This study investigates the relationships between therapists' use of discourse particles and therapist empathy. Discourse particles, commonly found in non-English languages, are verbal elements that constitute metacommunication by encoding speakers' emotions and attitudes, which are typically expressed by nonverbal behaviors (e.g., intonation, tone, facial expression, nodding). We hypothesize an inverted

Despite widespread clinical, theoretical, and empirical support for the importance of alliance ruptures, little is known about the underlying biological level at times of rupture. The overarching goal of the present study was to investigate dyadic patterns of in-session oxytocin (OT) change between patients and therapists (e.g., patient's OT increases more than therapist's OT) as markers of withdrawal

Reports the retraction of "Changes in meaning in life, working alliance, and outcome in psychodynamic psychotherapy: What leads to what" by Katie L. Rim, Clara E. Hill and Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2022[Nov], Vol 69[6], 835-844). The following article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000636) is being retracted. This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan and

Reports the retraction of "Therapist-client agreement about their working alliance: Associations with attachment styles" by Seini O'Connor, Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr., Clara E. Hill and Charles J. Gelso (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2019[Jan], Vol 66[1], 83-93). The following article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000303) is being retracted. This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan

Reports the retraction of "Therapist initial attachment style, changes in attachment style during training, and client outcome in psychodynamic psychotherapy" by Yun Lu, Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr., Clara E. Hill and Charles J. Gelso (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2022[Nov], Vol 69[6], 794-802). The following article (https://doi.org/10 .1037/cou0000557) is being retracted. This retraction is at the

Reports the retraction of ""Where is the relationship" revisited: Using actor-partner interdependence modeling and common fate model in examining dyadic working alliance and session quality" by Xu Li, Seini O'Connor, Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. and Clara E. Hill (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2021[Mar], Vol 68[2], 194-207). The following article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000515) is being retracted

Reports the retraction of "The within-client alliance-outcome relationship: A response surface analysis" by Justin W. Hillman, Yun Lu, Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. and Clara E. Hill (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2022[Nov], Vol 69[6], 812-822). The following article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000630) is being retracted. This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan and Hill after the results

Reports the retraction of "Do therapists improve in their ability to assess clients' satisfaction? A truth and bias model" by Brian TaeHyuk Keum, Katherine Morales Dixon, Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr., Clara E. Hill and Charles J. Gelso (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2021[Oct], Vol 68[5], 608-620). The following article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000525) is being retracted. This retraction is at the

Reports the retraction of "Congruence and discrepancy between working alliance and real relationship: Variance decomposition and response surface analyses" by Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr., Kathryn Kline, Charles J. Gelso and Clara E. Hill (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2017[Jul], Vol 64[4], 394-409). The following article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000216) is being retracted. This retraction is at

Reports an error in "Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting" by Simon B. Goldberg, Tony Rousmaniere, Scott D. Miller, Jason Whipple, Stevan Lars Nielsen, William T. Hoyt and Bruce E. Wampold (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2016[Jan], Vol 63[1], 1-11). The article (https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000131), had an error in the Method

Reports the retraction of "A strong alliance is not enough: Item-level variation in an alliance measure moderates the alliance strength and client outcome relationship" by Mira An, Dennis M. Kivlighan Jr. and Clara E. Hill (Journal of Counseling Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, Aug 08, 2022, np). The following article (https://doi .org/10.1037/cou0000629) is being retracted. This retraction

The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of healing from family rejection among transgender and nonbinary Latinx individuals. Participants were asked how they navigated family dynamics related to gender identity and specific behaviors or resources that promoted their healing from experiences of family rejection. Data from 12 interviews with Latinx nonbinary and transgender adults were

This study of 176 university students tested a single-session explanatory feedback intervention (EFI), derived from the perfectionism coping processes model. Participants with higher self-critical perfectionism completed daily measures of stress appraisals, coping, and affect for 7 days. A randomized control design was used to compare an EFI condition with a waitlist control condition over 4 weeks

Research has shown that minority stress is linked to poorer mental health across a variety of stigmatized populations, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) people. It is therefore essential to understand factors that can counteract minority stress. To date, most research on LGBQ people's resilience relied on retrospective reports of stressful identity-salient experiences. This limits

A growing body of research has demonstrated the importance of therapists' multicultural orientation (MCO), namely, their cultural humility (CH), cultural comfort, and cultural missed opportunities, on treatment processes and outcomes (Davis et al., 2018). However, to date, few research has attempted to identify client factors that may moderate the relationship between therapists' MCO and therapeutic

