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Distinctive volcanic ash–rich lacustrine shale deposition related to chemical weathering intensity during the Late Triassic: Evidence from lithium contents and isotopes Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Quanyou Liu, Peng Li, Lei Jiang, Zhijun Jin, Xinping Liang, Dongya Zhu, Qian Pang, Rui Zhang, Jiayi Liu
The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) witnessed enormous climate change closely associated with volcanic activity. However, the coupling relationship between volcanic activity and climate change, which may be linked to chemical weathering, has not yet been fully uncovered. We used lithium contents and isotopes of volcanic ash (VA)–bearing lacustrine shale to constrain their deposition pathways
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Field-free deterministic switching of all–van der Waals spin-orbit torque system above room temperature Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Shivam N. Kajale, Thanh Nguyen, Nguyen Tuan Hung, Mingda Li, Deblina Sarkar
Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials hold promise for the development of high-density, energy-efficient spintronic devices for memory and computation. Recent breakthroughs in material discoveries and spin-orbit torque control of vdW ferromagnets have opened a path for integration of vdW magnets in commercial spintronic devices. However, a solution for field-free electric control of
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Metal-organic frameworks with fine-tuned interlayer spacing for microwave absorption Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Xue Zhang, Xuelei Tian, Na Wu, Shanyu Zhao, Yutian Qin, Fei Pan, Shengying Yue, Xinyu Ma, Jing Qiao, Wei Xu, Wei Liu, Jiurong Liu, Meiting Zhao, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov, Zhihui Zeng
Designing a functional, conductive metal-organic framework (cMOF) is highly desired. Substantial efforts have been dedicated to increasing the intralayer conjugation of the cMOFs, while less dedication has been made to tuning the interlayer charge transport of the metal-organic nanosheets for the controllable dielectric property. Here, we construct a series of conductive bimetallic organic frameworks
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Treatment with siRNAs is commonly associated with GPX4 up-regulation and target knockdown-independent sensitization to ferroptosis Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Anne von Mässenhausen, Marlena Nastassja Schlecht, Kristina Beer, Francesca Maremonti, Wulf Tonnus, Alexia Belavgeni, Shubhangi Gavali, Karolin Flade, Joel S. Riley, Nadia Zamora Gonzalez, Anne Brucker, Jorunn Naila Becker, Mirela Tmava, Claudia Meyer, Mirko Peitzsch, Christian Hugo, Florian Gembardt, Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli, Stefan R. Bornstein, Stephen W. G. Tait, Andreas Linkermann
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely used in biomedical research and in clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate that siRNA treatment is commonly associated with significant sensitization to ferroptosis, independently of the target protein knockdown. Genetically targeting mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) reversed the siRNA-mediated sensitizing effect, but no activation of canonical
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Coactivator condensation drives cardiovascular cell lineage specification Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Peiheng Gan, Mikayla Eppert, Nancy De La Cruz, Heankel Lyons, Akansha M. Shah, Reshma T. Veettil, Kenian Chen, Prashant Pradhan, Svetlana Bezprozvannaya, Lin Xu, Ning Liu, Eric N. Olson, Benjamin R. Sabari
During development, cells make switch-like decisions to activate new gene programs specifying cell lineage. The mechanisms underlying these decisive choices remain unclear. Here, we show that the cardiovascular transcriptional coactivator myocardin (MYOCD) activates cell identity genes by concentration-dependent and switch-like formation of transcriptional condensates. MYOCD forms such condensates
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The β-catenin C terminus links Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathways to promote vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula, Sophia Liu, Alishba Maira, Gaia Ressa, Graziele C. Ferreira, Amado Quintar, Smitha Jayakumar, Vanessa Almonte, Dippal Parikh, Tomas Valenta, Konrad Basler, Timothy Hla, Dario F. Riascos-Bernal, Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
Canonical Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathways are highly conserved systems that contribute to normal vertebrate development, with key consequences for immune, nervous, and cardiovascular system function; despite these functional overlaps, little is known about Wnt/β-catenin–S1P cross-talk. In the vascular system, both Wnt/β-catenin and S1P signals affect vessel maturation, stability
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Proximity effect of emergent field from spin ice in an oxide heterostructure Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Mizuki Ohno, Takahiro C. Fujita, Masashi Kawasaki
Geometrical frustration endows magnets with degenerate ground states, resulting in exotic spin structures and quantum phenomena. Such magnets, called quantum magnets, can display non-coplanar spin textures and be a viable platform for the topological Hall effect driven by “emergent field.” However, most quantum magnets are insulators, making it challenging to electrically detect associated fluctuations
