ABSTRACT Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is effective at treating disorders of emotion dysregulation. However, it is unclear which mechanisms contribute to these effects. The aim of this study was to characterize the within-person associations of two theoretically relevant mechanisims of change, skill use and skill effectiveness, with anxiety, stress, and depression. Participants (n = 19, Mage = 31

ABSTRACT Both therapeutic alliance and group cohesion have been identified as “demonstrably effective” relationship elements in therapy. However, the overwhelming majority of process-outcome research has relied on clients as raters of the therapeutic relationship. A lack of convergence between client, therapist, and observer perspectives has raised questions regarding how best to measure relationships

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in dramatic changes to sleep patterns and higher prevalence of insomnia, which threaten overall mental and physical health. We examined whether safety behaviors in response to COVID-19, worry in response to COVID-19, and depression predicted insomnia, with age, race, and sex as covariates. A community sample from the United States (n = 321, Mage = 40.02,

ABSTRACT The direct threat posed by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), uncertainty surrounding best safety practices, and secondary consequences of the virus have led to widespread stress and declining mental health across communities and individuals. These stresses may impact parenting behaviors, potentially leading to negative consequences for children. Controlling parenting behaviors increase

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique stressors (e.g. social isolation) that may increase substance use risk among young adults with a history of emotional disturbance. This study examined whether emotional disorder symptoms and transdiagnostic vulnerabilities during adolescence predicted young adult substance use during COVID-19, and whether using substances to cope with the pandemic’s social

ABSTRACT Preliminary data suggest that cigarette smokers could have an increased mortality risk from the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and that certain factors (e.g., increased age, medical comorbidities) can also increase risk of poor coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outcomes. Between April 30th, 2020 and May 28th, 2020, we evaluated self-reported changes in recent smoking patterns and motivation

ABSTRACT The present investigation evaluated the preliminary impact of COVID-19 exposure on first responder mental health. Data were collected between June and August 2020. The sample was comprised of 189 first responders (M age = 47.58, SD = 10.93; 21% female), recruited nationally, who completed an online survey. Results indicated that COVID-19-exposed first responders were more likely to be emergency

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented consequences. Transdiagnostic factors, such as anxiety sensitivity, could be an important component to understand how individuals experience COVID-19 specific fear, depression and anxiety. A US representative sample (5,023) completed measures including the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic is positioned to exact a substantial mental health toll on the global population. Heightened fears of viral contamination and fears of the negative consequences of social distancing (e.g., fears related to home confinement, fears of loneliness and isolation) might contribute to the distress caused by the pandemic. Cross-sectional data were collected from undergraduates

ABSTRACT Excessive fear and worry in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., COVID stress syndrome) is prevalent and associated with various adverse outcomes. Research from the current and past pandemics supports the association between transdiagnostic constructs—anxiety sensitivity (AS), disgust, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU)—and pandemic-related distress. Recent research suggests a moderating

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on anxiety and depression symptoms and disorders in the United States and worldwide. As such, there is considerable interest in better understanding the relationship between COVID-19 and anxiety and depressive disorders. Although individual differences in perceived stress have shown to be related to anxiety and depression in non-COVID-19 work

ABSTRACT The 2019 novel SARS-CoV2 disease causing COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the world, and those with pain conditions may be at heightened risk for these negative consequences. Given COVID-19 limitations, including social distancing and stay-at-home orders, pain is likely largely going untreated, leading to greater pain and associated consequences. Mental health symptoms, which have

ABSTRACT Police officers, and specifically women officers, report elevated mental disorder rates relative to the general population, which may be impacted by sleep quality, policing-related stress, and social support. In a sample of Canadian police officers, sex was indirectly related to post traumatic stress, depression, generalized anxiety, panic, and social anxiety symptoms through its relationships

ABSTRACTSBEH_A_1877341 Hope is a cognitive trait that predicts both resilience to and recovery from anxiety and stress-related disorders. The present study examines the prospective associations of hope with subsequent anxiety, stress, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived emotional control, a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor, was also examined as a potential mediator of these relationships

ABSTRACT Depression is associated with unemployment and poor occupational functioning. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms, the degree to which it improves occupational outcomes has received little attention. We investigated change in job status and presenteeism (i.e., the inability to focus on and accomplish work) over the course of CBT. We assessed