The emerging literature highlights online racism (e.g., racist online interactions, exposure to racially traumatizing content) as a contemporary stressor among racially/ethnically minoritized adults. Thus, identifying factors that can help buffer the harmful impact of online racism are imperative. We examined engagement in antiracism advocacy and online coping as moderators that can potentially buffer

Immediacy is a skill therapists use to process the therapeutic relationship in the here and now. Although immediacy has been shown to enhance the therapeutic process, therapists are often reluctant to use it (Hill et al., 2018). In three studies, we developed and tested a measure to assess reasons that therapists avoid using this skill: the Barriers to Using Immediacy Scale (BUIS). In Study 1, 185

The present study explored the relationship between intersectional microaggressions (racism and heterosexism) and psychological distress outcomes among a sample of 370 Black lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults. Additionally, social support from family, friends, and significant others was examined as potential moderators. Results showed that intersectional microaggressions were associated with greater

We studied whether counseling self-efficacy increases after taking a helping skills course as well as whether trainer (instructor) effects are associated with postclass self-efficacy. We surveyed 551 undergraduate students and 27 trainers in helping skills courses across three semesters at one large mid-Atlantic U.S. public university. We found that students reported greater counseling self-efficacy

Culturally relevant stressors and protective factors are vital to understanding and effectively supporting Native American/Alaska Native (NA/AN) college students' mental health and well-being. This study examined the theorized pathways among historical loss, well-being, psychological distress, and the proposed cultural buffer of ethnic identity in the indigenist stress-coping model (ISCM). Cross-sectional

Among psychotherapy patients, unstable early distress scores are known to predict substantial intersession improvement later in treatment. The evidence has been ambiguous as to whether early distress instability also predicts outcome. We investigated the links among early distress instability, later intersession improvement, and outcome. In a sample of 1,796 students treated with brief psychotherapy

Indigenous Canadians suffer disproportionately from mental health concerns tied to histories of colonization, including exposure to Indian Residential Schools. Previous research has indicated that preferred therapies for Indigenous populations fuse traditional cultural practices with mainstream treatment. The present study comprised 32 interviews conducted with Indigenous administrators, staff, and

The negative impact of racism on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color's (BIPOC's) mental and physical health is well-documented. Research supports the critical role of personal hope as a buffer against despair and adverse health outcomes among BIPOC. However, there is a dearth of empirical research exploring the experiences of BIPOC's sense of collective hope. This study aimed to help fill this gap

Asian Americans are situated in a triangulated role in a black-white racial hierarchy designed to legitimize white supremacy (Kim, 1999). However, little is known about the lived experiences of Asian American triangulation and even less so in the context of anti-Asian racism. The present study was initially designed to examine anti-Asian racism at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, in a sociopolitical

The occurrence and impact of antiatheist stigma appear to differ based on the geography and religiousness of the communities in which atheists live (Frazer et al., 2020; Frost et al., 2022). However, few studies have examined the potentially unique experiences of atheists living in parts of the United States (U.S.) designated as rural. Using a critical, grounded theory approach, the present study interviewed

This study used qualitative methods to explore psychotherapists' experiences conducting at-home psychotherapy with older adults (60 + years) with long-term care needs and depression. We conducted semistructured interviews with 16 female psychotherapists (26-70 years old) who delivered at-home cognitive behavioral therapy to home-living older adults with long-term care needs and depression. We additionally

Sense of belonging is theorized to be a fundamental human need and has been shown to have important implications in many domains of life, including academic achievement. The Sense of Social Fit scale (SSF; Walton & Cohen, 2007) is widely used to assess college belongingness, particularly to study differences in academic experiences along lines of gender and race. Despite its wide use, the instrument's

In the present study, we used a large, national data set to examine psychotherapy outcomes from 9,515 Latinx clients seeking treatment in 71 college or university counseling centers in the United States, 13 of which were in Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) and 58 in predominantly White institutions (PWIs). We examined the hypothesis that Latinx clients in HSIs, compared to Latinx clients in PWIs

Anti-Blackness and systemic racism are long-standing pressing social issues that have received increasing attention in the counseling psychology literature. However, the past few years have demonstrated what can only be described as an emboldening of anti-Blackness-the brutal individual and systemic threats of emotional and physical violence and loss of life that Black individuals and communities face

In this article, the authors explain systemic racism through a racial-spatial framework wherein anti-Blackness, white supremacy, and racial capitalism interlock to create and recreate white space and time. Through the creation of private property, institutional inequities become embedded and structured for the benefit of white people. The framework provides a way to conceptualize how our geographies