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Redirecting raltitrexed from cancer cell thymidylate synthase to Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphopantetheinyl transferase Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Amrita Singh, Samantha Ottavi, Inna Krieger, Kyle Planck, Andrew Perkowski, Takushi Kaneko, Andrew M. Davis, Christine Suh, David Zhang, Laurent Goullieux, Alexander Alex, Christine Roubert, Mark Gardner, Marian Preston, Dave M. Smith, Yan Ling, Julia Roberts, Bastien Cautain, Anna Upton, Christopher B. Cooper, Natalya Serbina, Zaid Tanvir, John Mosior, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Guangli Yang, Ben S. Gold
There is a compelling need to find drugs active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PptT) is an essential enzyme in Mtb that has attracted interest as a potential drug target. We optimized a PptT assay, used it to screen 422,740 compounds, and identified raltitrexed, an antineoplastic antimetabolite, as the most potent PptT inhibitor yet reported. While trying
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Mono-UFMylation promotes misfolding-associated secretion of α-synuclein Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Lihui Wang, Yue Xu, Tetsunari Fukushige, Layla Saidi, Xiaorong Wang, Clinton Yu, Jin-Gu Lee, Michael Krause, Lan Huang, Yihong Ye
Stressed cells secret misfolded proteins lacking signaling sequence via an unconventional protein secretion (UcPS) pathway, but how misfolded proteins are targeted selectively in UcPS is unclear. Here, we report that misfolded UcPS clients are subject to modification by a ubiquitin-like protein named ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1). Using α-synuclein (α-Syn) as a UcPS model, we show that mutating
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Interstellar formation of glyceric acid [HOCH2CH(OH)COOH]—The simplest sugar acid Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jia Wang, Joshua H. Marks, Ryan C. Fortenberry, Ralf I. Kaiser
Glyceric acid [HOCH2CH(OH)COOH]—the simplest sugar acid—represents a key molecule in biochemical processes vital for metabolism in living organisms such as glycolysis. Although critically linked to the origins of life and identified in carbonaceous meteorites with abundances comparable to amino acids, the underlying mechanisms of its formation have remained elusive. Here, we report the very first abiotic
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Molecular imaging of tumor metabolism: Insight from pyruvate- and glucose-based deuterium MRI studies Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Elton T. Montrazi, Keren Sasson, Lilach Agemy, Avigdor Scherz, Lucio Frydman
Cancer diagnosis by metabolic MRI proposes to follow the fate of glycolytic precursors such as pyruvate or glucose, and their in vivo conversion into lactate. This study compares the 2H MRI outlooks afforded by these metabolites when targeting a pancreatic cancer model. Exogenously injected [3,3′,3″-2H3]-pyruvate was visible only briefly; it generated a deuterated lactate signal throughout the body
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An in-principle super-polynomial quantum advantage for approximating combinatorial optimization problems via computational learning theory Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Niklas Pirnay, Vincent Ulitzsch, Frederik Wilde, Jens Eisert, Jean-Pierre Seifert
It is unclear to what extent quantum algorithms can outperform classical algorithms for problems of combinatorial optimization. In this work, by resorting to computational learning theory and cryptographic notions, we give a fully constructive proof that quantum computers feature a super-polynomial advantage over classical computers in approximating combinatorial optimization problems. Specifically
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Efficient learning of mixed-state tomography for photonic quantum walk Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Qin-Qin Wang, Shaojun Dong, Xiao-Wei Li, Xiao-Ye Xu, Chao Wang, Shuai Han, Man-Hong Yung, Yong-Jian Han, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo
Noise-enhanced applications in open quantum walk (QW) has recently seen a surge due to their ability to improve performance. However, verifying the success of open QW is challenging, as mixed-state tomography is a resource-intensive process, and implementing all required measurements is almost impossible due to various physical constraints. To address this challenge, we present a neural-network–based
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Matte surfaces with broadband transparency enabled by highly asymmetric diffusion of white light Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Hongchen Chu, Xiang Xiong, Nicholas X. Fang, Feng Wu, Runqi Jia, Ruwen Peng, Mu Wang, Yun Lai
The long-standing paradox between matte appearance and transparency has deprived traditional matte materials of optical transparency. Here, we present a solution to this centuries-old optical conundrum by harnessing the potential of disordered optical metasurfaces. Through the construction of a random array of meta-atoms tailored in asymmetric backgrounds, we have created transparent matte surfaces
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Kidins220 and Aiolos promote thymic iNKT cell development by reducing TCR signals Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Laurenz A. Herr, Gina J. Fiala, Sagar, Anna-Maria Schaffer, Jonas F. Hummel, Marina Zintchenko, Katrin Raute, Rubí M.-H. Velasco Cárdenas, Beate Heizmann, Karolina Ebert, Kerstin Fehrenbach, Iga Janowska, Susan Chan, Yakup Tanriver, Susana Minguet, Wolfgang W. Schamel
