Trapped gas causes buried sediments to flow like water, rising and erupting dangerously at the sea floor.

Oday Abushalbaq outlines his experience leading a team of neuroscience researchers from 9,000 kilometres away — while completing his PhD training.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

A general, efficient, highly enantio‐ and chemoselective NHC/Ni‐catalysed addition of readily available and stable arylboronic esters to ketones is reported. This protocol provides unexpectedly fast access (usually 10 min) to various chiral tertiary alcohols with exceptionally broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance (76 examples, up to 98% ee). This process is orthogonal to other

An efficient deracemization method for conversion of the racemate to the desirable ( R )‐enantiomer has been developed by coupling incompatible racemization and crystallization processes. By a library approach a derivative that crystallizes as a conglomerate in the solid phase has been identified. Racemization occurs via reversible hydrogenation over a palladium on carbon (Pd/C) packed column at 130

Single‐cell and in situ cell‐based operation with nanopipette approach offers a possibility to elucidate the intracellular processes and may aid the improvement of therapy efficiency and precision. We present here a photo‐responsive hydrogel‐nanopipette hybrid system that can achieve single‐cell operation with high spatial/temporal resolution and negligible cell‐damage. This strategy overcomes long‐time

The entry of enveloped viruses requires the fusion of viral and host cell membranes. An effective fusion inhibitor aiming at impeding such membrane fusion may emerge as a broad‐spectrum antiviral agent against a wide range of viral infections. Mycobacterium survives inside the phagosome by inhibiting phagosome‐lysosome fusion with the help of a coat protein coronin 1. Structural analysis of coronin

The coordination chemistry of KrF2 has been limited, in contrast with that of XeF2, which exhibits a far richer coordination chemistry with main‐group and transition‐metal cations. In the present work, reactions of [XeF5][AsF6] with KrF2 in anhydrous HF solvent afforded [F5Xe(FKrF)AsF6] and [F5Xe(FKrF)2AsF6], the first mixed krypton/xenon compounds. X‐ray crystal structures and Raman spectra show the

High‐spin conjugated radicals have great potential in magnetic materials and organic spintronics. However, to obtain high‐spin conjugated radicals is still quite challenging due to their poor stability. Herein, we report the successful synthesis and isolation of a stable triplet conjugated diradical, 10,12‐diaryldiindeno[1,2‐b :2',1'‐e ]pyrazine (m‐DIP). With the m‐xylylene analogue skeleton containing

The palladium‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation of aromatic amides with maleimides via the activation of ortho benzylic C‐H and meta C‐H bonds is reported. Carboxamide and anilide type substrates that contain a 2‐methylthiophenyl group both participate in this [3+2] annulation, indicating that the presence of a 2‐methylthiophenyl directing group is a key for the success of the reaction. The first C‐H bond

The first example of non‐noble metal‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of N‐heteroaromatics is reported. A new chiral pincer manganese catalyst showed outstanding catalytic activity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines, affording high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). A turnover number of 3840 was reached at a low catalyst loading (S/C=4000), which was competitive with the activity

Solid‐state Li‐O 2 batteries possess the ability to deliver high energy density with enhanced safety. However, the challenge to design a high‐functioning solid‐state air electrode becomes the main bottleneck for its further development due to the presence of multiple solid‐state interfaces, limiting the electron/ion exchange and resulting in poor electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose to adopt

A Cu‐catalyzed carbonylative borylation of unactivated alkyl halides has been developed, enabling efficient synthesis of aliphatic potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) in high yields by treating the in‐situ formed tetracoordinated acylboron intermediates with aqueous KHF 2 . A variety of functional groups are tolerated under the mild reaction conditions, and primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides

In science news around the world, the 11th Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is officially over, giving the country respite from the disease for the first time in more than 2 years. Pfizer applies for emergency authorization for its coronavirus vaccine, the first such request for a vaccine during the pandemic. U.S. regulators give their first approval to an at-home diagnostic test

Following cable breaks that have brought the 57-year-old facility to the brink of collapse, the Arecibo Observatory will be demolished, officials at the National Science Foundation (NSF) announced on 19 November. The giant radio dish saw plenty of fame over the years. It was the first to detect evidence for gravitational waves, the first to peer through Venus's thick clouds, and the first to detect

In October 2010, in a building the size of three U.S. football fields, researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory powered up 192 laser beams, focused their energy into a pulse with the punch of a speeding truck, and fired it at a pellet of nuclear fuel the size of a peppercorn. So began a campaign by the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to achieve the goal it is named for: igniting a fusion

