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Robust parahydrogen-induced polarization at high concentrations Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Laurynas Dagys, Martin C. Korzeczek, Anna J. Parker, James Eills, John W. Blanchard, Christian Bengs, Malcolm H. Levitt, Stephan Knecht, Ilai Schwartz, Martin B. Plenio
Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) is a potent technique for generating target molecules with high nuclear spin polarization. The PHIP process involves a chemical reaction between parahydrogen and a target molecule, followed by the transformation of nuclear singlet spin order into magnetization of a designated target nucleus through magnetic field manipulations. Although the singlet-to-magnetization
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Computational synthesis of locomotive soft robots by topology optimization Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Hiroki Kobayashi, Farzad Gholami, S. Macrae Montgomery, Masato Tanaka, Liang Yue, Changyoung Yuhn, Yuki Sato, Atsushi Kawamoto, H. Jerry Qi, Tsuyoshi Nomura
Locomotive soft robots (SoRos) have gained prominence due to their adaptability. Traditional locomotive SoRo design is based on limb structures inspired by biological organisms and requires human intervention. Evolutionary robotics, designed using evolutionary algorithms (EAs), have shown potential for automatic design. However, EA-based methods face the challenge of high computational cost when considering
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A water-resistant, ultrathin, conformable organic photodetector for vital sign monitoring Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Baocai Du, Sixing Xiong, Lulu Sun, Yusaku Tagawa, Daishi Inoue, Daisuke Hashizume, Wenqing Wang, Ruiqi Guo, Tomoyuki Yokota, Shuxu Wang, Yasuhiro Ishida, Sunghoon Lee, Kenjiro Fukuda, Takao Someya
Ultrathin flexible photodetectors can be conformably integrated with the human body, offering promising advancements for emerging skin-interfaced sensors. However, the susceptibility to degradation in ambient and particularly in aqueous environments hinders their practical application. Here, we report a 3.2-micrometer-thick water-resistant organic photodetector capable of reliably monitoring vital
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In vitro selection and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 nirmatrelvir resistance mutations contributing to clinical virus resistance surveillance Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Yuao Zhu, Irina Yurgelonis, Stephen Noell, Qingyi Yang, Shunjie Guan, Zhenghui Li, Li Hao, Hussin Rothan, Devendra K. Rai, Patricia McMonagle, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Samantha E. Greasley, Olga Plotnikova, Jonathan Lee, Jennifer A. Nicki, RoseAnn Ferre, Laura J. Byrnes, Wei Liu, Timothy K. Craig, Claire M. Steppan, Paul Liberator, Holly D. Soares, Charlotte M. N. Allerton, Annaliesa S. Anderson, Rhonda
To facilitate the detection and management of potential clinical antiviral resistance, in vitro selection of drug-resistant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) against the virus M pro inhibitor nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid active component) was conducted. Six M pro mutation patterns containing T304I alone or in combination with T21I, L50F, T135I, S144A, or A173V emerged, with A173V+T304I
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“Two-birds-one-stone” oral nanotherapeutic designed to target intestinal integrins and regulate redox homeostasis for UC treatment Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Long Huang, Wei Hu, Long Qun Huang, Qin Xuan Zhou, Zheng Yang Song, Heng Yu Tao, Bing Xu, Can Yang Zhang, Yi Wang, Xin-Hui Xing
Designing highly efficient orally administrated nanotherapeutics with specific inflammatory site–targeting functions in the gastrointestinal tract for ulcerative colitis (UC) management is a noteworthy challenge. Here, we focused on exploring a specific targeting oral nanotherapy, serving as “one stone,” for the directed localization of inflammation and the regulation of redox homeostasis, thereby
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Low-temperature dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for production of H 2 and carbon materials using liquid metal catalysts Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Felipe Polo-Garzon, Zili Wu, Yuanyuan Li, Junyan Zhang, Xinbin Yu, Elena Toups, Eddie Lopez-Honorato, Joshua T. Damron, Jeffrey C. Foster, Yongqiang Cheng, Luke L. Daemen, Anibal J. Ramirez-Cuesta, Harry M. Meyer
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is ubiquitous in everyday life; however, it is not recycled because it degrades uncontrollably into toxic products above 250°C. Therefore, it is of interest to controllably dechlorinate PVC at mild temperatures to generate narrowly distributed carbon materials. We present a catalytic route to dechlorinate PVC (~90% reduction of Cl content) at mild temperature (200°C) to produce
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Dietary and water restriction leads to increased susceptibility to antimicrobial resistant pathogens Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Keenan A. Lacey, Adam M. Pickrum, Sandra Gonzalez, Eric Bartnicki, Ashley H. Castellaw, Tori C. Rodrick, Drew R. Jones, Kamal M. Khanna, Victor J. Torres
Dehydration and malnutrition are common and often underdiagnosed in hospital settings. Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections result in more than 35,000 deaths a year in nosocomial patients. The effect of temporal dietary and water restriction (DWR) on susceptibility to multidrug-resistant pathogens is unknown. We report that DWR markedly increased susceptibility to systemic infection by ESKAPE pathogens
