Abstract The ongoing demand for the development of intelligent devices has greatly inspired the development of metallic nanostructure incorporated composite electrospun mats. The astounding characteristics of the metallic nanoparticle-loaded hybrid assemblies, such as antimicrobial, charge transfer, energy storage, etc., have been known to precisely contribute to the target applications with enhanced

Abstract Recent progress on branched polymer membranes as electrolyte materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications has attracted interest due to the limitations of commercially available Nafion® membranes. Branched polymer membranes have shown improved chemical stability, proton conductivity, and good solubility. The branching degree and the structure of the branching agent

Abstract Electrospun nanofibrous membranes offer superior properties over other polymeric membranes not only due to their high membrane porosity but also due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. A plethora of available polymers and post-modification methods allow the incorporation of "smart" responsiveness in fiber membranes. The pH-responsive property is achieved using polymers from the class of

Abstract The interest in porous organic materials derived from norbornenes is driven by versatile chemistry of norbornenes, fine-tunable structure of these polymers, high accessible surface area, and large free volume of polynorbornenes for technical applications in adsorption, membrane separation, gas storage, and heterogeneous catalysis. This comprehensive review surveys recent research trends in

Abstract This review provides a detailed overview of the latest developments using nanoscale strategies in the field of polymeric and polymer nanocomposite materials for emerging dielectric capacitor-based energy storage applications. Among the various energy storage devices, solid-state dielectric capacitors possess the advantage of high-power density which makes them highly attractive for pulsed

Abstract Reactive additives allow to adapt the properties of thermoplastic polymers during processing and for their later use. The chemical modification using multifunctional epoxide styrene-acrylic chain extenders (CE) in reactive processes is by now an established method to prevent degradation and to improve the process ability as well as the final properties of thermoplastics. One of the most common

Abstract This review presents the current state-of-knowledge concerning thermoresponsive copolymers containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The thermoresponsive copolymers based on HEMA, HEMA derivatives, and copolymers with modified HEMA units in the chain studied so far are presented. Information about their transition temperature in dilute water or buffer solution and the influence of various

Abstract Organic rubbers, comprising carbon–carbon links in their polymer backbone, are an essential part of modern everyday life. Tough, their unique properties are mainly governed by reinforcing fillers such as carbon black and silica. However, the reinforcing power is not only driven by the chemical nature of fillers but also by their particle size, shape, distribution and dispersion. In order to

Abstract This manuscript summarizes the extensive research and new advancements on gelatin and gelatin-based nanocomposites. In the first part, various modifications including physical, chemical, and enzymatic modifications of gelatin were summarized, with an emphasis on the effect of these modifications on their structures and properties. Recently, many gelatin-based nanocomposites have been prepared

Abstract This paper provides a review of recent developments in the rapidly changing and advancing field of textile-based flexible pressure sensors. It summarizes the basic principles and approaches employed when building textile-based pressure sensors as well as the most commonly used materials and techniques. The textile pressure sensor is a promising candidate for the next-generation sensing platform

Abstract In this review, the recent developments on centrifugal spinning and characteristics of centrifugally-spun fibers are reviewed. In recent years, there have been great efforts to develop high performance materials for different applications including energy storage, tissue engineering, drug delivery and aerosol filtration. The performance of these materials is greatly influenced by the material

Abstract Typically, polymeric materials experience material degradation and damage over time in harsh environments. Improved understanding of the physical and chemical processes associated with possible damage modes intended in high-pressure hydrogen gas exposed atmospheres will help to select and develop materials well suited for applications fulfilling future energy demands in hydrogen as an energy

Abstract Elastomer foams have been widely used in many applications and have shown potential in some advanced fields because of their excellent flexibility. Elastomers foamed with a physical blowing agent solve the problems of traditional chemical foaming, endow elastomer foams with advantages of environmental-friendly features, uniform cell structure, adjustable material properties, and high processing

Abstract In recent decades, the role of poly(dopamine) in governing mussel adhesion has been gradually understood and exploited as a novel bio-mimicking adhesion concept. In parallel, the polysaccharide materials present a broad class of functional materials ranging from macro- to nanoscale components with broad variety in chemical structure, morphology and reactivity. The cross-over between both research

Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC), associated with hydroxyapatite (HA), is a hybrid scaffold that shows promise for use in bone tissue engineering, owing to its osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties. The hybrid material, constituted of organic and inorganic phases, can be produced by in situ or ex situ routes via three main processes: biomimetic, immersion cycles, and chemical

