Robust associations of self-control with successful goal pursuit have been amply demonstrated. Much less is known about the psychological processes that occur when people grapple with self-control conflicts and that may contribute to successful goal pursuit. Influenced by the neighboring fields of emotion regulation and coping, self-regulatory flexibility has been identified as one of such potential

In this article, we review and summarize key findings from a growing literature exploring how nudges can facilitate efforts to diversify organizations. Nudges are psychologically-informed interventions that change behavior without restricting choice or altering incentives. We focus on two types of nudges to enhance organizational diversity: (1) nudges that target organizational processes directly or

This paper focuses on recent advances in research on strategies that support self-control in everyday life. No one strategy or set of strategies appears to be effective at all times and in all situations. To understand effective self-control, we must expand our understanding of how strategies fit the situation and the person. To this end, we propose researching unexplored aspects of situations, how

How everyday self-control conflicts are resolved can have significant long-term personal and societal consequences, as readily illustrated by obesity, smoking, and unsustainable consumption. Here, we delineate connections between current self-control research and policymaking. We first discuss the achievements and shortcomings of the prevailing individual-level focus in self-control research. Next

This review explores the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)—a technology capable of autonomously creating new content, ideas, or solutions by learning from extensive data—on psychology. GenAI is changing research methodologies, diagnostics, and treatments by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing therapeutic interventions, and providing deeper insights into cognitive processes

Highly motivated individuals are healthier, more academically and professionally successful, and have stronger relationships. What sets these individuals apart? We propose that highly motivated individuals know when to balance versus prioritize goals. Specifically, they seek harmony between their multiple goals: they see these goals as advancing or complementing each other (e.g., balancing work and

Good self-control is highly valuable, but the processes that promote it are not fully understood. This review emphasizes that self-control is “inherently metacognitive” (p. 204, Duckworth et al., 2014) and describes the potential benefits of metacognitive knowledge for self-control. In line with research on metacognition in academic goal pursuit, we elaborate how three distinct types of metacognitive

Self-control is essential for outcomes in several life domains but is often seen as effortful. We discuss recent research indicating the possibility of self-control. First, we discuss how high levels of self-control are associated with quicker self-control conflict identification and resolution. Second, we describe two pathways that may lead to these associations: (1) How of behaviors plays a role

How people respond to desires varies substantially across time and situations. Building on recent theoretical developments, we propose that motivation plays a central role in the dynamics of self-control as it unfolds across time. We illustrate the role of motivation in self-control by highlighting evidence that pursuing goals for intrinsic (vs. extrinsic) reasons plays a key role in shaping and people

What do self-controlled individuals do that distinguishes them from those who are more impulsive? That is, why are some people better able to align their behavior with personal long-term goals despite alternatives that would be more immediately gratifying? To address this question, we use the Process Model of Self-Control [1], which posits that all impulses are generated via a four-stage, recursive

Underutilization of mental health services is a complex problem that requires the investigation of new strategies to facilitate treatment-seeking. Nudging is a relatively new approach which has shown promise in promoting healthy behaviors in a variety of domains, though little work has investigated how nudges may be applied to the initiation of mental health treatment. In this paper, we review the

As nudges—subtle changes to the way options are presented to guide choice—have gained popularity across policy domains in the past 15 years, healthcare systems and researchers have eagerly deployed these light-touch interventions to improve clinical decision-making. However, recent research has identified the limitations of nudges. Although nudges may modestly improve clinical decisions in some contexts

Suicide is a leading cause of death for young people globally. Professional organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend suicide screening for every young person at every healthcare contact and these guidelines are now being implemented across the US. To optimize deployment of these guidelines, we draw on insights from two parallel fields, implementation science – or the

Psychological interventions tend to be confrontational in nature. That is, when psychologists seek to bring about change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors, they often do so by directly confronting the presumed barrier to change. Confrontational approaches can be effective, but suffer from limitations to their efficacy, such as the possibility of arousing discomfort or defensiveness from the recipient

