OBJECTIVE To assess the dissemination of evidence-based content within smartphone apps for depression and anxiety by developing and applying user-adjusted analysis-a method for weighting app content based on each app's number of active users. METHOD We searched the Apple App Store and Google Play Store and identified 27 apps within the top search hits, which real-world users are most likely to encounter

OBJECTIVE Even though the early alliance has been shown to robustly predict posttreatment outcomes, the question whether alliance leads to symptom reduction or symptom reduction leads to a better alliance remains unresolved. To better understand the relation between alliance and symptoms early in therapy, we meta-analyzed the lagged session-by-session within-patient effects of alliance and symptoms

OBJECTIVE Ruptures and repairs in alliance and their association with treatment outcome have been studied widely. Many of these studies have used indirect methods, focused on decreases in alliance across sessions while measuring alliance at postsession. However, this approach does not establish whether observed decreases occur within (as insinuated by most theories) or between sessions. In the current

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that feedback-informed treatment can improve outcomes of psychological treatments. This randomized controlled effectiveness trial evaluated the effect of progress feedback on treatment duration, symptom reduction, and dropout in individual cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs). A control condition where CBT was combined with low-intensive monitoring of progress

Objective: Sudden gains during psychotherapy have been found to be predictive of positive treatment outcomes. Previous attempts at predicting occurrence of sudden gains have yielded equivocal findings. Recently, intraindividual variability in symptoms during treatment was suggested as a trans-therapeutic and trans-diagnostic predictor of sudden gains. The goal of the present study was to examine this

OBJECTIVE The current investigation aimed to examine the possible association between therapists' flexibility in use of therapeutic techniques from different therapy orientations (i.e., therapeutic technique diversity; TTD) and subsequent improvement in client-reported (a) global functioning, as well as (b) quality of the working alliance, following sessions in which alliance ruptures occurred. METHOD

OBJECTIVE Psychotherapy outcomes vary between therapists, but it is unclear how such information can be used for treatment planning or practice development. This proof-of-concept study aimed to develop a data-driven method to match patients to therapists. METHOD We analyzed data from N = 4,849 patients who accessed cognitive-behavioral therapy in U.K. primary care services. The main outcome was posttreatment

OBJECTIVES E-mental health (digital) interventions can help overcome existing barriers that stand in the way of people receiving help for an eating disorder (ED). Although e-mental health interventions for treating and preventing EDs have been met with enthusiasm, earlier reviews brought attention to poor quality of evidence, and offered solutions to enhance their evidence base. To assess developments

Objective: Despite the prevalence and impact of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), there are few treatments developed to treat the behavior specifically, and little is known about moderators of treatment response. The Treatment for Self-Injurious Behaviors (T-SIB), a brief, behavioral intervention, was developed to treat NSSI in young adults; a previous pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing

OBJECTIVES Few studies have examined how much individuals change on intermediate targets of risk to reoffend. Even fewer studies have examined the extent to which change on such measures predict reoffending. Establishing the validity of intermediate measures requires a multistep approach that (a) assesses the reliability of the change, (b) assesses change using statistical analyses that can account

OBJECTIVE Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for psychosis is recommended in many national guidelines, but dissemination into routine health care remains poor. This study tests whether an 8-week, CBT-oriented, Internet-based intervention (IBI) for people with psychosis is feasible, effective, and safe compared to care as usual. METHOD A sample of 101 people diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

OBJECTIVE To determine latent classes of treatment receipt among people with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) and describe each class by demographics, disease characteristics, and psychiatric diagnoses. METHOD Participants were National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III respondents with lifetime PTSD and SUD (n = 1,349; mean age

OBJECTIVE Motivation deficits remain an unmet treatment need in schizophrenia. Recent research has identified mechanisms underlying motivation deficits (i.e., impaired effort-cost computations, reduced future reward-value representation maintenance) that may be effective treatment targets to improve motivation. This study tested the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of Mobile Enhancement of

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a lay provider-delivered, brief intervention to reduce problem drinking and related family consequences among men in Kenya. The 5-session intervention combines behavioral activation (BA) and motivational interviewing (MI). It integrates family-related material explicitly and addresses central cultural factors through gender transformative strategies. METHOD A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline

OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) prevention program on children's outcomes more than 2 years after enrollment, including direct effects of the intervention and indirect effects through couple functioning and parent-child relations. METHOD Three hundred forty-six African American couples with an early adolescent child participated;

OBJECTIVE Executive function deficits are well-established in ADHD. Unfortunately, replicated evidence indicates that executive function training for ADHD has been largely unsuccessful. We hypothesized that this may reflect insufficient targeting, such that extant protocols do not sufficiently and specifically target the neurocognitive systems associated with phenotypic ADHD behaviors/impairments.