Although even the best cancer drugs don't buy much time for most people with advanced cancer, there are rare exceptions: patients whose tumors melt away and who remain healthy years later. Researchers have long dismissed these "exceptional responders" as unexplainable outliers. Now, an effort to systematically study them is yielding data that could help improve cancer treatments. The project, led by

In September, researchers reported discovering signs of phosphine—a toxic compound that on Earth is made in significant amounts only by microbes and chemists—in radio emissions from Venus's atmosphere. The unexpected detection could point to a microbial biosphere floating in the venusian clouds. But those results have since come under scrutiny, including from the original discovery team, which, citing

Schools around the world are again the site of a large, and largely uncontrolled, experiment. When schools reopened in April and May as the first wave of COVID-19 cases subsided, the virus stayed mostly at bay. Health and education officials cheered, relieved that the huge benefits of in-person schooling seemed to outweigh the risk of viral spread among children and teachers—and from schools to wider

Celestial reference frames are the fixed, imaginary grids against which everything else moves, akin to lines of latitude and longitude on Earth. For the past few decades, astronomers have based them on radio observations of several thousand quasars, cosmic lighthouses generated by black holes in distant galactic centers. These radio beacons not only guide the pointing of telescopes, but they are also

The presence of leaves on deciduous trees not only marks the changing of the seasons, but also defines the period of time in which trees store carbon from the air in leaves, wood, and roots. Warming winters causing earlier spring-leaf emergence is a widespread pattern of climate-change impacts across temperate tree species and their locations (1). Much more idiosyncratic is the timing of leaf senescence

The spectrum of the simplest atomic species, the hydrogen (H) atom with only a single electron, was initially described with Bohr's theory of 1913 and was refined with newer theories, from Schrödinger's quantum mechanics to Dirac's relativistic formalism and ultimately Feynman-Schwinger-Tomonaga's quantum electrodynamics (QED). The latter includes the effects of virtual particles that emerge from the

The primary function of cells in all epithelial tissues is to form a physical barrier separating different compartments. Cell-cell adhesion structures seal neighboring membranes to form a barrier. Depending on the number of cells that are clumped together, these are called bicellular or tricellular junctions (1). During development and normal tissue homeostasis, cells in epithelia move and change their

An abrupt and substantial change in a climate system from one steady state to another—called a climate regime shift—has a considerable impact on ecosystems and society because of the abbreviated time period for adaptation (1, 2). Recognizing the occurrence of regime shifts in climate is crucial for the timely development of effective policy responses to cope with the change. On page 1095 of this issue

Tissues are complex and contain a diverse compendium of cell types and states. Genetic disruptions can affect any one or all of these cells and, in doing so, sometimes give rise to disease. There are thousands of genes associated with human disease, and studying the effects of genetic disruption across all cell types within mammalian tissues remains difficult. Perturbations with single-cell sequencing

The efficacy of a market system is rooted in competition. In striving to attract customers, firms are led to charge lower prices and deliver better products and services. Nothing more fundamentally undermines this process than collusion, when firms agree not to compete with one another and consequently consumers are harmed by higher prices. Collusion is generally condemned by economists and policy-makers

Before we were worried about fossil fuels and plastic pollution, nuclear waste stretched our minds to think about our place in geological time. In Deep Time Reckoning, cultural anthropologist Vincent Ialenti would have us look to the experts charged with finding a final resting place for this waste for inspiration. Rather than allowing ourselves to be overwhelmed by the magnitude of humanity's effects

The Mutant Project provides readers with an intriguing picture of the events, ambitions, and deceptions that led up to the birth of the first gene-edited babies in October 2018, but these insights are only part of what makes it such a fascinating read. At its core, the book is a complex analysis of the global culture in which the project of heritable human genome editing is now developing.

This week on the Science podcast, Ruth DeFries recommends looking to nature for fundamental and time-tested strategies that have long helped life thrive in uncertain times.

We have performed two-photon ultraviolet direct frequency comb spectroscopy on the 1S-3S transition in atomic hydrogen to illuminate the so-called proton radius puzzle and to demonstrate the potential of this method. The proton radius puzzle is a significant discrepancy between data obtained with muonic hydrogen and regular atomic hydrogen that could not be explained within the framework of quantum

Changes in the growing-season lengths of temperate trees greatly affect biotic interactions and global carbon balance. Yet future growing-season trajectories remain highly uncertain because the environmental drivers of autumn leaf senescence are poorly understood. Using experiments and long-term observations, we show that increases in spring and summer productivity due to elevated carbon dioxide, temperature

Since the discovery of roaming as an alternative molecular dissociation pathway in formaldehyde (H2CO), it has been indirectly observed in numerous molecules. The phenomenon describes a frustrated dissociation with fragments roaming at relatively large interatomic distances rather than following conventional transition-state dissociation; incipient radicals from the parent molecule self-react to form