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How pledges reduce dishonesty: The role of involvement and identification Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Eyal Peer, Nina Mazar, Yuval Feldman, Dan Ariely
Authorities and managers often rely on individuals and businesses' self-reports and employ various forms of honesty declarations to ensure that those individuals and businesses do not over-claim payments, benefits, or other resources. While previous work has found that honesty pledges have the potential to decrease dishonesty, effects have been mixed. We argue that understanding and predicting when
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The influence of dominance and prestige on children's resource allocation: What if they coexist? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Xuran Zhang, Xia Zhang, Ranzhi Yang, Yanfang Li
The antagonistic relation between the two ways of reaching the top, i.e., dominance and prestige, has generally been accepted in recent decades. People perceive dominance as a “negative” trait that reduces the quantity of resources that should be allocated to individuals who exhibit such a trait. In contrast, prestige is viewed as a “positive” trait, that increases the appropriate amount of resources
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(Not) showing you feel good, can be bad: The consequences of breaking expressivity norms for positive emotions Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Kunalan Manokara, Alisa Balabanova, Mirna Đurić, Agneta H. Fischer, Disa A. Sauter
Are there optimal levels of showing one feels good? Examining four positive emotions (), we demonstrate in two pre-registered experiments ( = 901) that even for pleasant feelings, showing too much – or too little – can lead to negative social consequences. Expressers who downplay their gratitude, and to a lesser degree interest, are deprived of social contact and power. Restrained displays of feeling
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Communication increases collaborative corruption Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Mathilde H. Tønnesen, Christian T. Elbæk, Stefan Pfattheicher, Panagiotis Mitkidis
Despite being a pivotal aspect of human cooperation, only a few studies within the field of collaborative dishonesty have included communication between participants, and none have yet experimentally compared this to non-communicative contexts. As a result, the impact of communication on unethical collaborations remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted two well-powered studies ( = 1187),
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Effort-based decision making in joint action: Evidence of a sense of fairness Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Marcell Székely, Stephen Butterfill, John Michael
As humans, we are unique with respect to the flexibility and scope of our cooperative behavior. In recent years, considerable research has been devoted to investigating the psychological mechanisms which support this. One key finding is that people frequently calibrate their effort level to match a cooperation partner's effort costs - although little is known about exactly why they do so. We hypothesized
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The effect of irrelevant pairings on evaluative responses Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Tal Moran
Pairing a neutral object with a valenced stimulus often results in the former acquiring the valence of the latter (i.e., the Evaluative Conditioning [EC] effect). However, the pairing of an object with an affective stimulus is not always indicative of valence similarity. Three preregistered experiments (total = 1052) explored EC effects when people were explicitly informed that pairings do not reflect
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Dynamic indirect reciprocity: The influence of personal reputation and group reputation on cooperative behavior in nested social dilemmas Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Xiaoming Wang, Fancong Kong, Hongjin Zhu, Yinyan Chen
The indirect reciprocity theory suggested that the cues of reputational consequences determine the scope of indirect reciprocity and influence whether individuals decide to interact with others regardless of group identity. However, in more complex intergroup environments, there is no clear answer as to how indirect reciprocity guides intergroup cooperation. Based on this, the study used Intergroup
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Moral thin-slicing: Forming moral impressions from a brief glance Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Julian De Freitas, Alon Hafri
Despite the modern rarity with which people are visual witness to moral transgressions involving physical harm, such transgressions are more accessible than ever thanks to their availability on social media and in the news. On one hand, the literature suggests that people form fast moral impressions once they already know what has transpired (i.e., who did what to whom, and whether there was harm involved)
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Moral violations that target more valued victims elicit more anger, but not necessarily more disgust Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Lei Fan, Catherine Molho, Tom R. Kupfer, Joshua M. Tybur
The same moral violation can give rise to different emotional and behavioral responses in different individuals. The mechanisms that give rise to such differences – and the functions that those mechanisms serve – are unclear. Previous work suggests that people experience greater anger toward violations that target themselves or kin than those that target others, whereas they experience greater disgust
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Choosing not to get anchored: A choice mindset reduces the anchoring bias Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Krishna Savani, Monica Wadhwa
In negotiations, first offers serve as potent anchors. After receiving a first offer, although people clearly have a choice about what amount to counteroffer, they often fail to adjust away from the first offer. We identify a simple nudge, a reminder that people have a choice, that can reduce the anchoring bias. We argue that a choice nudge leads people to think of more potential counteroffers that
