It is desirable to predict the surface tension of liquid mixtures for a wide range of compositions, temperatures, and pressures, but current state-of-the-art calculations (e.g., density gradient theory) are computationally expensive. We propose a computationally simple—but accurate—semi-empirical mathematical model of surface tension for a wide variety of multicomponent mixtures, including those with

In this work, petroleum sulfonate (PS), which can be used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), was synthesized by sulfonation of distillate oil using gaseous SO3 in a rotating packed bed. The prepared PS was characterized by FT-IR, NMR, negative electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry [(−) ESI FT-ICR MS] and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed

The fabrication process of amorphous silicon nanoparticles by induction thermal plasma was studied by experiments and numerical simulations. Additional quenching gas was introduced as counter-flow to the plasma tail flame to enhance quenching effect. The flow rate of quenching gas ranged from 0 to 70 L/min. Amorphous silicon nanoparticles were confirmed by electronic diffraction analysis with random

A 3D model is developed based on the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method to investigate the behavior of perovskite hollow fiber membrane modules for oxygen separation. The User Defined Functions (UDFs) and FLUENT software are used to calculate simulation results and validated by the experimental data from a La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) membrane module, which was assembled with 7 hollow fiber

Powder flow and heat transfer in rotary calciners are difficult to predict, which can result in reduced product quality. This work attempts to improve our understanding of powder flow in a rotary calciner. We compare experimental results to existing models. In this study, a moderately cohesive fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) powder was passed through two pilot plants rotary calciners with and without

MoO2 and MoO3 were applied as catalysts for plasma degradation of organic compound. They were prepared by electrodeposition (MoO2) and electrodeposition followed by thermal treatment (MoO3), and then characterized by the cyclic voltammetry, SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR. The RB 19 was degraded by self-made non-thermal atmospheric pressure pulsating plasma corona reactor. Decolourization mechanism, parameters

Residence Time Distribution (RTD) theory is revisited and tracer technology discussed. The background of RTD following Danckwerts ideas is presented by introducing “distribution” functions for residence time, internal age and intensity function and how to experimentally obtain them with tracer techniques (curves C and F of Danckwerts). Compartment models to describe fluid flow in real reactors are

Heterogeneously catalyzed epoxidation of vegetable oils by hydrogen peroxide represents a greener route for the production of epoxides and a thermally safer reaction route compared to the classical Prileschajew epoxidation approach. The epoxidation kinetics of the heterogeneous system formed by aluminium oxide catalyst, hydrogen peroxide and methyl oleate as a model compound was studied with semibatch

The characteristics of bubble behaviors during powder discharge process in a two-dimensional aerated hopper were studied by a high-speed camera system. The experimental results show that there are three typical discharge states with the rise of the aeration gas velocity. Correspondingly, three critical aeration gas velocities were all tested including the minimum bubbling, the maximum discharge rate

This study investigated the performance of microreactor system in conducting the oxidation of KA oil with nitric acid through mathematical models. Experiments were also carried out via a self-designed microreactor system. Two one-dimensional (1D) pseudohomogeneous models and a two-dimensional (2D) reactor model were developed according to the mass balance and power law kinetics. The calculated results

The present study focuses on the computations of turbulent flow in a square cross-sectioned bubble column by utilizing the two-fluid model (TFM) in conjunction with advanced Reynolds-stress models (RSMs) within the Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) framework. The use of such an advanced modeling approach in combination with the TFM, rarely employed for two-phase flow computations, is

Non-linear and non-Gaussian properties are challenging topics in the soft sensor modeling of chemical processes, and fluctuations in the environmental conditions of chemical plants will also affect the accuracy of soft sensor models. This paper proposes an adaptive soft sensor method of D-vine copula quantile regression (aDVQR). In the modeling process, a sparse vine model is established using the

Navier-Stokes equations are widely applied to deal with non-equilibrium fluid dynamics such as the flow field on nanoscale. On the other category, dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) has recently been recognized as a robust tool to investigate the non-equilibrium processes such as molecular diffusion and adsorption dynamics. Both approaches have achieved great success and it’s natural to wonder

The calcium looping (CaL) process is a promising thermochemical energy storage option for concentrated solar power systems due to its great advantages of high energy density and low material cost. However, CaO-based sorbents often suffer from continuous degradation in their reversibility due to the formation of a passivation layer and evolution of a sintering effect. In this work, we focused on the

9α-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (9-OHAD), as an important precursor for a large number of steroidal drugs, can be produced by the mycobacterial degradation of phytosterols’ feedstock. Phytosterols are wastes separated from the production of vegetable oil. Three catabolic pathways were involved in the microbial conversion of phytosterols to form 9-OHAD in Mycobacterium neoaurum MS136, namely sterol