Development of T cells is controlled by the signal strength of the TCR. The scaffold protein kinase D–interacting substrate of 220 kilodalton (Kidins220) binds to the TCR; however, its role in T cell development was unknown. Here, we show that T cell–specific Kidins220 knockout (T-KO) mice have strongly reduced invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell numbers and modest decreases in conventional T cells
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Resolving the slip-rate inconsistency of the northern Dead Sea fault Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Xing Li, Sigurjón Jónsson, Shaozhuo Liu, Zhangfeng Ma, Nicolás Castro-Perdomo, Simone Cesca, Frédéric Masson, Yann Klinger
Reported fault slip rates, a key quantity for earthquake hazard and risk analyses, have been inconsistent for the northern Dead Sea fault (DSF). Studies of offset geological and archeological structures suggest a slip rate of 4 to 6 millimeters per year, consistent with the southern DSF, whereas geodetic slip-rate estimates are only 2 to 3 millimeters per year. To resolve this inconsistency and overcome
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Lymph-targeted high-density lipoprotein-mimetic nanovaccine for multi-antigenic personalized cancer immunotherapy Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Mingqi Liu, Yang Feng, Yougong Lu, Renqi Huang, Ying Zhang, Yanan Zhao, Ran Mo
Cancer vaccines show huge potential for cancer prevention and treatment. However, their efficacy remains limited due to weak immunogenicity regarding inefficient stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Inspired by the unique characteristic and biological function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), we here develop an HDL-mimicking nanovaccine with the commendable lymph-targeted capacity
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Growth factor–induced activation of MSK2 leads to phosphorylation of H3K9me2S10 and corresponding changes in gene expression Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Karen G. Wong, Yu-Chia F. Cheng, Vincent H. Wu, Anna A. Kiseleva, Jun Li, Andrey Poleshko, Cheryl L. Smith, Jonathan A. Epstein
Extracellular signals are transmitted through kinase cascades to modulate gene expression, but it remains unclear how epigenetic changes regulate this response. Here, we provide evidence that growth factor–stimulated changes in the transcript levels of many responsive genes are accompanied by increases in histone phosphorylation levels, specifically at histone H3 serine-10 when the adjacent lysine-9
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The role of fruitless in specifying courtship behaviors across divergent Drosophila species Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Christa A. Baker, Xiao-Juan Guan, Minseung Choi, Mala Murthy
Sex-specific behaviors are critical for reproduction and species survival. The sex-specifically spliced transcription factor fruitless (fru) helps establish male courtship behaviors in invertebrates. Forcing male-specific fru (fruM) splicing in Drosophila melanogaster females produces male-typical behaviors while disrupting female-specific behaviors. However, whether fru’s joint role in specifying
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An in-principle super-polynomial quantum advantage for approximating combinatorial optimization problems via computational learning theory Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Niklas Pirnay, Vincent Ulitzsch, Frederik Wilde, Jens Eisert, Jean-Pierre Seifert
It is unclear to what extent quantum algorithms can outperform classical algorithms for problems of combinatorial optimization. In this work, by resorting to computational learning theory and cryptographic notions, we give a fully constructive proof that quantum computers feature a super-polynomial advantage over classical computers in approximating combinatorial optimization problems. Specifically
-
Redirecting raltitrexed from cancer cell thymidylate synthase to Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphopantetheinyl transferase Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Amrita Singh, Samantha Ottavi, Inna Krieger, Kyle Planck, Andrew Perkowski, Takushi Kaneko, Andrew M. Davis, Christine Suh, David Zhang, Laurent Goullieux, Alexander Alex, Christine Roubert, Mark Gardner, Marian Preston, Dave M. Smith, Yan Ling, Julia Roberts, Bastien Cautain, Anna Upton, Christopher B. Cooper, Natalya Serbina, Zaid Tanvir, John Mosior, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Guangli Yang, Ben S. Gold
There is a compelling need to find drugs active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ). 4′-Phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PptT) is an essential enzyme in Mtb that has attracted interest as a potential drug target. We optimized a PptT assay, used it to screen 422,740 compounds, and identified raltitrexed, an antineoplastic antimetabolite, as the most potent PptT inhibitor yet reported. While trying
-
Field-free deterministic switching of all–van der Waals spin-orbit torque system above room temperature Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Shivam N. Kajale, Thanh Nguyen, Nguyen Tuan Hung, Mingda Li, Deblina Sarkar
Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials hold promise for the development of high-density, energy-efficient spintronic devices for memory and computation. Recent breakthroughs in material discoveries and spin-orbit torque control of vdW ferromagnets have opened a path for integration of vdW magnets in commercial spintronic devices. However, a solution for field-free electric control of
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Mono-UFMylation promotes misfolding-associated secretion of α-synuclein Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Lihui Wang, Yue Xu, Tetsunari Fukushige, Layla Saidi, Xiaorong Wang, Clinton Yu, Jin-Gu Lee, Michael Krause, Lan Huang, Yihong Ye