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to thousands of hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. Although alcohol use has increased in response to the pandemic, no known studies have identified transdiagnostic risk factors for greater drinking in response to COVID-related distress. Individuals with more difficulty with emotion regulation may drink more during the pandemic

ABSTRACTSBEH_A_1877341 Hope is a cognitive trait that predicts both resilience to and recovery from anxiety and stress-related disorders. The present study examines the prospective associations of hope with subsequent anxiety, stress, and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived emotional control, a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor, was also examined as a potential mediator of these relationships

ABSTRACT Depression is associated with unemployment and poor occupational functioning. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms, the degree to which it improves occupational outcomes has received little attention. We investigated change in job status and presenteeism (i.e., the inability to focus on and accomplish work) over the course of CBT. We assessed

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to thousands of hospitalizations and deaths worldwide. Although alcohol use has increased in response to the pandemic, no known studies have identified transdiagnostic risk factors for greater drinking in response to COVID-related distress. Individuals with more difficulty with emotion regulation may drink more during the pandemic

ABSTRACT Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for severe disease and death from respiratory infection. Initial data suggest that smoking is a risk factor for COVID-19 symptom severity. Exposure to increased pandemic-related stress and subsequent worry about COVID-19 may amplify the desire to smoke to down-regulate distress. The present investigation sought to test this conceptual model by evaluating

ABSTRACT Clinicians often omit or underuse several techniques while delivering therapy. These omissions can be due to unconscious factors (e.g., clinician’s anxiety), or due to clinicians’ deliberate decisions (e.g., modifying therapy believing that such modifications are on the patients’ best interests). However, little is known about whether patients consider these modifications necessary. The main

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often focus on emotionally significant aspects of individuals’ lives (e.g., values and beliefs). The current study sought to expand our understanding of OC symptoms related to sexual orientation (SO-OC symptoms) by investigating the roles of homophobia (i.e., negative attitudes, affect, and behaviors

(2021). Correction. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 88-88.

ABSTRACT Evidence of the psychological distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including depression, anxiety, and health anxiety, has been documented globally. College students are a unique sub-set of the population with consistently elevated psychological distress associated with the pandemic, and well-informed intervention is urgently needed. The current study is the first, to our knowledge

ABSTRACT Previous research indicates mixed results for guided support with online interventions. The current secondary analysis evaluated the effects of phone coaching from a dismantling trial of online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in a sample of 136 distressed college students randomized to one of three versions of an ACT website. Participants were randomized to receive email prompts alone

ABSTRACT With growing evidence for the potential value of personal practices (PPs) in therapist training, it is important to determine which PPs may be most valuable for which therapists under what conditions. This is the first study to compare the impact of two different PPs selected by accredited therapy training programs as the most appropriate PP for their trainees. Using the same validated outcome

ABSTRACT Suicide is a leading cause of death among college students. Although previous work indicates that the (hazardous) use of alcohol contributes to suicidal ideation/risk, little work has examined potential underlying explanatory factors. One example is anxiety sensitivity (AS). The current study evaluated whether AS explains associations between hazardous drinking and suicidal ideation and risk

(2021). Correction. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 88-88.

ABSTRACT The primary method of training for individual licensed mental health professionals is continuing education (CE). Despite the promise of CE as a vehicle for training clinicians in evidence-based practices, only a handful of studies have examined the efficacy of trainings delivered in the CE context. Moreover, these studies have focused on a few very specific therapeutic approaches. There is

ABSTRACT By 2025, 34 million people worldwide will be living with Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia (i.e., neurocognitive disorders). Symptoms of neurocognitive disorders have functional repercussions on daily activities. People with neurocognitive disorders often rely on a caregiver to alleviate the impact of their symptoms, but this help has consequences for the caregiver. Indeed, caregivers

ABSTRACT Historically, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been evaluated in randomized-controlled trials as a 12–16 session treatment and has demonstrated response rates ranging from 58% to 75%. Despite these promising results, some patients do not improve substantially after this short course of CBT. It is unclear whether non-responding patients would make substantial

ABSTRACT Although considerable research has highlighted the importance of cognitive and metacognitive beliefs in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there has been limited investigation of these beliefs in pediatric OCD. The present study investigated the clinical correlates of cognitive and metacognitive beliefs in pediatric OCD. Previous studies found positive relations between OCD symptoms

