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Shifting mutational constraints in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain during viral evolution Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 Tyler N. Starr, Allison J. Greaney, William W. Hannon, Andrea N. Loes, Kevin Hauser, Josh R. Dillen, Elena Ferri, Ariana Ghez Farrell, Bernadeta Dadonaite, Matthew McCallum, Kenneth A. Matreyek, Davide Corti, David Veesler, Gyorgy Snell, Jesse D. Bloom
SARS-CoV-2 has evolved variants with substitutions in the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) that impact its affinity for ACE2 receptor and recognition by antibodies. These substitutions could also shape future evolution by modulating the effects of mutations at other sites—a phenomenon called epistasis. To investigate this possibility, we performed deep mutational scans to measure the effects on
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Why monkeypox is mostly hitting men who have sex with men. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Kai Kupferschmidt
The once slow spreading virus may have found a new niche in tightly connected sexual networks.
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The delicate balance of river sediments. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Christiane Zarfl,Frances E Dunn
Global satellite data quantify changes in sediment flux in 414 rivers.
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AlphabetizedInventing the Alphabet Johanna Drucker University of Chicago Press, 2022. 384 pp. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Andrew Robinson
The origins of the world's chief writing system come to life in an illuminating historiography.
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A wrong turn on roads in Brazil's national parks. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Lucas Rodriguez Forti,Rodrigo Lingnau,Judit K Szabo
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Minimize food loss and waste to prevent crises. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Siming You,Christian Sonne,Roger Ruan,Peng Jiang
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Dispatches from the redwood rebellionTree Thieves: Crime and Survival in North America's Woods Lyndsie Bourgon Little, Brown Spark, 2022. 288 pp. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Jeremy B Yoder
Tourism fails to compensate for lost timber jobs in protected forests, leading some to theft.
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Diplomacy for the world's hottest sea. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi,Clare M Fieseler,Brian Helmuth,Alexandra Leitão,Mehsin Al-Ainsi,Mohammad Al Mukaimi,Mohammad Al-Saidi,Fahad Al Senafi,Ivonne Bejarano,Radhouan Ben-Hamadou,Josh D'Addario,Ahmad Mujthaba Dheen Mohamed,Bruno W Giraldes,Lyle Glowka,Maggie D Johnson,Brett P Lyons,Daniel Mateos-Molina,Christopher D Marshall,Sayeed Mohammed,Pedro Range,Mohammad Reza Shokri,John M K Wong,Nicholas D
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How trade policy can support the climate agenda. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Michael Jakob,Stavros Afionis,Max Åhman,Angelo Antoci,Marlene Arens,Fernando Ascensão,Harro van Asselt,Nicolai Baumert,Simone Borghesi,Claire Brunel,Justin Caron,Aaron Cosbey,Susanne Droege,Alecia Evans,Gianluca Iannucci,Magnus Jiborn,Astrid Kander,Viktoras Kulionis,Arik Levinson,Jaime de Melo,Tom Moerenhout,Alessandro Monti,Maria Panezi,Philippe Quirion,Lutz Sager,Marco Sakai,Juan Sesmero,Mauro Sodini
Ensure open markets for clean technologies and products.
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Nitriles for the production of various amines. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Yasunari Monguchi
Nitriles functionalize amines and ammonia under catalytic hydrogenation conditions.
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U.S. labs face severe postdoc shortage. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Katie Langin
Early-career researchers increasingly avoid low-paying, insecure postdoc positions, a Science investigation finds.
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Disgraced stem cell surgeon convicted of criminal harm. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Gretchen Vogel
Swedish court gives Paolo Macchiarini suspended sentence for death of windpipe transplant patient.
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Arati Prabhakar to lead Biden's science office. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Jeffrey Mervis
Applied physicist would bring wealth of policy experience as successor to Eric Lander.
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HIV prevention tool is too slow to reach Africa, activists say. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Andrew Green
A long-lasting injectable drug was tested in seven African countries. But it's unclear when they'll have access to it.
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Phytoplankton response to a warming ocean. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Julio Sepúlveda,Sebastian I Cantarero
The nutritional value of marine algae will decrease in a warmer world.
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The many faces of anthropogenic subsidence. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Thibault Candela,Kay Koster
Shallow and deep human subsurface activities contribute to the total subsidence.
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How ubiquitous is aging in vertebrates? Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Steven N Austad,Caleb E Finch
Two new studies find little evidence of aging in some turtle species.
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A bacterium that is not a microbe. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Petra Anne Levin
A new discovery challenges the prevailing view of the boundaries of bacterial cell size.