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Optical and electronic functionality arising from controlled defect formation in nanoscale complex oxide lateral epitaxy Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Rui Liu, Tesia D. Janicki, Samuel D. Marks, Deepankar Sri Gyan, Peng Zuo, Donald E. Savage, Tao Zhou, Zhonghou Cai, Martin Holt, Serkan Butun, Shaoning Lu, Nasir Basit, Xiaobing Hu, Tirzah Abbott, Nathaniel Kabat, Wei Li, Qian Li, Kyle P. Kelley, Rama K. Vasudevan, J. R. Schmidt, Susan E. Babcock, Paul G. Evans
Epitaxial crystallization of complex oxides provides the means to create materials with precisely selected composition, strain, and orientation, thereby controlling their functionalities. Extending this control to nanoscale three-dimensional geometries can be accomplished via a three-dimensional analog of oxide solid-phase epitaxy, lateral epitaxial crystallization. The orientation of crystals within
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Single-cell RNA-seq reveals distinct metabolic “microniches” and close host-symbiont interactions in deep-sea chemosynthetic tubeworm Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Hao Wang, Hongxiu Xiao, Buhan Feng, Yi Lan, Cheuk Wang Fung, Huan Zhang, Guoyong Yan, Chao Lian, Zhaoshan Zhong, Jing Li, Minxiao Wang, Angela Ruohao Wu, Chaolun Li, Pei-Yuan Qian
Vestimentiferan tubeworms that thrive in deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems rely on a single species of sulfide-oxidizing gammaproteobacterial endosymbionts housed in a specialized symbiotic organ called trophosome as their primary carbon source. While this simple symbiosis is remarkably productive, the host-symbiont molecular interactions remain unelucidated. Here, we applied an approach for deep-sea
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Quantitative softness and texture bimodal haptic sensors for robotic clinical feature identification and intelligent picking Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Ye Qiu, Fangnan Wang, Zhuang Zhang, Kuanqiang Shi, Yi Song, Jiutian Lu, Minjia Xu, Mengyuan Qian, Wenan Zhang, Jixuan Wu, Zheng Zhang, Hao Chai, Aiping Liu, Hanqing Jiang, Huaping Wu
Replicating human somatosensory networks in robots is crucial for dexterous manipulation, ensuring the appropriate grasping force for objects of varying softness and textures. Despite advances in artificial haptic sensing for object recognition, accurately quantifying haptic perceptions to discern softness and texture remains challenging. Here, we report a methodology that uses a bimodal haptic sensor
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Near-infrared luminescent open-shell π-conjugated systems with a bright lowest-energy zwitterionic singlet excited state Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Craig P. Yu, Rituparno Chowdhury, Yao Fu, Pratyush Ghosh, Weixuan Zeng, Tarig B. E. Mustafa, Jeannine Grüne, Lucy E. Walker, Daniel G. Congrave, Xian Wei Chua, Petri Murto, Akshay Rao, Henning Sirringhaus, Felix Plasser, Clare P. Grey, Richard H. Friend, Hugo Bronstein
Open-shell systems with extensive π-conjugation have fascinating properties due to their narrow bandgaps and spin interactions. In this work, we report neutral open-shell di- and polyradical conjugated materials exhibiting intriguing optical and magnetic properties. Our key design advance is the planarized geometry allowing for greater interaction between adjacent spins. This results in absorption
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Macrophage depletion protects against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Cathy Yea Won Sung, Naoki Hayase, Peter S. T. Yuen, John Lee, Katharine Fernandez, Xuzhen Hu, Hui Cheng, Robert A. Star, Mark E. Warchol, Lisa L. Cunningham
Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug with notable side effects including ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Macrophages, the major resident immune cells in the cochlea and kidney, are important drivers of both inflammatory and tissue repair responses. To investigate the roles of macrophages in cisplatin-induced toxicities, we used PLX3397, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved inhibitor of
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Light-activated CRISPR-Cas12a for amplified imaging of microRNA in cell cycle phases at single-cell levels Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Hong Liu, Jiantong Dong, Zhijuan Duan, Fan Xia, Itamar Willner, Fujian Huang
An ortho-nitrobenzyl phosphate ester–caged nucleic acid hairpin structure coupled to the CRISPR-Cas12a complex is introduced as a functional reaction module for the light-induced activation of the CRISPR-Cas12a (LAC12a) machinery toward the amplified fluorescence detection of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21). The LAC12a machinery is applied for the selective, in vitro sensing of miRNA-21 and for the intracellular
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The TCR assigns naive T cells to a preferred lymph node Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Peter C. de Greef, Sospeter Ngoci Njeru, Claudia Benz, Simon Fillatreau, Bernard Malissen, Fabien Agenès, Rob J. de Boer, Jörg Kirberg
Naive T cells recirculate between the spleen and lymph nodes where they mount immune responses when meeting dendritic cells presenting foreign antigen. As this may happen anywhere, naive T cells ought to visit all lymph nodes. Here, deep sequencing almost-complete TCR repertoires led to a comparison of different lymph nodes within and between individual mice. We find strong evidence for a deterministic
