousness shows small positive associations with broad personality factors (e.g. HEXACO Honesty-Humility, Big Five Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and somewhat stronger positive associations with narrower personality traits involving prosocial

This review summarises research on the relationship between death anxiety and religiosity. The fear of death is commonly hypothesized as a motivation for religious belief. From a Terror Management Theory perspective, religious beliefs are especially attractive because they offer both literal and symbolic immortality in the form of afterlife beliefs and belonging in venerable systems of value respectively

What explains the ubiquity and diversity of religions around the world? Widespread cognitive tendencies, including mentalizing and intuitive thinking, offer part of the explanation for recurrent features of religion, and individual differences in religious commitments. However, vast diversity in religious beliefs points to the importance of the cultural context in which religious beliefs are transmitted

We ask if and when religious individuals self-enhance more than non-believers. First, religious individuals self-enhance on domains central to their self-concept. Specifically, they exhibit the Better-Than-Average Effect: They rate themselves as superior on attributes painting them as good Christians (e.g. traits like 'loving' or 'forgiving,' Biblical commandments) than on control attributes. Likewise

Religion is a product of evolutionary and biological processes. Thus, understanding why some people are religious and how it impacts their everyday lives requires an integrated perspective. This review presents a theoretical framework incorporating recent findings on religious influences on the behavioral expression of genetic and psychological predispositions. We propose that religion may facilitate

Within the domains of both science and religion, beliefs in unobservable phenomena - such as bacteria or the soul - are common. Yet given the radically different trajectory of scientific as compared to religious beliefs across human history, it is plausible that the psychological basis for beliefs in these two domains is also different. Indeed, there is evidence from children and adults in various

Many religions emphasize the importance of sexual morality. This article argues mating strategies are central to understanding religion. I highlight the reproductive-religiosity model, which suggests that religious behavior is partly motivated by preferences for restricted mating strategies. I then discuss how religion can lead to reproductive benefits. Specifically, religions can make parenting a

Humans have a natural tendency to explain events as caused by metaphysical or supernatural beings and forces. Much of the research in the psychology of religion over the past few years has focused on explanations and experiences involving a person-like God, whether God is authoritarian and/or benevolent, and the extent to which people think of God as being involved in human affairs. Yet many theists

Emotions play a central role in the religious experience. This suggests that religious institutions, practices, and beliefs may actively shape the emotions of adherents, such as by influencing how they regulate emotions. An emerging literature has documented the various links between religion and emotion regulation. This article reviews these links with regards to various elements of emotion regulation

Religions' food practices can illustrate a lot about religions, and can raise new research questions. I will give examples of ways in which religious food practices are reflections of broader religious ideals. Foods contain essences and are religiously symbolic; foods are a window into how people understand the necessity to obey God; food practices relate to health outcomes; and food practices reflect

Attachment to possessions has been observed in the archaeological record, and is noted across historical ages, cultures, and developmental stages. It reflects a normative process that may serve a number of functions. We suggest that object attachment may be intricately linked with emotion regulation. The present review details the normative and likely evolved function that object attachment can serve

Buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is considered a behavioral addiction that is characterized by poorly controlled spending of money for consumer goods in unnecessary quantities, beyond budget and without necessarily utilizing them for their intended purposes. Little is known about the role of emotional attachment to the purchased products in BSD. Given the relative lack of empirical data on object attachment

This article presents a conceptual perspective of the pathways through which object attachment can affect individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for an object. To introduce this perspective, we first provide an integrative overview of WTP as a comparative valuation that is constructed based on individual factors and comparative factors. We outline four general pathways through which these factors can

Extreme object attachment in adults can form as a way to compensate for a lack of interpersonal attachment or as a symptom of hoarding disorder; however, normative levels of object attachment also exist across the lifespan. Although the importance of secure interpersonal attachment as a protective factor for older adults has been well established, research into object attachment in older adults is

Excessive or maladaptive object attachment is the defining feature of Hoarding Disorder (HD) and the acquisition process within Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder (CBSD). In recent years, the relationship of object attachment within HD and CBSD to individual's self-concept has become the focus of direct research. On the basis of this literature, it seems that an underdeveloped, ambivalent, or discrepant