Episodic future thinking (EFT), the ability to imagine future autobiographical events, is both an everyday and clinically significant cognitive process. With a focus on depression and suicidality, here we discuss evidence connecting EFT with psychopathology. Emotional valence of imagined future events has emerged as the most widely established feature of EFT detected to date, with less positive EFT

Social norms promote cooperation in human groups. How are these norms and cooperation affected when groups change due to new members arriving and old members leaving? In this review we highlight the scant literature that researches the effects of group changes on social norms and cooperation. Thus far evidence suggests that newcomers cooperate less than incumbents but adjust their cooperation levels

Social norms and financial incentives are both known to shape the decisions people make about prosocial actions. This paper reviews the financial incentives in normative systems (FINS) model, which integrates theories of social norms from communication, social psychology, and behavioral economics to predict relationships among incentives, norms, and behaviors. It addresses how incentives can affect

Injunctive social norms are societal standards for how people are expected to behave. When individuals transgress these norms, they face social sanctions for their behavior. These sanctions can take many forms ranging from verbal or non-verbal reactions and from disapproval to ostracism. We review the stable characteristics and situational variables that affect a bystander's tendency to enact social

Trait self-control is highly valued, often equated with moral righteousness and associated with numerous positive life outcomes. This paper challenges the conventional conflation of trait self-control and state self-control. We suggest that while trait self-control is consistently linked to success, state self-control is not the causal mechanism driving these benefits. Trait self-control, sometimes

A popular topic in developmental science is self-regulation, an aspect of functioning viewed as contributing to optimal development. Of particular theoretical importance is top-down (frontal cortically based) self-regulation (TDSR). This article briefly reviews recent research on TDSR's relation to four areas of development: maladjustment, social competence, prosocial development, and academic development

Internet users are inundated with attempts to persuade, including digital nudges like defaults, friction, and reinforcement. When these nudges fail to be transparent, optional, and beneficial, they can become ‘dark patterns’, categorised here under the acronym FORCES (Frame, Obstruct, Ruse, Compel, Entangle, Seduce). Elsewhere, psychological principles like negativity bias, the curiosity gap, and fluency

The peak-end rule, a memory heuristic in which the most emotionally salient part of an experience (i.e., peak) and conclusion of an experience (i.e., end) are weighted more heavily in summary evaluations, has been understudied in mental health contexts. The recent growth of intensive longitudinal methods has provided new opportunities for examining the peak-end rule in the retrospective recall of mental

By blurring the boundaries between digital and physical realities, Augmented Reality (AR) is transforming consumers' perceptions of themselves and their environments. This review demonstrates AR's capacity to influence psychology and behavior in profound ways. We begin by providing a concise introduction to AR, considering its technical, practical, and theoretical properties. Next, we showcase a multi-disciplinary

This article synthesizes recent research connected to how cultural identity can determine responses to artificial intelligence. National differences in AI adoption imply that culturally-driven psychological differences may offer a nuanced understanding and interventions. Our review suggests that cultural identity shapes how individuals include AI in constructing the self in relation to others and determines

There is considerable enthusiasm for the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve financial well-being. Despite this enthusiasm, it is important to underscore AI's potential adverse effects on consumers' financial decisions. We introduce the AI-IMPACT model, a unifying theoretical framework for how AI can influence consumers' financial decisions. The model details how AI impacts the marketplace

As the popularity and adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems continue to rise, this article presents a promising proposition: the use of AI dialects to enhance AI perception. By delving into the potential of personalized AI dialects to augment user perceptions of warmth, competence, and authenticity, the article underscores the pivotal role of anthropomorphism in fortifying trust, satisfaction

