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Saccadic selection in visual working memory is robust across the visual field and linked to saccade metrics: Evidence from nine experiments and more than 100,000 trials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Sven Ohl,Lisa M Kroell,Martin Rolfs
Visual working memory and actions are closely intertwined. Memory can guide our actions, but actions also impact what we remember. Even during memory maintenance, actions such as saccadic eye movements select content in visual working memory, resulting in better memory at locations that are congruent with the action goal as compared to incongruent locations. Here, we further substantiate the claim
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The benefits of difference-education interventions in lower-resourced institutions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Nicole M Stephens,Sarah S M Townsend,Rebecca M Carey,MarYam G Hamedani,Tiffany N Brannon,Mary C Murphy
Difference-education is an intervention that addresses psychological barriers that can undermine the academic performance of first-generation college students (i.e., those who have parents without 4-year degrees). Difference-education interventions improve first-generation students' performance by empowering them to navigate higher education environments more effectively. They also improve students'
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Remembering our darkest moments: Reminiscence bumps for highly negative life events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Çağlayan Özdemir,David B Pillemer,Michelle D Leichtman
Prior research has shown that the lifetime age distribution of adults' personal memories peaks in late adolescence and early adulthood, and that this reminiscence bump is apparent primarily for positive rather than negative events. Inspired by sociological research on the crime-age curve, four new studies tested the idea that adults' negative memories of moral transgressions and behavioral missteps
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The role of loudness in vocal intimidation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Andrey Anikin,Daria Valente,Katarzyna Pisanski,Clement Cornec,Gregory A Bryant,David Reby
Across many species, a major function of vocal communication is to convey formidability, with low voice frequencies traditionally considered the main vehicle for projecting large size and aggression. Vocal loudness is often ignored, yet it might explain some puzzling exceptions to this frequency code. Here we demonstrate, through acoustic analyses of over 3,000 human vocalizations and four perceptual
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Aging, emotion, and cognition: The role of strategies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Patrick Lemaire
In three experiments, I examined the role of emotions in arithmetic and investigated how this role changes with aging. I adopted a strategy approach and examined strategic aspects of participants' performance under emotionally neutral and negative conditions. The data showed that negative emotions led participants to (a) use fewer strategies and change how often they used each available strategy (Experiment
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Children's language-based pedagogical preferences in a multilingual society. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Sharanya Bashyam,Marc Colomer,Radhika Santhanagopalan,Katherine D Kinzler,Amanda Woodward
A majority of the world's population is multilingual, yet children's language-based preferences have largely been studied in Western monolingual contexts. The present research investigated language-based preferences in 4- to 8-year-old children living in Hyderabad, India, a multilingual region with languages such as Telugu (official language of the state, and the native language of many children in
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Conveying and detecting listening during live conversation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Hanne K Collins,Julia A Minson,Ariella Kristal,Alison Wood Brooks
Across all domains of human social life, positive perceptions of conversational listening (i.e., feeling heard) predict well-being, professional success, and interpersonal flourishing. However, a fundamental question remains: Are perceptions of listening accurate? Prior research has not empirically tested the extent to which humans can detect others' cognitive engagement (attentiveness) during live
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We are wanderers: Abstract geometry reflects spatial navigation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Yi Lin,Moira R Dillon
Philosophers throughout history have debated the relations between the abstract geometry of formal mathematics and the physical geometry of the natural world. We provide evidence that abstract geometry reflects the geometry humans and nonhuman animals use for spatial navigation. Across two preregistered experiments, educated adults watched short videos of two points and two line segments forming an
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Expectations of intergroup empathy bias emerge by early childhood. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Rodney Tompkins,Katie Vasquez,Emily Gerdin,Yarrow Dunham,Zoe Liberman
Across two preregistered studies with children (3-12-year-olds; N = 356) and adults (N = 262) from the United States, we find robust expectations for intergroup empathic biases. Participants predicted that people would feel better about ingroup fortunes than outgroup fortunes and worse about ingroup misfortunes than outgroup misfortunes. Expectations of empathic bias were stronger when there was animosity
