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The promise and pitfalls of cross-partisan conversations for reducing affective polarization: Evidence from randomized experiments Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Erik Santoro, David E. Broockman
Organizations, activists, and scholars hope that conversations between outpartisans (supporters of opposing political parties) can reduce affective polarization (dislike of outpartisans) and bolster democratic accountability (e.g., support for democratic norms). We argue that such conversations can reduce affective polarization but that these effects are likely to be conditional on topic, being especially
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Mitonuclear genotype remodels the metabolic and microenvironmental landscape of Hürthle cell carcinoma Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Ian Ganly, Eric Minwei Liu, Fengshen Kuo, Vladimir Makarov, Yiyu Dong, Jinsung Park, Yongxing Gong, Alexander N. Gorelick, Jeffrey A Knauf, Elisa Benedetti, Jacqueline Tait-Mulder, Luc G.T. Morris, James A. Fagin, Andrew M Intlekofer, Jan Krumsiek, Payam A. Gammage, Ronald Ghossein, Bin Xu, Timothy A. Chan, Ed Reznik
Hürthle cell carcinomas (HCCs) display two exceptional genotypes: near-homoplasmic mutation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (gLOH). To understand the phenotypic consequences of these genetic alterations, we analyzed genomic, metabolomic, and immunophenotypic data of HCC and other thyroid cancers. Both mtDNA mutations and profound depletion of citrate pools are common
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Mapping a pathway to improved neuropsychiatric treatments with precision transcranial magnetic stimulation Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Noah S. Philip, Kevin S. LaBar
Transcranial magnetic stimulation traces the functional and structural connections that modulate amygdala activity, enabling advanced brain stimulation treatments for numerous psychiatric disorders.
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Dealumination of small-pore zeolites through pore-opening migration process with the aid of pore-filler stabilization Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Tatsushi Yoshioka, Kenta Iyoki, Yuusuke Hotta, Yoshihiro Kamimura, Hiroki Yamada, Qiao Han, Takeharu Kato, Craig A. J. Fisher, Zhendong Liu, Ryohji Ohnishi, Yutaka Yanaba, Koji Ohara, Yukichi Sasaki, Akira Endo, Takahiko Takewaki, Tsuneji Sano, Tatsuya Okubo, Toru Wakihara
Small-pore zeolites are gaining increasing attention owing to their superior catalytic performance. Despite being critical for the catalytic activity and lifetime, postsynthetic tuning of bulk Si/Al ratios of small-pore zeolites has not been achieved with well-preserved crystallinity because of the limited mass transfer of aluminum species through narrow micropores. Here, we demonstrate a postsynthetic
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Therapeutic inhibition of the SRC-kinase HCK facilitates T cell tumor infiltration and improves response to immunotherapy Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Ashleigh R. Poh, Christopher G. Love, David Chisanga, James H. Steer, David Baloyan, Michaël Chopin, Stephen Nutt, Jai Rautela, Nicholas D. Huntington, Nima Etemadi, Megan O’Brien, Ryan O’Keefe, Lesley G. Ellies, Christophe Macri, Justine D. Mintern, Lachlan Whitehead, Gangadhara Gangadhara, Louis Boon, Ashwini L. Chand, Clifford A. Lowell, Wei Shi, Fiona J. Pixley, Matthias Ernst
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, many immunogenic tumors remain refractory to treatment. This can be largely attributed to an immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment characterized by an accumulation of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and exclusion of activated T cells. Here, we demonstrate that genetic ablation or therapeutic inhibition of the myeloid-specific hematopoietic
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Cortical-subcortical structural connections support transcranial magnetic stimulation engagement of the amygdala Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Valerie J. Sydnor, Matthew Cieslak, Romain Duprat, Joseph Deluisi, Matthew W. Flounders, Hannah Long, Morgan Scully, Nicholas L. Balderston, Yvette I. Sheline, Dani S. Bassett, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Desmond J. Oathes
The amygdala processes valenced stimuli, influences emotion, and exhibits aberrant activity across anxiety disorders, depression, and PTSD. Interventions modulating amygdala activity hold promise as transdiagnostic psychiatric treatments. In 45 healthy participants, we investigated whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits indirect changes in amygdala activity when applied to ventrolateral
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Cenozoic megatooth sharks occupied extremely high trophic positions Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Emma R. Kast, Michael L. Griffiths, Sora L. Kim, Zixuan C. Rao, Kenshu Shimada, Martin A. Becker, Harry M. Maisch, Robert A. Eagle, Chelesia A. Clarke, Allison N. Neumann, Molly E. Karnes, Tina Lüdecke, Jennifer N. Leichliter, Alfredo Martínez-García, Alliya A. Akhtar, Xingchen T. Wang, Gerald H. Haug, Daniel M. Sigman