People often acquire souvenirs and photographs to facilitate remembering, but possessions and memories can relate to each other in a variety of ways. This review paper presents four different connection types found between meaningful things in our everyday lives and our personal memories. Each connection type either focuses on possessions or memories and the connection between the two is either active

Children attach to objects for many reasons. Early research on object attachment focused primarily on infants and toddlers and their attachment to soft objects as a source of security, but this review reveals that children of all ages attach to a variety of objects and with a variety of motivations. This review also introduces the concept of transitory object attachments, in which children quickly

Anthropomorphism refers to seeing non-human objects as humans. Recent research suggests that anthropomorphizing objects could influence people's psychological and emotional bond with the objects. Anthropomorphism imbues non-human objects with human-like characteristics, alters people's relationship with the objects, and shift people's emotional and cognitive responses towards the objects. Based on

This review synthesizes the latest advances in the psychology behind consumption of luxury objects and experiences to which people typically feel strongly attached. We discuss novel drivers, forms, and consequences of luxury consumption from recent research. We propose that the psychology of luxury consumption is governed by a set of tensions between what luxury means to the self and the external forces

Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterised by compulsive acquisition and extreme difficulty discarding possessions, resulting in clutter that substantially impacts upon functioning. Heightened object attachment is a central feature of HD according to prominent theoretical models. We review current research on the nature and function of object attachment in HD. In particular, we describe growing evidence

Sentimental object attachment is a phenomenon that begins early in childhood. It is widely theorised that children develop emotional attachment to specific objects as a maternal substitute which varies across cultures and socioeconomic conditions. While the need for these objects should diminish as the child becomes more independent, there is a growing body of work showing that object attachment may

Many products are disposed of before they have reached the end of their functional life. New technological developments and trends in fashion seem to accelerate consumers' replacement of products. From an environmental perspective, such early replacement is undesirable. In this paper, we emphasize that product replacement is not only based on rational decision making. Emotional, functional, social

Digital object attachment is a complex phenomenon that received limited attention in the extant literature. The purpose of the current article is to develop a conceptual model to clarify discrepancies and encourage future work in this area. We classify digital objects into four categories by their complexity, user control, interactivity and user value. The proposed model captures the dynamic and cyclical

This review presents a new typology of compensatory consumption strategies as a means to understand how self-discrepancies influence compensatory object attachment. We differentiate compensatory consumption strategies based on three types of benefits they may provide (functional, symbolic, and hedonic), and we conceptualize these benefits as assets (or liabilities) that can influence object attachment

Reward-associated objects receive preferential attention, reflecting a bias in information processing that develops automatically following associative learning. Mounting evidence suggests that such value-driven attention operates abnormally in certain psychopathologies, with attentional biases for reward-associated objects being either exaggerated or blunted compared to healthy controls. Here, I review

This article puts forth a perspective that attitudes and attitude strength can serve as precursors to object attachment. To help the reader understand this perspective, I provide an overview of the attitude and attitude strength constructs and distinguish them from object attachment. I then explain a number of prominent ways in which attitudes and attitude strength can influence behaviors that might

It is well established that individuals have strong attachment to many possessions, but they cannot keep all these possessions forever. Disposition has received relatively limited attention in the literature though it is clear that disposition is significantly influenced by attachment. We review the burgeoning number of studies examining how possession attachment influences disposition. Attachment

The perceived value of our possessions extends well beyond their monetary worth or utility. Many possessions produce abiding attachments and contain deep conceptual meanings, which strongly influence our drive to acquire, retain, or relinquish them. In both the endowment effect and hoarding disorder (HD) research had focused on the degree that a fear of loss produces overvaluation by owners. There

People generally respond to resource scarcity through one of two pathways: scarcity-reduction or control-restoration. We draw from recent work on the solidity (versus liquidity) of consumption opportunities to offer a new lens through which to view how the two pathways that follow from resource scarcity relate to object attachment. In this review, we discuss when each pathway predicts stronger (versus