ABSTRACT Substance use disorders (SUD) commonly co-occur with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and the comorbidity is prevalent and difficult-to-treat. Few studies have objectively analyzed language use in psychotherapy as a predictor of treatment outcomes. We conducted a secondary analysis of patient language use during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT High distress intolerance (DI: often assessed as anxiety sensitivity) and low working memory capacity (WMC) have each been identified as risk factors for negative health behaviors. To our knowledge, these risk factors have only been studied independently. The current study investigated both the independent and interactive effects of DI and WMC in predicting health-related goal attainment in

ABSTRACT Emotion dysregulation and the experience of fatigue have both been linked to the maintenance of substance use. However, limited empirical data has evaluated individual differences in these constructs in terms of e-cigarette use expectancies. The present study examined a theoretically relevant model focused on whether the experience of more severe fatigue explains, in part, the relation between

ABSTRACT Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective psychological treatment for anxiety-related disorders (anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder). However, relapse of anxiety symptoms is common following completion of treatment. This study aimed to identify predictors of relapse of anxiety after CBT for adult (18+) patients to enable the identification

ABSTRACT Virtual Reality (VR) can be used as a therapeutic tool to conduct efficacious in-session exposure therapy by presenting virtual equivalents of phobic stimuli, yet past hardware restrictions hindered implementation in routine care and effectiveness studies. The current study examines the effectiveness of a VR-assisted treatment protocol for public speaking anxiety with demonstrated efficacy

ABSTRACT Contemporary models of smoking and pain suggest a reciprocal and self-perpetuating cycle, wherein smoking reduces pain in the short term but indirectly exacerbates pain in the long term. In a sample of participants engaged in an active smoking-cessation attempt, this investigation assessed a) whether specific smoking risk factors (i.e., smoking expectancies for pain reduction, pain-related

ABSTRACT Perfectionistic cognitions are thinking patterns that reflect excessive striving and are associated with emotional disorders in nonclinical samples. Despite literature connecting trait perfectionism with psychological disorders, much remains unknown about how perfectionistic cognitions relate to anxiety disorder symptoms in clinical populations. This is the first study to our knowledge that

ABSTRACT The construct of perfectionism has been argued to consist of two factors, perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings. Though perfectionistic concerns are consistently associated with adverse outcomes, the evidence for perfectionistic strivings is mixed. Item cross-loadings of the two-factor model of perfectionism raise questions about whether the two factors assess both common

ABSTRACT The present study examined the underlying role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of clinically anxious children. It was hypothesized that effortful control would exert an indirect effect through anxiety sensitivity in relation to child anxiety and depressive symptoms. Clinically anxious children (N= 105; M age = 10

ABSTRACT Initial research on electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use suggests differences exist in levels of use, beliefs, and cessation difficulties among users. However, little research has explored how these factors interact to confer worse e-cigarette outcomes. The current study examined the association between positive expectancies of e-cigarette use and e-cigarette processes among 544 (51.1% female;

ABSTRACT Previous studies examining the dose-response curve in psychotherapy have suggested that 11–19 sessions may be necessary for at least 50% of individuals to show clinically significant improvement. However, this curve has not been examined specifically for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders, for which a more rapid recovery curve may be expected. Survival analysis was used

ABSTRACT Arabic-speaking immigrants and refugees constitute one of the largest immigrant groups in Sweden. Previous research on Arabic-speaking immigrants indicates elevated levels of psychological disorders, including depression and anxiety. The aim of the present pilot study was to examine the efficacy of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment (ICBT) in an Arabic-speaking immigrant

ABSTRACT Retrieving positive autobiographical memories effectively repairs mood in healthy individuals. This is not the case in individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) possibly due to lower levels of positive emotions elicited by the positive memories. We examined whether the intensity of emotions experienced from recalling the happiest, saddest, and most anxious autobiographical memories

ABSTRACT Effective interventions for generalized anxiety exist, but barriers to treatment prevent their broad dissemination. Commercially available self-help materials may help bridge this gap, but few have been empirically evaluated. This study compared self-reported change in generalized anxiety symptomology and associated problems between community members with excessive worry who were randomly