Trophic position is a fundamental characteristic of animals, yet it is unknown in many extinct species. In this study, we ground-truth the 15 N/ 14 N ratio of enameloid-bound organic matter (δ 15 N EB ) as a trophic level proxy by comparison to dentin collagen δ 15 N and apply this method to the fossil record to reconstruct the trophic level of the megatooth sharks (genus Otodus ). These sharks evolved
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Metal-free ferroelectric halide perovskite exhibits visible photoluminescence correlated with local ferroelectricity Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Taketo Handa, Ruito Hashimoto, Go Yumoto, Tomoya Nakamura, Atsushi Wakamiya, Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
Perovskite materials with tunable electronic and structural characteristics can realize various physical properties including electrical/ionic conduction, ferroelectricity, and luminescence. Integrating and coupling these properties in a single perovskite material offer new possibilities for fundamental research and applications. In particular, coupling ferroelectricity and luminescence would enable
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Laser-scribed conductive, photoactive transition metal oxide on soft elastomers for Janus on-skin electronics and soft actuators Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Ganggang Zhao, Yun Ling, Yajuan Su, Zanyu Chen, Cherian J. Mathai, Ogheneobarome Emeje, Alexander Brown, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Jie Huang, Chansong Kim, Qian Chen, Xiaoqing He, David Stalla, Yadong Xu, Zehua Chen, Pai-Yen Chen, Shubhra Gangopadhyay, Jingwei Xie, Zheng Yan
Laser-assisted fabrication of conductive materials on flexible substrates has attracted intense interests because of its simplicity, easy customization, and broad applications. However, it remains challenging to achieve laser scribing of conductive materials on tissue-like soft elastomers, which can serve as the basis to construct bioelectronics and soft actuators. Here, we report laser scribing of
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Inhaled siRNA nanoparticles targeting IL11 inhibit lung fibrosis and improve pulmonary function post-bleomycin challenge Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Xin Bai, Guolin Zhao, Qijing Chen, Zhongyu Li, Mingzhu Gao, William Ho, Xiaoyang Xu, Xue-Qing Zhang
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a profibrotic cytokine essential for the differentiation of fibroblasts into collagen-secreting, actin alpha 2, smooth muscle–positive (ACTA2 + ) myofibroblasts, driving processes underlying the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we developed an inhalable and mucus-penetrative nanoparticle (NP) system incorporating siRNA against IL11 (si IL11 @PPGC
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Phase separation of HRLP regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Yu Zhang, Sheng Fan, Changmei Hua, Zhi Wei Norman Teo, Jian Xuan Kiang, Lisha Shen, Hao Yu
RNA binding proteins mediate posttranscriptional RNA metabolism and play regulatory roles in many developmental processes in eukaryotes. Despite their known effects on the floral transition from vegetative to reproductive growth in plants, the underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here, we show that a hitherto unknown RNA binding protein, hnRNP R-LIKE PROTEIN (HRLP), inhibits cotranscriptional
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Subcritical escape waves in schooling fish Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Winnie Poel, Bryan C. Daniels, Matthew M. G. Sosna, Colin R. Twomey, Simon P. Leblanc, Iain D. Couzin, Pawel Romanczuk
Theoretical physics predicts optimal information processing in living systems near transitions (or pseudo-critical points) in their collective dynamics. However, focusing on potential benefits of proximity to a critical point, such as maximal sensitivity to perturbations and fast dissemination of information, commonly disregards possible costs of criticality in the noisy, dynamic environmental contexts
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Non–von Neumann multi-input spike signal processing enabled by an artificial synaptic multiplexer Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Dong Hae Ho, Dong Gue Roe, Yoon Young Choi, Seongchan Kim, Young Jin Choi, Do Hwan Kim, Sae Byeok Jo, Jeong Ho Cho
Multiplexing is essential for technologies that require processing of a large amount of information in real time. Here, we present an artificial synaptic multiplexing unit capable of realizing parallel multi-input control system. Ion gel was used as a dielectric layer of the artificial synaptic multiplexing unit because of its ionic property, allowing multigating for parallel input. A closed-loop control
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SNARE assembly enlightened by cryo-EM structures of a synaptobrevin–Munc18-1–syntaxin-1 complex Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Karolina P. Stepien, Junjie Xu, Xuewu Zhang, Xiao-Chen Bai, Josep Rizo
Munc18-1 forms a template to organize assembly of the neuronal SNARE complex that triggers neurotransmitter release, binding first to a closed conformation of syntaxin-1 where its amino-terminal region interacts with the SNARE motif, and later binding to synaptobrevin. However, the mechanism of SNARE complex assembly remains unclear. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of Munc18-1 bound to cross-linked