Inspired by significant technical advancements, a rapidly growing stream of research explores human lay beliefs and reactions surrounding AI tools, which employ algorithms to mimic elements of human intelligence. This literature predominantly documents negative reactions to these tools or the underlying algorithms, often referred to as algorithm aversion or, alternatively, a preference for humans.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into human teams, forming human-AI teams (HATs), is a rapidly evolving field. This overview examines the complexities of team constellations and dynamics, trust in AI teammates, and shared cognition within HATs. Adding an AI teammate often reduces coordination, communication, and trust. Further, trust in AI tends to decline over time due to initial overestimation

Chatbots, a type of virtual AI entity designed to emulate human conversation, are gaining prominence in business and consumer domains. This research aims to consolidate extant literature focusing on a pivotal aspect: the human-likeness of chatbots. Employing three fundamental themes as organizational pillars – chatbot as a non-human entity, chatbot as a human-like entity, and chatbot as an ambiguous

Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have transformed numerous facets of our lives. In this article, we summarize key themes in emerging AI research in behavioral science. In doing so, we aim to unravel the multifaceted impacts of AI on people's emotions, cognition, and behaviors, offering nuanced insights into this rapidly evolving landscape. This article concludes with

Understanding human-artificial intelligence (AI) interactions is a growing academic interest. This article conceptualizes AI as a persuasion agent and reviews the recent literature on AI through the lens of persuasion knowledge. It presents research on AI acceptance and aversion in terms of the properties of the AI itself (e.g., anthropomorphism, functionality, and usability), the properties of individuals

This review presents a framework for understanding how consumers respond to artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies, such as robots, algorithms, or chatbots. Drawing on a systematic review of the literature (N = 111), we describe how AI technologies influence a variety of consumer-relevant outcomes, including consumer satisfaction and the propensity to rely on AI. We also highlight the

This article briefly summarizes trust as a multi-dimensional construct, and trust in AI as a unique but related construct. It argues that because trust in AI is couched within an economic landscape, these two frameworks should be combined to understand the dynamics of trust in AI as it is currently implemented. The review focuses on healthcare and law enforcement as two industries that have adopted

Race is directly or indirectly incorporated into many AI systems. These systems, which automate typically human tasks, are used across various domains such as predictive policing, disease detection, government resource allocation, and loan approvals. However, these tools have been criticized for handling race insensitively or inaccurately. Despite the prevalent use of race in these AI systems, it is

Contemporary, multidisciplinary research sheds light on data privacy implications of artificial intelligence (AI). This review adopts an AI ecosystem perspective and proposes a process-outcome continuum to classify AI technologies; this perspective helps to understand the nuances of AI relative to psychological aspects of privacy decision-making. Specifically, different types of AI affect traditionally

Historically, the use of technology in organizations has reshaped the nature of human work. In this article, we overview how current waves of artificially intelligent (AI) technologies are following this trend, showing how its uses can both automate and complement human labor, alongside creating new forms of human work. However, AI can also generate both upsides and downsides for workers' experiences

Facial inference, a cornerstone of person perception, has traditionally been studied through human judgments about personality traits and abilities based on people's faces. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have introduced new dimensions to this field, employing machine learning algorithms to reveal people's character, capabilities, and social outcomes based just on their faces. This

Machine Learning (ML) affords researchers tools to advance beyond research methods commonly employed in psychology, business, and public policy studies of federal nutrition programs and participant food decision-making. It is a sub domain of AI that is applied for feature extraction – a crucial step in decision making. These features are used in context-specific automated decisions resulting in predictive

In this piece, we propose that entertainment media is an understudied of misinformation and relationship science is an understudied of misinformation. We discuss two ways that relationship misinformation can appear in entertainment media – in the form of blatant claims and subtle content – and we provide an example of each from reality and entertainment television. We also propose an agenda for studying

In this work, we propose that humor violates norms that can build consensus or escalate conflict in negotiations. Drawing on social identity theory, we propose that humor commits norm violations that are more likely to be perceived as benign among ingroup observers in negotiations, but perceived as offensive to outgroup observers in negotiations. We introduce the Comedy, Consensus, and Conflict Framework

