Current quantitative X-ray microanalysis methods are only available for homogeneous materials. This paper presents a newly developed inverse modeling algorithm to determine both the structure and composition of two-dimensional (2D) heterogeneous materials from a series of X-ray intensity measurements under different beam energies and beam positions. It utilizes an iterative process of forward modeling

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used for nano-dimensional metrology in semiconductor manufacturing and metrological system. However, the conventional AFM can't provide accurate CD characterization of nanostructures, due to its top-down configuration and probe-size effect. In this paper, we develop a dual-probe atomic force microscopy (DPAFM). Compared to conventional optical-lever based AFM

The realization of chromatic aberration correction enables energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) at atomic resolution even for large energy windows. Previous works have demonstrated lattice contrast from ionization-edge signals such as the L2,3 edges of silicon or titanium. However, the direct interpretation as chemical information was found to be hampered by contributions from elastic

Copper detection for diagnostic purposes is an appealing field due to the important biological role copper plays as a trace metal. A convenient strategy for sensing copper is to utilize its catalytic ability. Therefore, this review summarizes approaches for copper determination by CuI-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The concept was introduced in 2006 and all contributions made up to the

In this work, we have prepared peptide-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as signal-amplifying tags for the detection of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). Furthermore, enzyme-MOF nanocomposites are fabricated via a coprecipitation strategy between horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and ZIF-90, where ZIF-90 is used as a protective support for HRP immobilization. Meanwhile

Developing an economical and universal method to measure the magnetic moments of magnetic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) labelled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles is crucial for cell tracking. In this study, we used a gradient magnetic field created by a nickel needle to track the motion of cells. A simple and quantifiable magnetic sensor was employed to evaluate the magnetic properties

The outbreaks of the infectious disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 seriously threatened the life of humans. A rapid, reliable and specific detection method was urgently needed. Herein, we reported a contamination-free visual detection method of for SARS-CoV-2 with LAMP and CRISPR/Cas12a technology. CRISPR/Cas12a reagents were pre-added on the inner wall of the tube lid. After LAMP reaction, CRISPR/Cas12a

Generally, H2O2 is frequently adopted to improve analysis capabilities of various detection systems. However, the addition of H2O2 with relatively higher concentration can lower the bioactivity of antibodies or antigens and the sensing interface stability in most peroxidase and peroxidase-like immunosensors. In order to solve these issues, we designed a novel copper peroxide/ZIF-8 immunoprobe that

Food allergens cause worldwide chronic diseases with a great impact on public health. Immunoglobulins E (IgEs) trigger allergic reactions by specifically binding the allergens to which the allergic patients are sensitized. In this scientific work we report for the first time a new optical interferometric in vitro system for the detection of specific IgEs (sIgEs) to the principal peach allergen (Pru

Transcription factors (TFs) are the key proteins for the decision of cell fates, and they have been recognized as potent markers for diagnostic and treatment of diseases. Herein, we report on a highly sensitive biosensor for the detection of TFs based on the CRISPR/Cas12a system. This biosensor was accomplished based on the competitive binding of the Cas12a-crRNA and TFs towards a dsDNA referred to

Conductive polymers (CPs) are gaining considerable attention as materials for implantable bioelectronics due to their unique features such as electronic-ionic hybrid conductivity, mechanical softness, ease of chemical modification, as well as moderate biocompatibility. CPs have been utilized for a wide range of applications including neural engineering, regenerative medicine, multi-functional sensors

Inspired by the wearable sensors and to meet the demand for rapid and nondestructive detection, we developed a smart plant-wearable biosensor, which can be applied for in-situ analysis of organophosphorus pesticide on crop surfaces. Herein, the serpentine three-electrode system was prepared via the laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology. After transferred by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the stretchable

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause significant mortality globally. Notably, CVDs disproportionately negatively impact underserved populations, such as those that are economically disadvantaged and often located in remote regions. Devices to measure cardiac biomarkers have traditionally been focused on large instruments in a central laboratory but the development of affordable, portable devices that

-Label-free electrochemical aptasensors for cancer biomarker detection can be a promising means for early detection of cancer due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, and low cost. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on carbon microelectromechanical systems (C-MEMS) was developed for the detection of platelet-derived growth factor-BB