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Stimulating the brain may help people who stutter. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Ignacio Amigo
Trials suggest small electric currents aid fluency, but how long the benefits last is unclear.
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Current global efforts are insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 H. Damon Matthews, Seth Wynes
Human activities have caused global temperatures to increase by 1.25°C, and the current emissions trajectory suggests that we will exceed 1.5°C in less than 10 years. Though the growth rate of global carbon dioxide emissions has slowed and many countries have strengthened their emissions targets, current midcentury net zero goals are insufficient to limit global warming to 1.5°C above preindustrial
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Pathogenicity, transmissibility, and fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Syrian hamsters Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Shuofeng Yuan, Zi-Wei Ye, Ronghui Liang, Kaiming Tang, Anna Jinxia Zhang, Gang Lu, Chon Phin Ong, Vincent Kwok Man Poon, Chris Chung-Sing Chan, Bobo Wing-Yee Mok, Zhenzhi Qin, Yubin Xie, Allen Wing-Ho Chu, Wan-Mui Chan, Jonathan Daniel Ip, Haoran Sun, Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang, Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen, Kenn Ka-Heng Chik, Chris Chun-Yiu Chan, Jian-Piao Cai, Cuiting Luo, Lu Lu, Cyril Chik-Yan Yip, Hin Chu
The in vivo pathogenicity, transmissibility, and fitness of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant are unclear. We compared these virological attributes of this new variant of concern with those of the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant in a Syrian hamster model of COVID-19. Omicron-infected hamsters lost significantly less body weight and exhibited reduced clinical scores, respiratory tract viral burdens
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A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active, membrane-bound organelles Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Jean-Marie Volland, Silvina Gonzalez-Rizzo, Olivier Gros, Tomáš Tyml, Natalia Ivanova, Frederik Schulz, Danielle Goudeau, Nathalie H. Elisabeth, Nandita Nath, Daniel Udwary, Rex R. Malmstrom, Chantal Guidi-Rontani, Susanne Bolte-Kluge, Karen M. Davies, Maïtena R. Jean, Jean-Louis Mansot, Nigel J. Mouncey, Esther R. Angert, Tanja Woyke, Shailesh V. Date
Cells of most bacterial species are around 2 micrometers in length, with some of the largest specimens reaching 750 micrometers. Using fluorescence, x-ray, and electron microscopy in conjunction with genome sequencing, we characterized Candidatus ( Ca. ) Thiomargarita magnifica, a bacterium that has an average cell length greater than 9000 micrometers and is visible to the naked eye. These cells grow
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Getting ahead of climate change for ecological adaptation and resilience Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Jonathan W. Moore, Daniel E. Schindler
Changing the course of Earth’s climate is increasingly urgent, but there is also a concurrent need for proactive stewardship of the adaptive capacity of the rapidly changing biosphere. Adaptation ultimately underpins the resilience of Earth’s complex systems; species, communities, and ecosystems shift and evolve over time. Yet oncoming changes will seriously challenge current natural resource management
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Global ocean lipidomes show a universal relationship between temperature and lipid unsaturation Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Henry C. Holm, Helen F. Fredricks, Shavonna M. Bent, Daniel P. Lowenstein, Justin E. Ossolinski, Kevin W. Becker, Winifred M. Johnson, Kharis Schrage, Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy
Global-scale surveys of plankton communities using “omics” techniques have revolutionized our understanding of the ocean. Lipidomics has demonstrated the potential to add further essential insights on ocean ecosystem function but has yet to be applied on a global scale. We analyzed 930 lipid samples across the global ocean using a uniform high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry analytical workflow
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Response to Comment on “The early origin of a birdlike inner ear and the evolution of dinosaurian movement and vocalization” Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Michael Hanson, Eva A. Hoffman, Mark A. Norell, Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar
David et al . claim that vestibular shape does not reflect function and that we did not use phylogenetic inference methods in our primary analyses. We show that their claims are countered by comparative and direct experimental evidence from across Vertebrata and that their models are empirically unverified. We did use phylogenetic methods to test our hypotheses. Moreover, their phylogenetic correction
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The matter of a clean energy future Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 James Morton Turner
A clean energy transition will create jobs, promote energy independence, improve public health, and, ultimately, mitigate climate change. But getting to this new future will require more than just phasing out fossil fuels. The production of a wide range of energy-relevant materials—lithium, cobalt, and nickel for batteries; rare earth elements for wind turbines and electric motors; silicon for solar