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Trait-mediated speciation and human-driven extinctions in proboscideans revealed by unsupervised Bayesian neural networks Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Torsten Hauffe, Juan L. Cantalapiedra, Daniele Silvestro
Species life-history traits, paleoenvironment, and biotic interactions likely influence speciation and extinction rates, affecting species richness over time. Birth-death models inferring the impact of these factors typically assume monotonic relationships between single predictors and rates, limiting our ability to assess more complex effects and their relative importance and interaction. We introduce
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Discovery of the final primitive Frank-Kasper phase of clathrate hydrates Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Sanehiro Muromachi, Satoshi Takeya
In weakly bound materials such as water, one of the three primitive Frank-Kasper (FK) phases, the Z phase, is long absent due to the relatively unstable framework. The Z phase in clathrate hydrate, which is known as the HS-I structure, has now been found by precise tuning of the molecular guest structure. In the crystal structure, the never stabilized combination water cage of two 15-hedra and two
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Engineering quantum states from a spatially structured quantum eraser Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Carlo Schiano, Bereneice Sephton, Roberto Aiello, Francesco Graffitti, Nijil Lal, Andrea Chiuri, Simone Santoro, Luigi Santamaria Amato, Lorenzo Marrucci, Corrado de Lisio, Vincenzo D’Ambrosio
Quantum interference is a central resource in many quantum-enhanced tasks, from computation to communication. While usually occurring between identical photons, it can also be enabled by performing projective measurements that render the photons indistinguishable, a process known as quantum erasing. Structured light forms another hallmark of photonics, achieved by manipulating the degrees of freedom
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Evidence of both molecular cloud and fluid chemistry in Ryugu regolith Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Maitrayee Bose, Robert A. Root, Yunbin Guan, Jacob Eaton, Axel Wittmann, Thomas Skrmetti, Steven J. Desch
The sulfur chemistry of (162173) Ryugu particles can be a powerful tracer of molecular cloud chemistry and small body processes, but it has not been well explored. We report identification of organosulfurs and a sulfate grain in two Ryugu particles, A0070 and A0093. The sulfate grain shows oxygen isotope ratios (δ 17 O = −11.0 ± 4.3 per mil, δ 18 O = −7.8 ± 2.3 per mil) that are akin to silicates in
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Astrocytes control quiescent NSC reactivation via GPCR signaling–mediated F-actin remodeling Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Kun-Yang Lin, Mahekta R. Gujar, Jiaen Lin, Wei Yung Ding, Jiawen Huang, Yang Gao, Ye Sing Tan, Xiang Teng, Low Siok Lan Christine, Pakorn Kanchanawong, Yusuke Toyama, Hongyan Wang
The transitioning of neural stem cells (NSCs) between quiescent and proliferative states is fundamental for brain development and homeostasis. Defects in NSC reactivation are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Drosophila quiescent NSCs extend an actin-rich primary protrusion toward the neuropil. However, the function of the actin cytoskeleton during NSC reactivation is unknown. Here, we
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Atf3-mediated metabolic reprogramming in hepatic macrophage orchestrates metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Shuwei Hu, Rui Li, Dongxu Gong, Pei Hu, Jitu Xu, Yingjie Ai, Xiaojie Zhao, Chencheng Hu, Minghuan Xu, Chenxi Liu, Shuyu Chen, Jie Fan, Zhonghua Zhao, Zhigang Zhang, Huijuan Wu, Yanyong Xu
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is regulated by complex interplay between the macrophages and surrounding cells in the liver. Here, we show that Atf3 regulates glucose-fatty acid cycle in macrophages attenuates hepatocyte steatosis, and fibrogenesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Overexpression of Atf3 in macrophages protects against the development of MASH in Western diet–fed
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N -Heterocyclic carbene catalytic 1,2-boron migrative acylation accelerated by photocatalysis Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Hua Huang, Zhao-Yuan Yu, Lu-Yao Han, Yi-Qi Wu, Lu Jiang, Qing-Zhu Li, Wei Huang, Bo Han, Jun-Long Li
The transformation of organoboron compounds plays an important role in synthetic chemistry, and recent advancements in boron-migration reactions have garnered considerable attention. Here, we report an unprecedented 1,2-boron migrative acylation upon photocatalysis-facilitated N -heterocyclic carbene catalysis. The design of a redox-active boronic ester substrate, serving as an excellent β-boron radical
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Leading role of Saharan dust on tropical cyclone rainfall in the Atlantic Basin Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Laiyin Zhu, Yuan Wang, Dan Chavas, Max Johncox, Yuk L. Yung
Tropical cyclone rainfall (TCR) extensively affects coastal communities, primarily through inland flooding. The impact of global climate changes on TCR is complex and debatable. This study uses an XGBoost machine learning model with 19-year meteorological data and hourly satellite precipitation observations to predict TCR for individual storms. The model identifies dust optical depth (DOD) as a key
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High-precision U-Pb zircon dating identifies a major magmatic event on the Moon at 4.338 Ga Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Mélanie Barboni, Dawid Szymanowski, Blair Schoene, Nicolas Dauphas, Zhe J. Zhang, Xi Chen, Kevin D. McKeegan
