This work demonstrated a smart route of biomass-derived glucose conversion in a biphasic aqueous deep eutectic solvent (DES), which was formed by glucose, ChCl, water, and co-solvent EtAc. Four kinds of value-added furan chemicals, including 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 5-(Acetyloxy) methyl furfural (AMF), 5-Chloromethylfurfural (CMF) and 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) were successfully synthesized

Reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions will have a positive impact on the environment by preventing adverse effects of global warming. To achieve an eco-environment, the primary source of energy needs to shift from fossil fuels to clean renewable energy. Thus, increased utilization of renewable energy overtime reduces air pollution and contributes to securing sustainable energy supply to satisfy

The single–diode model is widely used for the analysis of photovoltaic systems and reproducing accurately the I–V curve. Numerical or analytical methods can be employed to estimate the model parameters, among them explicit methods are well assessed providing precise results and low computational complexity, thus suitable to be developed on embedded systems. Due to their approximated nature, the accuracy

Biofuel can become a promising sustainable energy resource in India by substituting conventional fossil fuels. However, the biofuel industry is still in its initial stage due to barriers in technical, economic, social, and regulatory dimensions. In this study, thirty-eight barriers to the sustainable development of biofuels were explored by reviewing the literature and expert opinions. Then, an integrated

Aiming toward a scalable continuous electrochemical production of valeric acid, the mutual insolubility of valeric acid with the aqueous reaction medium of levulinic acid and the aqueous electrolyte are investigated in order to assess the possibility for an integrated product separation based on the liquid–liquid equilibrium of the system. The influence of the electrolyte concentration in the mixture

The economics of CO2 utilization are discussed from a critical perspective, with a concise analysis of the state-of-the-art of economics in power-to-X (methanol, methane). The main elements of the analysis of the economics are commented to provide guidelines on how to interpret the techno-economic results in the area of CO2 utilization. It remarks the need of a careful analysis of the specific context

Aerobic and anaerobic storage of wood chips from coniferous forest residues, coniferous energy roundwood and short rotation coppice were investigated regarding dry matter losses, energy losses and changes in fuel properties using several approaches, i.e. a field trial with 90 m3 wood chip piles, small-scale storage containers (0.5 m3) incl. greenhouse gas measurements and miniature bunker silos (1

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There is a growing interest in photosynthetic microorganisms for converting solar energy to electricity aiming at practical application. Despite extensive research, existing methods are suffered from limited photocurrent. Here we report that appreciable photocurrent can be generated in a photo‐bioelectrochemical cell (PBEC) where reduced graphene oxide‐coated ITO electrode is used as an anode and wild

The undesired internal shuttling of soluble polysulfide intermediates (Li2Sn , 2 < n ≤ 8) remains the primary challenge hindering the development of lithium–sulfur (Li‒S) batteries. Engineering and functionalizing the cathode structure to trap Li2Sn is a straightforward approach to address this issue. Metal‐organic framework (MOF) derived materials are applausive candidate host materials of sulfur

The development of high‐performance transition metal–based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is paramount for electrochemical secondary metal‐air batteries and water splitting. Two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanosheets have recently emerged as a novel class of efficient electrocatalysts for the OER due to a high specific surface area, ultrasmall thickness

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Herein, a Na quasi‐intercalation concept in black P is developed in order to achieve superior P‐based Na‐ion battery (NIB) anodes. Firstly, black P with a puckered layer structure is synthesized via a simple solid‐state reaction using commercially available red P. Additionally, an amorphous carbon modified black P nanocomposite (black P@C) is prepared to optimize its electrochemical Na reversibility

Lithium‐oxygen (Li‐O2) batteries have the highest known theoretical energy density but are still not practical for use in most applications. A key aspect that has been largely overlooked is how to improve the reversible areal capacity of the air cathode to a competitive level (> 5 – 10 mAh cm‐2). For carbon‐based air cathodes, increase of areal capacity requires a corresponding increase of carbon mass

In the present study, a large-area hybrid gamma imaging system was designed by adopting coded aperture imaging on the basis of a large-area Compton camera to achieve high imaging performance throughout a broad energy range (100–2000 keV). The system consisting of a tungsten coded aperture mask and monolithic NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors was designed through a series of Geant4 Monte Carlo radiation

Advancements in electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) technology require the concomitant use of novel efficient electrode materials and viable electrode manufacturing methods. Cost-effectiveness, scalability and sustainability are key-drivers for fulfilling product development chain accepted by worldwide legislations. Herein, we report a scalable and sprayable “green” electrode material-based

