In modeling the drying process of a skim milk droplet subjected to a hot gas flow, ignoring the effect of solid particles in reduction of evaporation surface before the crust formation and porosity variation within the droplet, causes the predicted surface temperature of droplet deviate from the experimental values. In the present study, a new drying model is developed in which the effects of variable

The analysis of the potential to improve performance of a methanol synthesis reactor through forced periodical operations by Nonlinear Frequency Response method is presented. The methanol synthesis in an isothermal and isobaric lab-scale CSTR is considered. First, the analysis was performed for single input modulations (in Part I), which showed that significant improvements can’t be achieved. Here

In this two-part paper a comprehensive study of the potential to improve performance criteria of a methanol synthesis reactor through forced periodical operations is presented. The study uses the Nonlinear Frequency Response method, a powerful analytical and approximate tool which gives an answer whether and under which conditions certain periodic operation would lead to improvement of process performance

In the present work, the effect of batch high shear mixer (HSM) geometries is studied on nanoparticles deagglomeration and power draw in water and aqueous glycerol solutions. The kinetics and mechanism of cluster break-up are investigated for disintegrated (less number of larger stator holes), and mesh (higher number of smaller stator holes) heads at different rotor speeds. Mesh head geometry is found

Freeze–drying produces highly hygroscopic porous materials derived from ice microstructures. Because of this feature, moisture sorption over time during storage in contact with moist air, in the worst case, induces collapse. In this study, a mathematical model of the moisture sorption kinetics applicable to glassy freeze–dried matrices is developed. The model is based on the glass transition properties

The local solid holdup in the three-phase scrubbing-cooling chamber was measured using optical fiber probes under different solid-phase properties, liquid-phase properties, and superficial gas velocities. The root-mean-square (RMS) fluctuations of the solid fraction (‾v′) were used to describe the local solid volume fraction fluctuations quantitatively. The results showed that the bubble wake is the

Multi-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation bridges the gaps between particle and reactor scales in the modeling of biomass pyrolysis. Its accuracy depends on the coupling of sub-models in different scales. Recent progresses include (a) detailed kinetics with 32 reactions and 59 species; (b) efficient intra-particle models for thermally thick particles; (c) hybrid drag models for sand

The emulsions stabilized by solid particles, Pickering emulsion, have excellent stability and are environmentally friendly compared to the emulsions stabilized by surfactants upon most occasions. The physical-chemical properties of emulsion system, such as stimuli responsive, controllable release and mechanical strength can be precisely tuned through the particle properties and preparation process

A series of bimetallic CoMo/MgO catalysts with different total metal contents from 10 up to 60 wt% and a fixed Co/Mo weight ratio of 4/1 were prepared and employed for the first time to transform real low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste into hydrogen and carbon nanomaterials through a two-stage process. The waste was thermally cracked at 500 °C to non-condensable gases which then decomposed over

Ultrasonic oscillation can be leveraged to efficiently intensify the gas-liquid mass transfer in microreactors. This work aims at revealing the gas-liquid mass transfer enhancement mechanism in zigzag ultrasonic microreactors (zigzag USMRs). A rigorous and quantitative comparison of the O2 mass transfer performance and mixing efficiency inside the liquid slug during the Taylor bubbles flowing within

This work presents a process intensification strategy for mass transfer enhancement by developing a system that provides centrifugal acceleration to a falling film microreactor (FFMR). The effective interfacial area for mass transfer was increased by modifying the liquid film at varying flow rates due to the applied centrifugal force's influence. The Nusselt and Kapitza correlations often utilized

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the coexistence of solids and vapors of Lennard–Jones methane condensed within cylindrical carbon nanopores. The simulated unit cell includes both the inside and outside of the pores. This allowed us to observe the solid–vapor coexistence within the pores while simulating the pressure depression of the bulk vapor outside the pores. The condensates

Micro-patterned membrane constructs based on neat, and nanohydroxyapatite (HA)-blended poly(ε-caprolactone) were developed using the phase separation micro-molding (PSµM) technique. Physical, chemical, thermal, mechanical and in vitro biological properties of the constructs were evaluated. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) were cultured on the surface of the patterned membranes. The effect

CO2 removal by the blended amine solution of piperazine (PZ) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) with the various molar concentration ratios in a rotating packed bed (RPB) was modelled using MATLAB linked to Aspen Plus. All the required correlations for the RPB in addition to the mass and energy balances were written in MATLAB while the demanded physical and transport properties were extracted from Aspen

