PEP-1b is a novel immunoregulatory protein isolated from Pleurotus eryngii, a popular edible mushroom. In this study, iTRAQ approach and bioinformatics analysis were utilized to characterize the PEP 1b-induced proteome alterations in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells, so as to comprehensively excavate the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunoregulatory effects of PEP 1b. Compared with the control group

Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis are well-known for their high insecticidal activities against Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera; however, their activities against Aphididae are very low. Recently, it has been reported that a Cry41-related toxin exhibited moderate activity against the aphid Myzus persicae, and thus it is highly desirable to uncover its unique mechanism. In this paper

ABSTRACT: In spite of modern crop protection measures, the overall crop losses due to pests and pathogens are huge. Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum are one of the most devastating soil borne fungi and causes numbers of plant diseases. Therefore, the present study was aimed to systematically design and develop new nano-fungicides based on imidazole

Sulfoxaflor, a sulfoximine insecticide, could efficiently control many insect pests of sap-feeding. Microbial degradation of sulfoxaflor and the enzymatic mechanism involved haven’t been studied to date. A bacterial isolate JW2 that transforms sulfoxaflor to X11719474 was isolated, and was identified as Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253. Both the recombinant Escherichia coli strain harboring the Aminobacter

The rise of environmental and health concerns due to the excessive use of the conventional fungicide urge for the sustainable alternatives of agronanofungicides, where the latter is aimed to enhance plant uptake and minimize the volatilization, leaching, and runoff of fungicide. With this in mind, fungicides of hexaconazole and/or dazomet were encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles for the formulation

This study aimed to determine the anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of Cerasus humilis polyphenol (CHP) in C57BL/6 obese mice and 3T3-L1 cells. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was used for the qualitative and quantitative identification of CHP components. The obese mice, induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD), were treated with CHP (250 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 12 weeks. Orlistat was gavaged at 15.6 mg/kg bw/day

LTFPGSAED (P7) is a multifunctional hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic lupin peptide. While assessing its ACE-inhibitory activity, it was more effective in intestinal Caco-2 cells (IC50 13.7 µM) than in renal HK-2 cells (IC50 79.6 µM). This discrepancy was explained by the metabolic transformation mediated by intestinal peptidases, which produced two main detected peptides, TFPGSAED and LTFPG. Indeed

Carbazole is an essential building block in various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, natural products, and others. For future sustainability, it is highly desirable to synthesize carbazole derivatives directly from renewable resources or cheap raw materi-als. Phenolic compounds are a class of degradation products of lignin. On the other hand, ammonia is a very cheap industrial inorganic chemical. Herein

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether whole raw milk originating from Holstein dairy cows affected by lameness alters its composition. Twenty healthy control cows and 6 cows diagnosed with lameness were selected out of 100 sampled cows in a nested case control study at 2 wks postpartum and whole raw milk samples were collected and analyzed with DI/LC-MS/MS and NMR. In total, 168 metabolites

Chirality plays an important role in flavor research. This will be outlined using selected examples from the key areas analysis, authenticity assessment, biogenesis and odor perception. Developments of analytical techniques, in particular the use of chiral stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography, enabled the determination of naturally occurring configurations of chiral volatiles at trace

Microbial transformations of two tetracyclic beyerane-type diterpenes, ent-16β-oxobeyeran-19-oic acid (1) and its chemical reduction product, ent-16β-hydroxybeyeran-19-oic acid (2), by the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 8688a yielded eight metabolites (3–10). Incubation of the substrate 2 with C. echinulata afforded three new hydroxylated ones (3–5) along with two known ones (6–7)

Here a reliable and sensitive method for the determination of 38 (modified) mycotoxins was developed. Using a QuEChERS-based extraction method (acetonitrile/water/formic acid (75:20:5, v/v/v)), followed by two runs of high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with different conditions, relevant mycotoxins in cereals were analyzed. The method was validated according to the performance

Novel binary composite UF/PBS (urea-formaldehyde/poly(butylene succinate)) and its ternary nanocomposite UF/PBS/MKP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) were prepared by a simple and scalable reactive extrusion approach using methylolurea (MU), PBS and MKP as the raw materials. The results show that MUs react by melt polycondensation to form UFs with different polymerization degrees at the high temperature

Microalgae are primary producers with multiple nutrients in aquatic environments, and mostly have applications in biological feed and fuel industry. There are few studies assessing the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition potential of Isochrysis zhanjiangensis, other than its anti-oxidant potential. In this study, we evaluated a peptide from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis (PIZ, FEIHCC), and

A novel nucleic acid isothermal amplification method based on saltatory rolling circle amplification (SRCA) for the rapid and visual detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in apple juice was established. Fourteen A. acidoterrestris strains and 44 non-A. acidoterrestris strains were used to confirm the specificity. The sensitivity of SRCA was 4.5 × 101 CFU/mL by observing the white precipitate

Squalene synthase (SQS) catalyzes the conversion of two farnesyl pyrophosphates to squalene, an important intermediate in between isoprene and valuable triterpenoids. In this study we have constructed a novel biosynthesis pathway for squalene in Bacillus subtilis and performed metabolic engineering aiming at facilitating further exploitation and production of squalene-derived triterpenoids. Therefore

As emerging alternatives of legacy perfluoroalkyl substances, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonates (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and perfluorophosphinates (C6/C6 and C8/C8 PFPiAs) are supposed to be partitioned to soil and highly persistent in the environment. The uptake of novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by plants represents a potential pathway

This study aims to determine whether sodium butyrate (SB) could antagonize deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal epithelial dysfunction. In a four-week feeding trial, twenty-eight barrows were randomly divided into four treatments: 1) uncontaminated basal diet (control); 2) 4 mg/kg DON-contaminated diet (DON); 3) basal diet supplemented with 0.2% SB (SB); 4) 4 mg/kg DON + 0.2% SB (DON+SB). A decrease

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) catalyzes the formation of acyl-CoAs from free fatty acids, which is pivotal for lipid metabolism. Here, we confirmed the presence of six CzLACS genes in Chromochloris zofingiensis. Functional complementation and in vitro enzymatic assay indicated that CzLACS2 through CzLACS5 rather than CzLACS1 or CzLACS6 are bona fide LACS enzymes and they have overlapping yet

Phosphorylation is a widespread post-translational protein modification, important in various biological processes. However, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) phosphoproteins have not been explored systematically in human milk. Here, we used quantitative phosphoproteomics to analyze phosphorylation sites in human MFGM proteins, and their differences at different stages of lactation; 305 phosphorylation

Tyrosol is a pharmacologically active phenolic compound widely used in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Microbial fermentation has potential value as an environmentally friendly approach to tyrosol production but suffers from low tyrosol yields and the need for expensive media additives. In this study, Escherichia coli MG1655 was modified by integrating an E. coli codon-optimized version

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are homo-tetrameric intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release channels responsible for excitation-contraction coupling of muscle cells. Diamide insecticides specifically act on RyRs of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pests, and are safe for non-targeted organisms, generating big worldwide sales. Despite their popularity, several devastating agricultural pests have been reported to

The color of apple skin, particularly anthocyanin-based coloration, is a key factor determining market acceptance. The mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in apples with different skin color patterns (i.e., striped and blushed) were analyzed. In total, 14 anthocyanins and 5 procyanidins were simultaneously assayed in red blushed-skin mutants (CF-B1 and CF-B2) and red striped-skin parents (CF-S1