Multi-national and meta-analytic studies suggest that the pathways between religiousness and sexism/sexual prejudice are partially mediated by sociopersonality factors such as conservatism. In this article, we describe the contributing factors to this relationship, such as authoritarianism and fundamentalism. These factors interact at the dynamic nexus of individual and social development. As such

In this article, we review the psychology of religion and radicalization. In doing so, we note that both macro-level approaches (that study structural conditions in society) and micro-level approaches (that focus on psychological coping and personal appraisal of individual conditions) fail to adequately explain radical behavior of members of extreme religious groups. Instead, we propose that meso-level

We review research on personality/religiousness associations, integrating earlier meta-analyses with recent large-sample online studies. We find that general religiousness shows small positive associations with broad personality factors (e.g. HEXACO Honesty-Humility, Big Five Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and somewhat stronger positive associations with narrower personality traits involving prosocial

This review summarises research on the relationship between death anxiety and religiosity. The fear of death is commonly hypothesized as a motivation for religious belief. From a Terror Management Theory perspective, religious beliefs are especially attractive because they offer both literal and symbolic immortality in the form of afterlife beliefs and belonging in venerable systems of value respectively

What explains the ubiquity and diversity of religions around the world? Widespread cognitive tendencies, including mentalizing and intuitive thinking, offer part of the explanation for recurrent features of religion, and individual differences in religious commitments. However, vast diversity in religious beliefs points to the importance of the cultural context in which religious beliefs are transmitted

We ask if and when religious individuals self-enhance more than non-believers. First, religious individuals self-enhance on domains central to their self-concept. Specifically, they exhibit the Better-Than-Average Effect: They rate themselves as superior on attributes painting them as good Christians (e.g. traits like 'loving' or 'forgiving,' Biblical commandments) than on control attributes. Likewise

Religion is a product of evolutionary and biological processes. Thus, understanding why some people are religious and how it impacts their everyday lives requires an integrated perspective. This review presents a theoretical framework incorporating recent findings on religious influences on the behavioral expression of genetic and psychological predispositions. We propose that religion may facilitate

Within the domains of both science and religion, beliefs in unobservable phenomena - such as bacteria or the soul - are common. Yet given the radically different trajectory of scientific as compared to religious beliefs across human history, it is plausible that the psychological basis for beliefs in these two domains is also different. Indeed, there is evidence from children and adults in various

Many religions emphasize the importance of sexual morality. This article argues mating strategies are central to understanding religion. I highlight the reproductive-religiosity model, which suggests that religious behavior is partly motivated by preferences for restricted mating strategies. I then discuss how religion can lead to reproductive benefits. Specifically, religions can make parenting a

Humans have a natural tendency to explain events as caused by metaphysical or supernatural beings and forces. Much of the research in the psychology of religion over the past few years has focused on explanations and experiences involving a person-like God, whether God is authoritarian and/or benevolent, and the extent to which people think of God as being involved in human affairs. Yet many theists

Emotions play a central role in the religious experience. This suggests that religious institutions, practices, and beliefs may actively shape the emotions of adherents, such as by influencing how they regulate emotions. An emerging literature has documented the various links between religion and emotion regulation. This article reviews these links with regards to various elements of emotion regulation

Religions' food practices can illustrate a lot about religions, and can raise new research questions. I will give examples of ways in which religious food practices are reflections of broader religious ideals. Foods contain essences and are religiously symbolic; foods are a window into how people understand the necessity to obey God; food practices relate to health outcomes; and food practices reflect

Attachment to possessions has been observed in the archaeological record, and is noted across historical ages, cultures, and developmental stages. It reflects a normative process that may serve a number of functions. We suggest that object attachment may be intricately linked with emotion regulation. The present review details the normative and likely evolved function that object attachment can serve

Buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is considered a behavioral addiction that is characterized by poorly controlled spending of money for consumer goods in unnecessary quantities, beyond budget and without necessarily utilizing them for their intended purposes. Little is known about the role of emotional attachment to the purchased products in BSD. Given the relative lack of empirical data on object attachment

This article presents a conceptual perspective of the pathways through which object attachment can affect individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for an object. To introduce this perspective, we first provide an integrative overview of WTP as a comparative valuation that is constructed based on individual factors and comparative factors. We outline four general pathways through which these factors can