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Liver cancer heterogeneity modeled by in situ genome editing of hepatocytes Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Mei Tang, Yang Zhao, Jianhui Zhao, Shumei Wei, Mingwei Liu, Nairen Zheng, Didi Geng, Shixun Han, Yuchao Zhang, Guoxuan Zhong, Shuaifeng Li, Xiuming Zhang, Chenliang Wang, Huan Yan, Xiaolei Cao, Li Li, Xueli Bai, Junfang Ji, Xin-Hua Feng, Jun Qin, Tingbo Liang, Bin Zhao
Mechanistic study and precision treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC) are hindered by marked heterogeneity, which is challenging to recapitulate in any given liver cancer mouse model. Here, we report the generation of 25 mouse models of PLC by in situ genome editing of hepatocytes recapitulating 25 single or combinations of human cancer driver genes. These mouse tumors represent major histopathological
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Temozolomide-induced guanine mutations create exploitable vulnerabilities of guanine-rich DNA and RNA regions in drug-resistant gliomas Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Deanna M. Tiek, Beril Erdogdu, Roham Razaghi, Lu Jin, Norah Sadowski, Carla Alamillo-Ferrer, J. Robert Hogg, Bassem R. Haddad, David H. Drewry, Carrow I. Wells, Julie E. Pickett, Xiao Song, Anshika Goenka, Bo Hu, Samuel A. Goldlust, William J. Zuercher, Mihaela Pertea, Winston Timp, Shi-Yuan Cheng, Rebecca B. Riggins
Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapeutic agent that has been the first-line standard of care for the aggressive brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM) since 2005. Although initially beneficial, TMZ resistance is universal and second-line interventions are an unmet clinical need. Here, we took advantage of the known mechanism of action of TMZ to target guanines (G) and investigated G-rich G-quadruplex (G4)
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The evolutionary origins of syntax: Event cognition in nonhuman primates Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Vanessa A. D. Wilson, Klaus Zuberbühler, Balthasar Bickel
Languages tend to encode events from the perspective of agents, placing them first and in simpler forms than patients. This agent bias is mirrored by cognition: Agents are more quickly recognized than patients and generally attract more attention. This leads to the hypothesis that key aspects of language structure are fundamentally rooted in a cognition that decomposes events into agents, actions,
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Early diagenetic control on the enrichment and fractionation of rare earth elements in deep-sea sediments Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Yinan Deng, Qingjun Guo, Congqiang Liu, Gaowen He, Jun Cao, Jianlin Liao, Chenhui Liu, Haifeng Wang, Jianhou Zhou, Yufei Liu, Fenlian Wang, Bin Zhao, Rongfei Wei, Jiang Zhu, Haijun Qiu
The rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in bioapatite from deep-sea sediments are potential proxies for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions. However, the REY enrichment mechanism and the reliability of this tracer remain elusive because of the lack of key information from ambient pore water. Here, we report high-resolution geochemical data for pore water, bottom water, and bioapatite from
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Flexible bioelectronic device fabricated by conductive polymer–based living material Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Zenghao Wang, Haotian Bai, Wen Yu, Zhiqiang Gao, Weijian Chen, Zhiwen Yang, Chuanwei Zhu, Yiming Huang, Fengting Lv, Shu Wang
Living materials are worked as an inside collaborative system that could naturally respond to changing environmental conditions. The regulation of bioelectronic processes in living materials could be effective for collecting biological signals and detecting biomarkers. Here, we constructed a living material with conjugated polymers poly[3-(3′- N , N , N -triethylamino-1′-propyloxy)-4-methyl-2,5-thiophene
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Kinetic diffusion–controlled synthesis of twinned intermetallic nanocrystals for CO-resistant catalysis Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Kun Wang, Lei Wang, Zhen Yao, Lei Zhang, Luyao Zhang, Xusheng Yang, Yingbo Li, Yang-Gang Wang, Yan Li, Feng Yang
Intermetallic catalysts are of immense interest, but how heterometals diffuse and related interface structure remain unclear when there exists a strong metal-support interaction. Here, we developed a kinetic diffusion–controlled method and synthesized intermetallic Pt 2 Mo nanocrystals with twin boundaries on mesoporous carbon (Pt 2 Mo/C). The formation of small-sized twinned intermetallic nanocrystals
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Oh, the shark has such teeth: Did megatooth sharks play a larger role in prehistoric food webs? Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Nicholas D. Pyenson, Paul L. Koch
Extinct megatooth sharks were globally distributed and contributed to ocean food chains that were potentially one to two steps longer than any food chain today.