Stressed cells secret misfolded proteins lacking signaling sequence via an unconventional protein secretion (UcPS) pathway, but how misfolded proteins are targeted selectively in UcPS is unclear. Here, we report that misfolded UcPS clients are subject to modification by a ubiquitin-like protein named ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (UFM1). Using α-synuclein (α-Syn) as a UcPS model, we show that mutating
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Distinctive volcanic ash–rich lacustrine shale deposition related to chemical weathering intensity during the Late Triassic: Evidence from lithium contents and isotopes Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Quanyou Liu, Peng Li, Lei Jiang, Zhijun Jin, Xinping Liang, Dongya Zhu, Qian Pang, Rui Zhang, Jiayi Liu
The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) witnessed enormous climate change closely associated with volcanic activity. However, the coupling relationship between volcanic activity and climate change, which may be linked to chemical weathering, has not yet been fully uncovered. We used lithium contents and isotopes of volcanic ash (VA)–bearing lacustrine shale to constrain their deposition pathways
-
Efficient learning of mixed-state tomography for photonic quantum walk Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Qin-Qin Wang, Shaojun Dong, Xiao-Wei Li, Xiao-Ye Xu, Chao Wang, Shuai Han, Man-Hong Yung, Yong-Jian Han, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo
Noise-enhanced applications in open quantum walk (QW) has recently seen a surge due to their ability to improve performance. However, verifying the success of open QW is challenging, as mixed-state tomography is a resource-intensive process, and implementing all required measurements is almost impossible due to various physical constraints. To address this challenge, we present a neural-network–based
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Brain hypothyroidism silences the immune response of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease animal model Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Dong Kyu Kim, Hyunjung Choi, Woochan Lee, Hayoung Choi, Seok Beom Hong, June-Hyun Jeong, Jihui Han, Jong Won Han, Hoon Ryu, Jong-Il Kim, Inhee Mook-Jung
Thyroid hormone (TH) imbalance is linked to the pathophysiology of reversible dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is unclear whether tissue hypothyroidism occurs in the AD brain and how it affects on AD pathology. We find that decreased iodothyronine deiodinase 2 is correlated with hippocampal hypothyroidism in early AD model mice before TH alterations in the blood. TH deficiency leads to spontaneous
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Precise large-fragment deletions in mammalian cells and mice generated by dCas9-controlled CRISPR/Cas3 Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jinze Li, Ding Zhao, Tao Zhang, Haoyang Xiong, Mingyang Hu, Hongmei Liu, Feiyu Zhao, Xiaodi Sun, Peng Fan, Yuqiang Qian, Di Wang, Liangxue Lai, Tingting Sui, Zhanjun Li
Currently, the Cas9 and Cas12a systems are widely used for genome editing, but their ability to precisely generate large chromosome fragment deletions is limited. Type I-E CRISPR mediates broad and unidirectional DNA degradation, but controlling the size of Cas3-mediated DNA deletions has proven elusive thus far. Here, we demonstrate that the endonuclease deactivation of Cas9 (dCas9) can precisely
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Treatment with siRNAs is commonly associated with GPX4 up-regulation and target knockdown-independent sensitization to ferroptosis Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Anne von Mässenhausen, Marlena Nastassja Schlecht, Kristina Beer, Francesca Maremonti, Wulf Tonnus, Alexia Belavgeni, Shubhangi Gavali, Karolin Flade, Joel S. Riley, Nadia Zamora Gonzalez, Anne Brucker, Jorunn Naila Becker, Mirela Tmava, Claudia Meyer, Mirko Peitzsch, Christian Hugo, Florian Gembardt, Jose Pedro Friedmann Angeli, Stefan R. Bornstein, Stephen W. G. Tait, Andreas Linkermann
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely used in biomedical research and in clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate that siRNA treatment is commonly associated with significant sensitization to ferroptosis, independently of the target protein knockdown. Genetically targeting mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) reversed the siRNA-mediated sensitizing effect, but no activation of canonical
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Local and global predictors of synapse elimination during motor learning Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Nathan G. Hedrick, William J. Wright, Takaki Komiyama
During learning, synaptic connections between excitatory neurons in the brain display considerable dynamism, with new connections being added and old connections eliminated. Synapse elimination offers an opportunity to understand the features of synapses that the brain deems dispensable. However, with limited observations of synaptic activity and plasticity in vivo, the features of synapses subjected
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Resolving the slip-rate inconsistency of the northern Dead Sea fault Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Xing Li, Sigurjón Jónsson, Shaozhuo Liu, Zhangfeng Ma, Nicolás Castro-Perdomo, Simone Cesca, Frédéric Masson, Yann Klinger
Reported fault slip rates, a key quantity for earthquake hazard and risk analyses, have been inconsistent for the northern Dead Sea fault (DSF). Studies of offset geological and archeological structures suggest a slip rate of 4 to 6 millimeters per year, consistent with the southern DSF, whereas geodetic slip-rate estimates are only 2 to 3 millimeters per year. To resolve this inconsistency and overcome