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Small-molecule activation of OGG1 increases oxidative DNA damage repair by gaining a new function Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Maurice Michel, Carlos Benítez-Buelga, Patricia A. Calvo, Bishoy M. F. Hanna, Oliver Mortusewicz, Geoffrey Masuyer, Jonathan Davies, Olov Wallner, Kumar Sanjiv, Julian J. Albers, Sergio Castañeda-Zegarra, Ann-Sofie Jemth, Torkild Visnes, Ana Sastre-Perona, Akhilesh N. Danda, Evert J. Homan, Karthick Marimuthu, Zhao Zhenjun, Celestine N. Chi, Antonio Sarno, Elisée Wiita, Catharina von Nicolai, Anna
Oxidative DNA damage is recognized by 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), which excises 8-oxoG, leaving a substrate for apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and initiating repair. Here, we describe a small molecule (TH10785) that interacts with the phenylalanine-319 and glycine-42 amino acids of OGG1, increases the enzyme activity 10-fold, and generates a previously undescribed β,δ-lyase enzymatic
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Comment on “The early origin of a birdlike inner ear and the evolution of dinosaurian movement and vocalization” Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Romain David, Mario Bronzati, Roger B. J. Benson
Hanson et al . (Research Articles, 7 May 2021, p. 601) claim that the shape of the vestibular apparatus reflects the evolution of reptilian locomotion. Using biomechanics, we demonstrate that semicircular canal shape is a dubious predictor of semicircular duct function. Additionally, we show that the inference methods used by Hanson et al . largely overestimate relationships between semicircular canal
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Climate change and the urgency to transform food systems Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Monika Zurek, Aniek Hebinck, Odirilwe Selomane
Without rapid changes to agriculture and food systems, the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change will not be met. Food systems are one of the most important contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but they also need to be adapted to cope with climate change impacts. Although many options exist to reduce GHG emissions in the food system, efforts to develop implementable transformation
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Slow and negligible senescence among testudines challenges evolutionary theories of senescence Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Rita da Silva, Dalia A. Conde, Annette Baudisch, Fernando Colchero
Is senescence inevitable and universal for all living organisms, as evolutionary theories predict? Although evidence generally supports this hypothesis, it has been proposed that certain species, such as turtles and tortoises, may exhibit slow or even negligible senescence—i.e., avoiding the increasing risk of death from gradual deterioration with age. In an extensive comparative study of turtles and
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Efficient and stable perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells through contact displacement by MgF x Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Jiang Liu, Michele De Bastiani, Erkan Aydin, George T. Harrison, Yajun Gao, Rakesh R. Pradhan, Mathan K. Eswaran, Mukunda Mandal, Wenbo Yan, Akmaral Seitkhan, Maxime Babics, Anand S. Subbiah, Esma Ugur, Fuzong Xu, Lujia Xu, Mingcong Wang, Atteq ur Rehman, Arsalan Razzaq, Jingxuan Kang, Randi Azmi, Ahmed Ali Said, Furkan H. Isikgor, Thomas G. Allen, Denis Andrienko, Udo Schwingenschlögl, Frédéric Laquai
The performance of perovskite solar cells with inverted polarity ( p-i-n ) is still limited by recombination at their electron extraction interface, which also lowers the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of p-i-n perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. A ~1 nm thick MgF x interlayer at the perovskite/C 60 interface through thermal evaporation favorably adjusts the surface energy of the perovskite layer
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Connectomic comparison of mouse and human cortex Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Sahil Loomba, Jakob Straehle, Vijayan Gangadharan, Natalie Heike, Abdelrahman Khalifa, Alessandro Motta, Niansheng Ju, Meike Sievers, Jens Gempt, Hanno S. Meyer, Moritz Helmstaedter
The human cerebral cortex houses 1,000 times more neurons than the cerebral cortex of a mouse, but the possible differences in synaptic circuits between these species are still poorly understood. We used 3-dimensional electron microscopy of mouse, macaque and human cortical samples to study their cell type composition and synaptic circuit architecture. The 2.5-fold increase in interneurons in humans
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Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Beth A. Reinke, Hugo Cayuela, Fredric J. Janzen, Jean-François Lemaître, Jean-Michel Gaillard, A. Michelle Lawing, John B. Iverson, Ditte G. Christiansen, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Gregorio Sánchez-Montes, Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Francis L. Rose, Nicola Nelson, Susan Keall, Alain J. Crivelli, Theodoros Nazirides, Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth, Klaus Henle, Emiliano Mori, Gaëtan Guiller, Rebecca Homan, Anthony
Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians
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Harnessing the potential of nature-based solutions for mitigating and adapting to climate change Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Nathalie Seddon
Although many governments, financial institutions, and corporations are embracing nature-based solutions as part of their sustainability and net-zero carbon strategies, some nations, Indigenous peoples, local community groups, and grassroots organizations have rejected this term. This pushback is fueled by (i) critical uncertainties about when, where, how, and for whom nature-based solutions are effective