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Self-serving bias in moral character evaluations Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Andrew J. Vonasch, Bradley A. Tookey
Are people self-serving when moralizing personality traits? Past research has used cross sectional methods incapable of establishing causality, but the present research used experimental methods to test this. Indeed, two experiments ( = 669) show that people self-servingly inflate the moral value of randomly assigned personality traits they believe they possess, and even judge other people who share
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Nostalgia assuages spatial anxiety Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Alice Oliver, Tim Wildschut, Constantine Sedikides, Matthew O. Parker, Antony P. Wood, Edward S. Redhead
According to the regulatory model of nostalgia, the emotion is triggered by adverse psychological and physical experiences. Nostalgia, in turn, serves to counter those negative states. We extend this model to encompass spatial anxiety, that is, apprehension and disorientation during environmental navigation. In Experiment 1, we induced spatial anxiety by training participants to navigate a route in
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The effect of practice on automatic evaluation: A registered replication Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Anat Shechter, Mayan Navon, Yoav Bar-Anan
A basic idea in cognitive science is that practicing a response can lead to the automatic activation of the response. Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, and Kardes (1986) tested that idea on the automatic activation of attitudes. In the experiment that Fazio et al. conducted, participants (N = 18) repeatedly categorized eight nouns as good/bad and eight nouns (the control words) as having one syllable or
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Trait inferences from the “big two” produce gendered expectations of facial features Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Hayley A. Liebenow, Kathryn L. Boucher, Brittany S. Cassidy
Prescriptive stereotypes based on, respectively, agency and communality reflect how people expect men and women to behave. Deviating from such prescriptions limits opportunities for men and women in ways that reinforce traditional gender roles. In the current work, we examine whether people have expectations of gendered facial features based on agentic and communal descriptions of targets and if these
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Lower social class, better social skills? A registered report testing diverging predictions from the rank and cultural approaches to social class Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Holly R. Engstrom, Kristin Laurin
Are people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) better than those with higher SES at empathic accuracy, or recognizing others' thoughts and feelings? Two psychological approaches to the study of SES say they are, but emphasize different reasons. The rank approach argues that because individuals with lower SES experience low rank, they feel less in control and more threatened by others, so it is more
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The threat of powerlessness: Consequences for affect and (social) cognition Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Robin Willardt, Petra C. Schmid
Throughout history, powerlessness has been associated with phenomena such as heightened conspiracy beliefs and perceived ingroup homogeneity and commitment, as well as increased conviction about one's own opinions and worldview. The goals of the present research were to examine whether such links are causal and to gain an understanding of the underlying mechanism. We hypothesized that the experience
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Power can increase but also decrease cheating depending on what thoughts are validated Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Grigorios Lamprinakos, David Santos, Maria Stavraki, Pablo Briñol, Solon Magrizos, Richard E. Petty
Prior research has shown that power is associated with cheating. In the present research, we showcase that higher power can increase but also decrease cheating, depending on the thoughts validated by the feelings of power. In two experiments, participants were first asked to generate either positive or negative thoughts about cheating. Following this manipulation of thought direction, participants
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Hazardous machinery: The assignment of agency and blame to robots versus non-autonomous machines Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Rael J. Dawtry, Mitchell J. Callan
Autonomous robots increasingly perform functions that are potentially hazardous and could cause injury to people (e.g., autonomous driving). When this happens, questions will arise regarding responsibility, although autonomy complicates this issue – insofar as robots seem to control their own behaviour, where would blame be assigned? Across three experiments, we examined whether robots involved in
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From self to ingroup reclaiming of homophobic epithets: A replication and extension of Galinsky et al.'s (2013) model of reappropriation Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Mauro Bianchi, Andrea Carnaghi, Fabio Fasoli, Patrice Rusconi, Carlo Fantoni
Abstract not available
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Responsibility gaps and self-interest bias: People attribute moral responsibility to AI for their own but not others' transgressions Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Mengchen Dong, Bocian Konrad
In the last decade, the ambiguity and difficulty of responsibility attribution to AI and human stakeholders (i.e., responsibility gaps) has been increasingly relevant and discussed in extreme cases (e.g., autonomous weapons). On top of related philosophical debates, the current research provides empirical evidence on the importance of bridging responsibility gaps from a psychological and motivational
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What makes us “we”? The positivity bias in essentialist beliefs about group attributes Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-17 Kaiyuan Chen, Michael A. Hogg