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Palimpsest memories stored in memristive synapses Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Christos Giotis, Alexander Serb, Vasileios Manouras, Spyros Stathopoulos, Themis Prodromakis
Biological synapses store multiple memories on top of each other in a palimpsest fashion and at different time scales. Palimpsest consolidation is facilitated by the interaction of hidden biochemical processes governing synaptic efficacy during varying lifetimes. This arrangement allows idle memories to be temporarily overwritten without being forgotten, while previously unseen memories are used in
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Untethered small-scale magnetic soft robot with programmable magnetization and integrated multifunctional modules Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Yue Dong, Lu Wang, Neng Xia, Zhengxin Yang, Chong Zhang, Chengfeng Pan, Dongdong Jin, Jiachen Zhang, Carmel Majidi, Li Zhang
Intelligent magnetic soft robots capable of programmable structural changes and multifunctionality modalities depend on material architectures and methods for controlling magnetization profiles. While some efforts have been made, there are still key challenges in achieving programmable magnetization profile and creating heterogeneous architectures. Here, we directly embed programmed magnetization patterns
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The phagocytic cyst cells in Drosophila testis eliminate germ cell progenitors via phagoptosis Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Maayan Zohar-Fux, Aya Ben-Hamo-Arad, Tal Arad, Marina Volin, Boris Shklyar, Ketty Hakim-Mishnaevski, Lilach Porat-Kuperstein, Estee Kurant, Hila Toledano
Phagoptosis is a frequently occurring nonautonomous cell death pathway in which phagocytes eliminate viable cells. While it is thought that phosphatidylserine (PS) “eat-me” signals on target cells initiate the process, the precise sequence of events is largely unknown. Here, we show that in Drosophila testes, progenitor germ cells are spontaneously removed by neighboring cyst cells through phagoptosis
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Charon’s refractory factory Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Ujjwal Raut, Benjamin D. Teolis, Joshua A. Kammer, Caleb J. Gimar, Joshua S. Brody, G. Randall Gladstone, Carly J. A. Howett, Silvia Protopapa, Kurt D. Retherford
We combine novel laboratory experiments and exospheric modeling to reveal that “dynamic” Ly-α photolysis of Plutonian methane generates a photolytic refractory distribution on Charon that increases with latitude, consistent with poleward darkening observed in the New Horizons images. The flux ratio of the condensing methane to the interplanetary medium Ly-α photons, φ, controls the distribution and
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Polyoxocationic antimony oxide cluster with acidic protons Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Yuki Watanabe, Kim Hyeon-Deuk, Takafumi Yamamoto, Masayoshi Yabuuchi, Olesia M. Karakulina, Yasuto Noda, Takuya Kurihara, I-Ya Chang, Masanobu Higashi, Osamu Tomita, Cédric Tassel, Daichi Kato, Jingxin Xia, Tatsuhiko Goto, Craig M. Brown, Yuto Shimoyama, Naoki Ogiwara, Joke Hadermann, Artem M. Abakumov, Sayaka Uchida, Ryu Abe, Hiroshi Kageyama
The success and continued expansion of research on metal-oxo clusters owe largely to their structural richness and wide range of functions. However, while most of them known to date are negatively charged polyoxometalates, there is only a handful of cationic ones, much less functional ones. Here, we show an all-inorganic hydroxyiodide [H 10.7 Sb 32.1 O 44 ][H 2.1 Sb 2.1 I 8 O 6 ][Sb 0.76 I 6 ] 2 ·25H
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Ultrafast charge transfer coupled to quantum proton motion at molecule/metal oxide interface Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Weibin Chu, Shijing Tan, Qijing Zheng, Wei Fang, Yexin Feng, Oleg V. Prezhdo, Bing Wang, Xin-Zheng Li, Jin Zhao
Understanding how the nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) in the hydrogen bond (H-bond) network influence the photoexcited charge transfer at semiconductor/molecule interface is a challenging problem. By combining two kinds of emerging molecular dynamics methods at the ab initio level, the path integral–based molecular dynamics and time-dependent nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, and choosing CH 3 OH/TiO
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Human impacts as the main driver of tropical forest carbon Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Marcela Venelli Pyles, Luiz Fernando Silva Magnago, Vinícius Andrade Maia, Bruno X. Pinho, Gregory Pitta, André L. de Gasper, Alexander C. Vibrans, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Eduardo van den Berg, Renato A. F. Lima
Understanding the mechanisms controlling forest carbon storage is crucial to support “nature-based” solutions for climate change mitigation. We used a dataset of 892 Atlantic Forest inventories to assess the direct and indirect effects of environmental conditions, human impacts, tree community proprieties, and sampling methods on tree above-ground carbon stocks. We showed that the widely accepted drivers
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Lessons from SARS-CoV-2 in India: A data-driven framework for pandemic resilience Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Maxwell Salvatore, Soumik Purkayastha, Lakshmi Ganapathi, Rupam Bhattacharyya, Ritoban Kundu, Lauren Zimmermann, Debashree Ray, Aditi Hazra, Michael Kleinsasser, Sunil Solomon, Ramnath Subbaraman, Bhramar Mukherjee