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Temporal crowding with central vision reveals the fragility of visual representations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Tomer Sahar,Yaffa Yeshurun
This study examined whether temporal crowding-the impaired object identification when distracting objects precede and succeed it-occurs at the fovea and if so whether its magnitude is reduced. We presented a central sequence of three oriented items separated by relatively long intervals (200/400 ms) and used an orientation estimation task with mixture-model analyses. We found clear evidence of temporal
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Visual cues and food intake: A preregistered replication of Wansink et al. (2005). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Alejandra Lopez,Alyssa K Choi,Nadia C Dellawar,Brooke C Cullen,Sonia Avila Contreras,Daniel L Rosenfeld,A Janet Tomiyama
Imagine a bowl of soup that never emptied, no matter how many spoonfuls you ate-when and how would you know to stop eating? Satiation can play a role in regulating eating behavior, but research suggests visual cues may be just as important. In a seminal study by Wansink et al. (2005), researchers used self-refilling bowls to assess how visual cues of portion size would influence intake. The study found
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Task-adaptive changes to the target template in response to distractor context: Separability versus similarity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Xinger Yu,Raisa A Rahim,Joy J Geng
Theories of attention hypothesize the existence of an attentional template that contains target features in working or long-term memory. It is frequently assumed that the template contains a veridical copy of the target, but recent studies suggest that this is not true when the distractors are linearly separable from the target. In such cases, target representations shift "off-veridical" in response
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The development of orthography and phonology coupling in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex and its relation to reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Agnieszka M Dębska,Jin Wang,Gabriela K Dzięgiel-Fivet,Katarzyna M Chyl,Marta P Wójcik,Katarzyna M Jednoróg,James R Booth
The left ventral occipito-temporal (lvOT) cortex is considered to house the brain's representation of orthography (i.e., the spelling patterns of words). Because letter-sound coupling is crucial in reading, we investigated the engagement of the lvOT cortex in processing phonology (i.e., the sound patterns of words) as a function of reading acquisition. We tested 47 Polish children both at the beginning
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Nonverbal displays of dominance and prestige: Evidence for cross-cultural and early-emerging recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Zachary Witkower,Alexander K Hill,Anthea Pun,Andrew S Baron,Jeremy Koster,Jessica L Tracy
Two universal strategies for attaining influence-dominance, or the use of intimidation and force to obtain power, and prestige, or garnering respect by demonstrating knowledge and expertise-are communicated through distinct nonverbal displays in North America. Given evidence for the emergence and effectiveness of these strategies across cultures, including non-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich
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When does intent matter for memory? Bridging perspectives with Craik. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Hannah Dames,Vencislav Popov
In his commentary, Craik (see record 2023-42323-002) argued that while intentional remembering might be effective for some populations and memory tasks, these are the exception, and that intent will not benefit memory if incidental encoding induces optimal processing. While we agree on many points, we maintain that in most situations the processes induced by the intention to remember are more effective
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Rethinking egocentric bias: A computer mouse-tracking study of adult belief processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Richard J O'Connor,Andrew P Lucas,Kevin J Riggs
Several theories of belief processing assume that processing another's false belief requires overcoming an egocentric bias toward one's current knowledge. The current evidence in support of this claim, however, is limited. In order to investigate the presence of egocentric bias in adult belief processing, computer mouse tracking was used across three experiments to measure attraction toward response
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Colorfulness influences perceptions of valence and arousal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Adam D Pazda,Christopher A Thorstenson,Adam K Fetterman
Research on color-emotion associations provides evidence that hue, chroma, and lightness relate to various emotional experiences. Most of this research has assessed these relationships via isolated color swatches while confounding color dimensions. We broadened the medium in which color-emotion associations were made by manipulating color in photographs varying in valence and/or arousal, and we solely