Psychological essentialism refers to the tendency to view entities as having enduring properties that make them what they are (i.e., essences). Emerging research suggests people possess a positivity bias in essentialism (PBE), a preference to view positively (vs. negatively) evaluated attributes as the essences of an entity. Four experiments (total N = 1020) tested group attributes' association (ingroup
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Feeling known predicts relationship satisfaction Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-09 Juliana Schroeder, Ayelet Fishbach
Two forms of subjective relationship knowledge—the belief that one is known and knows one's partner—have separately been shown to positively predict relationship satisfaction, but which is more important for relational wellbeing? Seven studies show that believing one is known by their partner (i.e., “feeling known”) predicts relationship satisfaction more than believing that one knows their partner
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Conflict, cooperation, and institutional choice Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Shuxian Jin, Simon Columbus, Paul A.M. van Lange, Daniel Balliet
Social situations may vary in the severity of conflict between self-interest and collective welfare, and thereby pose collective action problems that might require different institutional solutions. The present study examines the effect of conflict of interests on beliefs, norms, cooperation, and choice of sanctioning institutions in social dilemmas across two experiments (total N = 1304). In each
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Facial first impressions following a prison sentence: Negative shift in trait ratings but the same underlying structure Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Coral M. Coutts, Christopher A. Longmore, Mila Mileva
The first impressions we form of unfamiliar others can often guide many important decisions such as whether someone is guilty of a crime or the severity of their sentence, even in the presence of more relevant information. While most of the current work in this context has focused on their impact during trial proceedings and sentencing, little is known about the potential impact of first impressions
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Are rules meant to be broken? When and why consistent rule-following undermines versus enhances trust Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Michael W. White, Emma E. Levine, Alexander C. Kristal
Although consistency has long been positioned as a cornerstone of trust, the present paper examines when and why consistent rule-following undermines versus enhances trust. Across six preregistered experiments (total N = 2649), we study trust in decision-makers (e.g., police officers, managers) who either consistently punish offenders according to codified rules (e.g., laws, policies) or who exercise
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Harnessing dehumanization theory, modern media, and an intervention tournament to reduce support for retributive war crimes Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Alexander P. Landry, Katrina Fincher, Nathaniel Barr, Nicholaus P. Brosowsky, John Protzko, Dan Ariely, Paul Seli
We demonstrate how psychological scientists can curate rich-yet-accessible media to intervene on conflict-escalating attitudes during the earliest stages of violent conflicts. Although wartime atrocities all-too-often ignite destructive cycles of tit-for-tat war crimes, powerful third parties can de-escalate the bloodshed. Therefore, following Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine, we aimed to reduce
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Effects of ancestral information on social connectedness and life meaning Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Tami Kim, Maura Austin, Luca Cian, Gabrielle Adams
With the rise of biotechnological tools such as ancestral information tests, individuals today are able to discover previously inaccessible information about themselves. Here, we explore how obtaining ancestral information—information about family history and lineage—affects people's sense of social connectedness and perceived meaning in their lives. In addition, we investigate how ancestral information
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The effect of wearing college apparel on Black men's perceived criminality and perceived risk of being racially profiled by police Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Gabriel Camacho
The current research examines whether a prejudice reduction strategy used by Black college students—signaling a college affiliation—mitigates the perceived risk that a Black man will be seen as a criminal and racially profiled by police. Across four studies, college students of color (study 1: N = 160; study 2: N = 203) and Black and White people (study 3A: N = 205; study 3B: N = 394) perceived a Black
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The position that awaits: Implications of expected future status for performance, helping, motivation, and well-being at work Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 Edward P. Lemay, Hyunsun Park, Jessica Fernandez, Jennifer C. Marr
Social status shapes many important aspects of people's experiences at work. Guided by research and theory on prospection, the authors tested the predictions that a) expectations of future status predict important outcomes at work independently of current status; and b) expectations of future status are based on current status and partially explain effects of current status. Eight studies using a combination
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Quantification of evaluations Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Jinseok S. Chun, Michael I. Norton
While some evaluation scales ask people to express their judgments of targets using labels on a scale (e.g., very good), some other scales quantify these labels (e.g., 7 = “very good”). Although the quantified and non-quantified scales may seem identical in terms of the evaluation content, we suggest that quantification in itself significantly influences people's evaluations of targets. We find that