Misinformation undermines trust in the integrity of democratic elections, the safety of vaccines, and the authenticity of footage from war zones. Social scientists have proposed many solutions to reduce individuals' demand for fake news, but it is unclear how to evaluate them. Efficacy can mean that an intervention increases (the ability to distinguish true from false content), works over a delay,

Across the lifespan, goals change in response to developmental changes in opportunities and demands, but they also bring about developmental changes regarding the acquisition of skills and resources. Generally, developing (selection), pursuing (optimization), and maintaining goals in the face of losses (compensation) contributes to successful development across the lifespan and to healthy aging in

In psychology, authors have shined a light on a lack of ethnic/racial and cultural diversity in sampling and scholarship. These issues pertain also to the study of aging and lifespan development. This article presents examples of how diverse sampling, across ethnic/racial groups and cultures, enriches theories of aging and adult development. There remain, however, numerous theoretical insights that

Loneliness in late adulthood is a public health issue. Thus, understanding the etiology of loneliness is of critical importance. Here, we conceptualize the development of loneliness in late life as dynamic interactions between individual and contextual processes. Specifically, we suggest that loneliness arises if the existing social relationships are unable to meet a set of social expectations. These

Abstract not available

Successful leaders often use humor to motivate, inspire, and lead. Yet, recent research suggests that the use of humor is risky for leaders. Our review suggests that humor must be morally offensive to people for it to be perceived as funny. This inherent tension between humor and morality implies that the use of humor can sometimes act as a signal of acceptable moral standards in organizations, where

Scholars have rapidly produced a robust body of literature addressing the public's beliefs in, and interactions with “misinformation.” Despite the literature's stated concerns about the underlying truth value of the information and beliefs in question, the field has thus far operated without a reliable epistemology for determining the truth of the information and beliefs in question, often leaving

People have a more-nuanced view of misinformation than the binary distinction between “fake news” and “real news” implies. We distinguish between the truth of a statement's (i.e., the specific, literal information) and its (i.e., the general, overarching meaning), and suggest that people tolerate and intentionally spread misinformation in part because they believe its gist. That is, even when they

The spread of misinformation threatens democratic societies, hampering informed decision-making. Partisan identity biases perceptions of reality, promoting false beliefs. The Identity-based Model of Political Belief explains how social identity shapes information processing and contributes to misinformation. According to this model, social identity goals can override accuracy goals, leading to belief

This paper reviews the existing literature on user correction to consider its value for combating misinformation on social media. We discuss the effectiveness of user correction in reducing misperceptions, and synthesize best practices, highlighting the dual audiences for public correction on social media. We outline how often user correction occurs across contexts, countries, and social media platforms

Many interventions aim to protect people from misinformation. Here, we review common measures used to assess their efficacy. Some measures only assess the target behavior (e.g., ability to spot misinformation) and therefore cannot determine whether interventions have overly general effects (e.g., erroneously identifying accurate information as misinformation). Better measures assess discernment, the

A growing body of research suggests that prosocial behavior increases across adulthood. Yet, whether these age differences reflect “pure altruistic” or selfish motives, or the developmental mechanisms that underlie them, are largely unknown. Within a value-based decision framework, pure altruistic tendencies can be measured and distinguished from impure altruistic motives through neural-level information

Our understanding of human neurocognitive aging, its developmental roots, and life course influences has been transformed by brain imaging technologies, increasing availability of longitudinal data sets, and analytic advances. The is a life course model, proposed originally in 2009, featuring adaptivity and compensatory potential as lifelong mechanisms for meeting neurocognitive challenges posed by

Misinformation can negatively affect cognition, beliefs, and behavior, and thus contribute to societal disruption. Correcting misinformation can counteract these effects by updating memory and beliefs. In this selective review, we highlight recent perspectives on and evidence for the role of memory in the efficacy of correction methods. Two theoretical accounts propose that repeating misinformation