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Learning where to be flexible: Using environmental cues to regulate cognitive control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Shengjie Xu,Jonas Simoens,Tom Verguts,Senne Braem
Cognitive flexibility refers to a mental state that allows efficient switching between tasks. While deciding to be flexible is often ascribed to a strategic resource-intensive executive process, people may also simply use their environment to trigger different states of cognitive flexibility. We developed a paradigm where participants were exposed to two environments with different task-switching probabilities
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Infants' visual attention to own-race and other-race faces is moderated by experience with people of different races in their daily lives. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Sophie H Arnold,Nicole Burke,Rachel A Leshin,Marjorie Rhodes
Infants sometimes differentially attend to faces of different races, but how this tendency develops across infancy and how it may vary for infants growing up with different exposure to racial diversity remain unclear. The present study examined the role of experiences with racial diversity on infants' visual attention to different racial groups (specifically own-race vs. other-race groups) in the first
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Premature predictions: Accurate forecasters are not viewed as more competent for earlier predictions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Robert Mislavsky,Celia Gaertig
How does the timing of a prediction influence how a forecaster is perceived? Many people believe that they will be seen as more competent if they make accurate predictions far in advance of an event. However, we find that forecasters are not seen as more competent-and are sometimes seen as less competent-when they make predictions far in advance of an event occurring. Furthermore, we find that this
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A novel electroencephalography-based paradigm to measure intergroup prosociality: An intergenerational study in the aftermath of the genocide against Tutsis in Rwanda. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Guillaume P Pech,Darius Gishoma,Emilie A Caspar
Studying how intergroup prosociality evolves in war-torn societies is critical for gaining a better understanding of conflict perpetuation. Rwanda provides a unique example of how two groups must reconcile and manage their intergroup biases following a genocidal process. In this study, we employed a novel intended behavior task to measure intergroup prosociality among former genocide perpetrators,
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The format of the cognitive map depends on the structure of the environment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Michael Peer,Catherine Nadar,Russell A Epstein
Humans and animals form cognitive maps that allow them to navigate through large-scale environments. Here we address a central unresolved question about these maps: whether they exhibit similar characteristics across all environments, or-alternatively-whether different environments yield different types of maps. To investigate this question, we examined spatial learning in three virtual environments:
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The development of modal intuitions: A test of two accounts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Brandon W Goulding,Farishteh Khan,Keisuke Fukuda,Jonathan D Lane,Samuel Ronfard
Young children, unlike adults, deny that improbable events can happen. We test two accounts explaining this developmental shift. The development = reflection account posits that this shift is driven by an emerging ability to reflect on modal intuitions. In contrast, the development = intuition account posits that this shift is driven by changes in modal intuitions themselves, due to age-related changes
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How do numbers shift spatial attention? Both processing depth and counting habits matter. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Samuel Shaki,Martin H Fischer
There have been inconsistent reports about whether seeing small versus large numbers (e.g., 1 or 2 vs. 8 or 9) automatically shifts an observer's attention into left versus right hemispace. We report four visual detection experiments (N = 162) where centrally presented uninformative number cues were followed by lateralized targets that required go/no-go responses. Processing depth was manipulated by
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Sticky tradition impedes selection of creative ideas. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Moritz Reis,Anna Foerster,Ingo Zettler,Wilfried Kunde,Roland Pfister
Creativity is a driving force for human development and has fascinated scholars for centuries. Surprisingly little is known about the cognitive underpinnings of putting creative ideas into action, however. To shed light on this part of the creative process, we tracked how hand movements unfolded when choosing between either a traditional or a creative use of a given object. Participants could freely
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Interaction between top-down decision-driven congruency effect and bottom-up input-driven congruency effect is correlated with conscious awareness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Ze-Fan Zheng,Shu-Yue Huang,Shena Lu,Yong-Chun Cai