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Lanthanide transport in angstrom-scale MoS 2 -based two-dimensional channels Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Mingzhan Wang, Qinsi Xiong, Maoyu Wang, Nicholas H. C. Lewis, Dongchen Ying, Gangbin Yan, Eli Hoenig, Yu Han, One-Sun Lee, Guiming Peng, Hua Zhou, George C. Schatz, Chong Liu
Rare earth elements (REEs), critical to modern industry, are difficult to separate and purify, given their similar physicochemical properties originating from the lanthanide contraction. Here, we systematically study the transport of lanthanide ions (Ln 3+ ) in artificially confined angstrom-scale two-dimensional channels using MoS 2 -based building blocks in an aqueous environment. The results show
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Coactivator condensation drives cardiovascular cell lineage specification Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Peiheng Gan, Mikayla Eppert, Nancy De La Cruz, Heankel Lyons, Akansha M. Shah, Reshma T. Veettil, Kenian Chen, Prashant Pradhan, Svetlana Bezprozvannaya, Lin Xu, Ning Liu, Eric N. Olson, Benjamin R. Sabari
During development, cells make switch-like decisions to activate new gene programs specifying cell lineage. The mechanisms underlying these decisive choices remain unclear. Here, we show that the cardiovascular transcriptional coactivator myocardin (MYOCD) activates cell identity genes by concentration-dependent and switch-like formation of transcriptional condensates. MYOCD forms such condensates
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Three-dimensional printing of wood Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Md Shajedul Hoque Thakur, Chen Shi, Logan T. Kearney, M. A. S. R. Saadi, Matthew D. Meyer, Amit K. Naskar, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Muhammad M. Rahman
Natural wood has served as a foundational material for buildings, furniture, and architectural structures for millennia, typically shaped through subtractive manufacturing techniques. However, this process often generates substantial wood waste, leading to material inefficiency and increased production costs. A potential opportunity arises if complex wood structures can be created through additive
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S -nitrosylation of a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase regulates plant immunity Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Beimi Cui, Qiaona Pan, Wenqiang Cui, Yiqin Wang, Verity I. P. Loake, Shuguang Yuan, Fengquan Liu, Gary J. Loake
Perception of pathogen/microbial-associated molecular patterns (P/MAMPs) by plant cell surface receptors leads to a sustained burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a key feature of P/MAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Here we report that P/MAMP recognition leads to a rapid nitrosative burst, initiating the accumulation of nitric oxide (NO), subsequently leading to S -nitrosylation of the receptor-like
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CKLF instigates a “cold” microenvironment to promote MYCN-mediated tumor aggressiveness Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Xiaodan Qin, Andrew Lam, Xu Zhang, Satyaki Sengupta, J. Bryan Iorgulescu, Hongru Ni, Sanjukta Das, Madison Rager, Zhenwei Zhou, Tao Zuo, Grace K. Meara, Alexander E. Floru, Chinyere Kemet, Divya Veerapaneni, Daniel Kashy, Liang Lin, Kenneth Lloyd, Lauren Kwok, Kaylee S. Smith, Raghavendar T. Nagaraju, Rob Meijers, Craig Ceol, Ching-Ti Liu, Sanda Alexandrescu, Catherine J. Wu, Derin B. Keskin, Rani
Solid tumors, especially those with aberrant MYCN activation, often harbor an immunosuppressive microenvironment to fuel malignant growth and trigger treatment resistance. Despite this knowledge, there are no effective strategies to tackle this problem. We found that chemokine-like factor ( CKLF ) is highly expressed by various solid tumor cells and transcriptionally up-regulated by MYCN. Using the
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Increased genomic instability and reshaping of tissue microenvironment underlie oncogenic properties of Arid1a mutations Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Alessandro D’Ambrosio, Davide Bressan, Elisa Ferracci, Francesco Carbone, Patrizia Mulè, Federico Rossi, Caterina Barbieri, Elisa Sorrenti, Gaia Fiaccadori, Thomas Detone, Elena Vezzoli, Salvatore Bianchi, Chiara Sartori, Simona Corso, Akihisa Fukuda, Giovanni Bertalot, Andrea Falqui, Mattia Barbareschi, Alessandro Romanel, Diego Pasini, Fulvio Chiacchiera
Oncogenic mutations accumulating in many chromatin-associated proteins have been identified in different tumor types. With a mutation rate from 10 to 57%, ARID1A has been widely considered a tumor suppressor gene. However, whether this role is mainly due to its transcriptional-related activities or its ability to preserve genome integrity is still a matter of intense debate. Here, we show that ARID1A
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Matte surfaces with broadband transparency enabled by highly asymmetric diffusion of white light Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Hongchen Chu, Xiang Xiong, Nicholas X. Fang, Feng Wu, Runqi Jia, Ruwen Peng, Mu Wang, Yun Lai
The long-standing paradox between matte appearance and transparency has deprived traditional matte materials of optical transparency. Here, we present a solution to this centuries-old optical conundrum by harnessing the potential of disordered optical metasurfaces. Through the construction of a random array of meta-atoms tailored in asymmetric backgrounds, we have created transparent matte surfaces
