The development of cost-effective and highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts remains a critical challenge for sustainable energy technologies. Transition metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) frameworks, with their inherent catalytic potential, offer a compelling alternative to traditional platinum (Pt)-based catalysts. However, a fundamental understanding of the intrinsic properties of M-N-C

Paper-based diagnostic tests are vital for point-of-care (POC) applications but often suffer from dispersion-related performance issues. This study introduces sugar-based paper assays to mitigate dispersion and flow instability. By incorporating sugar solutions (1 × 105 ––3 × 105 ppm) in five paper membranes—Whatman Grade 1 (W1), Whatman Grade 3 (W3), Dorsan 441 (441), Dorsan Ashless (Ashless), and

The substantial quantities of fly ash and red mud generated and contains abundant rare earth elements, gallium, and germanium. Their effective recovery not only mitigates environmental impacts but also unlocks significant economic benefits. This work developed an ultra-fast flash Joule heating activation coupled with acid leaching method to recover rare earth elements, gallium, and germanium from fly

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with inherent safety are regarded as next generation electrolytes for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). The plasticizers like ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are widely used to intensify lithium ion transportation, but their poor thermal stabilities restrict practical applications. Although ionic liquids (ILs) possess splendid thermal stabilities, its

Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is widely used in propellants, acting the key power source of rockets and missiles. Improving the thermal decomposition efficiency of AP by introducing nanocatalysts is of great significance for enhancing the performance of propellants. However, nanoparticle agglomeration and the lack of reliable dispersion characterization methods hinder their practical application. The current

The CFD-DEM method combined with the Noyes-Whitney dissolution control equation was used to study the effects of fluid–solid heat transfer on particle dissolution within a stirred tank. The model’s simulation accuracy for particle size and solute concentration has been validated in a published paper. To further validate the model’s ability to simulate heat transfer, a fluidized bed experiment was incorporated

Making solid propellants into porous structures can significantly improve combustion speed and reduce energy density. To balance this contradiction, this work developed a novel dual mechanism additive composed of the energetic compound bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine coordinated with a cobalt atom (BTA-Co). This additive decomposes prior to ammonium perchlorate (AP), undergoing violent swelling that

Low-energy C2H4/C2H6 separation processes based on ionic liquids are a hot topic of research. Among them, silver-based containing ionic liquids (Ag-ILs) exhibit excellent separation performance. The absorption thermodynamic of this system is crucial for the development of new processes. At 313.15 to 333.15 K, the solubility of C2H4 and C2H6 in Ag-ILs was measured. Combined with the fitting of the solubility

Owing to their significant impact on the reaction rate, the comprehensive understanding of the hydrodynamics in any novel design of the Upflow Packed Bed Reactor (U-PBR) is essential for the optimization of its throughput. In this regard, the identification of the flow regime is of paramount importance. Therefore, in this work, we use the photon counts time-series data obtained using the non-invasive

Citric acid-modified chitosan was synthesized with the citric acid precursor. The findings indicated that the modification of chitosan enhanced surface-active sites, stability in acidic systems, and surface area. Together this improved multi-heavy metal sorption and facilitated the reuse of exhausted sorbent. The findings revealed that the sorbent demonstrated outstanding sorption capabilities for

The gasification process converts biomass into syngas and produces biochar, a porous solid by-product, potentially with a high surface area, ideal for tar cracking applications. In this study, biochars with varying textural properties were produced by activating them under CO2 and H2O atmospheres to different extents of conversion. The relationship between these properties—particularly surface area

Predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) is essential for ensuring their safe operation, enhancing their lifespan, and minimizing maintenance expenses. As artificial intelligence advances, data-driven approaches to RUL forecasting have gained prominence. Transformer-based methods boast the capacity for swift parallel processing and understanding the relationships between

The incorporation of heteroatoms into carbon structures has been demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the insufficient preparation complexity and durability fall short of meeting the demands of the future hydrogen economy. Herein, a ZIF-67/PDA/BC precursor was prepared using polydopamine-modified bacterial cellulose