The Moon has had a complex history, with evidence of its primary crust formation obscured by later impacts. Existing U-Pb dates of >500 zircons from several locations on the lunar nearside reveal a pronounced age peak at 4.33 billion years (Ga), suggesting a major, potentially global magmatic event. However, the precision of existing geochronology is insufficient to determine whether this peak represents
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Direct observational evidence of strong CO 2 uptake in the Southern Ocean Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-24 Yuanxu Dong, Dorothee C. E. Bakker, Thomas G. Bell, Mingxi Yang, Peter Landschützer, Judith Hauck, Christian Rödenbeck, Vassilis Kitidis, Seth M. Bushinsky, Peter S. Liss
The Southern Ocean is the primary region for the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and is, therefore, crucial for Earth’s climate. However, the Southern Ocean CO 2 flux estimates reveal substantial uncertainties and lack direct validation. Using seven independent and directly measured air-sea CO 2 flux datasets, we identify a 25% stronger CO 2 uptake in the Southern Ocean than shipboard
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Fault-tolerant one-bit addition with the smallest interesting color code Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Yang Wang, Selwyn Simsek, Thomas M. Gatterman, Justin A. Gerber, Kevin Gilmore, Dan Gresh, Nathan Hewitt, Chandler V. Horst, Mitchell Matheny, Tanner Mengle, Brian Neyenhuis, Ben Criger
Fault-tolerant operations based on stabilizer codes are the state of the art in suppressing error rates in quantum computations. Most such codes do not permit a straightforward implementation of non-Clifford logical operations, which are necessary to define a universal gate set. As a result, implementations of these operations must use either error-correcting codes with more complicated error correction
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Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020 Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Aashish Gupta, Payal Hathi, Murad Banaji, Prankur Gupta, Ridhi Kashyap, Vipul Paikra, Kanika Sharma, Anmol Somanchi, Nikkil Sudharsanan, Sangita Vyas
Global population health during the COVID-19 pandemic is poorly understood because of weak mortality monitoring in low- and middle-income countries. High-quality survey data on 765,180 individuals, representative of one-fourth of India’s population, uncover patterns missed by incomplete vital statistics and disease surveillance. Compared to 2019, life expectancy at birth was 2.6 years lower and mortality
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A fibronectin gradient remodels mixed-phase mesoderm Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Min Zhu, Bin Gu, Evan C. Thomas, Yunyun Huang, Yun-Kyo Kim, Hirotaka Tao, Theodora M. Yung, Xin Chen, Kaiwen Zhang, Elizabeth K. Woolaver, Mikaela R. Nevin, Xi Huang, Rudolph Winklbauer, Janet Rossant, Yu Sun, Sevan Hopyan
Physical processes ultimately shape tissue during development. Two emerging proposals are that cells migrate toward stiffer tissue (durotaxis) and that the extent of cell rearrangements reflects tissue phase, but it is unclear whether and how these concepts are related. Here, we identify fibronectin-dependent tissue stiffness as a control variable that underlies and unifies these phenomena in vivo
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A synchronous-twisting method to realize radial scalability in fibrous energy storage devices Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Zhenyu Zhou, Sijie Xie, Heng Cai, Alejandro N. Colli, Wouter Monnens, Qichong Zhang, Wei Guo, Wei Zhang, Ning Han, Hongwei Pan, Xueliang Zhang, Hui Pan, Zhenhong Xue, Xuan Zhang, Yagang Yao, Jin Zhang, Jan Fransaer
For wearable electronics, radial scalability is one of the key research areas for fibrous energy storage devices to be commercialized, but this field has been shelved for years due to the lack of effective methods and configuration arrangements. Here, the team presents a generalizable strategy to realize radial scalability by applying a synchronous-twisting method (STM) for synthesizing a coaxial-extensible
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Ultrastable piezoelectric biomaterial nanofibers and fabrics as an implantable and conformal electromechanical sensor patch Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Tong Li, Yongjiu Yuan, Long Gu, Jun Li, Yan Shao, Shan Yan, Yunhe Zhao, Corey Carlos, Yutao Dong, Hong Qian, Xiong Wang, Wenlong Wu, Steven Wang, Zuankai Wang, Xudong Wang
Poly( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) is a widely used U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved implantable biomaterial that also possesses strong piezoelectricity. However, the intrinsically low stability of its high-energy piezoelectric β phase and random domain orientations associated with current synthesis approaches remain a critical roadblock to practical applications. Here, we report an interfacial
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A global test of MPA spillover benefits to recreational fisheries Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Simone Franceschini, John Lynham, Elizabeth M. P. Madin
Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been identified as one of the most effective tools to halt marine biodiversity loss. However, conflicting evidence from disparate, small-scale studies obfuscate a cohesive global picture of the role that MPAs can play in enhancing local fisheries through spillover benefits. We conducted a global analysis of trophy-size fish catches as a proxy for spillover occurring
