The phenomenon of ‘‘conservatively perturbed equilibrium’’ (CPE) for a complex non-linear chemical system was experimentally verified in a batch reactor in which ethanol and benzyl alcohol react with acetic acid producing two different esters and water. Three possible CPE cases, i.e., acetic acid and water unperturbed, ethanol and ethyl acetate unperturbed, benzyl alcohol and benzyl acetate unperturbed

A numerical methodology is used to track the interfacial dynamics of the dryout mechanism for flow boiling around the heated cylindrical rod. The mathematical model is based on the Volume of Fluid interface capturing technique for two-phases of fluids. A single set of Navier-Stokes equations with an added source term to take care of vapor mass flux generation due to phase change is utilized. The simulations

A novel method to estimate mass transfer kinetics in porous adsorbents using gas adsorption microcalorimetry is described. By fitting an appropriate model to experimental microcalorimetric peaks, both the LDF constant and the effective diffusion time constant could be estimated. Results are shown for an activated carbon and zeolite 13X. The experimental apparatus consisting of a microcalorimeter coupled

In this work, binderfree zeolite 13X monoliths were tested as a new promising material for high purity ethylene production from olefin/paraffin mixtures by gas-SMB technology. To characterize the adsorbent and its potential for the target separation, the equilibrium isotherms of ethane, ethylene, and propane were measured gravimetrically, in a temperature range from 323 K to 423 K, and pressure up

This study proposes lithium ion sieves (LIS) embedded in a cross-linked hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) cryogel for the effective adsorption recovery Li+ from brine and seawater resources. The Li+ adsorption process conformed well with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum Li+ adsorption capacities are calculated to be 42.57–54.23 mg/(g of LIS). In addition, the Li+ adsorption capacities of the

This paper proposes a novel structured foam microreactor with controllable gas and liquid flow paths; in this microreactor, the liquid phase flows through a structured foam bed, and the gas phase flows through gas paths on both sides of the foam bed. A hydrodynamics analysis indicated that the proposed design ensured not only better residence time distribution and a longer residence time, but also

Understanding heat transfer to endothermic hydrocarbon fuels (EHFs) with pyrolysis at high heat flux is a challenging issue for the design of regenerative cooling panels in the fuel-cooled thermal management technology of advanced aircrafts. In this work, the convective heat transfer of supercritical EHFs in presence of pyrolysis reactions was experimentally investigated in horizontal tubes at the

Tertiary amines are thermodynamically efficient CO2 absorbents but unfortunately suffer from low absorption rates. To overcome this issue the use of formulated absorbents incorporating simple aliphatic amines and di-amines as promoters have been suggested. This work describes the fundamental CO2 capture behaviour in tertiary amine diethylethanolamine (DEEA) based solution with a series of kinetic promoters

The first Damköhler number,DaI, is a widely-used Π group for characterizing the influence of mixing on competitive chemical reactions (CCRs). Although numerous different definitions of DaI are present in literature, there has been little discussion on how these definitions vary in terms of application areas. In this work, we overcome this issue by deriving DaI for three examples of different complexity

Curtailing the ever-increasing global energy demand remains an arduous challenge. The U.S. Energy Information Administration emphasized that the deployment of new heat exchanger technologies could revolutionize how industry uses energy. In this review, we highlight the significance of metal foam heat exchangers as an attractive alternative to traditional heat exchanger technologies. Research on metal

Flow regimes and mixing characteristics in non-aligned T-jets reactors were investigated by Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) at 30 ≤ Re ≤ 400. The misalignment of inlet jets in non-aligned T-jets reactors leads to a steady engulfment flow at low Reynolds numbers. With the increase of Re, the unsteady engulfment flows with different oscillation behaviors occur. Unlike the vortex-merging oscillation

Wastewater treatment plants use bubbly flows to help remove grit from the plant’s influent. Computational fluid dynamics is an attractive tool to virtually prototype grit-chamber designs. This study assesses a two-phase unsteady Reynolds-averaged Euler-Euler (uRANS-EE) approach to predict bubble induced recirculatory flow in a laboratory tank of similar complexity to that expected in a full-scale grit-chamber

The speciation in CO2-loaded aqueous solutions of 16 different derivates of triacetoneamine (EvAs) was investigated in a comprehensive NMR-spectroscopic study. About 350 experiments were carried out for CO2-loadings up to 3 mole CO2 per mole amine, temperatures between 20 and 100 °C, and a mass fraction of EvA in the unloaded solvent of 0.1 g/g. The observed CO2-containing species were primary and

Herein, an interfacial mass transfer process based on hollow fiber membrane assisted antisolvent crystallization (MAAC) was studied via real-time microscopic and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method. The micro-scale antisolvent liquid layer was clearly detected on the antisolvent/solution interface. The antisolvent concentration and layer thickness were determined by different refractive index

X-ray tomography is a powerful method for the noninvasive investigation of fluid dynamics in packed columns. However, for the quantitative determination of local fluid dynamic parameters, such as film thickness on packing sheets, the spatial resolution is often too low. In this work, tomographic measurements were carried out in a column of 100 mm diameter equipped with Mellapak 350.Y packings. Different