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Rapid changes to global river suspended sediment flux by humans Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Evan N. Dethier, Carl E. Renshaw, Francis J. Magilligan
Rivers support indispensable ecological functions and human health and infrastructure. Yet limited river sampling hinders our understanding of consequential changes to river systems. Satellite-based estimates of suspended sediment concentration and flux for 414 major rivers reveal widespread global change that is directly attributable to human activity in the past half-century. Sediment trapping by
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8000-year doubling of Midwestern forest biomass driven by population- and biome-scale processes Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 A. M. Raiho, C. J. Paciorek, A. Dawson, S. T. Jackson, D. J. Mladenoff, J. W. Williams, J. S. McLachlan
Changes in woody biomass over centuries to millennia are poorly known, leaving unclear the magnitude of terrestrial carbon fluxes before industrial-era disturbance. Here, we statistically reconstructed changes in woody biomass across the upper Midwestern region of the United States over the past 10,000 years using a Bayesian model calibrated to preindustrial forest biomass estimates and fossil pollen
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Nickel-catalyzed hydrogenative coupling of nitriles and amines for general amine synthesis Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Vishwas G. Chandrashekhar, Wolfgang Baumann, Matthias Beller, Rajenahally V. Jagadeesh
Efficient and general methods for the synthesis of amines remain in high demand in the chemical industry. Among the many known processes, catalytic hydrogenation is a cost-effective and industrially proven reaction and currently used to produce a wide array of such compounds. We report a homogeneous nickel catalyst for hydrogenative cross coupling of a range of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic
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Tumor necrosis factor induces pathogenic mitochondrial ROS in tuberculosis through reverse electron transport Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Francisco J. Roca, Laura J. Whitworth, Hiran A. Prag, Michael P. Murphy, Lalita Ramakrishnan
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a critical host resistance factor against tuberculosis. However, excess TNF produces susceptibility by increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), which initiate a signaling cascade to cause pathogenic necrosis of mycobacterium-infected macrophages. In zebrafish, we identified the mechanism of TNF-induced mROS in tuberculosis. Excess TNF in mycobacterium-infected
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Broaden chemicals scope in biodiversity targets. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Gabriel Sigmund,Marlene Ågerstrand,Tomas Brodin,Miriam L Diamond,Walter R Erdelen,David C Evers,Adelene Lai,Matthias C Rillig,Andreas Schäffer,Anna Soehl,João Paulo M Torres,Zhanyun Wang,Ksenia J Groh
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Confronting the climate crisisThe World As We Knew It: Dispatches From a Changing Climate Amy Brady and Tajja Isen, Eds. Catapult, 2022. 288 pp. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Joseph Swift
Leading literary writers explore what it means to live on a changing planet.
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Biotechnology ethics for food and agriculture. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Catherine Kendig,Theresa Selfa,Paul B Thompson
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Telescope in India snares light in spinning mercury. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Daniel Clery
Inexpensive "liquid mirrors" could be used in giant telescopes on the Moon.
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Shrinking aquifers and land subsidence in Iran. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Masoud Negahdary
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Get law enforcement out of biospecimen authentication. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Debra J H Mathews,Natalie Ram
Use of D NA markers in research that are used in law enforcement risks undermining public trust and participation.
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Monkeypox could establish new reservoirs in animals. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Jon Cohen
Concern grows that virus will get footholds in species outside Africa.
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Upstart DNA sequencers could be a 'game changer'. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Elizabeth Pennisi
Increasing potential for fast, cheap genomes may break open biology's bottleneck and broaden clinical uses.
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Oil at sea-how much is too much? Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Ira Leifer
The anthropogenic share of marine oil discharge is much larger than previously thought.
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Peter Higgs and his eponymous particleElusive: How Peter Higgs Solved the Mystery of Mass Frank Close Basic Books, 2022. 304 pp. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Simon Mitton
A new biography juxtaposes the physicist's life story with the search for the Higgs boson.
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Studies tying weather extremes to global warming gain rigor. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Paul Voosen
Record-shattering events spur climate attribution advances.