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R-loop resolution by ARIP4 helicase promotes androgen-mediated transcription induction Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Raissa Regina Ng, Zhongyang Lin, Yanmin Zhang, Shih Chieh Ti, Asif Javed, Jason Wing Hon Wong, Qingming Fang, Justin Wai Chung Leung, Alex Hin Ning Tang, Michael Shing Yan Huen
Pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at transcription start sites (TSSs) primes target genes for productive elongation. Coincidentally, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) enrich at highly transcribed and Pol II–paused genes, although their interplay remains undefined. Using androgen receptor (AR) signaling as a model, we have uncovered AR-interacting protein 4 (ARIP4) helicase as a driver of androgen-dependent
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Direct electromagnetic information processing with planar diffractive neural network Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Ze Gu, Qian Ma, Xinxin Gao, Jian Wei You, Tie Jun Cui
Diffractive neural network in electromagnetic wave–driven system has attracted great attention due to its ultrahigh parallel computing capability and energy efficiency. However, recent neural networks based on the diffractive framework still face the bottlenecks of misalignment and relatively large size limiting their further applications. Here, we propose a planar diffractive neural network (pla-NN)
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Inductive biases of neural network modularity in spatial navigation Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Ruiyi Zhang, Xaq Pitkow, Dora E. Angelaki
The brain may have evolved a modular architecture for daily tasks, with circuits featuring functionally specialized modules that match the task structure. We hypothesize that this architecture enables better learning and generalization than architectures with less specialized modules. To test this, we trained reinforcement learning agents with various neural architectures on a naturalistic navigation
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Transcriptional dynamics orchestrating the development and integration of neurons born in the adult hippocampus Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Natalí B. Rasetto, Damiana Giacomini, Ariel A. Berardino, Tomás Vega Waichman, Maximiliano S. Beckel, Daniela J. Di Bella, Juliana Brown, M. Georgina Davies-Sala, Chiara Gerhardinger, Dieter Chichung Lie, Paola Arlotta, Ariel Chernomoretz, Alejandro F. Schinder
The adult hippocampus generates new granule cells (aGCs) with functional capabilities that convey unique forms of plasticity to the preexisting circuits. While early differentiation of adult radial glia-like cells (RGLs) has been studied extensively, the molecular mechanisms guiding the maturation of postmitotic neurons remain unknown. Here, we used a precise birthdating strategy to study aGC differentiation
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DNA-mediated assembly of Au bipyramids into anisotropic light emitting kagome superlattices Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Zhiwei Li, Yein Lim, Ibrahim Tanriover, Wenjie Zhou, Yuanwei Li, Ye Zhang, Koray Aydin, Sharon C. Glotzer, Chad A. Mirkin
Colloidal crystal engineering with DNA allows one to design diverse superlattices with tunable lattice symmetry, composition, and spacing. Most of these structures follow the complementary contact model, maximizing DNA hybridization on building blocks and producing relatively close-packed lattices. Here, low-symmetry kagome superlattices are assembled from DNA-modified gold bipyramids that can engage
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Targeting conserved TIM3 + VISTA + tumor-associated macrophages overcomes resistance to cancer immunotherapy Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Isaure Vanmeerbeek, Stefan Naulaerts, Jenny Sprooten, Raquel S. Laureano, Jannes Govaerts, Rosa Trotta, Samantha Pretto, Shikang Zhao, Sarah Trusso Cafarello, Joren Verelst, Maarten Jacquemyn, Martyna Pociupany, Louis Boon, Susan M. Schlenner, Sabine Tejpar, Dirk Daelemans, Massimiliano Mazzone, Abhishek D. Garg
Despite the success of immunotherapy, overcoming immunoresistance in cancer remains challenging. We identified a unique niche of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), coexpressing T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing 3 (TIM3) and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), that dominated human and mouse tumors resistant to most of the currently used immunotherapies
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Huntingtin is an RNA binding protein and participates in NEAT1 -mediated paraspeckles Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Manisha Yadav, Rachel J. Harding, Tiantian Li, Xin Xu, Terence Gall-Duncan, Mahreen Khan, Costanza Ferrari Bardile, Glen L. Sequiera, Shili Duan, Renu Chandrasekaran, Anni Pan, Jiachuan Bu, Tomohiro Yamazaki, Tetsuro Hirose, Panagiotis Prinos, Lynette Tippett, Clinton Turner, Maurice A. Curtis, Richard L.M. Faull, Mahmoud A. Pouladi, Christopher E. Pearson, Housheng Hansen He, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
Huntingtin protein, mutated in Huntington’s disease, is implicated in nucleic acid–mediated processes, yet the evidence for direct huntingtin–nucleic acid interaction is limited. Here, we show wild-type and mutant huntingtin copurify with nucleic acids, primarily RNA, and interact directly with G-rich RNAs in in vitro assays. Huntingtin RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing from patient-derived fibroblasts
