Abstract

The output of bio-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been growing rapidly with a substantial increase of developments both in academic and industrial research areas in the past decade, which is due to its water solubility, plasticity, and degradability. However, PVA is highly flammable with a limiting oxygen index of only 19% owning to its inherent macromolecular structure composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The demand for flame retardancy of PVA has been increased rapidly and is generally satisfied by introducing flame retardants via chemical grafting, physical blending, and coating. This review summarizes the flame retardants applied in PVA and their influence on the flammability and mechanical properties of PVA materials. The type of flame retardant additives and their application technologies for various PVA products are presented in terms of various PVA products, such as films, aerogel, fibers, foams, and bulk composites. The films dominate the whole research of flame retardant PVA materials owing to their widespread application. The fire performance and flame retardant mechanism are compared and discussed. Additionally, PVA acted as an assistant agent in some polymeric flame-retardant formulations is also discussed and reviewed.

摘要

生物基聚乙烯醇 (PVA) 的产量在过去十年中迅速增长，学术界和工业研究领域的发展大幅增加，这是由于其水溶性、可塑性和可降解性。然而，PVA由于其固有的由碳、氢和氧原子组成的大分子结构，极易燃，极限氧指数仅为19%。对PVA阻燃性的需求快速增长，一般通过化学接枝、物理共混、包覆等方式引入阻燃剂来满足。本文综述了应用于 PVA 的阻燃剂及其对 PVA 材料可燃性和机械性能的影响。针对各种PVA制品，如薄膜、气凝胶、纤维、泡沫、块状复合材料等，介绍了阻燃助剂的种类及其应用技术。由于其广泛的应用，该薄膜主导了整个阻燃PVA材料的研究。对防火性能和阻燃机理进行了比较和讨论。此外，还讨论和回顾了 PVA 在一些聚合物阻燃配方中作为助剂的作用。