In a conventional (Stroop) priming paradigm, it was well documented that objective prime-target incongruency delays response time (RT) to target compared to prime-target congruent condition. Recent evidence suggests that incongruency between the target and subjectively reported prime identity also delays RT over and above the classic congruency effect. When the prime is rendered invisible, the former
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Checking gender bias: Parents and mentors perceive less chess potential in girls. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Sophie H Arnold,April H Bailey,Wei Ji Ma,Jennifer Shahade,Andrei Cimpian
Girls and women are underrepresented in chess. Here, we explored the role of gender bias in this phenomenon. Specifically, we investigated whether parents and mentors (e.g., coaches) show bias against the female youth players in their lives. Parents and mentors (N = 286; 90.6% men) recruited through the U.S. Chess Federation reported their evaluations of and investment in youth players (N = 654). We
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You can't dismantle what you don't recognize: The effect of learning critical Black history in healthcare on perspective-taking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Kimberly J Martin,Kerri L Johnson
Black (compared to White) Americans endure worse healthcare and health outcomes, and discrimination perpetuates these disparities. However, many White Americans deny that racial injustice exists. Two studies (N = 1,853 White Americans) tested whether learning Critical Black History (history of injustice) in healthcare increased perspective-taking and its subsequent impact on racism recognition. When
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The contingent reputational benefits of selective exposure to partisan information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Molly Moore,Charles A Dorison,Julia A Minson
Individuals often preferentially avoid information that contradicts and seek information that aligns with their prior beliefs-a tendency referred to as "selective exposure." Traditionally, prior research has focused on intrapersonal drivers of selective exposure, including avoidance of cognitive dissonance. We take a complementary approach by investigating the conditions under which interpersonal concerns
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Body appearance values modulate risk aversion in eating restriction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Paul Mark Jenkinson,Athanasios Koukoutsakis,Elena Panagiotopoulou,Eleonora Vagnoni,Benedetta Demartini,Veronica Nistico,Orsola Gambini,Anastasia Christakou,Aikaterini Fotopoulou
The understanding of eating disorders is hindered by the lack of integration between existing psychosocial and neurobiological approaches. We address this problem by developing a novel transdiagnostic and computational approach to eating restriction decisions. We first validated a novel paradigm which extends an established monetary risk task to involve body stimuli with psychosocial values. We used
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Transparency about lagging diversity numbers signals genuine progress. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Evan P Apfelbaum,Eileen Y Suh
Numerous organizations pledge to increase diversity, yet few publicly disclose how diverse they are. We suggest this reluctance to be transparent stems from an intuitive (albeit often misplaced) psychological calculation: that revealing struggles to increase diversity will undermine one's credibility and reputation. We evaluate the effects of transparency about lagging diversity numbers across four
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Event segmentation structures temporal experience: Simultaneous dilation and contraction in rhythmic reproductions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Joan Danielle K Ongchoco,Tristan S Yates,Brian J Scholl
We experience the world in terms of both (continuous) time and (discrete) events, but time seems especially primitive-since we cannot perceive events without an underlying temporal medium. It is all the more intriguing, then, to discover that event segmentation can itself influence how we perceive the passage of time. We demonstrated this using a novel "rhythmic reproduction" task, in which people
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Attributions to discrimination in multiracial contexts: Isolating the effect of target group membership. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Laurie T O'Brien,Maria Casteigne,Tyler Waldon-Lee,Caley Lowe,Stefanie Simon
Historically, psychological models of how people make judgments of discrimination have relied on a binary conceptualization of intergroup relations, making it unclear how people make judgments of discrimination in diverse, multigroup contexts. We propose that groups can vary in the extent to which they fit the prototype for targets of discrimination and that this variation influences judgments of discrimination
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A near-mint view toward integration: Are adolescents more inclusive than adults? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Fabio Maratia,Beatrice Bobba,Elisabetta Crocetti
The increasing ethnic and cultural diversity of contemporary societies has raised the importance of integration policies for people with a migrant background. Tools like the Migrant Integration Policy Index have been developed to evaluate different countries' integration approaches. If, on the one hand, focusing on what governments are doing to promote integration is necessary, on the other hand, it
