The running state of the hybrid tram and the service life of fuel cell stacks are related to the fault diagnosis strategy of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. In order to accurately detect various fault types, a novel method is proposed to classify the different health states, which is composed of simulated annealing genetic algorithm fuzzy c-means clustering (SAGAFCM) and deep

Solar thermal-driven thermochemical H2O and CO2 splitting offers a carbon-neutral path to produce feedstocks for synthetic fuel production such as hydrogen or synthesis gas. This paper assesses research outcomes for perovskite materials in two-step thermochemical cycles. Experimental, computational and thermodynamic studies are summarized and critically discussed, identifying key attributes for future

The efforts on energy system decarbonization and improved sustainable energy efficiency in developed countries led energy enthusiasts to explore alternative highly effective pathways in accomplishing these goals. Specifically, the transition from hydrocarbon to H2 economy using fuel cells and H2 technologies is a sustainable and favorable approach forward in meeting stationary, transportation, industrial

Residential consumers have electrical and thermal loads. Therefore they can be utilized hybrid thermal and electrical energy systems to procure their required energy. In the proposed system, in order to supply residential loads, a hybrid energy system (HES) is proposed which consists of photovoltaic/solid oxide fuel cell/thermal and electrical storages/boiler. Also, the uncertain parameters such as

Explosion risk analysis (ERA) is an effective method to investigate potential accidents in hydrogen production facilities. The ERA suffers from significant hydrogen dispersion-explosion scenario-related parametric uncertainty. To better understand the uncertainty in ERA results, thousands of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) scenarios need to be computed. Such a large number of CFD simulations are

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is one of the most promising fuels with high calorific value and low specific GHG emissions that offers several advantages as an energy carrier for power generation. In this paper, a novel polygeneration concept based on LNG fired plant for power, cooling and drinking water production in island systems is presented. Two Solid Oxide Fuel Cell based energy systems (one simple

Hydrogen/methane buoyant fires with various hydrogen volume fractions ranging from 0% to 20% were numerically studied in this paper. The modified eddy dissipation concept combustion model for multi-fuels in the large eddy simulation (LES) framework was employed for combustion, and especially the infinitely fast rate based on “global” concept was improved. Combined with the weighted sum of gray gas

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials (MgH2) are promising hydrogen carrier due to the high gravimetric hydrogen density; however, the undesirable thermodynamic stability and slow kinetics restrict its utilization. In this work, we assist the de/hydrogenation of MgH2 via in situ formed additives from the conversion of an MgNi2 alloy upon de/hydrogenation. The MgH2–16.7 wt%MgNi2 composite was synthesized

The hydrogen gas sensing properties of carbon-doped ZnO nanotube has been theoretically investigated by employing first-principles density functional theory in combination with non-equilibrium Green's function. The figure of merits is creating the new states in ZnO nanotube structure by adding carbon substitution for an oxygen site. The calculation of adsorption energy indicates strong chemical adsorption

Steel slag, a waste from steelmaking plant, has been proven to be good candidate resources for low-cost calcium-based CO2 sorbent derivation. In this work, a cheap and sintering-resistance CaO-based sorbent (CaO (SS)) was prepared from low cost waste steel slag and was applied to enhance catalytic steam reforming of coke oven gas for production of high-purity hydrogen. This steel slag-derived CaO possessed

Photo-fermentation seems to be an attractive hydrogen production pathway. However, the light conversion efficiency and photo-hydrogen production of purple non-sulphur bacteria (PNSB) are very low, and hence, various biotechnological approaches are investigated to improve biohydrogen production. This article presents an overview of the advanced biotechnological approaches to enhance the photo-fermentative

Element replacement and mechanical milling are considered as the most effective ways to improve Mg-based alloys in their hydrogen storage performance. The as-milled La7RE3Mg80Ni10 (RE = Sm, Ce) alloys were prepared in this experiment by introducing both element replacement (replacing La by Ce or Sm partially) and mechanical milling technologies. The influence made by different replacing elements on

In the present research, the corrosion resistance of Ni–P and Ni–P–Cr coatings on AA7075-T6 aluminum plates under simulated anodic and cathodic conditions of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) has been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three Ni–P coatings 20 μm, 30 μm, and 40 μm thick applied by electroless deposition were tested. Besides, a two-layer Ni–P–Cr coating

The activity of catalyst could be enhanced by the temperature rising, so it is a suitable way to reduce the noble metal loading for the catalyst. However, the corrosion of carbon supports will be remarkable in the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC, >100 °C). This report demonstrated a novel Ti3C2Tx and CNT hybrid material as the catalytic support, and Pt nanowires (Pt NWs)

Various types of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles, often called carbon dots (CDs), are synthesized by different polycondensation methods: microwave irradiation, hydrothermal conditions or solution chemistry at ambient temperature with subsequent chemical functionalization. The CDs are deposited on TiO2 films to be probed as electron transport layers in perovskite photovoltaics and the anode for photoelectrochemical

A critical factor for the performance of a biofuel cell is an immobilization of the redox enzyme for continuous catalytic reaction and efficient electron transfer. However, the main obstacle associated with enzyme electrode is the reduced surface area for the accommodation of enzymes, leading to poor power output. This study aimed to optimize the efficient electrical communication for glucose oxidase