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Tracing the dynamics of superconducting order via transient terahertz third-harmonic generation Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Min-Jae Kim, Sergey Kovalev, Mattia Udina, Rafael Haenel, Gideok Kim, Matteo Puviani, Georg Cristiani, Igor Ilyakov, Thales V. A. G. de Oliveira, Alexey Ponomaryov, Jan-Christoph Deinert, Gennady Logvenov, Bernhard Keimer, Dirk Manske, Lara Benfatto, Stefan Kaiser
Ultrafast optical control of quantum systems is an emerging field of physics. In particular, the possibility of light-driven superconductivity has attracted much of attention. To identify nonequilibrium superconductivity, it is necessary to measure fingerprints of superconductivity on ultrafast timescales. Recently, nonlinear THz third-harmonic generation (THG) was shown to directly probe the collective
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Bioinspired carbon nanotube–based nanofluidic ionic transistor with ultrahigh switching capabilities for logic circuits Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Wenchao Liu, Tingting Mei, Zhouwen Cao, Chun Li, Yitian Wu, Li Wang, Guoheng Xu, Yuanxia Chen, You Zhou, Senyao Wang, Yahui Xue, Yanhao Yu, Xiang-Yu Kong, Ruotian Chen, Bin Tu, Kai Xiao
The voltage-gated ion channels, also known as ionic transistors, play substantial roles in biological systems and ion-ion selective separation. However, implementing the ultrafast switchable capabilities and polarity switching of ionic transistors remains a challenge. Here, we report a nanofluidic ionic transistor based on carbon nanotubes, which exhibits an on/off ratio of 104 at operational gate
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The dissipative Talbot soliton fiber laser Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Heze Zhang, Yueqing Du, Chao Zeng, Zhipei Sun, Yong Zhang, Jianlin Zhao, Dong Mao
Talbot effect, characterized by the replication of a periodic optical field in a specific plane, is governed by diffraction and dispersion in the spatial and temporal domains, respectively. In mode-locked lasers, Talbot effect is rarely linked with soliton dynamics since the longitudinal mode spacing and cavity dispersion are far away from the self-imaging condition. We report switchable breathing
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Exocytic plasma membrane flows remodel endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane tethering for septin collar assembly Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Shinju Sugiyama, Keiko Kono
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–plasma membrane (PM) tethering is crucial for the non-vesicular lipid transport between the ER membrane and the PM. However, the PM-associated ER can impede the PM binding of cytoskeletons and other organelles. It is poorly understood how the competition between the ER and cytoskeletons/organelles on the PM is resolved. Here, we show that, upon septin collar assembly, ER-PM
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Ag-doped non–imperfection-enabled uniform memristive neuromorphic device based on van der Waals indium phosphorus sulfide Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Yesheng Li, Yao Xiong, Baoxing Zhai, Lei Yin, Yiling Yu, Hao Wang, Jun He
Memristors are considered promising energy-efficient artificial intelligence hardware, which can eliminate the von Neumann bottleneck by parallel in-memory computing. The common imperfection-enabled memristors are plagued with critical variability issues impeding their commercialization. Reported approaches to reduce the variability usually sacrifice other performances, e.g., small on/off ratios and
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Proximity effect of emergent field from spin ice in an oxide heterostructure Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Mizuki Ohno, Takahiro C. Fujita, Masashi Kawasaki
Geometrical frustration endows magnets with degenerate ground states, resulting in exotic spin structures and quantum phenomena. Such magnets, called quantum magnets, can display non-coplanar spin textures and be a viable platform for the topological Hall effect driven by “emergent field.” However, most quantum magnets are insulators, making it challenging to electrically detect associated fluctuations
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The β-catenin C terminus links Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathways to promote vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula, Sophia Liu, Alishba Maira, Gaia Ressa, Graziele C. Ferreira, Amado Quintar, Smitha Jayakumar, Vanessa Almonte, Dippal Parikh, Tomas Valenta, Konrad Basler, Timothy Hla, Dario F. Riascos-Bernal, Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
Canonical Wnt and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathways are highly conserved systems that contribute to normal vertebrate development, with key consequences for immune, nervous, and cardiovascular system function; despite these functional overlaps, little is known about Wnt/β-catenin–S1P cross-talk. In the vascular system, both Wnt/β-catenin and S1P signals affect vessel maturation, stability
-
Interstellar formation of glyceric acid [HOCH 2 CH(OH)COOH]—The simplest sugar acid Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jia Wang, Joshua H. Marks, Ryan C. Fortenberry, Ralf I. Kaiser
Glyceric acid [HOCH 2 CH(OH)COOH]—the simplest sugar acid—represents a key molecule in biochemical processes vital for metabolism in living organisms such as glycolysis. Although critically linked to the origins of life and identified in carbonaceous meteorites with abundances comparable to amino acids, the underlying mechanisms of its formation have remained elusive. Here, we report the very first
