Determining the precise atomic structure and absolute configuration of unknown compounds is a crucial goal in chemistry. Over the past few decades, several techniques for structural determination have been developed and refined, including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and so on. However, these methods have limitations, particularly in the identification of complex

Self-assembled nanoprobes have emerged as an advanced cancer treatment, offering a unified platform that integrates both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. This paper highlights recent advancements in self-assembled nanoprobes designed for cancer phototheranostics, combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and/or photothermal therapy (PTT) with imaging such as fluorescence imaging (FI) and/or photoacoustic

The escalating global demand for food security and environmental safety has heightened the need for rapid, on-site pesticide residue detection, spurring advancements in portable sensing technologies. The emerging of cellulosic paper-based analytical method has enabled economical on-site pesticide residue detection in agricultural products through portable, affordable, disposable platforms with simplified

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive, radiation-free diagnostic tool widely used for anatomical and functional imaging in tumor diagnosis. However, its clinical utility is limited by inherent sensitivity constraints. While MRI probes can be designed to target and respond to specific biomolecules, offering valuable insights into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite these advancements

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possess a high affinity and a specific recognition ability towards target molecules. They also feature straightforward synthesis, low cost, and remarkable stability. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), when serving as the substrate of MIPs, exhibit properties such as high porosity, a large surface area, and simplicity in preparation and modification. By integrating

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been widely investigated for their potential applications in organic optoelectronics. While previous reviews have extensively covered the synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications of CTFs, there is still a notable lack of comprehensive analyses that delve into their crucial role in optoelectronic semiconductors. This review addresses this void by

The growing need for sustainable energy solutions to address climate change and power shortages in developing regions has intensified the focus on advanced energy storage technologies, including batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have garnered significant attention as high-performance two-dimensional nanostructures exhibiting exceptional electrochemical properties

The advances in nanotechnology have been coupled with a growing interest in and extensive research on nanodrug delivery systems (NDDS). NDDS represent a revolutionary approach to therapeutic delivery at the molecular level. Notwithstanding the research efforts and potential preclinical results, few NDDS have successfully transitioned to clinical applications. A major obstacle in this translation process

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Thioctic Acid (TA), as an endogenous multifunctional molecule, has become a research focus in the field of self-assembled materials due to its dynamic disulfide bonds, amphiphilic structure, and carboxyl reactive sites. This article systematically reviews the preparation methods of TA-based self-assembled materials and their application progress in various fields. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP)

Recent research by Mahapatra et al. highlights the promise of unsupervised learning techniques in 2D MXenes-based photocatalytic applications; however, the absence of ground truth data poses significant challenges in validating both feature identification and clustering quality. The approach presented here advocates for the integration of advanced clustering methods that overcome the limitations of

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by coordination bonds between organic ligands and metal ions or clusters. Their key properties, including high surface area, porosity, and adjustable functionalities, enable diverse applications in gas separation, catalysis, energy storage, luminescence, and more recently, the development of electrochemical sensors. In this review, we provide an overview of

In the last two decades, complexes of N-heterocycles especially of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles have attracted the researcher's attention most due to their easier synthetic access and tremendous potential in several fields including catalysis, agricultural science, materials science, medicinal chemistry, photochemistry, etc. As triazoles played an important role in the modern era drug development but

The zinc (Zn) based battery systems, with unique properties of high reversibility, sustainability, and long-lived ability, have made many breakthroughs during past decades and developed multiple battery types (e.g., ion-type batteries and air-type batteries). By virtue of unique characteristics like high porosity, well-defined structure and designable functionality, covalent organic frameworks (COFs)

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Radiotherapy is a common and vital therapeutic modality in clinical cancer treatment. Nevertheless, tumor microenvironment (TME) provides a serious impediment on the therapeutic effectiveness of radiotherapy with its typical characteristics. Metal ions are crucial regulators of proteins/enzymes and biological processes involved into TME. Metal ions regulated

Bioimaging has emerged as an admirable technique for the early-stage detection of diseases that are difficult to drive backwards in the advanced stages, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. It provides a non-invasive approach for gathering information on the progress or reoccurrence of these diseases. However, smart fluorescent dyes are essential for bioimaging, allowing real-time visualization

Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have attracted widespread attention since they can greatly expand the spectral range of the laser output through second harmonic generation (SHG). Recently, employing advantageous structural templates to design and fabricate NLO materials has promoted their rapid development, compared with the traditional “trial-and-error” methodology. KBe2BO3F2, an outstanding usually

Scaling up water electrolysis is hindered by the need of low-cost, high-activity, and long-durability electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Although reviews published previously focus exclusively on the electrocatalysts development, there is a lack of review focusing on the microcosmic knowledge of water electrolysis. The rational design of

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a sub-class of non-coding RNAs approximately 20–24 nucleotides in length, have emerged as valuable biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis, and potential forensic evidence. Advances in lanthanide-doped nanoprobes offer great promise for sensitive miRNA detection due to their high photostability, long luminescence lifetimes, and large anti-Stokes shifts. This review provides

Nanozymes are a type of simulated artificial enzymes that possess both the unique properties of nanomaterials and enzyme functions, making them promising alternatives to natural enzymes in the biomedical field. In recent years, with the cross-fusion of nanomedicine and nanocatalysis, significant efforts have been made to regulate the nanozymes further to realize specific antitumor therapy and simultaneously

Section snippets Declaration of competing interestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

One of the most effective methods for achieving carbon neutrality is the Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reaction (CO2RR). The conversion of CO2 to ethanol using the electrochemical method is quite challenging primarily due to the numerous electron and proton transfers (EPT) required for the CC bond formation process. Currently, copper-based electrocatalysts are widely preferred for CO2RR

The known literature data concerning the structure and physicochemical characteristics of specific coordination compounds containing some s-, p-, d- or f-element ion and pentaazacyclopentadienyl [PACP, (cycloN5)−] anion, have been systematized and summarized. The fundamental possibility of practical using these compounds in the present and future is also discussed. The review mainly presents articles

The ongoing energy upheaval and atmospheric pollution are among the most pressing challenges facing society today. To address these issues, the establishment of effective methods for electrochemical energy conversion offers a promising path forward. Recently, Zn-based materials have attracted a lot of interest as possible solutions in this field. Their appeal relies upon their precisely modified structural

Multi-principal element nanoparticles (MPENs) are an emerging class of nano-materials with widespread applications in electrocatalysis owing to their tunable performances and high chemical stability. The extensive chemical compositional space and high surface area become even more significant at the nanoscale level. MPENs exhibit unique properties, including multi-element synergy, high configuration

Metal-based complexes have emerged as powerful agents in anticancer therapy, demonstrating exceptional activity and positioning themselves as highly promising candidates in the field. Among these, platinum-based antitumor drugs are extensively employed in current chemotherapy protocols. However, their clinical utility is significantly constrained by challenges such as drug resistance, non-specific

Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies remain to be one of the most prevalent malignancies that are often characterized by a dismal prognosis. Nanoplatforms present a groundbreaking avenue for enhancing targeting strategies and multifunctionality in cancer treatment. The emergence of nanotechnology, particularly the innovation of smart responsive nanomaterials, has revolutionized cancer diagnosis and therapy

Sustainable environmental remediation and resource recovery are critical to addressing pollution, resource depletion, and ecosystem degradation. This review introduces the new concept of cross-material synergies, integrating carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), and Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) into multi-functional composite systems. By leveraging their complementary