This review focuses on strategies for conversion between metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and gels (including organic gels and metal–organic gels). Crystal crosslinking and mismatch growth of MOF particles are two ingenious strategies to convert MOFs into gels. Reaction conditions (such as concentration of reactants and metal–ligand ratio) have great effect on conversion of MOFs and the third strategy

As one of the most representative hypoxic enzymes, nitroreductases (NTRs) play momentous roles in malignant tumor progression, metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis. They are also a key hallmark of highly aggressive disease in various hypoxic tumor cells. In addition, NTRs participate in essential processes of detoxification, pro-drug activation as well as radiation therapy. Thus, the detection of

4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based-π-conjugated derivatives are endowed with extraordinary photonic and electronic properties. The BODIPYs possess unique features, including easy functionalization, simple synthetic modification, highly conjugated structure, strong absorption with high fluorescence quantum yield. In the last few decades, research has been devoted for developing

The development of sustainable enantioselective olefin epoxidation and alkane oxidation reactions under environmentally friendly conditions is an ultimate goal that has long been pursued in chemistry. Excellent examples are naturally occurring monooxygenases, which are able to catalyze a variety of biological oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen (O2) that afford high chemo-, regio-, and/or stereoselectivities

The fabrication of novel porous materials remains of great interest because of their intriguing architectures, various properties, and promising applications. As typical porous materials with high crystallinity, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted continuous attention to the scientific community. However, poor stability and monotonous pore structures hinder their practical and/or advanced

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a deposition technique capable of depositing a thin layer of material through the gas-phase decomposition of precursor molecules. In addition to the deposition parameters, the choice of precursor is crucial in determining the stoichiometry, composition and properties of the films. The established library of CVD precursors for tungsten and molybdenum oxides has been

There has been considerable interest and importance in using the “exchange reaction” to synthesize, modify, or functionalize metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), since the “exchange” can achieve desired changes in their structures and performances for various applications. In 2014, we published a critical review on this topic, in which the exchange of metal ions, ligands, and guests was discussed in detail

Thiolated cyclodextrins (CDs) are obtained by covalent attachment of thiol moieties on the oligomeric backbone of different types of CDs. First, thiolated CDs were introduced in the field of drug delivery as mucoadhesive oligomers forming disulfide bonds with cysteine-rich substructures of mucus glycoproteins providing a prolonged mucosal residence time. In the following, their in-situ gelling and

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising and non-invasive modality for cancer treatments. Photosensitizers, as one of the essential elements in PDT, play a crucial role in the practical applications of PDT. Exposure to suitable light irradiation leads these photosensitizers to absorb the energy and move to excited state. Eventually, they transfer the energy to surrounding molecules and

Among porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) take the lead in heterogeneous support catalysts because the structure of MOFs can be readily tuned by choice of metal and organic building blocks, and further be modified with diverse functional groups. In order to immobilize catalytically active metal sites on MOFs and efficiently utilize them, it would be essential to employ the coordinating

Sustainable methods of synthesizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are of paramount importance to energy conservation efforts and environmental remediation. It can be a significant tool in the global campaign to avoid use of hazardous substances, such as metal ions, organic solvents, and complexes in metal–organic chemistry. MOFs with porosity and crystalline nature offer structural tunability via

High-valent iron-oxo species are ubiquitous in nature and are present at the active site of several metalloenzymes which perform challenging organic transformations. Mimicking these metalloenzyme reactivities is one of the growing areas of research, and over the last two decades, tremendous progress has been made to mimic both the structure and function of various heme and non-heme metalloenzymes.

Agostic interaction refers to the bonding between a coordinatively unsaturated metal atom and its ligand, and is characterized by the drawing of the ligand towards the metal. The most important type of agostic interaction in organometallic chemistry is the C-H⋯Metal coordination that has the capability of activating the inert C–H bond in transition metal complexes. While the existence of such CH⋯M

Having three equatorial phenolates and one axial amine, triphenolamines are useful tetradentate ligands with unique trigonal bipyramidal geometry, in particular for early transition metals. Over the past decades, various triphenolamine ligands with different electronic and steric properties, and their transition metal complexes have been reported, including asymmetric and chiral variants. Early transition

The chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) from metal chalcogenide NCs to perovskite NCs is discussed in this review. Particular emphasis is directed toward the structure, synthesis, and the surface chemistry of NCs. In addition, this review provides exhaustive insights into the advantages and disadvantages of perovskite NCs, as well as gives perspectives for the future possible researching

Highly efficient luminescent materials have garnered considerable interest due to their special photophysical properties and potential applications. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a photophysical phenomenon, in which concentrated or aggregated molecules produce enhanced light emission. In this review, we will introduce recent articles from the exciting area of AIE over the past five years, including

The present study addresses existing data on the affinity and conjugation of sulfhydryl (thiol; -SH) groups of low- and high-molecular-weight biological ligands with mercury (Hg). The consequences of these interactions with special emphasis on pathways of Hg toxicity are highlighted. Cysteine (Cys) is considered the primary target of Hg, and link its sensitivity with thiol groups and cellular damage

Deprotonated carboxamidate ‘N’ donors have been extensively explored as ligands to support metal ions with unusual higher oxidation states. Their ability to serve as both σ and π-electron donor, being resistant to oxidation and provide exceptional hydrolytic stability to a coordinated metal ion has altogether enhanced the broad applicability of carboxamidate ligands in bio-mimetic catalysis. Although

Polyolefins account for two thirds by weight of the global synthetic polymers. There are more than 300 grades of commercial polyolefins, whose properties depend on their microstructures being varied according to the type of catalyst used in the production process and ultimately on the final method of manufacture. Despite having catalytic activities not higher than those of common catalysts, vanadium-based

As a first-row transition metal, vanadium can undergo numerous hydrolytic and chemical reactions in eukaryotic cells under physiological conditions. In model membrane systems, vanadium compounds interact with the lipid surfactants and either partially or fully penetrate the lipid interface. In eukaryotic cells, vanadium compounds interact with the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and drive signaling by

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived materials receive growing attention for fine chemical synthesis due to their versatile tunability and high catalytic activity, further, the MOF-derived materials allow high controllability in the design of catalyst systems for organic reactions. This review provides an overview of this fast-developing research field and presents how catalysts can be designed

The Redox Transmetallation/Protolysis (RTP) reaction is a convenient, one-pot synthetic route to novel highly reactive lanthanoid complexes. This review encompasses and summarizes the various lanthanoid complexes that have been prepared by the RTP method and is organized by the different classes of ligands. The lanthanoid complexes formed include pyrazolates; indolates; formamidinates; amidinates;

The halogen bond is a powerful non-covalent interaction between the electron deficient sigma-hole region of a group 17 halogen element covalently bonded to electron withdrawing groups, and a Lewis base. The use of halogen bonding (XB) in anion recognition chemistry has rapidly expanded in recent decades, with a diverse range of host systems available for the selective complexation and detection of

With the development of oncology and bioanalytical chemistry, liquid biopsy emerges as their fruit and manages to bring perspective chance of healthcare. To date, several typical biomarkers (i.e circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, circulating nuclei acids, etc) have been well-established as promising targets of liquid biopsy, and numerous methods, of which optical and electrochemical methods

Unconventional computing and artificial photosynthesis seem to be completely unrelated fields of research. However, both technologies try to sustain the development of our civilization despite the flood of information and limited energy resources. In this review, we will show that the same materials – namely organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites and other iodine-based semiconductors – are materials

Molecules with second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have received a lot of attention in the last twenty years due to their potential use in photonic devices. In order to have a large second-order NLO response, a compound should not be centrosymmetric, it should have low energy charge-transfer transitions and there should be a large difference between the excited state and ground state dipole

Synthetic chiral polymers play an increasing and prominent role in the field of material science due to special properties different from traditional polymer materials. One distinctive way to prepare well-defined chiral polymers is based on asymmetric kinetic resolution polymerization (AKRP), in which stereoregularity introduced to a polymer chain via kinetic resolution of a racemate preferentially

Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) represent a growing field of materials that are receiving widespread attention due to their fascinating structures, intriguing properties, and applications across many disciplines. This review seeks to demonstrate the scope of MOF chemistry which uses the full breadth of the periodic table, whether those elements act as the metals that form the connecting nodes of the