This study presents an innovative heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst, Fe(III)-bent/EPS, designed to address antibiotic contamination in water using sustainable materials. The synthesized catalyst was iron-impregnated bentonite immobilized on waste expanded polystyrene (EPS), involving reusing plastic waste to improve environmental sustainability. Comprehensive characterization by scanning electron

Normal operation of reaction-separation-recycle processes is important for the safety of chemical plants. This study presents a normal operating zone (NOZ) model for condition monitoring of reaction-separation-recycle processes. The NOZ model is a geometric space in higher dimensions that is developed based on physical principles, historical data, and operational requirements. A main technical issue

Droplet coalescence is widely applied in industrial production processes. Based on the theory of fiber coalescence, a novel method for enhance coalescence performance by nanofiber microspheres coupled with swirling flow field was proposed in this paper. The preparation process of gelatin/PLA nanofiber microspheres was systematically studied, and the key factors influencing their morphology and particle

The gas-phase ethylbenzene synthesis process is of great significance for producing styrene. Here, we report a detailed thermodynamic study of the gas-phase synthesis of ethylbenzene, which involves complex reaction pathways by utilizing the Gibbs free energy minimization method. The results indicate that, compared to the target pathway (i.e., the ethylene alkylation), the ethylene cracking is more

With the accelerated development of strategic emerging industries, the demand for vanadium has been consistently increasing each year. To address the challenges associated with the oxidation leaching of vanadium in landfilled metallic residues, we propose a research framework utilizing cavitation/hydrogen peroxide-based advanced oxidation processes (CH-AOPs) to enhance oxidation reactions. Under optimal

This study presents a low-cost, high-sensitivity glucose sensor (COL-MC) fabricated by integrating CuO-functionalized laser-induced graphene (LIG) with a capillary-driven microfluidic chip. The novel two-step synthesis eliminates noble metals, enhancing affordability while achieving a large surface area for superior sensitivity. The sensor demonstrates a linear response (R2 > 0.996) across 0.1–1.5 mmol/L

Stucco phase composition critically influences the mechanical properties of plasterboard, a cornerstone in modern construction. Traditional complete phase analysis (CPA) methods, while accurate, are hindered by prolonged processing times exceeding 12 h, impeding real-time quality control. This study introduces a machine learning-assisted CPA (ML-CPA) method, utilizing artificial neural networks (ANNs)

Gas- non-spherical particle flow is constantly encountered in nature and industries, yet non-particle-scale simulation is hindered by the expensive computational cost. In the study, a computational-efficient coarse-grained superquadric DEM-CFD approach is developed for modelling gas–solid flow featuring non-spherical particle shape, reducing the number of non-spherical particles tracked and the resulting

Operation safety, combustion efficiency, and pollutant emissions of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers are significantly affected by the lateral gas–solid flow uniformity, which can be featured by the voidage (εg) as well as particle lateral movement velocity (up). To obtain abundant data to support quantitative analysis and modeling, the gas–solid flow details in a 170 t/h CFB boiler were numerically

Supercritical hydrothermal synthesis is a green and environmental-friendly technology of nanomaterial synthesis. China’s first industrial-scale plant for supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of zirconia has been successfully built, and the new design concepts of reactor, anti-corrosion evaluation, heat recovery, control systems, safety requirements, as well as process integration in this plant were

The development of industry is related to the generation and conversion of energy. Over the years, more efficient conversion and storage energy methods have been used. Most energy obtaining methods are based on fossil fuel combustion processes, contributing to environmental degradation and climate change. One of the critical energy carriers could be hydrogen. Developing a method for storing medium

A minimal parameterization of the single-solute breakthrough-curve model is presented. The mathematical model is free of empirical parameter assumptions and encompasses only one unknown parameter: a dimensionless number representing the ratio of adsorption time and lag in breakthrough time. Quadratic programming is used to obtain the closest thermodynamically-consistent, twice-continuously differentiable

New correlations for the overall heat transfer coefficient Uth, designed for use in one-dimensional reactor models for wall-cooled tubular fixed-bed reactors, are presented. These correlations are applicable for estimating both critical conditions related to thermal runaway and reactor performance under safe operating conditions. They were derived by comparing a 1D and a 2D model, initially for Fischer-Tropsch