Tversky's (1977) famous demonstration of a diagnosticity effect indicates that the similarity between the same two stimuli depends on the presence of contextual stimuli. In a forced choice task, the similarity between a target and a choice, appears to depend on the other choices. Specifically, introducing a distractor grouped with one of the options would reduce preference for the grouped option. However, the diagnosticity effect has been difficult to replicate, casting doubt on its robustness and our understanding of contextual effects in similarity generally. We propose that the apparent brittleness of the diagnosticity effect is because it is in competition with an opposite attraction effect. Even though in both the similarity and decision-making literatures there are indications for such a competition, we provide the first direct experimental demonstration of how an attraction effect can give way to a diagnosticity one, as a distractor option is manipulated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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相似性判断中的上下文效应。

Tversky (1977) 著名的诊断效应证明表明，相同的两个刺激之间的相似性取决于上下文刺激的存在。在强制选择任务中，目标和选择之间的相似性似乎取决于其他选择。具体来说，引入与其中一个选项分组的干扰项会降低对分组选项的偏好。然而，诊断效果难以复制，对其稳健性和我们对相似​​性上下文影响的理解产生了怀疑。我们认为诊断效应的明显脆弱性是因为它与相反的吸引力效应竞争。尽管在相似性和决策文献中都存在这种竞争的迹象，我们提供了第一个直接的实验演示，说明吸引力效应如何让位于诊断性效应，因为干扰选项被操纵。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。