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Palestinians and Israelis believe the other's God encourages intergroup benevolence: A case of positive intergroup meta-perceptions Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Crystal M. Shackleford, Michael H. Pasek, Allon Vishkin, Jeremy Ginges
How does religious belief influence intergroup conflict? Research addressing this question generally focuses on how individuals' own beliefs influence intergroup behavior. However, intergroup cooperation may also be influenced by second-order beliefs; in this case, perceptions about how outgroup members' religious beliefs influence their intergroup behavior. Indeed, across different domains, intergroup
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Summarized and sequential discrimination - A paradigm for research on the perception of multiple instances of discrimination Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Paul-Michael Heineck, Roland Deutsch
Despite a large body of knowledge about factors influencing perceptions of discrimination in single instances, little is known about the perception of discrimination based on multiple instances of discrimination. One reason for this lack of knowledge is that existing methods in discrimination perception research are not optimal for this subject. The present manuscript introduces the Summarized and
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Emotion tracking (vs. reporting) increases the persistence of positive (vs. negative) emotions Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Reihane Boghrati, Marissa A. Sharif, Siavash Yousefi, Arsalan Heydarian
There is an emerging use of devices and wearables for tracking a variety of daily behaviors such as sleep quality and calorie counts. While tracking such behavior has proven to be beneficial for physical health, less is known about the benefits of tracking mental health. This paper examines the impact of tracking daily emotions on emotional and subjective well-being. Two longitudinal studies (N = 1025)
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Algorithmic management diminishes status: An unintended consequence of using machines to perform social roles Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Arthur S. Jago, Roshni Raveendhran, Nathanael Fast, Jonathan Gratch
As artificial intelligence (AI) proliferates throughout society, it brings the potential to reshape how people perceive social roles and relationships. Across five preregistered studies, we investigated how AI-based algorithmic management influences perceptions and forecasts of social status. We found that people believe algorithmic management, compared to prototypical human management, leads to lower
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You versus we: How pronoun use shapes perceptions of receptiveness Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Mohamed A. Hussein, Zakary L. Tormala
In response to increasing societal divisions, an extensive literature has emerged examining the construct of receptiveness. This literature suggests that signaling receptiveness to others confers a variety of interpersonal benefits, such as increased persuasiveness. How do people signal their receptiveness to others? The current research investigates whether one of the most fundamental aspects of language—pronoun
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"It's not an overreaction": Increasing White people's acceptance of the reality of bias and receptivity to Black people's bias concerns Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Emily L. Dix, Patricia G. Devine
Many White people deny that racial bias is pervasive and suggest that Black people who confront bias are oversensitive. We propose that White people will be more likely to accept the reality of ongoing bias and become receptive to Black people's concerns about this bias if they: (1) understand the cumulative burden of racial bias and (2) recognize that White people's perspective on the frequency and
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US cisgender women's psychological responses to physical femininity threats: Increased anxiety, reduced self-esteem Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Natalie M. Wittlin, Marianne LaFrance, John F. Dovidio, Jennifer A. Richeson
Research has suggested that women, unlike men, do not experience increased anxiety in response to gender stereotypicality threats. That research, however, has not considered the domain of gender stereotypes in which women might be most invested: physical appearance. The present work examines US cisgender women's responses to (bogus) feedback about the femininity of their appearance, which allegedly
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This will not change us: Leader's use of continuity rhetoric to promote collective change Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-10-19 Lily Syfers, David E. Rast, Amber M. Gaffney
Although leaders are frequently tasked with initiating and implementing social and organizational change, facilitating widespread support for change initiatives is often challenging. One source of change resistance stems from perceptions that the change will fundamentally alter the authentic group identity. Leaders who are deemed legitimate representations of the group identity (i.e., group prototypical)
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No evidence that priming analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories: A Registered Report of high-powered direct replications of Study 2 and Study 4 from Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-10-17 Bojana Većkalov, Vukašin Gligorić, Marija B. Petrović
Analytic thinking is reliably associated with lower belief in conspiracy theories. However, evidence for whether increasing analytic thinking can reduce belief in conspiracies is sparse. As an exception to this, Swami et al. (2014) showed that priming analytical thinking through a verbal fluency task (i.e., scrambled sentence task) or a processing fluency manipulation (i.e., difficult-to-read fonts)
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The invisible hand as an intuitive sociological explanation Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Izabelė Jonušaitė, Tomer D. Ullman