India experienced a massive surge in SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths during April to June 2021 despite having controlled the epidemic relatively well during 2020. Using counterfactual predictions from epidemiological disease transmission models, we produce evidence in support of how strengthening public health interventions early would have helped control transmission in the country and significantly
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Development of a physiological insulin resistance model in human stem cell–derived adipocytes Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Max Friesen, Andrew S. Khalil, M. Inmaculada Barrasa, Jacob F. Jeppesen, David J. Mooney, Rudolf Jaenisch
Adipocytes are key regulators of human metabolism, and their dysfunction in insulin signaling is central to metabolic diseases including type II diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the progression of insulin resistance into T2D is still poorly understood. This limited understanding is due, in part, to the dearth of suitable models of insulin signaling in human adipocytes. Traditionally, adipocyte models
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Structure of the rabies virus glycoprotein trimer bound to a prefusion-specific neutralizing antibody Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Heather M. Callaway, Dawid Zyla, Florence Larrous, Guilherme Dias de Melo, Kathryn M. Hastie, Ruben Diaz Avalos, Alyssa Agarwal, Davide Corti, Hervé Bourhy, Erica Ollmann Saphire
Rabies infection is nearly 100% lethal if untreated and kills more than 50,000 people annually, many of them children. Existing rabies vaccines target the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) but generate short-lived immune responses, likely because the protein is heterogeneous under physiological conditions. Here, we report the 3.39 Å cryo–electron microscopy structure of trimeric, prefusion RABV-G
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High-speed acoustic holography with arbitrary scattering objects Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Ryuji Hirayama, Giorgos Christopoulos, Diego Martinez Plasencia, Sriram Subramanian
Recent advances in high-speed acoustic holography have enabled levitation-based volumetric displays with tactile and audio sensations. However, current approaches do not compute sound scattering of objects’ surfaces; thus, any physical object inside can distort the sound field. Here, we present a fast computational technique that allows high-speed multipoint levitation even with arbitrary sound-scattering
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Conjugated microporous polymer membranes for light-gated ion transport Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Zongyao Zhou, I-Chun Chen, Lubna M. Rehman, Ammar M. Aboalsaud, Digambar B. Shinde, Li Cao, Yuting Zhang, Zhiping Lai
Inspired by the light-gated ion channels in cell membranes that play important roles in many biological activities, herein, we developed an artificial light-gated ion channel membrane out of conjugated microporous polymers. Through bottom-up design of the monomer molecular structure and by the electropolymerization method, the membrane pore size and thickness were precisely controlled on the molecular
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Sequential compound fusion and kiss-and-run mediate exo- and endocytosis in excitable cells Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Lihao Ge, Wonchul Shin, Gianvito Arpino, Lisi Wei, Chung Yu Chan, Christopher K. E. Bleck, Weidong Zhao, Ling-Gang Wu
Vesicle fusion at preestablished plasma membrane release sites releases transmitters and hormones to mediate fundamental functions like neuronal network activities and fight-or-flight responses. This half-a-century-old concept—fusion at well-established release sites in excitable cells—needs to be modified to include the sequential compound fusion reported here—vesicle fusion at previously fused Ω-shaped
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Concealable physically unclonable function chip with a memristor array Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Bin Gao, Bohan Lin, Yachuan Pang, Feng Xu, Yuyao Lu, Yen-Cheng Chiu, Zhengwu Liu, Jianshi Tang, Meng-Fan Chang, He Qian, Huaqiang Wu
A physically unclonable function (PUF) is a creditable and lightweight solution to the mistrust in billions of Internet of Things devices. Because of this remarkable importance, PUF need to be immune to multifarious attack means. Making the PUF concealable is considered an effective countermeasure but it is not feasible for existing PUF designs. The bottleneck is finding a reproducible randomness source
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Amphotericin B assembles into seven-molecule ion channels: An NMR and molecular dynamics study Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Yuichi Umegawa, Tomoya Yamamoto, Mayank Dixit, Kosuke Funahashi, Sangjae Seo, Yasuo Nakagawa, Taiga Suzuki, Shigeru Matsuoka, Hiroshi Tsuchikawa, Shinya Hanashima, Tohru Oishi, Nobuaki Matsumori, Wataru Shinoda, Michio Murata
Amphotericin B, an antifungal drug with a long history of use, forms fungicidal ion-permeable channels across cell membranes. Using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we experimentally elucidated the three-dimensional structure of the molecular assemblies formed by this drug in membranes in the presence of the fungal sterol ergosterol. A stable assembly
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Female reproductive life span is extended by targeted removal of fibrotic collagen from the mouse ovary Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Takashi Umehara, Yasmyn E. Winstanley, Eryk Andreas, Atsushi Morimoto, Elisha J. Williams, Kirsten M. Smith, John Carroll, Mark A. Febbraio, Masayuki Shimada, Darryl L. Russell, Rebecca L. Robker