An improved kinetic model for the deoxygenation of fatty acids was developed and compared with previously developed models. The models were compared using data collected from the deoxygenation of oleic acid using a novel, extensively characterized aerogel-based catalyst and previously published data of the deoxygenation of stearic acid, resulting in an extensive analysis ranging from 275 °C to 400 °C

Modeling of a UV-C LED air treatment duct showed that use of highly reflective duct surfaces significantly increased microbial inactivation and minimized the impact of LED positions on inactivation levels. This result was independent of the number of LEDs used. Four wall reflection resulted in higher inactivation rates than solely side-side or top-bottom surface reflection, but beyond three reflections

Mechanistic models are commonly used to simulate gas-fluidized bed reactors. Gas is assumed to pass through two compartments in parallel, one a dilute phase and the other a dense phase containing most, or all of, the particles, as well as interstitial gas. Interphase mass transfer plays a key role, since most of the gas passes through the dilute phase, while most reaction occurs in the dense phase

This work presents a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based method for the shape reconstruction of bubbles in bubbly flows using high-speed camera images. The bubble identification and shape reconstruction adopted a methodology based on a set of anchor points and boxes, where a single anchor point is used for different anchor boxes with various sizes. These anchor points are determined, based on

Liquid infused surfaces (LIS) achieve non-wetting properties through asperity structures containing pockets of a lubricating liquid rather than air. Although studies have demonstrated several potential applications of LIS, the effect of liquid infused texture on the flow of liquid in microchannels has not been systematically addressed. The present work focuses on the effect of liquid-infused texture

The present investigation evaluated a microchannel with variable cross sections and internal elements by experimental and numerical methods. The numerical and experimental phase interface of gas-liquid two-phase flow is captured through the Coupled Level-Set and Volume-Of-Fraction (CLSVOF) method and the canny edge detection method, respectively. The microchannel is analysed with different baffle angles

This work presents a systematic resource targeting procedure in the domain of multiple contaminants water recycling/reuse network. A resource-allocation model was developed and modified to determine the model characteristics, to obtain the optimal solution. By inferring from the formulations, it is recognised that each water sink is constrained by a certain contaminant. This plays a vital role in determining

Mixing applications operating in the laminar regime are used in numerous industrial processes in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries. The aim of this paper is to introduce a numerical model adapted to solid-liquid mixing situations in stirred tanks. The method presented herein is based on a Euler-Lagrange approach using the CFD-DEM method. This method couples computational fluid dynamics

In this study, a novel type of structured wire gauze packing was designed, investigated, and compared with initial packings to improve hydrodynamic performances. The results of the comparison indicated that the novel packing exhibits superior performances, especially in reducing the wall flow phenomenon and lowering pressure drop. Furthermore, a new multi-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method

Process intensification in the form of continuous processing is presently being adopted by the biopharmaceutical industry as it offers significant advantages over conventional processing. Chromatographic steps form the core separation steps of a typical biopharma process due to their high selectivity and robustness. To this end, this paper proposes a novel approach based on reinforcement learning (RL)

This paper deals with methods to predict residue (heel) in a tank after drainage of polymer gels from the tank. Gels of various rheological properties were considered in which a thixotrope (Xanthan gum) and a thickener (carboxymethyl cellulose) were combined in various ratios so as to change the gel flow curve from strongly to weakly shear thinning. Computational fluid dynamics allows the conversion

This work focuses on the formation and uniformity of bubbles in highly viscous fluids in symmetric parallel microchannels by using a high-speed camera. Nitrogen and high viscous glycerol-water solution containing 0.3% SDS are used as the gas and liquid phases respectively. The interface evolution during bubble information is reported. The effects of liquid flow rates, liquid viscosities, gas pressures

We study the effect of isotropic porous walls on a plane Couette flow laden with spherical and rigid particles. We perform a parametric study varying the volume fraction between 0 and 30%, the porosity between 0.3 and 0.9 and the non-dimensional permeability between 0 and 7.9×10-3 We find that the porous walls induce a progressive decrease in the suspension effective viscosity as the wall permeability

Ionic liquids, as well as their suspensions with nanoparticles, can be considered as the future of solar applications, due to their unique properties. This work consists of an experimental study of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([C2mim][CH3SO3]) ionic liquid and its ionanofluids with Al2O3 nanoparticles of different mass concentrations (i.e. 0.05–10 %wt.). Viscosity, specific heat and

In the present study, the impact and spreading dynamics of a single droplet on a heated surface are experimentally investigated. Ethanol-water droplets with ethanol concentrations of 0–8 vol% are adopted as the working fluid with a wide range of surface temperature from 75 °C to 450 °C and the Weber number ranges from 7 to 63. The instantaneous droplet evolution after impact is studied via visualization