Laser-induced incandescence (LII) was used to quantify the soot volume fraction in five piloted turbulent non-premixed C2H4-N2 jet flames at elevated pressures. In one series of flames, the bulk jet velocity was held constant as the pressure was increased from 1 bar (Re = 10,000) to 3 bar (Re = 30,000), and then 5 bar (Re = 50,000). In the other series, a Reynolds number of 10,000 was held constant

In vertical Bridgman (VB) systems, the shape of the S-L interface greatly influences the yield and perfection of single crystal, because of the continuous contact with the crucible. The melt flows and the shape of the S-L interface are difficult to modify and control. Baffles are flow-directing or obstructing devices. In VB melts, the baffles are disk shaped, and positioned horizontally above the solid-liquid

The solubility of Furan 2-carboxylic acid is determined experimentally in seven mono solvents toluene, hexane, diisopropylether, 1, 2–dichloroethane, acetonitrile, methylisobutylketone, methanol at temperatures ranging from 283.15 K – 333.15 K and five binary systems toluene + hexane, diisopropylether + hexane, 1, 2–dichloroethane + hexane, methylisobutylketone + hexane, ethanol + hexane at 293.15 K

The radiation of twisted photons by charged particles traversing a cholesteric plate is studied in the framework of quantum electrodynamics in an anisotropic inhomogeneous dispersive medium. The complete set of solutions to the Maxwell equations in the cholesteric plate is constructed in the paraxial and small anisotropy approximations. The explicit expressions for the average numbers of plane-wave

Molecular simulations in the canonical and isothermal-isobaric ensembles were performed for a two-dimensional simple fluid using a set of non conformal molecular interactions. The specific characteristics of this interaction model give it some advantages over other well known interaction potentials employed traditionally in the study of thermodynamic properties of soft matter systems. The functional

Molten salt mixtures are integral part of highly important technological applications such as nuclear reactors. However, due to inherent difficulties associated with experiment at high temperatures and the intrinsic complexity of liquid-phase multi-component systems, understanding their properties at a molecular level remains a challenge. Here, we report on an ab initio molecular dynamics investigation

The formulation of drug considering the body fluid ingredients is important and therefore study of the interaction of drug-surfactant in fluid ingredients medium is very significant. Herein, we applied a conductivity technique to insight the interaction of cephradine monohydrate (CDM) drug with cationic surfactant- cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant- sodium dodecyl sulfate

The modelling-based design of microfluidic devices leads to highly efficient process intensification, which provides insights into different temporal and spatial scales at which processes in various fields of application could be performed. This requires not only an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of different processes at the micro scale, but also the development of relevant computational

To study the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in seawater at different temperatures, a novel electrochemical method called gradient-distributed wire beam electrode technique with high temporal and spatial resolution has been employed. This new wire beam electrode was prepared by three kinds of carbon steel with different carbon contents so that it can evaluate three materials simultaneously in the

Isothermal microcalorimerty was employed to characterize self-heating of three types of cereal straws with 40–70% moisture at 30–70 °C. It revealed microbial heating occurring with upper limit temperatures of ca. 60 °C, 60 °C, and 40 °C and optimal temperatures of ca. 40 °C, 40 °C, and below 30 °C for rice and wheat straw and corn stalk, respectively. Microbial heat evolution patterns vary greatly

Leather is a natural material made of collagen fibers that have been stabilized through a tanning process. One of the leather’s characteristics is that if it is gradually heated in an aqueous solution, it reaches a temperature at which the fibers deteriorate and a sudden and irreversible shrinkage occurs. This shrinkage is a consequence of the rupture of collagen fibers bonds. Depending on the level

In this paper, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from Arundo donax L. (AD), using acid hydrolysis method, and successfully functionalized with amine groups. The structure, morphology and crystallinity of the unmodified and modified MCCs were investigated. Subsequently, the amino-functionalized MCC (MCCA) at different ratios was employed as a reinforcement of bisphenol A aniline based benzoxazine

The success of photocatalysis in different applications majorly depends on the efficiency or activity of the catalysts used in the visible light region. Although, several photocatalysts have been reported to be efficient in various photocatalytic applications, bismuth-based chalcogenides are one of the compounds with unique performance. This is because they possess band gap energies that allow them

Potential strategies such as surface passivation and perovskite material halide mixing may protect material surfaces, improve luminescence, and reduce charge traps for device stability. In this study, we used deep level transient spectroscopy to investigate the effect of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) on defect states and carrier transport in methylammonium (MA) lead halide perovskites (CH3NH3PbX3

The adsorptive removal of tetracycline (TC) was studied with three types of zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs), UiO-66, NU-1000 and MOF-525. The adsorption kinetics best fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption equilibrium was rapidly reached within 40 min on UiO-66 and NU-1000, and 120 min on MOF-525. The adsorption isotherms best fitted with Sips model

Interaction of multi-active components can effectively maximize the overall catalytic ability of alcohol fuel cells. Herein, the self-assembled nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) containing Co-MnO composite (Co-MnO/NCNTs) are successfully synthesized using dihydrodiamine as carbon and nitrogen source through one-step synthesis. In order to further improve the catalytic activity of Co-MnO/ NCNTs

Hypothesis The formation of porous nanostructures on surfaces and the control of their size and shape is fundamental for various applications. The creation of nanotubes is particularly difficult to implement without the aid of hard and rigid templates. Recently, methods that form nanotubular structures in a straightforward manner and without direct templating, e.g. soft templating, have been highly

Hypothesis The anisotropic nature of colloidal particles results in orientation-dependent interactions that organize the particles into peculiar structures different from those formed by isotropic colloids. Particles with a hydrophilic hemisphere are expected to assemble in hydrophobic solvents due to the contribution of hydrophobic interactions as observed for molecular amphiphiles. Experiments Asymmetrically