Anti-Black racism (ABR) contributes to racial trauma and to the disproportionate negative mental, physical, and social outcomes faced by Black populations (Hargons et al., 2017; Wun, 2016a). The previous literature demonstrates that storytelling and other narrative interventions are often used to promote collective healing among Black people (Banks-Wallace, 2002; Moors, 2019). Storying survival (i

Universities and colleges in the United States implemented remote learning and restrictions on in-person social events during the Fall 2020 academic semester. These changes and restrictions, in addition to the other numerous negative impacts of COVID-19, can exacerbate the already stressful transition from high school to college. This transition is a key developmental period during which the complexity

Therapist and client hope have both been conceptualized and empirically examined as factors that contribute to the reduction of clients' distress in treatment. That is, clients may come to therapy demoralized and without hope per Frank and Frank's contextual model of psychotherapy. Therapy can serve to increase their hope and thereby contribute to the reduction of distress; however, therapists also

Sexual minorities (SMs) who are current/former members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDSs) report high levels of depression and risk for suicide. Recent research has suggested that specific LDS religious beliefs may be related to these negative mental health outcomes. Using two independent online samples of current/former LDS SMs (Sample 1 = 403; Sample 2 = 545), we tested associations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of brief, self-guided web-based interventions for decreasing distress among U.S. college students during the pandemic. Three randomized controlled trials were conducted during the spring (Study 1), summer (Study 2), and fall (Study 3) 2020 terms, and were combined into one sample to increase power (N = 775). We evaluated a web-based intervention

Sexual minorities report more psychological distress, unmet mental health needs, and barriers to mental health care compared with heterosexuals, yet little is known about their barriers to seeking out mental health care. The present study reports the factors that influence intentions to seek out mental health care of a national survey of 398 sexual minorities. Structural equation modeling identified

In this article, we aim to unpack some of the hidden curriculum in publishing successfully in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP) and other academic outlets. The many unspoken and implicit considerations behind writing a successful academic article can reinforce epistemic exclusions around class, gender, race, sexuality, and other axes of power that ultimately limit who gets to publish in academic

A body of research has been dedicated to demonstrating the relationship of perfectionism with a range of mental health indicators. Self-critical perfectionism, a component of perfectionism, has been framed primarily in a negative light within the mental health context. Given that research informs educational and clinical practices, it is important to explore the degree to which such findings generalize

While rich with opportunities for self-exploration, the transition to and through college is stressful, often associated with the onset or exacerbation of mental illness. Attending to these characteristics, this preregistered study asked whether derailment-or difficulties reconciling perceived identity change-in freshman year predicts senior depressive symptoms, and how individual risks for depression

Minimal research has examined the experiences of transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people in graduate school with no studies to date examining the experiences of TNB students in psychology graduate programs. The purpose of this study was to utilize a critical-ideological paradigm to identify recruitment, retention, and attrition factors for TNB people in counseling psychology (CP) programs with the aim

One important way in which people assert their agency in the workplace is by engaging in self-advocacy. We used the social cognitive model of career self-management (CSM; Lent & Brown, 2013) to examine hypothesized predictors and outcomes of workers' engagement in self-advocacy. Participants were 511 full-time employees who completed an online survey of self-assertive efficacy involving advocacy behavior

Meta-analyses have established the alliance as the most robust predictor of outcome in psychotherapy. A growing number of studies have evaluated potential threats to the conclusion that alliance is a causal factor in psychotherapy. One potential threat that has not been systematically examined is the possibility that the alliance-outcome association is driven by low alliance outliers. We examined the

Across the United States and Canada, the marginalization of Muslims has contributed to many Muslim women having mental health difficulties, making it essential that services are available and accessible. An email correspondence audit design research study was used to investigate whether mental health practitioners demonstrate implicit bias in the form of aversive prejudice against Muslim women during

Previous research suggests that common relationship factors are composed of two overarching factors, "Confidence in the therapist" and "Confidence in the treatment." The aim of this naturalistic process-outcome study was to investigate the reciprocal relationships between these two constructs and patients' symptom level across treatment. The sample consisted of 587 patients who were admitted to an

Understanding the psychological health of women of color (WOC) in a racialized and gendered society requires accessing, validating, and processing the lived experiences and emotions that stem from interlocking systems of oppression. Despite the importance of responding to the psychological health needs of this population, the group therapy literature on how to design and facilitate group therapy for