ABSTRACT Alcohol use is associated with poorer smoking cessation-related outcomes, and smokers with elevated levels of worry experience greater smoking cessation problems. Yet, little is known about the explanatory mechanisms that may underlie the relationship between trait worry and hazardous drinking among smokers. Therefore, this study explored the explanatory roles of coping and conformity drinking

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to replicate the finding that younger age predicts higher pre quit-day attrition. Our second aim was to explain this relation by examining empirically and theoretically informed age-related risk factors for low smoking cessation treatment engagement. 136 participants (M age = 44.2 years, SD = 11.3 years; age = 22–64 years) were randomized to 15-weeks of either 1) an

ABSTRACT Tobacco addiction and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS; intrusive thoughts or impulses that cause distress and rituals) are both mediated by compulsivity and negative reinforcement. Little evidence exists to guide theory, research, treatment, and population-based prevention of this co-occurrence. We propose a conceptual model of OCS-smoking co-occurrence in which smokers with elevated OCS

ABSTRACT Clinical supervision is a cornerstone in psychotherapists’ training but there are few empirical evaluations on the effects of supervision on therapists’ competencies. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of standardized supervision on rater-assessed competency in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT). Six therapists with basic training in CBT were provided with protocol-based

ABSTRACT Measuring therapists’ adherence to treatment manuals is recommended for evaluating treatment integrity, yet ways to do this are poorly defined, time consuming, and costly. The aims of the study were to develop a Therapy Component Checklist (TCC) to measure adherence to manualised CBT; to test its application in research and clinical practice; to determine its validity; and consider its cost

ABSTRACT There is no comprehensive meta-analysis of randomised trials examining the effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and no systematic review at all of the effects of EMDR on other mental health problems. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 76 trials. Most trials examined the effects on PTSD (62%). The effect

ABSTRACT Direct-to-consumer marketing initiatives may improve utilization of evidence-based therapy. An important decision in such marketing efforts is how to effectively present scientific evidence supporting these treatments to potential consumers (if at all). This OSF preregistered study experimentally tested whether the language used to describe research evidence supporting cognitive behavioral

ABSTRACT Despite the negative health consequences associated with smoking, most smokers find it difficult to quit. This is especially true for smokers with elevated social anxiety. One factor that may play a role in maintaining smoking with elevated anxiety is false safety behavior (FSB), behaviors geared toward decreasing anxiety short-term but that maintain or increase anxiety long-term. The present

To date, only few studies have attempted to investigate non-ignorable dropout during Internet-based interventions by applying an NMAR model, which includes missing data indicators in its equations. Here, the Muthen-Roy model was used to investigate change and dropout patterns in a sample of patients with mild-to-moderate depression symptoms (N = 483) who were randomized to a 12-week Internet-based

ABSTRACT Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can effectively treat common mental disorders (CMDs), but access to treatment is insufficient. Guided self-help (GSH) CBT has shown effects comparable to face-to-face CBT and may be a resource-efficient treatment alternative. However, not all patients respond to GSH. Learning more about predictors of outcome may increase knowledge regarding which patients

ABSTRACT Alcohol misuse is a common, disabling and costly issue worldwide. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has the potential to reduce the harms of alcohol misuse, particularly for individuals who are unable or unwilling to access face-to-face therapy. A systematic review was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases for all relevant articles published from

ABSTRACT The Practitioner Online Referral and Treatment Service (PORTS) is a new digital mental health service (DMHS) providing assessment, treatment, and consultation across Western Australia, for adults with anxiety, depression, or substance use problems, and experiencing financial hardship or geographical disadvantage. From July 2017 to December 2018, a total of 2,527 individuals were referred to

ABSTRACT Designing new approaches to delivering cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) requires an understanding of the key components. This study aimed to establish an expert consensus on the effective components of CBT for depressed adults. An international panel of 120 CBT experts was invited to participate in a modified Delphi study. Thirty-two experts participated in round 1; 21 also provided data

ABSTRACT Exercise is an efficacious intervention for mental and physical health, but few studies have identified the additive benefits of exercise prescriptions for those undergoing empirically supported psychosocial treatment. Behavioral activation (BA) involves completing activities to improve mood, an ideal format for exercise augmentation. The purpose of this study was to examine the credibility