Capillary phase separation (CPS) of two partially mixed Lennard-Jones (LJ) liquids in cylindrical nanopores was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The purpose of MD is not to reproduce reality, but to represent an ideal system that incorporates the effect of nanopores to compare it with a proposed thermodynamic equation. CPS is observed in the extraction equilibrium state, where extraction

The deposited ash has an important effect on the regeneration of GPF, this paper aims to study the effects of ash particle size and loading on particle emission characteristics. The results indicates that the deposited carbon black particles are easy to be blown out during heating stage and local high temperature leads to 3 orders of magnitude of emitted particles during regeneration stage. The pure

The hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene to m-phenylenediamine is a significant transformation for the synthesis of dyes and pigments in the fine chemical industry. Owing to the complexity of this reaction mechanism and negative effect of the first amino group on the reduction of the second nitro group, it is difficult to inhibit eminently the generation of side products and obtain m-phenylenediamine

In this study, in situ observation on the formation of methane hydrate with a laser confocal Raman imaging microscope is conducted, to reveal the interaction between the guest molecule and the lattice water molecule. The evolutions of the broad band of the stretching vibration of water molecules and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the Raman spectrum are observed in the course of methane hydrate formation

Microreactors with millimetric internal dimensions offer precise control over temperature, flow and reaction, providing excellent system performance in terms of overall mixing, transport of heat and material, and chemicals conversion, whilst preventing thermal degradation or explosive evolution. Recently, the slurry Taylor flow based microreactor (STF-μR) in which the liquid flow is segmented by a

Measuring the adsorption of gases in microporous solids like the shales requires accurate knowledge of the solid’s skeletal volume. Helium (He) is commonly used to determine the sample’s skeletal volume based on the assumption that it does not adsorb in these porous media. The validity of such an assumption for microporous solids has been questioned in recent years, and in this study, we show that

Coalescence filtration is used in a variety of process industries to remove liquid mists from gas flows. Non–woven materials are widely used due to their high separation efficiency and low cost. The operating conditions of these filters are dependent on the internal structure of the filter material. Inhomogeneities, arising from the manufacturing process, not only affect the flow of air through the

Removal of indoor formaldehyde is important but challenging due to the very low concentration. Here, we showed the applicability of a new class of conjugated microporous poly(aniline)s (CMPAs) in this formaldehyde capture. The unique properties of rich ultramicroporosity and benzenoid amine (-NH-) groups made the resulting CMPAs ideal platforms for the efficient low-concentration formaldehyde adsorption

Although the reduced-order model (ROM) based on residence time distribution (RTD) can predict first-order reactions, high-order reactions require empirical data given the influence of mixing on chemical reactions, and are characterized by the Damköhler number. We attempted to numerically analyze the turbulent reacting flow in a micro-confined impinging jet reactor (CIJR) with a mixing-sensitive reaction

The fluid dynamics in the furnaces of large-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers are surprisingly little known in contrast to the many laboratory studies made on conditions related to chemical reactors. Two areas are surveyed in the present work: the bottom bed and the upper dilute zone of a furnace. The bottom bed is considered bubbling, but the general opinion is that either it does not

Because the influencing mechanism and regularity of diameter on the adsorption thermodynamics of nanowires are still unclear, the relations of adsorption thermodynamic properties of different diameters of nanowires is derived. Experimentally, we prepared CeO2 nanowires with different diameters, and then the adsorption selectivity of CeO2 nanowires to different dyes was researched. The adsorption thermodynamic

The cycling stability of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 cathodes is increased enormously by adding 0.1 %wt 1,4-dicyanobenzene (1,4-DCB) additive in the electrolyte, and the capacity retention increases from 20.3% to 63.8% after 350 cycles. It is found that 1,4-DCB eliminates the trace water in the electrolyte via hydrolysis under acidic conditions. A coating layer on the electrode surface is formed by preferentially

Mixtures of granular materials made of different-sized particles may segregate when subjected to vibration or shear rate and in the presence of a gravitational field. This leads to highly inhomogeneous mixtures, which are undesirable in many industrial processes. This work focuses on size-driven segregation in polydisperse mixtures. We described the evolution of the particle size distribution through

In order to improve the fluidization quality of wide-size-distribution (WSD) particles in a spouted bed reactor for the production of polysilicon, a conical distributor with one central gas inlet and six auxiliary inlets was designed and applied in a cold-model reactor to form a spouted fluidized bed. The effects of the central and auxiliary gas velocities on the solid holdup were studied in the gas