The female ovary contains a finite number of oocytes, and their release at ovulation becomes sporadic and disordered with aging and with obesity, leading to loss of fertility. Understanding the molecular defects underpinning this pathology is essential as age of childbearing and obesity rates increase globally. We identify that fibrosis within the ovarian stromal compartment is an underlying mechanism
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BACE-1 inhibition facilitates the transition from homeostatic microglia to DAM-1 Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Neeraj Singh, Marc R. Benoit, John Zhou, Brati Das, Jose Davila-Velderrain, Manolis Kellis, Li-Huei Tsai, Xiangyou Hu, Riqiang Yan
BACE-1 is required for generating β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we report that microglial BACE-1 regulates the transition of homeostatic to stage 1 disease-associated microglia (DAM-1) signature. BACE-1 deficiency elevated levels of transcription factors including Jun , Jund , Btg2 , Erg1 , Junb , Fos , and Fosb in the transition signature, which transition from more homeostatic
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Observing separate spin and charge Fermi seas in a strongly correlated one-dimensional conductor Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Pedro M. T. Vianez, Yiqing Jin, María Moreno, Ankita S. Anirban, Anne Anthore, Wooi Kiat Tan, Jonathan P. Griffiths, Ian Farrer, David A. Ritchie, Andrew J. Schofield, Oleksandr Tsyplyatyev, Christopher J. B. Ford
An electron is usually considered to have only one form of kinetic energy, but could it have more, for its spin and charge, by exciting other electrons? In one dimension (1D), the physics of interacting electrons is captured well at low energies by the Tomonaga-Luttinger model, yet little has been observed experimentally beyond this linear regime. Here, we report on measurements of many-body modes
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Discovery of distinct lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and the Gutenberg discontinuity in the Atlantic Ocean Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Pranav Audhkhasi, Satish C. Singh
The plate tectonic theory requires a rigid lithosphere floating over a weak asthenosphere, separated by the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, which has been sometimes interpreted as the Gutenberg discontinuity. Using a deep seismic reflection technique, we report the presence of two continuous reflections covering 27 Ma to 58 Ma oceanic lithosphere in the Atlantic Ocean. We find that the upper reflection
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Metal ion–regulated assembly of designed modular protein cages Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-17 Jana Aupič, Fabio Lapenta, Žiga Strmšek, Estera Merljak, Tjaša Plaper, Roman Jerala
Coiled-coil (CC) dimers are versatile, customizable building modules for the design of diverse protein architectures unknown in nature. Incorporation of dynamic self-assembly, regulated by a selected chemical signal, represents an important challenge in the construction of functional polypeptide nanostructures. Here, we engineered metal binding sites to render an orthogonal set of CC heterodimers Zn(II)-responsive
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Wide-range robust wireless power transfer using heterogeneously coupled and flippable neutrals in parity-time symmetry Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Hyunwoo Kim, Seungwon Yoo, Hyunwoo Joo, Jongheon Lee, Donggeun An, Seonghyeon Nam, Hyungu Han, Dae-Hyeong Kim, Sanghoek Kim
Recently, stationary wireless power transfer (WPT) has been widely adopted in commercial devices. However, the current WPT configuration is limited in its operational area and susceptible to operating condition changes, impeding its applications for dynamic environments. To overcome the limitations, we propose a WPT system with laterally aligned neutral elements in parity-time (PT) symmetry, which
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Neuroligin-3 confines AMPA receptors into nanoclusters, thereby controlling synaptic strength at the calyx of Held synapses Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Ying Han, Ran Cao, Liming Qin, Lulu Y. Chen, Ai-Hui Tang, Thomas C. Südhof, Bo Zhang
The subsynaptic organization of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors into nanoclusters that are aligned with presynaptic release sites is essential for the high fidelity of synaptic transmission. However, the mechanisms controlling the nanoscale organization of neurotransmitter receptors in vivo remain incompletely understood. Here, we deconstructed the role of neuroligin-3 (Nlgn3), a postsynaptic
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The intersectional privilege of white able-bodied heterosexual men in STEM Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Erin A. Cech
A foundational assumption of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) inequality research is that members of the most well represented demographic group—white able-bodied heterosexual men (WAHM)—are uniquely privileged in STEM. But is this really the case? Using survey data of U.S. STEM professionals ( N = 25,324), this study examines whether WAHM experience better treatment and rewards in
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Universal optothermal micro/nanoscale rotors Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Hongru Ding, Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara, Youngsun Kim, Abhay Kotnala, Jingang Li, Zhihan Chen, Yuebing Zheng