Extreme object attachment in adults can form as a way to compensate for a lack of interpersonal attachment or as a symptom of hoarding disorder; however, normative levels of object attachment also exist across the lifespan. Although the importance of secure interpersonal attachment as a protective factor for older adults has been well established, research into object attachment in older adults is

Excessive or maladaptive object attachment is the defining feature of Hoarding Disorder (HD) and the acquisition process within Compulsive Buying-Shopping Disorder (CBSD). In recent years, the relationship of object attachment within HD and CBSD to individual's self-concept has become the focus of direct research. On the basis of this literature, it seems that an underdeveloped, ambivalent, or discrepant

People often acquire souvenirs and photographs to facilitate remembering, but possessions and memories can relate to each other in a variety of ways. This review paper presents four different connection types found between meaningful things in our everyday lives and our personal memories. Each connection type either focuses on possessions or memories and the connection between the two is either active

Children attach to objects for many reasons. Early research on object attachment focused primarily on infants and toddlers and their attachment to soft objects as a source of security, but this review reveals that children of all ages attach to a variety of objects and with a variety of motivations. This review also introduces the concept of transitory object attachments, in which children quickly

Anthropomorphism refers to seeing non-human objects as humans. Recent research suggests that anthropomorphizing objects could influence people's psychological and emotional bond with the objects. Anthropomorphism imbues non-human objects with human-like characteristics, alters people's relationship with the objects, and shift people's emotional and cognitive responses towards the objects. Based on

This review synthesizes the latest advances in the psychology behind consumption of luxury objects and experiences to which people typically feel strongly attached. We discuss novel drivers, forms, and consequences of luxury consumption from recent research. We propose that the psychology of luxury consumption is governed by a set of tensions between what luxury means to the self and the external forces

Hoarding disorder (HD) is characterised by compulsive acquisition and extreme difficulty discarding possessions, resulting in clutter that substantially impacts upon functioning. Heightened object attachment is a central feature of HD according to prominent theoretical models. We review current research on the nature and function of object attachment in HD. In particular, we describe growing evidence

Sentimental object attachment is a phenomenon that begins early in childhood. It is widely theorised that children develop emotional attachment to specific objects as a maternal substitute which varies across cultures and socioeconomic conditions. While the need for these objects should diminish as the child becomes more independent, there is a growing body of work showing that object attachment may

Many products are disposed of before they have reached the end of their functional life. New technological developments and trends in fashion seem to accelerate consumers' replacement of products. From an environmental perspective, such early replacement is undesirable. In this paper, we emphasize that product replacement is not only based on rational decision making. Emotional, functional, social

Digital object attachment is a complex phenomenon that received limited attention in the extant literature. The purpose of the current article is to develop a conceptual model to clarify discrepancies and encourage future work in this area. We classify digital objects into four categories by their complexity, user control, interactivity and user value. The proposed model captures the dynamic and cyclical

This review presents a new typology of compensatory consumption strategies as a means to understand how self-discrepancies influence compensatory object attachment. We differentiate compensatory consumption strategies based on three types of benefits they may provide (functional, symbolic, and hedonic), and we conceptualize these benefits as assets (or liabilities) that can influence object attachment

Reward-associated objects receive preferential attention, reflecting a bias in information processing that develops automatically following associative learning. Mounting evidence suggests that such value-driven attention operates abnormally in certain psychopathologies, with attentional biases for reward-associated objects being either exaggerated or blunted compared to healthy controls. Here, I review

This article puts forth a perspective that attitudes and attitude strength can serve as precursors to object attachment. To help the reader understand this perspective, I provide an overview of the attitude and attitude strength constructs and distinguish them from object attachment. I then explain a number of prominent ways in which attitudes and attitude strength can influence behaviors that might

It is well established that individuals have strong attachment to many possessions, but they cannot keep all these possessions forever. Disposition has received relatively limited attention in the literature though it is clear that disposition is significantly influenced by attachment. We review the burgeoning number of studies examining how possession attachment influences disposition. Attachment

The perceived value of our possessions extends well beyond their monetary worth or utility. Many possessions produce abiding attachments and contain deep conceptual meanings, which strongly influence our drive to acquire, retain, or relinquish them. In both the endowment effect and hoarding disorder (HD) research had focused on the degree that a fear of loss produces overvaluation by owners. There