This article reviews how objects can serve as indicators of one's identity and signals of important life events. Objects carry both personal and social meaning, and ownership or usage increases the linkage between the object and the self. Owned objects are valued more due to their linkage with the (positively viewed) self. Similarly, self-views can assimilate to the associations of the owned or used

It has long been argued that people become attached to objects because objects help people to define, reflect, and communicate the self. In this article we consider whether objects not only help to 'know thyself' but also to 'fuel thyself'. In other words, whether objects can contribute to self-regulation. We review past research to consider whether the functional and symbolic aspects of objects are

Motives for acquiring and saving objects are closely linked to object attachment, but the nature of these associations has not been established. A better understanding of the motives for acquiring and saving possessions and how they relate to object attachment may reveal insights into the underpinnings of hoarding disorder. In turn, these insights can aid in identifying optimal targets for interventions

Eyewitnesses to crimes sometimes search for a culprit on social media before viewing a police lineup, but it is not known whether this affects subsequent lineup identification accuracy. The present online study was conducted to address this. Two hundred and eighty-five participants viewed a mock crime video, and after a 15–20 min delay either (i) viewed a mock social media site including the culprit

The aim of the study is to reveal the underlying structure of issues of university students taking online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The overall design of the study includes a review of contemporary literature and field survey for data collection and analysis. Discourse of literature coupled with expert opinion has been employed for identification of issues. Interpretive Structural

In the performing arts, such as music and dance performances, people actively interact with each other and show their exciting performances. Some studies have proposed that this interaction is a social origin of the performing arts. Some have further investigated this phenomenon based on the synchronization and coordination theory. Though the majority of these studies have focused on the collaborative

Partially automated vehicle technology is increasingly common on-road. While this technology can provide safety benefits to drivers, it also introduces new concerns about driver attention. In particular, during partially automated driving (PAD), drivers are expected to stay vigilant so they can readily respond to important events in their environment. However, using partially automated vehicles on

The study utilizing correlation, regression, confirmatory factor analyses, analysis of variance, moderation and mediation analysis, investigated connections of stereotypes, emotions and socio-cultural variables in a single sample single group design. Prior to data processing, Georgian versions of the SCM questionnaires were validated through CFA. Study looked at Georgian students’ attitudes to: a.

The ability to represent, discriminate, and perform arithmetic operations on discrete quantities (numerosities) has been documented in a variety of species of different taxonomic groups, both vertebrates and invertebrates. We do not know, however, to what extent similarity in behavioral data corresponds to basic similarity in underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for magnitude representation

High quality monitoring of mental health and wellbeing over an extended period is essential to understand how communities respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and how to best tailor interventions. Multiple community threats may also have cumulative impact on mental health, so examination across several contexts is important. The objective of this study is to report on changes in mental health and wellbeing

Adolescent gender-based violence prevention and sexuality education is a topic of current concern given the increasing numbers of violence directed at girls. It is known that almost one in three girls aged 15-19 years has experienced gender-based violence in their sexual relationships (WHO, 2018). According to a World Bank report (2019), this risk could reach three to four times higher for girls with

Native (L1) and to some extent non-native (L2) speakers have shown processing advantages for idioms compared to novel literal phrases, and there is limited evidence that this advantage also extends to memory in L1 children. This study investigated whether these advantages generalize to recognition memory in adults. It employed a learning paradigm to test whether there is a recognition memory advantage

Shame is an unconscious, somewhat unattended and neglected emotion and occurs when individual and socio-cultural norms are violated. It often impacts negatively on the self and others across cultures. During the Covid-19 crises, shame has become an important emotion with a powerful effect, depending on how it is experienced within the socio-cultural context. This article explores shame in international

We investigate the underexplored question of when speakers make use of the omission phenomenon verb phrase ellipsis (VPE) in English given that the full form is also available to them. We base the interpretation of our results on the well-established information-theoretic Uniform Information Density (UID) hypothesis: Speakers tend to distribute processing effort uniformly across utterances and avoid

The ability to play with a variety of timbres on the piano relates to advanced pianistic skills for a performer; however, little is known regarding how the skills are acquired in piano lessons. The literature review draws attention to the sound-producing/facilitating gestures, bodily awareness, and proprioceptive feelings in piano playing, suggesting the adoption of a “mind-body integration” perspective