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Awareness of implicit attitudes: Large-scale investigations of mechanism and scope. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Adam Morris,Benedek Kurdi
People can predict their scores on the Implicit Association Test with remarkable accuracy, challenging the traditional notion that implicit attitudes are inaccessible to introspection and suggesting that people might be aware of these attitudes. Yet, major open questions about the mechanism and scope of these predictions remain, making their implications unclear. Notably, people may be inferring their
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Testing the flexibility of ensemble coding: Limitations in cross-modal ensemble perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Greer Gillies,Keisuke Fukuda,Jonathan S Cant
Ensemble coding (the brain's ability to rapidly extract summary statistics from groups of items) has been demonstrated across a range of low-level (e.g., average color) to high-level (e.g., average facial expression) visual features, and even on information that cannot be gleaned solely from retinal input (e.g., object lifelikeness). There is also evidence that ensemble coding can interact with other
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Emotion from the sound of a word: Statistical relationships between surface form and valence of English words influence lexical access and memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Greig I de Zubicaray,Katie L McMahon,Joanne Arciuli,Elaine Kearney,Frank H Guenther
It is generally accepted that a word's emotional valence (i.e., whether a word is perceived as positive, negative, or neutral) influences how it is accessed and remembered. There is also evidence that the affective content of some words is represented in nonarbitrary sound-meaning associations (i.e., emotional sound symbolism). We investigated whether more extensive statistical relationships exist
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The adaptive flexibility of rhythmic attentional sampling in attending to multiple targets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Yong Jiang,Sheng He,Jiedong Zhang
Recent behavioral and neural imaging studies revealed a rhythmic sampling in the theta-band (3-8 Hz) of attention. Such observation indicates that visual attention sequentially visits attended locations rapidly and periodically to cover multiple spatial locations, which is believed driven by a general sampling mechanism with a sampling rate invariant to the number of targets. However, a general sampling
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Object-based encoding constrains storage in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 William X Q Ngiam,Krystian B Loetscher,Edward Awh
The fundamental unit of visual working memory (WM) has been debated for decades. WM could be object-based, such that capacity is set by the number of individuated objects, or feature-based, such that capacity is determined by the total number of feature values stored. The present work examined whether object- or feature-based models would best explain how multifeature objects (i.e., color/orientation
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Changing the culture of peer review for a more inclusive and equitable psychological science. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Mariam Aly,Eliana Colunga,M J Crockett,Matthew Goldrick,Pablo Gomez,Franki Y H Kung,Paul C McKee,Miriam Pérez,Sarah M Stilwell,Amanda B Diekman
Peer review is a core component of scientific practice. Although peer review ideally improves research and promotes rigor, it also has consequences for what types of research are published and cited and who wants to (and is able to) advance in research-focused careers. Despite these consequences, few reviewers or editors receive training or oversight to ensure their feedback is helpful, professional
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Effects of matching personal and organizational mindsets on belonging and organizational interest. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Laura E Wallace,Jennifer A LaCosse,Mary C Murphy,Ariana Hernandez-Colmenares,Lauren J Edwards,Kentaro Fujita
Growth mindsets are beliefs that abilities, like intelligence, are mutable. Although most prior work has focused on people's personal mindset beliefs, a burgeoning literature has identified that organizations also vary in the extent to which they communicate and endorse growth mindsets. Organizational growth mindsets have powerful effects on belonging and interest in joining organizations, suggesting
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Associations between executive functions assessed in different contexts in a genetically informative sample. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Samantha M Freis,Jordan D Alexander,Jacob E Anderson,Robin P Corley,Alejandro I De La Vega,Daniel E Gustavson,Scott I Vrieze,Naomi P Friedman
Executive functions (EFs) are cognitive functions that help direct goal-related behavior. EFs are usually measured via behavioral tasks assessed in highly controlled laboratory settings under the supervision of a research assistant. Online versions of EF tasks are an increasingly popular alternative to in-lab testing. However, researchers do not have the same control over the testing environment during
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Correction to Biderman et al. (2023). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-09-01