An invisible-hand explanation explains a situation as the outcome of individual actions, without individuals intending the situation. Invisible-hand explanations have been used for decades to account for all kinds of phenomena, from segregation to traffic norms. But, they have not been studied cognitively and empirically as an intuitive explanation type. We propose and show that US-based adults intuitively
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Time perspective and helpfulness: Are communicators more persuasive in the past, present, or future tense? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-30 David Fang, Sam J. Maglio
When people share their experiences, they can communicate seemingly identical information from different time perspectives. Time perspective manifests in words—specifically, verbs in the past tense (e.g., “the experience was great”), the present tense (e.g., “the experience is great”), or the future tense (e.g., “the experience will be great”). This research considers whether this linguistic shift
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Construing hypotheticals: How hypotheticality affects level of abstraction Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Guy Grinfeld, Cheryl Wakslak, Yaacov Trope, Nira Liberman
Humans have developed a unique ability to think about hypothetical events (imagined, fictional, improbable events) and to distinguish them from real events (directly experienced, factual, certain events). We examined how people mentally construe events that are more and less hypothetical. In six pre-registered studies (N = 1605) participants completed the Behavioral Identification Form, in which they
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“Take action, buddy!”: Self–other differences in passive risk-taking for health and safety Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Haihong Li, Xiaofei Xie, Yawen Zou, Tianhong Wang
Not getting vaccinated or an annual physical examination are examples of passive risk-taking. The present research investigates whether people choose differently for themselves or for others in passive risk-taking for health and safety. The results of seven studies (N = 2304, including two preregistered studies) provided reliable evidence that, compared with personal decision-makers, advisors were
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The interpersonal costs of revealing others' secrets Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Einav Hart, Eric M. VanEpps, Daniel A. Yudkin, Maurice E. Schweitzer
People often keep relevant information secret from others. For example, an employee might keep a coworker's plan to quit without giving notice secret from their manager, or someone might keep a friend's affair secret from their friend's spouse. In this article, we identify a critical but overlooked factor that determines whether an actor will disclose secret information they know about another person:
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Attributional ambiguity reduces charitable giving by relaxing social norms Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Fiona tho Pesch, Jason Dana
A growing literature demonstrates reluctant giving: Many people who voluntarily give to charity no longer do so when they have an excuse not to give. The mechanisms of reluctance, however, remain unclear. Consistent with this literature, we found that injecting attributional ambiguity into a real charitable decision significantly reduces donations. Participants in our studies (N = 2147) faced a binary
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Biased, but expert: Trade-offs in how stigmatized versus non-stigmatized advocates are perceived and consequences for persuasion Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Laura E. Wallace, Maureen A. Craig, Duane T. Wegener
Stigmatized versus non-stigmatized people advocating on behalf of the stigmatized group are perceived as more biased, suggesting that they might be less effective advocates. Yet, research testing whether stigmatized or non-stigmatized advocates are more persuasive has yielded mixed results. The current work builds on previous research to clarify that this occurs because stigmatized advocates are also
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How race influences perceptions of objectivity and hiring preferences Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Brittany Torrez, Cydney H. Dupree, Michael W. Kraus
Objectivity norms can act as a source of mistrust of marginalized voices within organizations. In this paper, we study White evaluators' perceptions of Black applicants' objectivity and hireability in a field where objectivity is considered imperative: journalism. We predicted that Black journalists will be viewed as less objective and as having more ingroup bias regarding racial issues coverage compared
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Do reminders of God increase willingness to take risks? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Cindel J.M. White, Chloe M. Dean, Kristin Laurin
Many people, and American Christians in particular, view God as a benevolent protector. Those who believe in God may therefore expect that they can safely engage in potentially risky activities, secure in the knowledge that God will look out for their best interests and ensure good outcomes. Initial experiments supported this hypothesis, but recent attempts to replicate them failed. This unreliable
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He said, she said: Gender differences in the disclosure of positive and negative information Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Erin Carbone, George Loewenstein, Irene Scopelliti, Joachim Vosgerau
Research on gender differences in (self-)disclosure has produced mixed results, and, where differences have emerged, they may be an artifact of the measures employed. The present paper explores whether gender – defined as self-identified membership in one's sociocultural group – can indeed account for differences in the desire and propensity to divulge information to others. We additionally identify
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Independents, not partisans, are more likely to hold and express electoral preferences based in negativity Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Joseph J. Siev, Daniel R. Rovenpor, Richard E. Petty