People generally respond to resource scarcity through one of two pathways: scarcity-reduction or control-restoration. We draw from recent work on the solidity (versus liquidity) of consumption opportunities to offer a new lens through which to view how the two pathways that follow from resource scarcity relate to object attachment. In this review, we discuss when each pathway predicts stronger (versus

This article reviews how objects can serve as indicators of one's identity and signals of important life events. Objects carry both personal and social meaning, and ownership or usage increases the linkage between the object and the self. Owned objects are valued more due to their linkage with the (positively viewed) self. Similarly, self-views can assimilate to the associations of the owned or used

It has long been argued that people become attached to objects because objects help people to define, reflect, and communicate the self. In this article we consider whether objects not only help to 'know thyself' but also to 'fuel thyself'. In other words, whether objects can contribute to self-regulation. We review past research to consider whether the functional and symbolic aspects of objects are

Motives for acquiring and saving objects are closely linked to object attachment, but the nature of these associations has not been established. A better understanding of the motives for acquiring and saving possessions and how they relate to object attachment may reveal insights into the underpinnings of hoarding disorder. In turn, these insights can aid in identifying optimal targets for interventions

Data on 105 countries from the Global Development of Applied Community Studies project and a geographic information system (ArcGIS) were used to map and identify spatial patterns in the international growth of community psychology, as measured by professional associations and conferences, graduate and undergraduate programs and courses, and publications. Our primary aim was to analyze the field's global

This study highlights the pathways of clients' social service usage through qualitative interviews and visual mapping methodology. Undergraduate students interviewed clients at diverse social service agencies in Los Angeles that include homeless shelters, child welfare organizations, domestic violence organizations, LGBTQIA youth‐oriented agencies, nonprofits serving older adults, schools, and organizations

This art‐based, participatory action research sought to foster dialog between art therapists working on both sides of the US (Southern California)–Mexico (Tijuana) border in 2019. The paper summarizes the narratives from three initial focus groups, highlighting main findings arising from systematic analyses of verbal, creative and reflective writing input of participants. Identified themes include

Samyama is an 8-day Isha Yoga intensive residential meditation experience requiring several months of extensive preparation and vegan diet. As other forms of meditation have shown benefit for physical and psychological health, we hypothesized that participation in Samyama would offer enhanced physical and psychological benefits. This was an observational study of adults before and after the Isha Samyama

Spontaneous mirror self-recognition is achieved by only a limited number of species, suggesting a sharp “cognitive Rubicon” that only few can pass. But is the demarcation line that sharp? In studies on monkeys, who do not recognize themselves in a mirror, animals can make a difference between their mirror image and an unknown conspecific. This evidence speaks for a gradualist view of mirror self-recognition

The aim of our study was to test the effectiveness of the “three good things for others” intervention. We used the randomized controlled trial method, with four measurements (pretest, posttest, follow-up after two weeks, follow-up after four weeks) and with random assignment of participants to experimental and placebo control groups. We investigated the effects of the intervention on prosocial behavior

Negative attitudes and stigmatization can originate from the perception of a disease-related threat. Following the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is often suggested that incidents of discriminatory behavior are the result of defense mechanisms aimed at avoiding pathogens. According to the behavioral immune system theory, people are motivated to distance themselves from individuals who show signs

Contextualized within narrative theory and the field of talent identification and development systems (TIDS), this interview study examined strained junior elite performers’ experiences of becoming elite performers while participating in prestigious national TIDS. The study explored how junior elite performers perceive and negotiate their personal narratives of becoming within a cultural master narrative

Research on preventive socialization of gender violence has contributed abundant empirical evidence that attraction to violence is common among adolescents. This has meant that “bad guys”, or those who reflect the Dominant Traditional Masculinity model, are chiefly perceived as appealing, while “good guys” are perceived as good friends but not desirable. The mainstream media tends to reproduce this

Introduction: Mentalization concerns the human ability to understand the actions of others (and ourselves) in terms of intentional mental states. Often the notion is understood and described via the poles of automatic, non-verbal implicit mentalization as opposed to conscious, verbal explicit mentalization. In this article we challenge this standard division by examining examples from psychotherapy

This study aims to disclose how the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuroimaging approach has been applied in education studies, and what kind of learning themes has been investigated in the reviewed MRI neuroimaging research. Based on the keywords “brain or neuroimaging or neuroscience” and “MRI or diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) or white matter or gray matter or resting-state,” a total of 25 papers