Despite the growing research attention on the topic of abusive supervision, how abusive supervision affects individual and team creativity have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Drawn from the perspective of leader-member exchange (LMX), the current study develops a multilevel model to explore the relationships between abusive supervision and creativity at both team and individual levels, with

In response to calls for research to improve human-machine teaming, we present a “perspective” paper that explores techniques from computer science that can enhance machine agents for human-machine teams. As part of this paper, we (1) summarize the state of the science on critical team competencies identified for effective HMT, (2) discuss technological gaps preventing machines from fully realizing

Arts education in schools frequently experiences the pressure of being validated by demonstrating quantitative impact on academic outcomes. The quantitative evidence to date has been characterized by the application of largely correlational designs and frequently applies a narrow focus on instrumental outcomes such as academically relevant competencies. The present review aims to summarize quantitative

Background: The current study set out to improve our understanding of the characteristics of individuals who are motivated to restrict their food intake yet who nevertheless fail to do so. We examined whether punishment sensitivity (PS) was related to restrained eating, and reward sensitivity (RS) to perceived dieting success. Additionally, it was examined whether executive control moderates the association

Testing is an effective learning method and it is the basis of mobile quiz apps. Quiz apps have the potential to facilitate remote and self-regulated learning. In this context, automatized feedback plays a crucial role. In two experimental studies, we examined the effects of two feedback types of quiz apps on performance, namely the standard corrective feedback of quiz apps and a feedback that incorporates

The article explores how social interaction is accomplished through intertwined verbal and bodily conduct, focusing on directive actions that include a second-person imperative form of the Finnish verb katsoa ‘to look’, typically kato. The study draws on video recordings of various outdoor activities in nature, mostly from family interaction with small children, and employs interactional linguistics

Psychological sex differences have been studied scientifically for more than a century, yet linguists still debate about the existence, magnitude, and causes of such differences in language use. Advances in psychology and cognitive neuroscience have shown the importance of sex and sexual orientation for various psychobehavioural traits, but the extent to which such differences manifest in language

The objective of this study is to determine the contribution made by knowledge of letters, phonological awareness, phonological memory, and alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric rapid automatised naming at the ages of six and seven to the ability of Spanish children to read words at seven years of age. A total of 116 Spanish-speaking school children took part in the study, from schools located in an average

The present study aimed to examine whether self-efficacy mediates the relationship between optimism, dimensions of psychological well-being (PWD), and resilience among Iranian students. The participants in this study included 251 Iranian students from University Putra Malaysia (UPM). Structural equation modeling using AMOS 20.0 was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there are significant

Music not only regulates mood but also promotes the development and maintenance of empathy and social understanding. Since empathy is crucial for well-being and indispensable in social life, it is necessary to develop training strategies to improve empathy and prosocial behaviors. To fulfill this aim, researchers have extensively investigated the effect of intensive musical training on the development

The satisfaction of the need to belong reflects in the sense of being an integrative part of the group or social system. There is some lack of empirical evidence for the structure of this sense at the macro level. This study assessed a two-dimensional model of the sense of belonging to the country, which included relational and spatiotemporal components. Participants were 539 university students from

Many studies of primate vocalization have been undertaken to improve our understanding of the evolution of language. Perhaps, for this reason, investigators have focused on calls that were thought to carry symbolic information about the environment. Here I suggest that even if these calls were in fact symbolic, there were independent reasons to question this approach in the first place. I begin by

Generating energy by renewable sources like wind, sun or water has led to the emergence of 'clean' energy that is generally available at low cost to the environ-ment and is generated from seemingly unbounded resources. Many countries have implemented schemes to support the diffusion of renewable energies. The diffu-sion of micro-generation technologies like roof-top photovoltaics is one of the suc-cess

It is well documented that training the rules employed in figural matrices tests enhances test performance. Previous studies only compare experimental conditions in which all or no rules were trained and therefore ignore the particular influence of knowledge about the easy and difficult rules. With the current study, we wanted to provide some first insights into this topic. Respondents were assigned