Abstract With very fast polymerization in mild reaction conditions and unique characteristic of double bonds in its synthesized polymer skeleton for further modification and functionalization, ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) becomes one typical processing method to obtain anion exchange membrane (AEM) for fuel cells. In this paper, AEMs prepared by ROMP are reviewed. Polycyclooctene and

Abstract With the development of electronic communication technology, the issues of electromagnetic (EM) wave pollution have become increasingly prominent, and the requirements for EM wave absorbing materials are rising. Polypyrrole (PPy), an important type of conductive polymers, has attracted increasing attention in the applications of EM wave absorbing due to their facile synthesis process, low

Abstract Conducting polyaniline (PANI) brings together the electrical conductivity of metals with intriguing properties of plastics including facile processing as well as controllable chemical and physical properties. The nanoscaled PANI has attracted intense interest in various fields owing to the great physicochemical features including high conductivity, facile preparation, and fascinating redox

Abstract Conducting polyaniline (PANI) brings together the electrical conductivity of metals with intriguing properties of plastics including facile processing as well as controllable chemical and physical properties. The nanoscaled PANI has attracted intense interest in various fields owing to the great physicochemical features including high conductivity, facile preparation, and fascinating redox

Abstract Polyamides (PAs) are repeatedly exposed to environments of varying humidity throughout their service life. Due to their hygroscopic nature, moisture diffusion can alter the polymer properties, sometimes irreversibly. It has been previously found that the effect of transport of water on the structure, morphology, and physical properties of polymers is not negligibly small. In certain semi-crystalline

Abstract The ongoing interest of researchers in bioderived polylactide (PLA) is due to the current tendency to replace petroleum-based plastics with polymers from renewable resources. Polylactide fits this trend because of its mechanical properties resembling those of some petroleum-based polymers commonly applied in daily life and because of its degradability. Added value is the excellent biocompatibility

Abstract During the past ten years, the performance of polymeric field-effect transistors has been largely improved, not only in mobility but also in durability. Among the factors contributed to such improvements, side-chain engineering plays an important role. Various techniques, such as branch point adjustment, hydrogen-bonding introduction and the incorporation of other functional groups in the

Abstract During the past ten years, the performance of polymeric field-effect transistors has been largely improved, not only in mobility but also in durability. Among the factors contributed to such improvements, side-chain engineering plays an important role. Various techniques, such as branch point adjustment, hydrogen-bonding introduction and the incorporation of other functional groups in the

Abstract Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) are biodegradable, compostable, and biocompatible polymers that can be produced from annually renewable resources. These properties made them popular in environmentally friendly applications, and their industrial usage and production have grown in the latest years. However, both polymers have a few drawbacks that have limited so

Abstract The synergistic effects of the combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy have implicated the critical role of hyperthermia temperatures in clinical practice. Temperature sensitive polymers, which are capable of exhibiting controllable shapes under various temperature actuations, have attracted considerable interests for designing intelligent medical devices. While shape memory performances

Abstract Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are a new type of polymer material with unique microporous structure and have been widely applied in gas separation. In recent years, PIMs have also experienced rapid growth in liquid separation and purification; however, so far, no review is reported on the application of PIMs in this field. This paper reports a comprehensive and critical review

Abstract Increasing demands in minimization of fire risks and meeting fire safety requirements by polymers require advances in knowledge of flame-retardant materials suitable for use in fire-retardancy applications. The present work represents the seminal review of alginate/polymer-based materials as flame retardants. Alginates are suitable for this application as they represent alternatives to petroleum-based

Abstract Main-chain metallopolymers are synthesized by olefin metathesis polymerizations. These polymers are mainly produced through acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The special metal moieties, metal-binding motifs, and unsaturated macromolecular backbone endow the metallopolymers with unique properties. This review highlights recent

The past few decades have seen a significant interest in the fumarate-based polymers for biomedical applications. Poly(caprolactone fumarate) (PCLF) and oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) are derivatives of polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol respectively, which are rendered cross-linkable, biodegradable, and possess tunable mechanical properties by the introduction of unsaturated fumarate

The past few decades have seen a significant interest in the fumarate-based polymers for biomedical applications. Poly(caprolactone fumarate) (PCLF) and oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) are derivatives of polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol respectively, which are rendered cross-linkable, biodegradable, and possess tunable mechanical properties by the introduction of unsaturated fumarate