In recent years, university students’ employment has become increasingly prominent problem worldwide. Improving students’ job search clarity is a great way to boost job-hunt success. Proactive personality may predict job search clarity through the mediating effect of core self-evaluation and career exploration. But few studies have explored this relationship and the mediating roles of core self-evaluation

As an unusual event, fasting can induce strong physiological and psychological reactions, but there is still no clear understanding of how previous fasting experience affects people’s responses to current fasting. This study aimed to investigate the influence of previous fasting experience on participants’ basic physiological and psychological responses in a fasting experiment that was conducted under

It seems trivial to identify sound sequences as music or speech, particularly when the sequences come from different sound sources, such as an orchestra and a human voice. Can we also easily distinguish these categories when the sequence comes from the same sound source? On the basis of which acoustic features? We investigated these questions by examining listeners' classification of sound sequences

In order to understand most, if not any communicative act, the listener needs to make inferences about what the speaker intends to convey. This perspective-taking process is especially challenging in the case of non-literal uses of language such as verbal irony (e.g., “Thanks for your help!” uttered to someone who has not provided the expected support). Children have been shown to have difficulties

Ideally, pro-environmental consumer behavior leads to a lower impact on the environment. However, due to negative behavioral spillovers environmentally-friendly behavior could lead to an overall higher environmental impact if subsequent environmentally-unfriendly behavior occurs. In this exploratory interview study we focused on two pathways leading to negative spillover: a psychological path (perceived

DNA methylation plays a key role in neural cell fate and provides a molecular link between early-life stress and later-life behavioral phenotypes. Here, studies that combine neuroimaging methods and DNA methylation analysis in pediatric population with a history of adverse experiences were systematically reviewed focusing on: targeted genes and neural correlates; statistical models used to examine

This study examined the effect of technology-based group contingency on walking among adults and compared the effectiveness and cost-efficiency between three types of contingency. Seventy-two students were divided into teams of three. Each team was randomly assigned to one of three group contingency conditions (independent, interdependent, or dependent), undergoing 66 days of technology-based group

On March 23rd, 2020, elite soccer academies in the UK closed in compliance with the government enforced lockdown intended to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This forced parents, players, and coaches to reconsider how they interacted with, and supported, one another. The aims of the present study were (a) to explore the perceptions of players, parents, and coaches (i.e., the athletic triangle) regarding

The present study examines whether collaborative situations make individuals more dishonest. It also considers how this dishonesty unfolds over time. To address these questions, we employed a sequential dyadic die-rolling task in which two participants in a pair receive a payoff only if both report the same die-roll outcome. On each trial, one participant (role A) rolled a die first and reported the

The primary means for psychotherapy interaction is language. Since talk-in-interaction is accomplished and rendered interpretable by the systematic use of linguistic resources, this study focuses on one of the central issues in psychotherapy, namely agency, and the ways in which linguistic resources, person references in particular, are used for constructing different types of agency in psychotherapy

Previous studies conducted in the USA indicate that people associate numbers with gender, such that odd numbers are more likely to be characterized as male and even numbers as female. It has been argued that this number gendering is probably acquired through social learning and conditioning, where dominant, fundamental cultural values influence the nature of the gender associations made with numbers

In everyday life, assumptions about our peers’ as well as our own personality shape social interactions. We investigated whether self-rated personality and inferences drawn from partners’ faces influence economic decisions. Participants (N = 285) played the trust game in the role of the trustor as well as the ultimatum game in the role of the proposer and interacted with trustees and receivers represented

Moral foundations research suggests that liberals care about moral values related to individual rights such as harm and fairness, while conservatives care about those foundations in addition to caring more about group rights such as loyalty, authority, and purity. However, the question remains about how conservatives and liberals differ in relation to group-level moral principles. We used two versions

In the article we develop a measure of complete well-being. The framework is derived from the theoretical model of human flourishing understood as a state in which all aspects of a human life are favorable. The approach extends beyond psychological well-being and reflects the World Health Organization definition of health that considers not only the health of body and mind but also embraces the wholeness

Adolescence is an important developmental period marked by a transition from primarily parental-controlled eating to self-directed and peer-influenced eating. During this period, adolescents gain autonomy over their individual food choices and eating behavior in general. While parent-feeding practices have been shown to influence eating behaviors in children, little is known about how these relationships