Hyroconversion of 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) was induced via atomic hydrogen substitution and 0.5–2 M polydisperse cobalt nanoparticles (40–500 d.nm) which were synthesized via a modified-polyol route. The cobalt nanoparticles and hydrogen incursion in the 4-CP helped to enforce the hydroconversion (HDC) reaction of 4-CP. The reaction runs were conducted based on an initial 4-CP wastewater effluent concentration

Void fraction distribution is an essential parameter for the design and development of nuclear reactors. In this work, void fraction measurements have been performed on an experimental setup mimicking the flow behavior in a calandria of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR). Experimental measurements for void fraction distribution were performed on three heater rods configurations at fixed electrical power using

This research paper introduces a numerical model describing the stripping and drying phase during steam pressure filtration treating water insoluble volatile pore liquids. The model is based on mechanical and thermodynamic equations derived from the theory of steam pressure filtration for aqueous pore liquids and from the steam distillation theory. One main input parameter is the pressure profile determining

Bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET) obtained by poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) catalytic glycolysis often has a slight color, which results in the subsequent preparation of repolymerized PET (rPET) with a darker color. The darker rPET is unable to be utilized in a high value. In order to obtain BHET with good chroma, a series of mesoporous catalysts were proposed and synthesized. Compared

A series of numerical simulations are performed for the sedimentation process of a particle cloud in shear-thinning fluids using lattice Boltzmann and discrete element methods. The initial particle concentration, c0, and the power-law index of the fluid, n, and Reynolds number, Re, are varied in these simulations. For 1.0⩽Re⩽10.9, the particle cloud size grows in the longitudinal direction as the cloud

The addition of antioxidants is normally adopted to improve the thermal oxidation stability of jet fuel, but the detailed antioxidation mechanism is still ambiguous. Herein, the inhibition of exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (the main component of JP-10) toward thermal oxidation and deposition by phenolic antioxidants (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyphenol (BHT), 6-tert-butyl-2,4-dimethyphenol (TBDP), 2,

Surface roughness has been known to facilitate droplet breakup, but the effects of surface morphology on the breakup threshold have not yet been quantitatively clarified. In this paper, numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the fate of a shear-thinning droplet impacting on specially designed randomly rough surfaces. By resorting to a total of 1380 in-silico experiments, deposition state

Polydispersed particles are frequently described in terms of a property distribution whose evolution is governed by the population balance equation (PBE). In the present article, we develop a numerical solution scheme for the univariate, spatially inhomogeneous PBE that allows for the economical resolution of the particle size distribution at a moderate accuracy and is robust with respect to growth-dominated

The present work describes the isolated and combined effects of two internal components – swirl vanes and a vortex stabilizer – on the properties of the flow inside a particular type of gas-liquid cyclonic separator. These elements play an important role in the optimization of the catch efficiency of the gas and liquid phases but may otherwise result in a large increase in pressure drop. It is shown

Particle size distribution is of utmost importance in spray dryers. Controlling the degree of agglomeration and coalescence is vital for manufacturing products that conform to the requirements. To predict the particle size accurately, this study presents a CFD model of particle agglomeration and droplet coalescence in a counter-current spray dryer. The stochastic agglomeration model was modified to

On the basis of the electromediated regeneration of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH) by chloro(2,2′-bipyridyl) (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)-rhodium (III) chloride complex – Rh(III), the manuscript describes a modelling approach inspired by multiphase chemical engineering with gas absorption with chemical reaction. Here, the electrode surface is assimilated to the gas–liquid interface

SO3 in coal-fired flue gas will cause equipment corrosion and the emission of sulfuric acid mist. The performance of injecting the alkaline adsorbent into the flue gas to remove SO3 is affected by the adsorption of SO2 in the flue gas. Taking Ca(OH)2 as a typical alkaline adsorbent, a model describing the adsorption of SO3 and SO2 by Ca(OH)2 particles was established, based on the combination of the

Frictional pressure drop is determined by either subtracting hydrostatic head from total pressure drop according to momentum balance, or subtracting potential energy term from total pressure drop according to energy balance. The divergency and consistency between momentum balance and energy balance are discussed for two-phase flow. In vertical bubbly and intermittent flows at high gas–liquid ratios

A modular multiphase flow crystallizer set-up for the continuous crystallization of paracetamol with an in-line nuclei generator has been developed. Gas bubbles are introduced in a capillary to provide heterogeneous nucleation sites and enhance the nucleation rate. Taking advantage of the separate nucleation and growth sections, control over crystal size distribution is achieved without compromising