To explore the impact of the changes in pretreatment and combustion conditions on PM10 emissions reduction caused by the combination of water washing and carbonisation (T-W: water washing after torrefaction; W-T: torrefaction after water washing; and HTC: hydrothermal carbonisation) during rice straw combustion, a long leaching time (24 h), large water to biomass ratio (40:1), and oxy-fuel conditions

Abstract Densification and pyrolysis are two methods to upgrade biomass. To avoid ash fusion problems, NH4H2PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 were chosen as additives to mix with maize straw to produce biochar briquettes. Potassium transformation mechanisms between additives and biomass in pyrolysis were investigated by XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, and simulation. Results show that additives accelerate the production of potassium

Geostationary satellites offer the possibility of producing high-frequency time series irradiance datasets, covering a large geographical area. Here, we derive half-hourly global irradiance (GHI) at 4 km spatial resolution from visible channel radiance of INSAT-3D satellite using a semi-empirical model and validate it against 19 ground stations over 2015–16, across India. Our model uses the Advanced

The urgent need to decarbonise energy supplies has prompted exponential growth of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems across the world. As the penetration of renewable energy sources increases, the need to accurately forecast electricity output heightens to ensure efficient energy system operation. While exposure to high temperatures and moisture are known to significantly reduce PV panel efficiency, the

Controlling solar spectra via the careful design could realize the optimized utilization of energy. Especially for spectrally selective solar absorbers, achieving the appropriate transition wavelength can boom conversion efficiency for a certain application under the consideration of cost. Here, we experimentally demonstrated a kind of WTa-SiO2 cermet based absorbers with transition wavelength of around

Thermal storage system with flat plate solar collector is performed in Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt, at Latitude of 30.56° N and Longitude of 31.01° E. The thermal storage system consists of insulated water tank, recirculation pump and flat plate solar collector to collect the solar energy and store it as a sensible energy. The measurements have been conducted from

The application of greenhouse technologies is rapidly expanding in China and other regions of the world with the continental climate. Such technologies are characterized by a considerable consumption of fossil fuels, especially in winter periods. Various renewable energy technologies are used to reduce the energy demand in greenhouses, including solar heating. Simpler designs of water or air solar

Concentrating Photovoltaic technology is a promising option in power generation using the photovoltaics compared to the conventional flat PV system. This study investigates the performance of a high concentrated photovoltaic single solar cell module attached to a multi-layered microchannel heat sink. The system has been tested the first time experimentally both at indoor and outdoor conditions. The

It is an important strategy to improve the performance of polymer solar cells (PSCs) by incorporating metal nanoparticles into functional layers. Herein, gold (Au)@titanium dioxide (TiO2) plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles (PCSNPs) are synthesized and doped into zinc oxide (ZnO) as hybrid electron transport layer in PSCs. Improved light trapping and electrical conductivity are achieved through localized

Solar pond utilizes a salinity gradient to trap thermal energy in the storage zone. The stored heat can be employed for several potential applications. A transient analysis is carried out to investigate the effect of various parameters such as variation of the thickness of zones, ground conditions, and surface losses on the temperature development of solar pond. The numerical model is validated with

Most historical sites in archaeological museums have an inorganic origin. According to the specifications prescribed in CIE 157: 2004, these inorganic collections are light-insensitive and can be preserved in an environment without any light restrictions. Roof skylights are therefore widely used in archaeological museums in China to provide natural lighting and reduce lighting energy consumption. However

This paper investigated the energy performance of window attachments and analyzed the impact of window attachments’ parameters on air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in a cooling-dominated city (Houston) and a heating-dominated city (Minneapolis). Roller and cellular shades were selected as research objects in this study. Nine parameters related to window attachment energy

The synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of Li[N(SiMe 3 )(SO 2 R F )] (R F = CF 3 , n ‐C 4 F 9 ) as well their behavior as electrolyte additive in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is reported. The lithium salts were obtained by deprotonation of the corresponding acids HN(SiMe 3 )(SO 2 R F ) with n ‐butyllithium in n ‐pentane. The electrochemical investigations suggested potential

It is generally believed that the re‐stacking of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets limits the electrochemical energy storage. Therefore, rGO based electrodes are usually designed to be low compact porous and fluffy structures. However, fluffy structures could reduce the conductance, structure stability and cycling stability of electrodes. Here, to balance the contradiction, three electrodes with

The first electroanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of the colorant sunset yellow (SY) and the sweetener aspartame (AS) in commercial food samples is proposed using flow injection analysis coupled to multiple‐pulse amperometry (FIA‐MPA) and an anodically pretreated boron‐doped diamond electrode (APT‐BDDE). Dual potential waveforms are applied as a function of time: E det.1 = 1.30

The development of earth-abundant and cost-effective electro-catalysts at the air cathodes for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) with sluggish kinetics are central to the overall performance of rechargeable metal-air batteries, remaining an issue that is gaining increasing interest in recent years. Herein, we report a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon supported clustered CoOx

In this work, highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in n-i-p configuration has been fabricated. Application of poly (4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) interlayer into the perovskite films via solution based process and quaternary semiconductor Cu2MSnS4 (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) (CMTS) nanostructure particles as an inorganic hole transporting material (HTM), result in modified perovskite surface