Rotation of micro/nano-objects is important for micro/nanorobotics, three-dimensional imaging, and lab-on-a-chip systems. Optical rotation techniques are especially attractive because of their fuel-free and remote operation. However, current techniques require laser beams with designed intensity profile and polarization or objects with sophisticated shapes or optical birefringence. These requirements
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HYPK promotes the activity of the N α -acetyltransferase A complex to determine proteostasis of nonAc-X 2 /N-degron–containing proteins Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Pavlína Miklánková, Eric Linster, Jean-Baptiste Boyer, Jonas Weidenhausen, Johannes Mueller, Laura Armbruster, Karine Lapouge, Carolina De La Torre, Willy Bienvenut, Carsten Sticht, Matthias Mann, Thierry Meinnel, Irmgard Sinning, Carmela Giglione, Rüdiger Hell, Markus Wirtz
In humans, the Huntingtin yeast partner K (HYPK) binds to the ribosome-associated N α -acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex that acetylates ~40% of the proteome in humans and Arabidopsis thaliana . However, the relevance of Hs HYPK for determining the human N-acetylome is unclear. Here, we identify the At HYPK protein as the first in vivo regulator of NatA activity in plants . At HYPK physically interacts
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Tet2 coordinates with Foxo1 and Runx1 to balance T follicular helper cell and T helper 1 cell differentiation Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Andrew Baessler, Camille L. Novis, Zuolian Shen, Jelena Perovanovic, Mark Wadsworth, Kendall A. Thiede, Linda M. Sircy, Malia Harrison-Chau, Nguyen X. Nguyen, Katherine E. Varley, Dean Tantin, J. Scott Hale
In response to various types of infection, naïve CD4 + T cells differentiate into diverse helper T cell subsets; however, the epigenetic programs that regulate differentiation in response to viral infection remain poorly understood. Demethylation of CpG dinucleotides by Tet methylcytosine dioxygenases is a key component of epigenetic programing that promotes specific gene expression, cellular differentiation
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Boundary domain genes were recruited to suppress bract growth and promote branching in maize Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Yuguo Xiao, Jinyan Guo, Zhaobin Dong, Annis Richardson, Erin Patterson, Sidney Mangrum, Seth Bybee, Edoardo Bertolini, Madelaine Bartlett, George Chuck, Andrea L. Eveland, Michael J. Scanlon, Clinton Whipple
Grass inflorescence development is diverse and complex and involves sophisticated but poorly understood interactions of genes regulating branch determinacy and leaf growth. Here, we use a combination of transcript profiling and genetic and phylogenetic analyses to investigate tasselsheath1 ( tsh1 ) and tsh4 , two maize genes that simultaneously suppress inflorescence leaf growth and promote branching
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Depletion of oocyte dynamin-related protein 1 shows maternal-effect abnormalities in embryonic development Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Deepak Adhikari, In-won Lee, Usama Al-Zubaidi, Jun Liu, Qing-Hua Zhang, Wai Shan Yuen, Likun He, Yasmyn Winstanley, Hiromi Sesaki, Jeffrey R. Mann, Rebecca L. Robker, John Carroll
Eggs contain about 200,000 mitochondria that generate adenosine triphosphate and metabolites essential for oocyte development. Mitochondria also integrate metabolism and transcription via metabolites that regulate epigenetic modifiers, but there is no direct evidence linking oocyte mitochondrial function to the maternal epigenome and subsequent embryo development. Here, we have disrupted oocyte mitochondrial
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Autonomous push button–controlled rapid insulin release from a piezoelectrically activated subcutaneous cell implant Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Haijie Zhao, Shuai Xue, Marie-Didiée Hussherr, Ana Palma Teixeira, Martin Fussenegger
Traceless physical cues are desirable for remote control of the in situ production and real-time dosing of biopharmaceuticals in cell-based therapies. However, current optogenetic, magnetogenetic, or electrogenetic devices require sophisticated electronics, complex artificial intelligence–assisted software, and external energy supplies for power and control. Here, we describe a self-sufficient subcutaneous
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Projections of future forest degradation and CO 2 emissions for the Brazilian Amazon Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Talita O. Assis, Ana Paula D. Aguiar, Celso von Randow, Carlos A. Nobre
In recent years, the area affected by forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon has frequently been higher than deforestation. From August 2006 to July 2019, the degraded area totaled 194,058 km 2 , representing almost two times the 99,630 km 2 deforested in the same period. The impacts of degradation include biodiversity loss and changes in the carbon stocks, affecting the CO 2 balance and future
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Enantiosensitive steering of free-induction decay Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Margarita Khokhlova, Emilio Pisanty, Serguei Patchkovskii, Olga Smirnova, Misha Ivanov
Chiral discrimination, a problem of vital importance, has recently become an emerging frontier in ultrafast physics, with remarkable progress achieved in multiphoton and strong-field regimes. Rydberg excitations, unavoidable in the strong-field regime and intentional for few-photon processes, arise in all these approaches. Here, we show how to harness this ubiquitous feature by introducing a new phenomenon