Counseling psychologists are a cogent fit to lead the movement toward a sex-positive professional psychology (Burnes et al., 2017a). Though centralizing training in human sexuality (HS; Mollen & Abbott, 2021) and sexual and reproductive health (Grzanka & Frantell, 2017) is congruent with counseling psychologists' values, training programs rarely require or integrate comprehensive sexuality training

This study investigated how client working alliance changed after transferring from one therapist to another: (a) When pre- and post-transfer therapists' attachment anxiety/avoidance were congruently higher or lower and (b) when the pretransfer therapists' attachment anxiety/avoidance were more or less discrepant from the posttransfer therapists. A Tau-U analysis and a multilevel polynomial regression

The present study examined the association between help-seeking public stigma and help-seeking self-stigma (i.e., internalization of stigma) and the relative association of both types of stigma with help-seeking attitude and intention using a full-information meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. We also investigated the moderating effect of gender, age, collectivism, and social group

A large body of research has shown that parents play a vital role in the development of adolescents' depression. However, previous research has overlooked the effects of a potentially critical factor, namely, parental perceptions, and beliefs about adolescents' depression. The present study examined whether parental perceptions of an adolescent's depressive symptoms predict longitudinal changes in

In this critical-constructivist grounded theory study, we interviewed 13 autistic-transgender, nonbinary, and/or gender diverse (TNG) individuals on the intersection of their autistic-TNG identities and how they resisted marginalization related to these experiences. Analysis revealed the experiences of living in a world that "doesn't seem quite set up the right way" and situated autistic-TNG experiences

The present study sought to apply an intersectional lens in predicting decent work (i.e., work that meets minimum standards for supporting worker dignity and livelihood). With a racially diverse sample of 302 women workers, we tested a moderated mediation model predicting decent work from economic constraints, experiences of sexism, experiences of racism, and the interaction of racism and sexism. Following

Currently, no reports exist on the phenomenon of early response in humanistic-experiential therapies. This study investigated the prognostic value of early response on posttreatment outcomes in person-centered experiential therapy (PCET) for depression within the English Improving Access to Psychological Therapies program. The design of the study was a retrospective observational cohort study. Routine

The authors examined how stability/change in working alliance predicted subsequent symptoms, and how stability/change in symptoms predicted subsequent alliance in a sample of 188 adult clients with 44 doctoral student therapists over the course of 893 eight-session time periods of individual psychodynamic psychotherapy. Clients completed the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised (WAI-SR; Hatcher

[Retraction notice: A retraction for this article was reported in Vol 70(4) of Journal of Counseling Psychology (see record 2023-89440-002). The following article (https://doi .org/10.1037/cou0000629) is being retracted. This retraction is at the request of coauthors Kivlighan and Hill after the results of an investigation by the University of Maryland Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB found

According to control mastery theory, patients in psychotherapy try to master their problems by disconfirming their pathogenic beliefs. This can be done by testing the therapist. So far, there is hardly any evidence on what concrete interventions or statements of therapists are specifically helpful in passing those tests. In our study, we analyzed the verbal utterances of therapists in test situations

The alliance has been a leading player in the long-running debate on whether therapeutic change is driven by factors common across distinct treatments or by treatment-specific factors. The present study disentangled between-patients differences in alliance strength from within-patient changes to investigate whether two treatments with identical goals but based on different roles of alliance differ

We examined how meaning in life was associated with working alliance (WA) and outcomes, all from the client perspective. Random intercept lagged cross-panel analyses were used to analyze data from intake and after every eight sessions for the first 24 sessions of open-ended individual psychodynamic psychotherapy from 94 clients nested within 12 therapists. We found that, for all four time periods,

This study was designed to examine the directionality of short-term temporal relations between academic support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal progress, which are hypothesized as mediators that channel the effects of personality and affective variables on academic well-being. Using the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) approach, four temporal models were tested on

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only accounted for a substantial number of deaths in the United States but also deleterious mental health outcomes. We integrated multiple lines of previous research to better understand psychological strengths and difficulties in the face of the pandemic by testing a moderated mediation model that posited that rumination mediates the relationship between COVID-related

Although the theory of epistemic trust has started informing research in clinical populations and psychotherapy, no study has yet explored the phenomenon of epistemic trust and mistrust in depressed adolescents receiving psychotherapy. The present study aims to address this gap by creating a typology of depressed adolescents' experiences regarding their different journeys through the course of psychotherapy