Reports an error in "The role of memory in counterfactual valuation" by Natalie Biderman, Samuel J. Gershman and Daphna Shohamy (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2023[Jun], Vol 152[6], 1754-1767). In this article, several corrections have been made to two equations, the text, and Figure 3. First, there was an error in two equations of the policy gradient model depicted in the Model Description
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False memories for ending of events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Petar P Raykov,Dominika Varga,Chris M Bird
Memories are not perfect recordings of the past and can be subject to systematic biases. Memory distortions are often caused by our experience of what typically happens in a given situation. However, it is unclear whether memory for events is biased by the knowledge that events usually have a predictable structure (a beginning, middle, and an end). Using video clips of everyday situations, we tested
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Judgments during perceptual comparisons predict distinct forms of memory updating. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Joseph M Saito,Gi-Yeul Bae,Keisuke Fukuda
Comparing a visual memory with new visual stimuli can bias memory content, especially when the new stimuli are perceived as similar. Perceptual comparisons of this kind may play a mechanistic role in memory updating and can explain how memories can become erroneous in daily life. To test this possibility, we investigated whether comparisons can produce other types of memory distortion beyond memory
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Policy abstraction as a predictor of cognitive effort avoidance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Ceyda Sayalı,Jordan Rubin-McGregor,David Badre
Consistent evidence has established that people avoid cognitively effortful tasks. However, the features that make a task cognitively effortful are still not well understood. Multiple hypotheses have been proposed regarding which task demands underlie cognitive effort costs, such as time-on-task, error likelihood, and the general engagement of cognitive control. In this study, we test the novel hypothesis
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Speech motor adaptation during synchronous and metronome-timed speech. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Abigail R Bradshaw,Daniel R Lametti,Douglas M Shiller,Kyle Jasmin,Ruiling Huang,Carolyn McGettigan
Sensorimotor integration during speech has been investigated by altering the sound of a speaker's voice in real time; in response, the speaker learns to change their production of speech sounds in order to compensate (adaptation). This line of research has however been predominantly limited to very simple speaking contexts, typically involving (a) repetitive production of single words and (b) production
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Conscientiousness does not moderate the association between political ideology and susceptibility to fake news sharing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Hause Lin,David G Rand,Gordon Pennycook
Recent work suggests that personality moderates the relationship between political ideology and the sharing of misinformation. Specifically, Lawson and Kakkar (2022) claimed that fake news sharing was driven mostly by low conscientiousness conservatives. We reanalyzed their data and conducted five new preregistered conceptual replications to reexamine their claims (N = 2,433; stopping rule determined
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When do we become more distractible? Progressive evolution of different components of distractibility from early to late adulthood. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Roxane S Hoyer,Oussama Abdoun,Mégane Riedinger,Romain Bouet,Alma Elshafei,Aurélie Bidet-Caulet
Distractibility determines the propensity to have one's attention captured by irrelevant information; it relies on a balance between voluntary and involuntary attention. We report a cross-sectional study that uses the competitive attention test to characterize patterns of attention across the adult life span from 21 to 86 years old. Several distractibility components were measured in 186 participants
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Immediate cross-language transfer of novel articulatory plans in bilingual speech. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Douglas M Shiller,Sarah Bobbitt,Daniel R Lametti
Current models of second language (L2) acquisition focus on interactions with a first language (L1) at the level of speech sound targets. In multilinguals, the degree of interaction between the articulatory plans that guide speech in each language remains unclear. Here, we directly address this question in bilingual speakers. We use a sensorimotor adaptation paradigm to drive the acquisition of novel
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Correction to Amir et al. (2023). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-10
Reports an error in "Computational signatures of inequity aversion in children across seven societies" by Dorsa Amir, David Melnikoff, Felix Warneken, Peter R. Blake, John Corbit, Tara C. Callaghan, Oumar Barry, Aleah Bowie, Lauren Kleutsch, Karen L. Kramer, Elizabeth Ross, Hurnan Vongsachang, Richard Wrangham and Katherine McAuliffe (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Advanced Online Publication
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Gravitational and retinal reference frames shape spatial memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Raffaele Tucciarelli,Elisa R Ferrè,Elena Amoruso,Elena Azañón,Matthew R Longo