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Molecular imaging of tumor metabolism: Insight from pyruvate- and glucose-based deuterium MRI studies Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Elton T. Montrazi, Keren Sasson, Lilach Agemy, Avigdor Scherz, Lucio Frydman
Cancer diagnosis by metabolic MRI proposes to follow the fate of glycolytic precursors such as pyruvate or glucose, and their in vivo conversion into lactate. This study compares the 2 H MRI outlooks afforded by these metabolites when targeting a pancreatic cancer model. Exogenously injected [3,3′,3″- 2 H 3 ]-pyruvate was visible only briefly; it generated a deuterated lactate signal throughout the
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Majorana-fermion origin of the planar thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev magnet α-RuCl 3 Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Kumpei Imamura, Shota Suetsugu, Yuta Mizukami, Yusei Yoshida, Kenichiro Hashimoto, Kenichi Ohtsuka, Yuichi Kasahara, Nobuyuki Kurita, Hidekazu Tanaka, Pureum Noh, Joji Nasu, Eun-Gook Moon, Yuji Matsuda, Takasada Shibauchi
The field-induced quantum-disordered state of layered honeycomb magnet α-RuCl 3 is a prime candidate for Kitaev spin liquids hosting Majorana fermions and non-Abelian anyons. Recent observations of anomalous planar thermal Hall effect demonstrate a topological edge mode, but whether it originates from Majorana fermions or bosonic magnons remains controversial. Here, we distinguish these origins from
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Direct observation of strong momentum-dependent electron-phonon coupling in a metal Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Mianzhen Mo, Artur Tamm, Erki Metsanurk, Zhijiang Chen, Ling Wang, Mungo Frost, Nicholas J. Hartley, Fuhao Ji, Silvia Pandolfi, Alexander H. Reid, Peihao Sun, Xiaozhe Shen, Yongqiang Wang, Xijie Wang, Siegfried Glenzer, Alfredo A. Correa
Phonon scattering in metals is one of the most fundamental processes in materials science. However, understanding such processes has remained challenging and requires detailed information on interactions between phonons and electrons. We use an ultrafast electron diffuse scattering technique to resolve the nonequilibrium phonon dynamics in femtosecond–laser-excited tungsten in both time and momentum
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The Effects of the Flint water crisis on the educational outcomes of school-age children Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Sam Trejo, Gloria Yeomans-Maldonado, Brian Jacob
In 2014, the municipal water source in Flint, Michigan was switched, causing lead from aging pipes to leach into the city’s drinking water. While lead exposure in Flint children increased modestly on average, some children were exposed to high lead levels. Surveys of Flint residents show the water crisis was also associated with increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. We use Michigan’s
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Mechanosensing regulates tissue repair program in macrophages Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Matthew L. Meizlish, Yoshitaka Kimura, Scott D. Pope, Rita Matta, Catherine Kim, Naomi H. Philip, Linde Meyaard, Anjelica Gonzalez, Ruslan Medzhitov
Tissue-resident macrophages play important roles in tissue homeostasis and repair. However, how macrophages monitor and maintain tissue integrity is not well understood. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key structural and organizational component of all tissues. Here, we find that macrophages sense the mechanical properties of the ECM to regulate a specific tissue repair program. We show that macrophage
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Exocytic plasma membrane flows remodel endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane tethering for septin collar assembly Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Shinju Sugiyama, Keiko Kono
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–plasma membrane (PM) tethering is crucial for the non-vesicular lipid transport between the ER membrane and the PM. However, the PM-associated ER can impede the PM binding of cytoskeletons and other organelles. It is poorly understood how the competition between the ER and cytoskeletons/organelles on the PM is resolved. Here, we show that, upon septin collar assembly, ER-PM
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The dissipative Talbot soliton fiber laser Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Heze Zhang, Yueqing Du, Chao Zeng, Zhipei Sun, Yong Zhang, Jianlin Zhao, Dong Mao
Talbot effect, characterized by the replication of a periodic optical field in a specific plane, is governed by diffraction and dispersion in the spatial and temporal domains, respectively. In mode-locked lasers, Talbot effect is rarely linked with soliton dynamics since the longitudinal mode spacing and cavity dispersion are far away from the self-imaging condition. We report switchable breathing
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Clonal dominance defines metastatic dissemination in pancreatic cancer Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 I-Lin Ho, Chieh-Yuan Li, Fuchenchu Wang, Li Zhao, Jingjing Liu, Er-Yen Yen, Charles A. Dyke, Rutvi Shah, Zhaoliang Liu, Ali Osman Çetin, Yanshuo Chu, Francesca Citron, Sergio Attanasio, Denise Corti, Faezeh Darbaniyan, Edoardo Del Poggetto, Sara Loponte, Jintan Liu, Melinda Soeung, Ziheng Chen, Shan Jiang, Hong Jiang, Akira Inoue, Sisi Gao, Angela Deem, Ningping Feng, Haoqiang Ying, Michael Kim, Virginia