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Beta2 adrenergic receptor–mediated abnormal myelopoiesis drives neuroinflammation in aged patients with traumatic brain injury Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Rui Jiang, Zhichao Lu, Chenxing Wang, Jun Xiao, Qianqian Liu, Xide Xu, Jinlong Shi, Jianhong Shen, Xingjia Zhu, Peipei Gong, Qian-Xing Zhuang, Kaibin Shi, Wei Shi
Aged patients often suffer poorer neurological recovery than younger patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate abnormal myelopoiesis characterized by increased neutrophil and classical monocyte output but impaired nonclassical patrolling monocyte population in aged patients with TBI as well as in an aged murine TBI
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Small-molecule probe for IBD risk variant GPR65 I231L alters cytokine signaling networks through positive allosteric modulation Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Ilona Neale, Clark Reddy, Zher Yin Tan, Bihua Li, Partha P. Nag, Joshua Park, Jihye Park, Kimberly L. Carey, Daniel B. Graham, Ramnik J. Xavier
The proton-sensing heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein–coupled receptor GPR65 is expressed in immune cells and regulates tissue homeostasis in response to decreased extracellular pH, which occurs in the context of inflammation and tumorigenesis. Genome-wide association studies linked GPR65 to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel
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Designer cellular spheroids with DNA origami for drug screening Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Jiayi Wei, Yueyang Sun, Heming Wang, Tong Zhu, Li Li, Ying Zhou, Quan Liu, Zhen Dai, Wenjuan Li, Taihua Yang, Bingmei Wang, Changfeng Zhu, Xizhong Shen, Qunyan Yao, Guangqi Song, Yicheng Zhao, Hao Pei
Current in vitro models struggle to balance the complexity of human diseases with suitability for large-scale drug tests. While 3D cultures simulate human tissues, they lack cellular intricacy, and integrating these models with high-throughput drug screening remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a method that uses self-assembling nucleic acid nanostructures decorated living cells, termed NACs, to
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Whole-genome duplication in an algal symbiont bolsters coral heat tolerance Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Katherine E. Dougan, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Tim Kahlke, Raffaela M. Abbriano, Yibi Chen, Sarah Shah, Camila Granados-Cifuentes, Madeleine J. H. van Oppen, Debashish Bhattacharya, David J. Suggett, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Cheong Xin Chan
The algal endosymbiont Durusdinium trenchii enhances the resilience of coral reefs under thermal stress. D. trenchii can live freely or in endosymbiosis, and the analysis of genetic markers suggests that this species has undergone whole-genome duplication (WGD). However, the evolutionary mechanisms that underpin the thermotolerance of this species are largely unknown. Here, we present genome assemblies
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Manybody interferometry of quantum fluids Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Gabrielle Roberts, Andrei Vrajitoarea, Brendan Saxberg, Margaret G. Panetta, Jonathan Simon, David I. Schuster
Characterizing strongly correlated matter is an increasingly central challenge in quantum science, where structure is often obscured by massive entanglement. It is becoming clear that in the quantum regime, state preparation and characterization should not be treated separately—entangling the two processes provides a quantum advantage in information extraction. Here, we present an approach that we
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The urban desirability paradox: U.K. urban-rural differences in well-being, social satisfaction, and economic satisfaction Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Adam Finnemann, Karoline Huth, Denny Borsboom, Sacha Epskamp, Han van der Maas
As the majority of the global population resides in cities, it is imperative to understand urban well-being. While cities offer concentrated social and economic opportunities, the question arises whether these benefits translate to equitable levels of satisfaction in these domains. Using a robust and objective measure of urbanicity on a sample of 156,000 U.K. residents aged 40 and up, we find that
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Individual and collective manipulation of multifunctional bimodal droplets in three dimensions Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Mengmeng Sun, Bonan Sun, Myungjin Park, Shihao Yang, Yingdan Wu, Mingchao Zhang, Wenbin Kang, Jungwon Yoon, Li Zhang, Metin Sitti
Spatiotemporally controllable droplet manipulation is vital across numerous applications, particularly in miniature droplet robots known for their exceptional deformability. Despite notable advancements, current droplet control methods are predominantly limited to two-dimensional (2D) deformation and motion of an individual droplet, with minimal exploration of 3D manipulation and collective droplet
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Ultrafast spin transfer and its impact on the electronic structure Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Kamil Bobowski, Xinwei Zheng, Björn Frietsch, Dominic Lawrenz, Wibke Bronsch, Cornelius Gahl, Beatrice Andres, Christian Strüber, Robert Carley, Martin Teichmann, Andreas Scherz, Serguei Molodtsov, Cephise Cacho, Richard T. Chapman, Emma Springate, Martin Weinelt
Optically induced intersite spin transfer (OISTR) promises manipulation of spin systems within the ultimate time limit of laser excitation. Following its prediction, signatures of ultrafast spin transfer between oppositely aligned spin sublattices have been observed in magnetic alloys and multilayers. However, it is known neither from theory nor from experiment whether the band structure immediately