Heavy oil, commonly defined by high density, viscosity, and heavy components distinguishing it from light oil, has a peculiar nature with respect to emulsification. In this article, we delve into the colloid and interface aspects of heavy oil emulsions and their types (heavy oil-in-water emulsion and water in-heavy oil emulsion) along with their industrial applications and occurrences. We observe the

This study presents a method for the experimental determination of local volumetric mass transfer coefficients kLaL in a high-pressure two-phase flow of water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a micro-capillary using Raman spectroscopy. H2O and CO2 are continuously and co-currently fed at high pressure (8, 9 and 10 MPa) and moderate temperature (303 K) into a fused silica micro-capillary. A segmented

A novel eccentric annular T-junction tube was designed for oil–water separation. The separation characteristics of the eccentric annular T-junction tube were investigated by performing experiments and numerical analyses. The Eulerian model combined with the standard k-ε turbulence model was used to numerically analyze the flow characteristics. Combining the dynamic separation principle of the T-junction

Mixing two streams with different components and/or compositions could enhance heat recovery if they contain azeotrope-forming components. This study investigates the integration of Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) considering mixing and azeotrope formation. Two cold streams are mixed to form a minimum azeotropic mixture and vaporised. Variations in heat capacity flowrate, net heat flow, and Grand Composite

The combined natural heat and mass transfer, the so-called thermosolutal convective problem, has become an attractive field of research in many diversified areas. In this paper, for the first time, entropy analysis has been carried out for triple diffusive flow. A comprehensive model is developed for the entropy generation due to fluid friction, porous medium, heat, and mass transfer across a finite

Deep learning methods, especially the RNN based approaches, have been applied to the industrial time-series modeling these years successfully. However, the RNN based methods cannot overcome the enormous amount of iterative calculation. Traditional CNN based methods can calculate much faster; however, the CNN based methods lack in the explanation of the variables. In this paper, we proposed a novel

The effects of organic phase change material (PCM) and surfactant on HCFC141b hydrate nucleation are investigated under quiescent conditions. The surfactants Tween80 and Span80 are chosen as emulsifiers, and the mixture of PCM n-decanoic acid (CA) and dodecyl alcohol (DE) is used as promoter. The emulsion of HCFC141b + CA–DE (the mass ratio of CA to DE is 1:1) + Tween80 or Span80 + H2O is prepared

A two-equation continuum model is developed to simulate the mass transfer in drying porous media. The main goal is to capture the so called non-equilibrium effect. To this end, we operate in a regime where the liquid phase is immobile so that non-equilibrium mass exchange between liquid and vapor phase dominates. The formulation of the model relies on an upscaling technique. This notably permits to

The concept of the spatial wettability gradient is applied to bulk porous media to passively influence directional spontaneous imbibition flow. The imbibition process in an oil-bearing medium was mathematically modeled and experimentally validated for cores with an induced wettability profile. This was modeled by defining a wettability capacity distribution function (WCD), which is incorporated into

This paper examines the Marangoni instability of a self-rewetting film coating on a vertical heated fibre and its modulation by chemical reactions. A single evolution equation based on the classic thin-film model is derived to study the flow dynamics. Linear stability analysis shows that without chemical reactions, wall heating plays a stabilizing role when Ti>T0 (Ti is the interfacial temperature

Quantum chemistry and experiments are combined to explore the detailed decomposition mechanism of thiophene compounds. Under reaction medium of supercritical water (SCW), the desulfurization degree of 3- methyl thiophene is 7.38% higher than that of thiophene due to the presence of the methyl, and the sulfur atom embedded into dibenzothiophene is hardly removed as a result of the steric hindrance by

The hydrodynamic properties of gas–liquid flows in water electrolyzers are of great practical interest since the local distribution of gas influences the amount of electrical energy required to produce hydrogen. We used the Euler-Euler model to simulate the multiphase flow in a water electrolyzer and compared the results to existing experimental data, for a range of current densities. Our study shows

This paper presents a numerical study of the heat transfer associated with multiple sliding bubbles in saturated flow boiling. We develop a stagnant micro-layer model, which is subsequently validated with an existing experimental study. We employ the said model to simulate flow boiling with shear rates γ̇ ranging from 0.02s-1 through 0.17s-1, for bubble spacing s=2.5mm and 5mm. We observe that for

The Radial Basis Method (RBM) is introduced for solving the Population Balance Equation (PBE). In this method, the continuous number density function is approximated by a series of symmetric multiquadric basis functions at selected global collocation points along the internal coordinates. Therefore, the RBM is considered as a meshless method. The RBM is convenient and suitable for complex problems

Granular materials are used in many industrial processes among various fields, such as pharmaceutical, food, metallurgy or nuclear fuel production. However, compared to other commonly used media, such as liquids, powders are known to behave unpredictably, leading to uncontrolled process operations. Since the flow behavior of the powders originates from interparticle forces, we suggest a model, linking