Tumors represent ecosystems where subclones compete during tumor growth. While extensively investigated, a comprehensive picture of the interplay of clonal lineages during dissemination is still lacking. Using patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells, we created orthotopically implanted clonal replica tumors to trace clonal dynamics of unperturbed tumor expansion and dissemination. This model revealed
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Lmod2 is necessary for effective skeletal muscle contraction Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Tania M. Larrinaga, Gerrie P. Farman, Rachel M. Mayfield, Michaela Yuen, Rebecca C. Ahrens-Nicklas, Sandra T. Cooper, Christopher T. Pappas, Carol C. Gregorio
Muscle contraction is a regulated process driven by the sliding of actin-thin filaments over myosin-thick filaments. Lmod2 is an actin filament length regulator and essential for life since human mutations and complete loss of Lmod2 in mice lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and death. To study the little-known role of Lmod2 in skeletal muscle, we created a mouse model with Lmod2 expressed exclusively
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Regulate transportation of ions and polysulfides in all–solid-state Li-S batteries using ordered-MOF composite solid electrolyte Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jia Li, Fangxi Xie, Weiwei Pang, Qingyou Liang, Xianfeng Yang, Lei Zhang
A dilemma arises when striving to balance the maximum desired ion conductivity and minimize the undesired lithium polysulfide shuttling effect for all–solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs). Here, we introduce a strategy of using ordered MIL-125–NH 2 as fillers for poly(ethylene oxide)–based electrolytes to simultaneously regulate the transportation of lithium ions and polysulfides. When compared
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Bioinspired carbon nanotube–based nanofluidic ionic transistor with ultrahigh switching capabilities for logic circuits Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Wenchao Liu, Tingting Mei, Zhouwen Cao, Chun Li, Yitian Wu, Li Wang, Guoheng Xu, Yuanxia Chen, You Zhou, Senyao Wang, Yahui Xue, Yanhao Yu, Xiang-Yu Kong, Ruotian Chen, Bin Tu, Kai Xiao
The voltage-gated ion channels, also known as ionic transistors, play substantial roles in biological systems and ion-ion selective separation. However, implementing the ultrafast switchable capabilities and polarity switching of ionic transistors remains a challenge. Here, we report a nanofluidic ionic transistor based on carbon nanotubes, which exhibits an on/off ratio of 10 4 at operational gate
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Venom trade-off shapes interspecific interactions, physiology, and reproduction Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Joachim M. Surm, Sydney Birch, Jason Macrander, Adrian Jaimes-Becerra, Arie Fridrich, Reuven Aharoni, Rotem Rozenblat, Julia Sharabany, Lior Appelbaum, Adam M. Reitzel, Yehu Moran
The ability of an animal to effectively capture prey and defend against predators is pivotal for survival. Venom is often a mixture of many components including toxin proteins that shape predator-prey interactions. Here, we used the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis to test the impact of toxin genotypes on predator-prey interactions. We developed a genetic manipulation technique to demonstrate that
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Virus detection light diffraction fingerprints for biological applications Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Tongge Li, Ning Yang, Yi Xiao, Yan Liu, Xiaoqing Pan, Shihui Wang, Feiyang Jiang, Zhaoyuan Zhang, Xingcai Zhang
The transmission of viral diseases is highly unstable and highly contagious. As the carrier of virus transmission, cell is an important factor to explore the mechanism of virus transmission and disease. However, there is still a lack of effective means to continuously monitor the process of viral infection in cells, and there is no rapid, high-throughput method to assess the status of viral infection
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Diverse high-pressure chemistry in Y-NH 3 BH 3 and Y–paraffin oil systems Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Alena Aslandukova, Andrey Aslandukov, Dominique Laniel, Yuqing Yin, Fariia Iasmin Akbar, Maxim Bykov, Timofey Fedotenko, Konstantin Glazyrin, Anna Pakhomova, Gaston Garbarino, Eleanor Lawrence Bright, Jonathan Wright, Michael Hanfland, Stella Chariton, Vitali Prakapenka, Natalia Dubrovinskaia, Leonid Dubrovinsky
The yttrium-hydrogen system has gained attention because of near-ambient temperature superconductivity reports in yttrium hydrides at high pressures. We conducted a study using synchrotron single-crystal x-ray diffraction (SCXRD) at 87 to 171 GPa, resulting in the discovery of known (two YH 3 phases) and five previously unknown yttrium hydrides. These were synthesized in diamond anvil cells by laser
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The role of fruitless in specifying courtship behaviors across divergent Drosophila species Sci. Adv. (IF 13.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Christa A. Baker, Xiao-Juan Guan, Minseung Choi, Mala Murthy
Sex-specific behaviors are critical for reproduction and species survival. The sex-specifically spliced transcription factor fruitless ( fru ) helps establish male courtship behaviors in invertebrates. Forcing male-specific fru ( fruM ) splicing in Drosophila melanogaster females produces male-typical behaviors while disrupting female-specific behaviors. However, whether fru ’s joint role in specifying