OBJECTIVE We applied the experimental therapeutics approach to test whether acute treatment outcomes for winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD) are mediated by a cognitive mechanism in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-SAD) versus a chronobiologic mechanism in light therapy (LT). METHOD Currently depressed adults with major depression, recurrent with seasonal pattern (N = 177; 83.6% female, 92.1%

OBJECTIVE The first randomized controlled trial of psychological first aid (PFA) was conducted, using crime victims as participants. For study Aim 1, investigators tested whether paraprofessional victim advocates could be trained to deliver PFA to crime victims. For study Aim 2, investigators tested the effect of PFA delivery on victims' psychiatric (i.e., symptoms of PTSD, somatization, depression

OBJECTIVE The study explored the presence of different patterns of change in a sample of patients who received cognitive therapy for depression sequentially in two different formats: group and individual. Our hypothesis was that patients' baseline characteristics (e.g., symptom severity, self-esteem) would discriminate patterns of response to group and individual therapy. METHOD 108 adults who met

OBJECTIVE We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to promote health behavior change based on self-determination theory (SDT). The review aimed to (a) quantify the impact of SDT interventions on health behaviors, (b) test mediation by theoretically specified variables (autonomous motivation and perceived competence), and (c) identify moderators of intervention effectiveness

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify differential patient change processes and mechanisms associated with long-term outcome in exposure-based cognitive therapy (EBCT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. METHOD We drew on a randomized controlled trial in which 149 patients were randomly assigned to either EBCT or CBT, with the treatments showing comparable efficacy at 12-month follow-up

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of Body Project groups delivered virtually (vBP) by peer educators for prevention of eating disorders. METHOD In a randomized controlled trial vBP groups (N = 149) were compared with a placebo (expressive writing, EW: N = 148) over 24-month follow-up and to a waitlist control condition (N = 146) over 6-month follow-up among females (15-20 years old) with

OBJECTIVE We explored the internal structure of within-group variation in the syndemic construct among bisexual adolescents, an understudied and highly vulnerable population known to experience health disparities compared with monosexuals (those attracted to a single gender). We sought to identify patterns of co-occurrence among three domains of high priority behavioral risks-sexual risk factors, substance

OBJECTIVES This study updated existing meta-analyses of couple therapy that typically do not include multiple treatment modalities, various research designs, long-term outcomes, or recent studies. Eligibility Criteria: Studies published in English that reported relationship satisfaction or other outcomes of couple therapy were included; over 70% of studies have not been included in previous meta-analyses

OBJECTIVE To remedy the notable gap in evidence-based treatments for sexual minority women, this study tested the efficacy of a minority-stress-focused cognitive-behavioral treatment intended to improve this population's mental and behavioral health. METHOD The intervention, EQuIP (Empowering Queer Identities in Psychotherapy), was adapted from a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral treatment as also

BACKGROUND Adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms are prevalent in sub-Saharan African countries, yet treatment options are scarce, and stigma limits help-seeking. Brief, computerized single-session interventions (SSIs) that contain empirically supported stigma-reducing elements may help expand access to treatment. We developed and evaluated such an intervention for Kenyan adolescents. METHOD High

OBJECTIVE The current study examined the comparative efficacy of a more intensive version of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (I-PCIT; 5 days/week over 2 weeks) versus a time-limited weekly PCIT format (1 day/week over 10 weeks) in treating early childhood externalizing behavior problems. METHOD Using a randomized trial design, 60 young children (mean age [Mage] = 4.33 years; 65% male; 85% Latinx)

OBJECTIVE The current study examined predictors and moderators of two interventions for binge-eating disorder (BED). METHOD Participants were 112 adults with BED (Mage = 39.7 ± 13.4 years; MBMI = 35.1 ± 13.4 kg/m²; 82% female; 91% Caucasian) randomly assigned to integrative cognitive-affective therapy for BED (ICAT-BED) or guided self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBTgsh). Generalized linear models

Objective: Although most self-report measures of distress are intended to assess time-varying constructs, they are usually developed using between-person data. They are therefore vulnerable to misspecification due to measurement nonequivalence at the between-person and within-person levels. In recent years, multiple studies have found that self-report distress may not be the same when considered over

OBJECTIVE Suicide remains a leading cause of death in the United States, and recent reports have suggested the suicide rate is increasing. One of the most robust predictors of future suicidal behavior is a history of attempting suicide. Despite this, little is known about the factors that reduce the likelihood of reattempting suicide. This study compares theoretically derived suicide risk indicators

OBJECTIVE Substantial research has accrued in support of a key role for social processes in substance use disorders (SUD). Researchers have developed a range of interventions that capitalize on these social processes to bolster treatment outcomes by involving significant others (e.g., romantic partners, family, friends) in SUD treatment. Yet dissemination of these treatments to many contexts has been