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Click3D: Click reaction across deep tissues for whole-organ 3D fluorescence imaging Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Iori Tamura, Daichi M. Sakamoto, Bo Yi, Yutaro Saito, Naoki Yamada, Jumpei Morimoto, Yoichi Takakusagi, Masafumi Kuroda, Shimpei I. Kubota, Hiroyuki Yatabe, Minoru Kobayashi, Hiroshi Harada, Kazuki Tainaka, Shinsuke Sando
Click chemistry offers various applications through efficient bioorthogonal reactions. In bioimaging, pretargeting strategies have often been used, using click reactions between molecular probes with a click handle and reporter molecules that make them observable. Recent efforts have integrated tissue-clearing techniques with fluorescent labeling through click chemistry, allowing high-resolution three-dimensional
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Electron bifurcation and fluoride efflux systems implicated in defluorination of perfluorinated unsaturated carboxylic acids by Acetobacterium spp Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yaochun Yu, Fengjun Xu, Weiyang Zhao, Calvin Thoma, Shun Che, Jack E. Richman, Bosen Jin, Yiwen Zhu, Yue Xing, Lawrence Wackett, Yujie Men
Enzymatic cleavage of C─F bonds in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is largely unknown but avidly sought to promote systems biology for PFAS bioremediation. Here, we report the reductive defluorination of α, β-unsaturated per- and polyfluorocarboxylic acids by Acetobacterium spp. The microbial defluorination products were structurally confirmed and showed regiospecificity and stereospecificity
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Mixotrophic growth of a ubiquitous marine diatom Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Manish Kumar, Juan D. Tibocha-Bonilla, Zoltán Füssy, Chloe Lieng, Sarah M. Schwenck, Alice V. Levesque, Mahmoud M. Al-Bassam, Anurag Passi, Maxwell Neal, Cristal Zuniga, Farrah Kaiyom, Josh L. Espinoza, Hyungyu Lim, Shawn W. Polson, Lisa Zeigler Allen, Karsten Zengler
Diatoms are major players in the global carbon cycle, and their metabolism is affected by ocean conditions. Understanding the impact of changing inorganic nutrients in the oceans on diatoms is crucial, given the changes in global carbon dioxide levels. Here, we present a genome-scale metabolic model ( i MK1961) for Cylindrotheca closterium , an in silico resource to understand uncharacterized metabolic
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Vulnerable fishes, inattentive humans Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Becca Franks
A comprehensive analysis of 2048 species of reef fishes reveals the shortcomings of human interest: The most at-risk species generally receive the least attention.
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Role of slip in hydrogen-assisted crack initiation in Ni-based alloy 725 Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Mengying Liu, Lai Jiang, Michael J. Demkowicz
We conduct in situ tensile straining experiments to investigate the role of hydrogen and slip in crack initiation in nickel-based alloy 725. Our experiments reveal no tendency for hydrogen to enhance localized slip and no necessity of slip for crack initiation. We use electrochemical charging to introduce hydrogen into samples, melt extraction to measure hydrogen content, and digital image correlation
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Global trends in clinical trials involving engineered biomaterials Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Mahim Lele, Shaunak Kapur, Sarah Hargett, Nivedhitha Malli Sureshbabu, Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
Engineered biomaterials are materials specifically designed to interact with biological systems for biomedical applications. This paper offers the comprehensive analysis of global clinical trial trends involving such materials. We surveyed 834 studies in the ClinicalTrials.gov database and explored biomaterial types, their initiation points, and durations in clinical trials. Predominantly, synthetic
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Dynamic STEM-EELS for single-atom and defect measurement during electron beam transformations Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Kevin M. Roccapriore, Riccardo Torsi, Joshua Robinson, Sergei Kalinin, Maxim Ziatdinov
This study introduces the integration of dynamic computer vision–enabled imaging with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This approach involves real-time discovery and analysis of atomic structures as they form, allowing us to observe the evolution of material properties at the atomic level, capturing transient states traditional techniques
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Repression of mRNA translation initiation by GIGYF1 via disrupting the eIF3-eIF4G1 interaction Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Jung-Hyun Choi, Jun Luo, Geoffrey G. Hesketh, Shuyue Guo, Angelos Pistofidis, Reese Jalal Ladak, Yuxin An, Parisa Naeli, Tommy Alain, T. Martin Schmeing, Anne-Claude Gingras, Thomas Duchaine, Xu Zhang, Nahum Sonenberg, Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
Viruses can selectively repress the translation of mRNAs involved in the antiviral response. RNA viruses exploit the Grb10-interacting GYF (glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine) proteins 2 (GIGYF2) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) homologous protein 4EHP to selectively repress the translation of transcripts such as Ifnb1 , which encodes the antiviral cytokine interferon-β (IFN-β).