The use of aminoglycoside antibiotics is prevalent in medicine and agriculture. Their overuse increases their mobility in the environment, resulting in a need for reliable methods for their determination in a variety of matrices. However, the properties of aminoglycosides, in particular their high polarity, make the development of such methods a non-trivial task, inciting researchers to tackle this

Data generated by analytical instruments, such as spectrometers, may contain unwanted variation due to measurement mode, sample state and other external physical, chemical and environmental factors. Preprocessing is required so that the property of interest can be predicted correctly. Different correction methods may remove specific types of artefacts while still leaving some effects behind. Using

Due to the large-scale use and high toxicity of pesticides, it is imperative to develop sensitive, selective, and convenient sensors for pesticide detection. Therefore, the electrochemical detection platform provides a promising analytical approach since it is economical, efficient, user-friendly and easy to operate. This review firstly provides a brief introduction to several main bioreceptors such

Due to the improvements in detection sensitivity, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has matured to be an exceptional tool for the elemental analysis of small objects. The characterisation of individual metallic nanoparticles by so-called single particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS) has paved the way for the analysis of smallest biological systems like individual cells. Developments in single

Mass spectrometry (MS) has played a remarkable role in exploring the chemical make‐up of our solar system. In situ probes were historically developed to analyze inorganic/elemental compositions while leveraging native ions or harsh ionization methods to aid in exploring astrophysics applications (e.g., heliophysics). The part played by MS is demonstrated in a majority of scientific payloads focused

The aim of this work was to investigate the applicability of a mathematical model developed for the description of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of cannabinoids from marijuana and hashish for liquid extraction of other substances. The mentioned model is applicable for dynamic SFE whose implementation is analogous to liquid–solid extraction in quasi-counter current mode. According to this model

The recent advancements in synthetic biology, organic chemistry and computational models, allowed the application of bioluminescence in several fields, ranging from well‐established methods for detecting microbial contamination to in vivo imaging to track cancer and stem cells, from cell‐based assays to optogenetics. Moreover, thanks to recent technological progresses in miniaturized and sensitive

In this study, the schiff base derived from heterocyclic moiety was synthesized and characterized. The in vitro binding behavior of this ligand with β‐Casein (β‐CN) was investigated by using biophysical techniques. For evaluation the thermodynamics variables of interactions amongst Schiff base ligand and β–CN,the fluorescence information at different temperatures were done. The results showed that

Paraquat (PQ) residue is harmful for human health, agriculture and the aquatic environment. This paper proposes a novel fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), SiO2@CdTe QDs@MIP, for PQ detection and adsorption. The MIP was synthesized using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the functional monomer, 4,4'‐bipyridyl as the template molecule, and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the cross‐linker

Core-hole creation and decay are of tremendous importance in both theory and applications. However, different ionization approaches and decay channels, especially at L-shell, bring many challenges to accurate simulation. In order to understand the ionization state effects on the creation and decay at L-shell hole, we performed a theoretical study of photon/electron-impact L-shell ionization of differently

The electrocatalysis of ethylene glycol oxidation (EGO) by platinum (Pt) or/and palladium (Pd) metal nanoparticles supported on three conducting polymers, poly-1,5-diaminonaphthalene (p-1,5-DAN), poly-1,8-diaminonaphthalene (p-1,8-DAN), and poly-1,2 diaminoanthraquinone (p-1,2-DAAQ) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode was investigated at room temperature under a constant electrolyte flow using in situ

Thin-film voltammetry (TFV) has one of the simplest experimental setups for studying the electrochemical processes that take place at liquid/liquid interfaces. This is because in TFV it is possible to neglect the iR drop of the non-aqueous solvent, when it corresponds to an organic thin film attached to the working electrode. In this manuscript the theory of TFV is used for describing how the electrochemical

In this study, we have synthesized MgNi2O3 and Fe-doped MgNi2O3 by sol-gel method and characterized the products by powder X-ray diffraction, UV–visible spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy for confirmation of morphology, optical, structural, and magnetic properties. An electrochemical sensor based on 2.5 wt% Fe

Lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been considered as next-generation rechargeable batteries beyond lithium-ion batteries owing to high capacity, high energy density and low cost. However, this battery suffers from poor cycle life that is major technical barrier because of shuttling of soluble polysulfide intermediates and volume expansion of S cathode during cycling. A wide range of nanostructured

Here, we study the electrocatalytic activity of Pt/C60(OH)x composite catalysts towards ethanol oxidation in acid media. The Pt nanoparticles were deposited onto the various polyhydroxy fullerenes (C60(OH)x) supports synthesized in this study (x varying from 8 to 36). Among all the Pt/C60(OH)x composites, the Pt/C60(OH)24–27 displays the highest specific activity and the lowest ethanol oxidation onset

This research presents the study of the corrosion type and the corrosion rate (CR) by signal processing of electrochemical noise (EN) of the Aluminum 6061-T6 (Al 6061-T6). This was exposed to bioethanol obtained from sugarcane (E100), regular gasoline (E0) and bioethanol - gasoline blends in following proportions; E5 (5% v/v bioethanol), E10 (10% v/v bioethanol), E20 or gasohol (20% v/v bioethanol)

An electrochemical Hg(II) ion sensor has been developed by using a miniaturized carbon paste screen-printed electrode (CSPE) modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets and tris-thiourea (TTU) chelating ligand compound, i.e. N,N′,N″-((nitrilotris(ethane-2,1diyl))tris(azanediyl))tris(carbonothioyl))tribenz amide. In view of the strong cation-exchange characteristic and adsorption of aromatic TTU

In this study, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) from luminol incorporated ion-selective nanoparticles is observed that enables the analysis of aqueous ions (e.g. calcium ions). Aqueous calcium ions are known to transport into the nanoparticles and bind with the ionophore, which leads to the generation of more luminol anions in the nanoparticles to maintain electric neutrality. The presence of more luminol

Linagliptin (LGP) is a novel hypoglycemic drug that belongs to the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor class that was approved in 2011 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Today, the integration of different materials and electrochemistry has opened a new horizon to develop highly selective, sensitive, rapid and reliable techniques to detect and quantify such vital analytes. The purpose of this article

The unique feature of Keggin-type dodecatungstosilicate (SiW12O404−) to undergo adsorption on silver surfaces is explored here to fabricate, modify and stabilize silver nanoparticles in acid medium, as well as to link them to different reduced graphene oxide (rGO) substrates: SiO2-doted rGO, carboxylate-derivatized rGO, and conventional rGO (obtained through the chemical reduction method). Upon medium

During metal welding and cutting, large amounts of particulate matter (PM) are produced that might represent a significant health risk for the exposed workers. In the present pilot study, we performed an elemental analysis of fine PM collected in a metal workshop. Also, elemental analysis of the hair and nail samples collected from workers exposed to the workshop dust and control group was done. Concentrations

The quantification of archaeological artefacts with X‐ray Fluorescence is quite complex because it demands some calibration procedure. It is also rather more challenging when the customization of the portable equipment for in situ measurements is required. The objective of this study was to introduce a quantitative method by performing a calibration curve for a ternary gold alloy (Au, Ag and Cu). Fast

Flavonoids are the most important and effective constituents in the thorns of Gleditsia sinensis Lam., which have been known to show antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and anticoagulant activities. However, efficient extraction and separation methods for these flavonoids are not currently established.

This review summarizes recent developments (over the past decade) in the field of microfluidics‐based solutions for enantiomeric separation and detection. The progress in various formats of microchip electrodriven separations, such as microchip electrophoresis (MCE), microchip electrochromatography (MCEC), and multidimensional separation techniques, is discussed. Innovations covering chiral stationary

A microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed for the extraction of bioactive inositols (D‐chiro‐ and myo‐inositols) from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves as a strategy for the revalorization of these agrofood residues. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was selected for the simultaneous determination of inositols and sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in these samples. A Box–Behnken

The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), which is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), using chest X-ray images has life-saving importance for both patients and doctors. In addition, in countries that are unable to purchase laboratory kits for testing, this becomes even more vital. In this study, we aimed to present the use of deep learning for