Based on Markowitz mean-variance theoretical model (MV), the energy portfolio optimization problem has been extensively studied to obtain the optimal strategies of energy resource allocations and achieve the efficient usages and productions of energy. However, MV leads to the optimal energy portfolios infeasible without consideration of uncertainties. Meanwhile, dealing with the uncertain input parameters

Multi-energy flow (MEF) analysis is the most fundamental issue in studying multi-energy carrier (MEC) systems. In the tight coupling MEC systems, the unified energy flow analysis is indispensable to tackle the problems of accuracy and in decomposition. Therefore, on the basis of the comprehensive node classification and modified Jacobian matrix, this paper proposes a unified energy flow analysis approach

Extraction of kinetic energy from the chimney flue gases for power generation using ducted turbine system is an innovative idea. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the Energy Recovery Ducted Turbine System (ERDT) system for power generation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based analysis has been carried out to study the effect of number of blades and diffuser angle on the performance

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) power performance strongly depends on the biofilm growth, which in turn is affected by the feed flow rate. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach has been used to simulate the effect of the flow rate on the power output by ceramic MFCs fed with neat human urine. To this aim, three different second-order algorithms were used to train our network and then

Operational risk evaluation for chillers is beneficial for reducing building energy wastage. An accurate reference model can significantly improve the evaluation performance. This paper presents a novel framework for developing and applying the reference model by integrating density clustering and deep learning. Unsupervised density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is adopted

The active distribution network becomes more stochastic due to high penetration of renewable energy sources, and it can transfer surplus power for transmission needs. If the distribution optimization problem collaborates with the conventional transmission expansion formulation, the coordination can also postpone the investment decisions for the transmission network, not only optimize the operation

A bio-syngas, produced from wood biomass gasification, is used with a small reciprocated spark ignition engine for higher thermal efficiency. In this experiment, as the knocking doesn’t occur even though the ignition timing is 70 deg-BTDC (before top dead center), the MBT, most-advanced for best torque ignition timing, couldn’t be determined. This phenomena, without knocking combustion, are reported

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an energy saving and environmentally friendly technique for wastewater treatment. Sludge adsorption is an important process after organics enter the anammox reactor. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of anammox sludge play a key role on the activity of anammox. This study utilized Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS)

CO2 methanation, as a power-to-gas technology, is considered to be an important method to secure energy supply by utilizing CO2 and H2 gases. In this study, a 0.2 kWCH4 bench-scale fluidized bed reactor was used for CO2 methanation using approximately 13 kg nickel-based catalyst to investigate the effect of temperature, gas velocity, and H2/CO2 ratio on CO2 conversion, CH4 purity, and CH4 selectivity

Electricity consumption plays a significant role in increasing the share of total energy consumption worldwide and has a close association with the economy. This research analyzes the factors in two ways. First, this study estimates the electricity consumption in Pakistan during 1989-2018 using Index Decomposition Analysis between share of electricity consumption, economic development, energy intensity

As one of the pivotal aspects for the flexible generation, the technique of long-term stable low-load operation plays an important role in the increasing scale of renewable energy power connected into grid, but it is still unable to be fully realized. Based on the unique capacity of circulating fluidized bed (CFB), including huge energy storage capacity and combustion method, the research on the long-term

Investment in new generation capacity is considerably affected by issues such as regulatory-determined incentives, techno-economic uncertainties and financial risks. In addition, increased penetration of renewables such as wind capacities resulting in decreased market prices, leads to the augmented risk of investing in conventional generations such as thermal technologies, which may hamper generation

In this manuscript we evaluate the potential of photovoltaic systems to meet some dedicated energy demand in specific geographic locations. Our approach is based on location-specific constraints rather than on pre-established, location-independent methodologies or assumptions. First, we propose that a thorough analysis of the socio-economic and technical possibilities of a location must act as the

Accurate heating consumption prediction is the key to achieve on-demand heating in a heating system. A prediction model needs to go through the steps of data cleaning, model establishment and effect evaluation before being applied. Currently, there is no universal supplement method for missing data, and the evaluation method is based on the error between the predicted and the actual value, if the actual

Electric vehicles are gradually finding their position as an alternative to fossil fuel vehicles. To accelerate the replacement process, a number of new infrastructural facilities such as charging stations (CS) have to be widely deployed. In order to encourage the private sector to invest in this area, it is necessary to introduce a combination of business and technical model for CS that comprises

Energy loss induced by non‐radiative recombinations plays a critical role in determining power conversion efficiencies in perovskite solar cells, while device stability impacts their long‐time reliability in the ambient environment. However, it is an important challenge to suppress energy loss and improve device stability simutaneously. Here, we report an interfacial layer of triphenylamine (TPA) :polystyrene