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Biophysical aspects underlying the swarm to biofilm transition Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Vasco M. Worlitzer, Ajesh Jose, Ilana Grinberg, Markus Bär, Sebastian Heidenreich, Avigdor Eldar, Gil Ariel, Avraham Be’er
Bacteria organize in a variety of collective states, from swarming—rapid surface exploration, to biofilms—highly dense immobile communities attributed to stress resistance. It has been suggested that biofilm and swarming are oppositely controlled, making this transition particularly interesting for understanding the ability of bacterial colonies to adapt to challenging environments. Here, the swarm
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Semicircular canal size constrains vestibular function in miniaturized frogs Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Richard L. Essner, Rudá E. E. Pereira, David C. Blackburn, Amber L. Singh, Edward L. Stanley, Mauricio O. Moura, André E. Confetti, Marcio R. Pie
Miniaturization has evolved repeatedly in frogs in the moist leaf litter environments of rainforests worldwide. Miniaturized frogs are among the world’s smallest vertebrates and exhibit an array of enigmatic features. One area where miniaturization has predictable consequences is the vestibular system, which acts as a gyroscope, providing sensory information about movement and orientation. We investigated
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EagleC: A deep-learning framework for detecting a full range of structural variations from bulk and single-cell contact maps Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Xiaotao Wang, Yu Luan, Feng Yue
The Hi-C technique has been shown to be a promising method to detect structural variations (SVs) in human genomes. However, algorithms that can use Hi-C data for a full-range SV detection have been severely lacking. Current methods can only identify interchromosomal translocations and long-range intrachromosomal SVs (>1 Mb) at less-than-optimal resolution. Therefore, we develop EagleC, a framework
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A long noncoding RNA promotes parasite differentiation in African trypanosomes Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Fabien Guegan, K. Shanmugha Rajan, Fábio Bento, Daniel Pinto-Neves, Mariana Sequeira, Natalia Gumińska, Seweryn Mroczek, Andrzej Dziembowski, Smadar Cohen-Chalamish, Tirza Doniger, Beathrice Galili, Antonio M. Estévez, Cedric Notredame, Shulamit Michaeli, Luisa M. Figueiredo
The parasite Trypanosoma brucei causes African sleeping sickness that is fatal to patients if untreated. Parasite differentiation from a replicative slender form into a quiescent stumpy form promotes host survival and parasite transmission. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate cell differentiation in other eukaryotes. To determine whether lncRNAs are also involved in parasite differentiation
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Steroid nuclear receptor coactivator 2 controls immune tolerance by promoting induced T reg differentiation via up-regulating Nr4a2 Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Wencan Zhang, Xu Cao, Xiancai Zhong, Hongmin Wu, Mingye Feng, Yousang Gwack, Isakov Noah, Zuoming Sun
Steroid nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (SRC2) is a member of a family of transcription coactivators. While SRC1 inhibits the differentiation of regulatory T cells (T regs ) critical for establishing immune tolerance, we show here that SRC2 stimulates T reg differentiation. SRC2 is dispensable for the development of thymic T regs , whereas naive CD4 + T cells from mice deficient of SRC2 specific in
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Volatility in coral cover erodes niche structure, but not diversity, in reef fish assemblages Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Cheng-Han Tsai, Hugh P. A. Sweatman, Loïc M. Thibaut, Sean R. Connolly
The world’s coral reefs are experiencing increasing volatility in coral cover, largely because of anthropogenic environmental change, highlighting the need to understand how such volatility will influence the structure and dynamics of reef assemblages. These changes may influence not only richness or evenness but also the temporal stability of species’ relative abundances (temporal beta-diversity)
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Setting of the magnetic structure of chiral kagome antiferromagnets by a seeded spin-orbit torque Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Banabir Pal, Binoy K. Hazra, Börge Göbel, Jae-Chun Jeon, Avanindra K. Pandeya, Anirban Chakraborty, Oliver Busch, Abhay K. Srivastava, Hakan Deniz, James M. Taylor, Holger Meyerheim, Ingrid Mertig, See-Hun Yang, Stuart S. P. Parkin
The current-induced spin-orbit torque switching of ferromagnets has had huge impact in spintronics. However, short spin-diffusion lengths limit the thickness of switchable ferromagnetic layers, thereby limiting their thermal stability. Here, we report a previously unobserved seeded spin-orbit torque (SSOT) by which current can set the magnetic states of even thick layers of the chiral kagome antiferromagnet
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Polarization-selective reconfigurability in hybridized-active-dielectric nanowires Sci. Adv. (IF 14.136) Pub Date : 2022-06-15 June Sang Lee, Nikolaos Farmakidis, C. David Wright, Harish Bhaskaran
Wavelength and polarization are two fundamental properties of light within which information can be encoded and (de)multiplexed. While wavelength-selective systems have widely proliferated, polarization-addressable active photonics has not seen notable progress, primarily because tunable and polarization-selective nanostructures have been elusive. Here, we introduce hybridized-active-dielectric (HAD)