The contemporary political domain is characterized by widespread negativity. Much of this negativity is thought to be generated by strong partisans, who overall express more anger, animosity, and bias than weaker partisans. The present research proposes, however, that self-categorized political independents hold preferences based more in negativity than partisans do, making them more likely to frame
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White women's automatic attentional adhesion to sexism in the face of racism Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-02 Kimberly E. Chaney, Diana T. Sanchez
Past research has demonstrated members of marginalized groups employ increased attentional bias to ingroup threats following situational exposure to ingroup prejudice (e.g., women's attention bias to sexism when anticipating sexism). Yet, prejudices towards similarly stigmatized groups are perceived to co-occur, such that racism imbues anticipated sexism for White women. The present research examined
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If negligence is intentionality’s cousin, recklessness is it’s sibling: Differentiating negligence and recklessness from accidents and intentional harm Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Cassandra Flick, Narina Nuñez, Sean M. Laurent
Previous research has examined lay conceptualizations of intentionality and negligence. This work has shown that intentionality is attributed when several key mental states are perceived as simultaneously present (i.e., knowledge, desire, awareness, and intent), suggesting an actor was trying to bring about an outcome by acting in a particular way. Following this, research has shown that attributions
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Taking the moral high ground: Deontological and absolutist moral dilemma judgments convey self-righteousness Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Alexa Weiss, Pascal Burgmer, Sarah C. Rom, Paul Conway
Individuals who reject sacrificial harm to maximize overall outcomes, consistent with deontological (vs. utilitarian) ethics, appear warmer, more moral, and more trustworthy. Yet, deontological judgments may not only convey emotional reactions, but also strict adherence to moral rules. We therefore hypothesized that people view deontologists as more morally absolutist and hence self-righteous—as perceiving
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Empirical test of a general process model of threat and defense: A systematic examination of the affective-motivational processes underlying proximal and distal reactions to threat Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Janine Stollberg, Johannes Klackl, Eva Jonas
The general process model of threat and defense (Jonas et al., 2014) states that a common affective-motivational mechanism underlies threat-related solution strategies and threat-unrelated palliative responses to solvable and unsolvable (i.e., existential) threats. In a series of three studies (Ntotal = 683), we systematically tested the assumption that threat induces anxiety proximally (that is, immediately
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Work engagement and burnout in anticipation of physically returning to work: The interactive effect of imminence of return and self-affirmation Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-08-27 Joel Brockner, Marius van Dijke
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, many employees have spent a considerable amount of time being forced to work from home (WFH). We draw on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and self-affirmation theory to study how the anticipation of returning to the physical workplace affects work engagement and burnout. We assumed that employees are conflicted about returning to work (RTW). Whereas they may look
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Recognizing and correcting positive bias: The salient victim effect Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-08-19 Emily M. Zitek, Laura M. Giurge, Isaac H. Smith
People seem to have stronger disapproving reactions when they have unfairly suffered from bias than when they have unfairly benefited from it (i.e., they seem less concerned when they have experienced positive bias). Is this because people do not care about the consequences of bias if it has positively affected them, or is it because they fail to notice positive bias? We argue that it is the latter
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Impressions of preparing and intentions to prepare for a hurricane in the United States Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Nikolette P. Lipsey, Joy E. Losee
When faced with the potential threat of an extreme weather event, such as a hurricane, people must make important decisions about how much, if it all, they will prepare for that event. Many factors may influence people's decisions to prepare or not prepare – including social factors. In three studies among predominately White, female, and affluent online samples (total N = 784), we tested whether social
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How people perceive dispositionally (non-) ambivalent others and why it matters Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Ruiqing Han, Travis Proulx, Frenk van Harreveld, Geoffrey Haddock
While research has studied the consequences of being ambivalent about a single attitude object, we know little about how dispositionally ambivalent and non-ambivalent targets are perceived. Across six experiments we examined how people perceive and mentally represent dispositionally ambivalent and non-ambivalent others, and how people expect to interact with dispositionally ambivalent and non-ambivalent
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Egocentric projection is a rational strategy for accurate emotion prediction Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.532) Pub Date : 2023-08-12 Zidong Zhao, Haran Sened, Diana I. Tamir
People need to accurately understand and predict others' emotions in order to build and maintain meaningful social connections. However, when they encounter new social partners, people often do not have enough information about them to make accurate inferences. Rather, they often resort to an egocentric heuristic, and make predictions about a target by using their own self-knowledge as a proxy. Is