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Robust, scalable, and highly selective spirocyclic catalysts for industrial hydroformylation and isomerization-hydroformylation Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yan Zong, Runtong Zhang, Baode Ma, Jianghua Peng, Chao Wu, Xiaomei Zou, Yu Qian, Gen-Qiang Chen, Xumu Zhang
Hydroformylation (HF) or isomerization-hydroformylation (ISO-HF) represents the most direct and practical route for producing aldehydes on an industrial scale. To resolve the issues of low activity, low linear/branched ( l/b ) ratio, and low stability in HF and ISO-HF, we herein reported a class of spirocyclic diphosphites. Notably, the ligand termed O -SDPhite afforded excellent catalytic activity
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Enhanced native chemical ligation by peptide conjugation in trifluoroacetic acid Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Dong-Liang Huang, Wu-Chen Guo, Wei-Wei Shi, Yun-Pu Gao, Yong-Kang Zhou, Long-Jie Wang, Chen Wang, Shan Tang, Lei Liu, Ji-Shen Zheng
Chemical ligation of peptides is increasingly used to generate proteins not readily accessible by recombinant approaches. However, a robust method to ligate “difficult” peptides remains to be developed. Here, we report an enhanced native chemical ligation strategy mediated by peptide conjugation in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The conjugation between a carboxyl-terminal peptide thiosalicylaldehyde thioester
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Stoichiometry and architecture of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Rafal Zdanowicz, Pavel Afanasyev, Adam Pruška, Julian A. Harrison, Christoph Giese, Daniel Boehringer, Alexander Leitner, Renato Zenobi, Rudi Glockshuber
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) is a key megaenzyme linking glycolysis with the citric acid cycle. In mammalian PDHc, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein (E3BP) form a 60-subunit core that associates with the peripheral subunits pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The structure and stoichiometry of
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Out of the blue: Hyperaccumulation of molybdenum in the Indo-Pacific sponge Theonella conica Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Shani Shoham, Ray Keren, Adi Lavy, Iryna Polishchuk, Boaz Pokroy, Micha Ilan
Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient, but because of its toxicity at high concentrations, its accumulation in living organisms has not been widely demonstrated. In this study, we report that the marine sponge Theonella conica accumulates exceptionally high levels of molybdenum (46,793 micrograms per gram of dry weight) in a wide geographic distribution from the northern Red Sea to the reefs of
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Anonymization: The imperfect science of using data while preserving privacy Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Andrea Gadotti, Luc Rocher, Florimond Houssiau, Ana-Maria Creţu, Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye
Information about us, our actions, and our preferences is created at scale through surveys or scientific studies or as a result of our interaction with digital devices such as smartphones and fitness trackers. The ability to safely share and analyze such data is key for scientific and societal progress. Anonymization is considered by scientists and policy-makers as one of the main ways to share data
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Crown-of-thorns starfish complete their larval phase eating only nitrogen-fixing Trichodesmium cyanobacteria Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Benjamin Mos, Dirk Erler, Corinne Lawson, Symon A. Dworjanyn
Cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium form extensive blooms that supply new N to nutrient-poor marine ecosystems. Yet little is known about what eats Trichodesmium . In this laboratory study, we show that one of the greatest threats to coral reefs, predatory crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS), Acanthaster sp., completes their larval phase feeding solely on Trichodesmium . We observed Trichodesmium
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Choosing to learn: The importance of student autonomy in higher education Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Simon Cullen, Daniel Oppenheimer
Despite strong evidence that autonomy enhances motivation and achievement, few interventions for promoting student autonomy in higher education have been developed and empirically tested. Here, we demonstrate how two autonomy-supportive policies effectively increase classroom attendance and subject mastery. First, in a randomized controlled field study, we explored the effect of allowing students to