In last two decades, acid doped polybenzimidazole as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) has been widely recognized and envisioned as “ideal” proton conducting materials for application in high temperature PEM fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). The majority of research and developmental work is mainly focused on poly (2,2´-m-phenylene-5,5´-bibenzimidazole), However, it is neither easy-processed nor inexpensive component

Abstract The outstanding performance of conventional thermosets arising from their covalently cross-linked networks directly results in a limited recyclability. The available commercial or close-to-commercial techniques facing this challenge can be divided into mechanical, thermal, and chemical processing. However, these methods typically require a high energy input and do not take the recycling of

Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs), owing to their environmental friendliness and non-flammability, are considered as a green class of materials for a wide spectrum of applications, like adhesives, coatings, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. However, to strengthen their thermal stability, water resistance, mechanical properties, and introduce new peculiarities to these polymers, the incorporation

Stereoregular fused thiophenes (SFTs: especially thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) and dithieo[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]thiophene (DTT)), as stable conjugated structures deriving from thiophene ring enlargement, possess outstanding properties and special configuration, such as the superior carrier transfer efficiency and a high degree backbone of planarity. In comparison to stand-alone SFTs structures, oligomers and

A high number of sport injuries result in damage to articular cartilage, a tissue type with poor self-healing capacity. Articular cartilage tissue is a sophisticated hydrogel, which contains 80% water and possesses strong mechanical properties. For this reason, synthetic hydrogels are thought to be an optimal material for cartilage regeneration. In the last decade, more than 2,000 research papers pertaining

Permeation is a combination of diffusion and sorption phenomena. The extent of permeation (gas/vapor/liquid) through a composite polymer material is a function of several factors including the composition of the polymer, the nature, distribution, and spatial orientation of the different phases in the micro-structure of the matrix polymer and those of the fillers, etc. Typically, computational techniques

This review article covers recent developments in thiol-X polymerizations as applied to the production of polymer colloidal particles. These polymerizations include thiol-ene, thiol-yne, thio-Michael, and thio-isocyanate polymerizations. Such thiol-X chemistries are facile reactions that offer high yields, rapid synthesis using mild conditions, orthogonality with other methods of organic synthesis

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have attracted intensive attention for several decades because they can endow the materials with not only good processability but also various functionalities except the electrical conductivity. It is known that the electrical resistance of the CPCs is dominated by the conductive networks in the polymer matrix. Therefore, tiny change of the conductive networks can

Oil sorbent membranes are highly effective materials in combating oil spills. Recent technological advancements in membrane preparations permit higher oil-sorption efficiency and easier oil recoverability. This review article discusses the main structural difference between the most commonly fabricated membranes. Next, it highlights the different membrane production methods and their role in producing

As a new member of the group of promising 2D materials, MXene shows the advantages including metallic conductivity, high charge carrier mobility, tunable band gap, flexibility and diverse surface chemistry, favorable optical and mechanical properties. These unique properties have drawn huge attention, and research on MXene has been intensively conducted and innovative applications have been reported

Printed sensors have been explored for more than two decades and have now gained significant interest in real-world applications due to low cost, simple and scalable fabrication processes. These sensors must satisfy the requirement of long-term usage as wearable devices, especially for health monitoring and rehabilitation purposes. However, when such devices are continuously worn on the body or implanted

Due to their unique physical and chemical features, dendronized polymers (DPs) have received increasing attention in various fields such as hierarchically structured materials, stimuli-responsive materials, catalysis, biosciences, optoelectronic devices, and so on. A large number of synthetic strategies also have been reported to prepare various functionalized DPs. Among these strategies, ring-opening

Modern medicine has undoubtedly achieved enormous progress in applying various polymer-based materials for specific applications. Despite this, there is still a need to create systems, especially on the nano-scale, that are simultaneously nontoxic, biocompatible and able to be functionalized with active biomolecules. Polyglycidol (also called polyglycerol) is biocompatible and hydrophilic polymer,

This review details the challenges with the canonical polymer swelling theory in its ability to accurately estimate realistic polymer swelling behavior. It is important to quantify this behavior since the development of new and hybrid materials with dynamic environmental response is expected to drive rapid growth and innovation in markets including biomedicine, electronics, pharmaceuticals, building

Stretchable and tough hydrogels have attracted a lot of attention due to their great potential in applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, tissue culture, etc. They can also be paired with electronic components to create artificial skin, wearable electronics, and patches. To promote the development of more hydrogels, we will summarize methods and materials that have been used to develop these