When reproducing the remembered location of dots within a circle, judgments are biased toward the center of imaginary quadrants formed by imaginary vertical and horizontal axes. This effect may result from the heightened precision in the visual system for these orientations in a retinotopic reference frame, or alternately on the internal representation of gravity. We dissociated reference frames defined
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Knowledge updating in real-world estimation: Connecting hindsight bias and seeding effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Julia Groß,Barbara K Kreis,Hartmut Blank,Thorsten Pachur
When people estimate the quantities of objects (e.g., country populations), are then presented with the objects' actual quantities, and subsequently asked to remember their initial estimates, responses are often distorted towards the actual quantities. This hindsight bias-traditionally considered to reflect a cognitive error-has more recently been proposed to result from adaptive knowledge updating
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Pitfall or pratfall? Behavioral differences in infant learning from falling. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Danyang Han,Whitney G Cole,Amy S Joh,Yueqiao Liu,Scott R Robinson,Karen E Adolph
Researchers routinely infer learning and other unobservable psychological functions based on observable behavior. But what behavioral changes constitute evidence of learning? The standard approach is to infer learning based on a single behavior across individuals, including assumptions about the direction and magnitude of change (e.g., everyone should avoid falling repeatedly on a treacherous obstacle)
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Correction to Luzardo et al. (2023). Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-08-01
Reports an error in "Attention does not spread automatically along objects: Evidence from the pupillary light response" by Felipe Luzardo, Wolfgang Einhäuser, Monique Michl and Yaffa Yeshurun (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2023[Jul], Vol 152[7], 2040-2051). The target stimuli were missing from Figures 1 and 2 and have now been included. The online version of this article has been corrected
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Bilingual infants readily orient to novel visual stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Leher Singh,Marina Kalashnikova,Paul C Quinn
Bilingualism has been shown to modify infants' responses in a range of domains. In particular, early bilingual experience is associated with greater flexibility and openness in infant perception and learning. In this study, we investigated whether bilingual infants demonstrate more fundamental differences in how they explore their environment in ways that could contribute to greater openness. Specifically
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Outlier exclusion procedures for reaction time analysis: The cures are generally worse than the disease. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Jeff Miller
A methodological problem in most reaction time (RT) tasks is that some measured RTs may be outliers, being either too fast or too slow to reflect the task-related processing of interest. Numerous ad hoc procedures have been used to identify these outliers for exclusion from further analyses, but the accuracies of these methods have not been systematically compared. The present study compared the performance
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I am what I am: The role of essentialist beliefs and neurodivergent identification on individuals' self-efficacy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Alexa Lebrón-Cruz,Ariana Orvell
Essentialism is the belief that members of particular categories (e.g., social and cultural) are united by an innate underlying essence. While such beliefs have been associated with negative outcomes such as stereotyping, discrimination, and prejudice, minority group members can sometimes use essentialist beliefs to validate their identities. Here, we focus on people who identify as "neurodivergent"-individuals
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Exposure to robot preachers undermines religious commitment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Joshua Conrad Jackson,Kai Chi Yam,Pok Man Tang,Ting Liu,Azim Shariff
Over the last decade, robots continue to infiltrate the workforce, permeating occupations that once seemed immune to automation. This process seems to be inevitable because robots have ever-expanding capabilities. However, drawing from theories of cultural evolution and social learning, we propose that robots may have limited influence in domains that require high degrees of "credibility"; here we
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The moral consequences of teleological beliefs about the human species. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (IF 5.498) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Casey Lewry,Deborah Kelemen,Tania Lombrozo
Adults in prior work often endorse explanations appealing to purposes (e.g., "pencils exist so people can write with them"), even when these "teleological" explanations are scientifically unwarranted (e.g., "water exists so life can survive on Earth"). We explore teleological endorsement in a novel domain-human purpose-and its relationship to moral judgments. Across studies conducted online with a