OBJECTIVE This study tested the Adaptation to Poverty-Related Stress (APRS) model's proposed relationships between poverty-related stress (PRS), ethnic identity affirmation (EI), social support, engagement coping, and depression in a racial/ethnically diverse sample of low-income parents. METHOD Path analysis was used to test the APRS model in a sample of 602 parents living at or below 200% of the

OBJECTIVE African American female adolescents face disparities compared with White peers in the interrelated areas of mental health symptoms and sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition. IMARA (Informed, Motivated, Aware and Responsible about AIDS) is a group-based mother-daughter intervention addressing these factors among African American teenagers. Previous work demonstrated that female

OBJECTIVE Suicide ideators and suicide attempters might differ in 3 possible ways. First, they might differ in a simple way such that one or a small set of factors are both necessary and sufficient to distinguish between the 2 groups. Second, ideators and attempters might differ in a complicated way such that a specific combination of a large set of factors is necessary and sufficient for the distinction

OBJECTIVE In a randomized trial for women with alcohol use disorders (AUD), the efficacy of Female-Specific Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (FS-CBT) was compared with Gender-Neutral CBT (GN-CBT; Epstein et al., 2018). The current study examined whether putative mechanisms of change differed between treatment conditions, using a novel statistical approach. Both treatments were hypothesized to work by increasing

Objective: Although most studies investigating sudden gains in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report a positive association between sudden gains and outcomes at the end of treatment, less is known about sudden gains in routine clinical care and the processes involved in their occurrence. This study investigated changes in cognitive factors (negative appraisals, trauma memory characteristics)

OBJECTIVE To identify scalable interventions for improving sexual minority mental health and health-risk behavior, this study tested the efficacy of two self-guided online writing interventions-expressive writing and self-affirmation. To reach sexual minority young adults living in high-stigma, low-resource settings, we developed and tested these interventions in Appalachian Tennessee. METHOD In consultation

OBJECTIVE Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents report elevated risk for psychopathology. Identifying as a racial/ethnic minority and sexual minority (SM) or gender minority (GM) may lead to greater stress/discrimination and psychopathology. We examined nonsuicidal self-injury, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts (i.e., self-injurious thoughts and behaviors [SITBs]) and depressive symptoms

OBJECTIVE Cognitive models of social anxiety disorder propose that maladaptive safety behaviors (SBs; i.e., behaviors intended to avoid, prevent, or manage threat) play an important maintaining role in the disorder. Though targeting these behaviors for elimination is one component of contemporary cognitive-behavioral therapies for social anxiety, it has rarely been examined as a specific treatment

OBJECTIVE Independent trials have found that the dissonance-based Body Project eating disorder prevention program is efficacious and effective; the present trial provided the first test of whether delivery could be task-shifted from clinician-delivery to peer educator-delivery or Internet-delivery without loss of effectiveness through 4-year follow-up. METHOD Young women at high-risk for eating disorders

OBJECTIVES We used microlongitudinal methods to examine the prevalence and day-to-day correlates of intersectional experiences (IEs) in a U.S. sample of 131 Black sexual minorities. METHOD Participants were 97 gay/lesbian people (74.0%) and 34 bisexuals (26.0%); nearly a third of the sample also identified as queer (32.1%). Most participants identified solely as Black; however, 23 participants (17

OBJECTIVE Sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth (SGM-AFAB) are at increased risk for anxiety, depression, and substance use and problems compared with heterosexual cisgender women. Cross-sectional research has demonstrated that minority stressors are associated with anxiety, depression, and substance use. However, longitudinal research is limited and the examination of prospective

OBJECTIVE To test the effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for weight bias internalization (WBI; i.e., self-stigma) combined with behavioral weight loss (BWL). METHOD Adults with obesity and elevated WBI were randomly assigned to BWL alone or combined with the Weight Bias Internalization and Stigma Program (BWL + BIAS). Participants attended weekly group meetings for 12 weeks, followed by

OBJECTIVE Several studies have reported significant within-patient effects of the therapeutic alliance on outcome. However, it remains uncertain whether there are specific patient groups for whom an improved alliance might be particularly beneficial. The relational nature of the alliance makes patients' interpersonal problems a promising candidate for examining such differential effects. This study

OBJECTIVE Over the last 3 decades, group treatment researchers have become increasingly knowledgeable of the impact of within-group dependency on analyses of group treatment data and of mutual influence processes that occur within therapy groups. Despite these advancements, there remains a lack of consensus on the magnitude of mutual influence, or group effects, in group treatment research. As such