In this paper we review the literature on electrospinning of porous fibers of micron and nanoscale diameters. Selection of an appropriate polymer-solvent system can yield porous fibers due to phase separation, and different types of porosity are generated by different phase separation mechanisms. In comparison with porous polymeric fibers, production of porous inorganic fibers is much more complex:

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies enable not only faster bioconstructs development but also on-demand and customized manufacturing, offering patients a personalized biomedical solution. This emerging technique has a great potential for fabricating bioscaffolds with complex architectures and geometries and specifically tailored for use in regenerative medicine. The next major innovation in

Interlaminar fracture toughness had been the subject of great interest for several years and is still interesting to the research community. In this article, a comprehensive analysis of fracture toughness in FRP laminates is presented. Primarily, toughness studies are undertaken on glass and carbon fiber reinforced composites under mode-I and mode-II loading conditions. The fracture behavior and its

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an extracellular natural polymer produced by many microorganisms and its properties could be tailored via specific fabrication methods and culture conditions. There is a growing interest in BC derived materials due to the main features of BC such as porous fibrous structure, high crystallinity, impressive physico-mechanical properties, and high water content. However, pristine

The present article provides a review on the nonlinear mechanical behavior of polymer matrix composites (PMCs). Initially, essential mechanisms driving the nonlinear response of PMCs under different loading conditions are discussed. Rate-dependence, tension-compression asymmetry, viscous behavior, unloading characteristics, interaction between stress components and effects of environmental factors

Epoxy resin will continue to be in the forefront of many thermoset applications due to its versatile properties. However, with advancement in manufacturing, changing societal outlook for the chemical industries and emerging technologies that disrupt conventional approaches to thermoset fabrication, there is a need for a multifunctional epoxy resin that is able to adapt to newer and robust requirements

Responsive polymeric materials that are sensitive to biological stimuli including temperature, pH, enzymes, or redox conditions have attracted research interest in recent years. Among these, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymers are particularly appealing because of the special role of ROS in living organisms. ROS are the indicator and cause of certain diseases, and they are also important

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a biodegradable, water-soluble membrane that has low methanol permeation and reactive chemical functionalities. Modification of these features makes PVA an attractive proton exchange membrane (PEM) alternative to NafionTM. However, the pristine PVA membrane is a poorer proton conductor than the NafionTM membrane due to the absence of negatively charged ions. Hence, modification

Thiol chemistry is an efficient tool to manipulate the microstructure of aliphatic polyesters and open the way to different applications. Synthetic strategies that aim to synthesize thiol-functionalized aliphatic polyesters are reviewed herein. The introduction of thiol-editable groups on aliphatic polyesters can occur both at chain ends and along the chains, enabling diverse modifications of the polymeric

Phase Changing Materials (PCM) portrays proficiency to liberate perceptible amount of latent heat on the course of phase transformation between liquid-solid or solid-liquid, thereby creating momentary warmth or cooling effect. PCM has been utilized in garments for introducing thermoregulating effect to diminish thermal discomfort of clothing. Assimilation of thermal energy by PCM causes delay in upsurge

Materials based on polymer-inorganic nanostructures, e(Polym/INS), produced by combining functional polymers with inorganic nanostructured compounds represent a major area of research with many applications. This review provides a summary of the most relevant polymer-inorganic nanostructured systems found in the literature over the last decade. Then the most relevant and specific features of these

This review paper provides an overview of chromogenic polymers and their classifications, mechanisms, chemistry, synthesis procedures, and potential applications with a focus on packaging. Commonly and academically accepted classifications derived from chemical engineering, material science, and packaging science are used. Furthermore, recent progress and outputs aligned with chromogenic polymers for

Many modern technologies rely on materials with controlled surface properties. A key property in many of these applications is surface energy; specifically a low surface energy is often desired so as to impart low adhesive behavior to the materials. The fluorine–carbon bond displays low polarizability, and so fluorocarbons show high resistance to interactions with both polar and non-polar molecules

Interference and chaos among different electromagnetic signals become the prime challenge of the current era which relies on wireless communication. Effective shielding of electromagnetic interference (EMI) waves with advanced materials thus emerges as major research field to prevent cross-talking among electronic devices. This article reviews the current research status of polymer-based EMI shielding

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has attracted considerable scientific attention, thanks to its enhanced water solubility and wide range of possible chemical reactions. In the present review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge on chemical modifications of CMC, focusing specifically on the derivatization of its carboxyl functions, through “grafting onto” strategies. CMC derivatives, obtained