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Ancient DNA reveals Black Death source. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Ann Gibbons
Graves in Kyrgyzstan hold early victims of plague that swept medieval Europe.
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The triumph and tragedy of the Higgs boson. Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Adrian Cho
Ten years ago, physicists found what they predicted. Little new has followed.
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Krypton in the Chassigny meteorite shows Mars accreted chondritic volatiles before nebular gases Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Sandrine Péron, Sujoy Mukhopadhyay
Volatile chemical elements are thought to have been delivered to Solar System terrestrial planets late in their formation, by accretion of chondritic meteorites. Mars can provide information on inner Solar System volatile delivery during the earliest planet formation stages. We measured krypton isotopes in the Martian meteorite Chassigny, representative of the planet’s interior. We find chondritic
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Meteorin-like promotes heart repair through endothelial KIT receptor tyrosine kinase Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Marc R. Reboll, Stefanie Klede, Manuel H. Taft, Chen-Leng Cai, Loren J. Field, Kory J. Lavine, Andrew L. Koenig, Jenni Fleischauer, Johann Meyer, Axel Schambach, Hans W. Niessen, Maike Kosanke, Joop van den Heuvel, Andreas Pich, Johann Bauersachs, Xuekun Wu, Linqun Zheng, Yong Wang, Mortimer Korf-Klingebiel, Felix Polten, Kai C. Wollert
Effective tissue repair after myocardial infarction entails a vigorous angiogenic response, guided by incompletely defined immune cell–endothelial cell interactions. We identify the monocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokine METRNL (meteorin-like) as a driver of postinfarction angiogenesis and high-affinity ligand for the stem cell factor receptor KIT (KIT receptor tyrosine kinase). METRNL mediated
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Design and printing of proprioceptive three-dimensional architected robotic metamaterials Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Huachen Cui, Desheng Yao, Ryan Hensleigh, Haotian Lu, Ariel Calderon, Zhenpeng Xu, Sheyda Davaria, Zhen Wang, Patrick Mercier, Pablo Tarazaga, Xiaoyu (Rayne) Zheng
Advances in additive manufacturing techniques have enabled the creation of stimuli-responsive materials with designed three-dimensional (3D) architectures. Unlike biological systems in which functions such as sensing, actuation, and control are closely integrated, few architected materials have comparable system complexity. We report a design and manufacturing route to create a class of robotic metamaterials
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Spin-charge separation in a one-dimensional Fermi gas with tunable interactions Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Ruwan Senaratne, Danyel Cavazos-Cavazos, Sheng Wang, Feng He, Ya-Ting Chang, Aashish Kafle, Han Pu, Xi-Wen Guan, Randall G. Hulet
Ultracold atoms confined to periodic potentials have proven to be a powerful tool for quantum simulation of complex many-body systems. We confine fermions to one dimension to realize the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid model, which describes the highly collective nature of their low-energy excitations. We use Bragg spectroscopy to directly excite either the spin or charge waves for various strengths of repulsive
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Chronic oiling in global oceans Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Yanzhu Dong, Yongxue Liu, Chuanmin Hu, Ian R. MacDonald, Yingcheng Lu
Ocean oil slicks can be attributed to natural seepages or to anthropogenic discharges. To date, the global picture of their distribution and relative natural and anthropogenic contributions remains unclear. Here, by analyzing 563,705 Sentinel-1 images from 2014–2019, we provide the first global map of oil slicks and a detailed inventory of static-and-persistent sources (natural seeps, platforms, and
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A chemoenzymatic strategy for site-selective functionalization of native peptides and proteins Science (IF 63.714) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Anna Fryszkowska, Chihui An, Oscar Alvizo, Goutami Banerjee, Keith A. Canada, Yang Cao, Duane DeMong, Paul N. Devine, Da Duan, David M. Elgart, Iman Farasat, Donald R. Gauthier, Erin N. Guidry, Xiujuan Jia, Jongrock Kong, Nikki Kruse, Katrina W. Lexa, Alexey A. Makarov, Benjamin F. Mann, Erika M. Milczek, Vesna Mitchell, Jovana Nazor, Claudia Neri, Robert K. Orr, Peter Orth, Eric M. Phillips, James
The emergence of new therapeutic modalities requires complementary tools for their efficient syntheses. Availability of methodologies for site-selective modification of biomolecules remains a long-standing challenge, given the inherent complexity and the presence of repeating residues that bear functional groups with similar reactivity profiles. We describe a bioconjugation strategy for modification