OBJECTIVE Therapist guided Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy (ICBT) is effective, but as in traditional CBT, not all patients improve, and clinicians generally fail to identify them early enough. We predict treatment failure in 12-week regular care ICBT for Depression, Panic disorder and Social anxiety disorder, using only patients' weekly symptom ratings to identify when the accuracy of

Machine learning (ML) is an increasingly popular approach/technique for analyzing "Big Data" and predicting risk behaviors and psychological problems. However, few published critiques of ML as an approach currently exist. We discuss some fundamental cautions and concerns with ML that are relevant when attempting to predict all clinical and forensic risk behaviors (risk to self, risk to others, risk

OBJECTIVE Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder of brain-gut interaction. Previous studies suggest that mindfulness could be therapeutic for IBS patients, however no study has evaluated the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy adapted for patients with IBS (MBCT-IBS). A 6-week MBCT-IBS course was designed to reduce symptoms and increase quality of life. This study aimed to

OBJECTIVE Although low-income couples experience greater relationship challenges, they have limited access to effective relationship interventions. Furthermore, most previous efforts to improve low-income couples' relationships have yielded very small effects (Hawkins & Erickson, 2015). In an effort to overcome these limitations, this study investigated the effectiveness of 2 web-based interventions

OBJECTIVE Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is a recommended treatment for posttraumatic stress (PTS) in youth, and a strong therapeutic alliance predicts reductions of PTS in TF-CBT. However, little is known of how therapists can build a strong alliance. This study seeks to understand which therapist behaviors are associated with the strength of alliance in TF-CBT. METHOD Participants

OBJECTIVE The present study is an extension and update of Olver, Nicholaichuk, Kingston, and Wong's (2014) prospective multisite examination of sexual violence risk and treatment change on a large federal Canadian sample of 570 treated sexual offenders rated pretreatment and posttreatment on the Violence Risk Scale-Sexual Offense version (VRS-SO). METHOD The present study featured the clinical application

OBJECTIVE Firearms are the most common method of suicide in the United States. The provision of firearm-specific lethal means safety interventions is a best practice for the prevention and management of suicide risk. However, few data exist to inform firearm-specific lethal means safety interventions. This study tested four different lethal means safety interventions that varied on two dimensions salient

Despite a longstanding and widespread influence of the diagnostic approach to mental ill health, there is an emerging and growing consensus that such psychiatric nosologies may no longer be fit for purpose in research and clinical practice. In their place, there is gathering support for a “transdiagnostic” approach that cuts across traditional diagnostic boundaries or, more radically, sets them aside

OBJECTIVE Psychopathology research has relied on discrete diagnoses, which neglects the unique manifestations of each individual's pathology. Borderline personality disorder combines interpersonal, affective, and behavioral regulation impairments making it particularly ill-suited to a "one size fits all" diagnosis. Clinical assessment and case formulation involve understanding and developing a personalized

BACKGROUND Loneliness is a transdiagnostic clinical phenomenon that can significantly impact mental health and well-being across the lifespan. OBJECTIVE The aim was to combine existing theory and evidence-based treatment approaches to propose a comprehensive transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral analysis of the maintenance of chronic loneliness relevant across disorders, age groups, and populations

OBJECTIVE To examine the preliminary effectiveness of a modular, transdiagnostic, behavioral/cognitive-behavioral intervention (MATCH) compared with standard manualized treatments (SMT) and usual care (UC) for treating youth with severe irritability. METHOD We analyzed data from an effectiveness trial in which treatment-referred youths (N = 174; Mage = 10.6 years; 70% boys) were randomized to receive

OBJECTIVE Repetitive negative thinking (RNT; e.g., worry and rumination) is common across emotional disorders, as is the tendency to generate negative interpretations (interpretation bias). Ameliorating negative interpretations via cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) reduces worry/rumination, and improves mood in people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or depression

OBJECTIVE Anxiety sensitivity (AS; fear of anxiety) is a malleable risk factor for anxiety and depression. Brief computerized interventions, including elements of psychoeducation, interoceptive exposure, and cognitive bias modification (CBM) can reduce anxiety and depression through AS reductions. These interventions are not equally efficacious for all who receive them, suggesting the need to explore

OBJECTIVE Multiple cognitive risks from different theoretical paradigms (dysfunctional attitudes, negative inferential style, self-criticism, dependency, brooding) predict depression, but may be transdiagnostic vulnerabilities for multiple psychopathologies. Risk factors can be identified as broadly transdiagnostic and relatively specific to psychopathological outcomes by organizing the common and

OBJECTIVE The sudden gain (SG; large symptom improvements in one between-session interval) has been identified as a consistent predictor of better outcomes at posttreatment and over follow-up in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression. Other defined trajectories of symptom change in CBT, including linear (consistent changes in depression), log-linear (symptom change concentrated in early