Nature Medicine asks leading researchers to name their top clinical trial for 2024, from base editing and a vaccine against HIV to artificial intelligence tools for lung cancer and patient triage.

Nature Medicine asks six leading AI researchers to explain how LLM-powered chatbots are having an impact on health, from virtual nurses to detecting cancer progression.

In people with cardiovascular disease (without diabetes) and overweight or obesity, the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide significantly reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events.

The adoption of medical AI devices in clinical practice is still in its infancy, with uneven usage across procedures and locations in the USA, which underscores the inequities in its real-world implementation.

Preclinical and initial human studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may be promising treatments for alcohol use disorder, but existing approved treatments should be used until safety and efficacy is demonstrated in clinical trials.

The report — the first of its kind from the WHO — is intended as a roadmap for building responsive and inclusive health systems for displaced people.

A year ago, we adopted an ethics framework to help with the assessment of and to increase transparency and accountability for research practices in studies involving partnerships between researchers in high- and low-income settings. We now reflect on our progress, what we learned and the way forward to champion ethical, inclusive and equitable partnerships in the content we publish.

A citizen science approach has helped craft a resource-rich vaginal microbiome map with associations to lifestyle and events across a woman’s life course.

We asked the winners of the Nature Award for Inclusive Health Research to share their key lessons for conducting medical research in partnership with under-represented communities.

Two modelling studies offer compelling evidence that less-than-perfect adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis can still provide reasonable protection for cisgender women — providing optimism for a more person-centered approach and lower discontinuation rates.

Modern artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots such as ChatGPT leverage the technology of large language models (LLMs) and natural language processing1. These chatbots use natural language processing to enable user interactions via a chat-based interface that produces LLM-generated text. Their performance has improved as LLM-linked chatbots are increasingly being trained with online sources, and

A quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus produced by the Serum Institute of India was shown to be noninferior to the established quadrivalent vaccine — boosting global efforts to eliminate cervical cancer.

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for meningioma, the most common primary intracranial tumor, but improvements in meningioma risk stratification are needed and indications for postoperative radiotherapy are controversial. Here we develop a targeted gene expression biomarker that predicts meningioma outcomes and radiotherapy responses. Using a discovery cohort of 173 meningiomas, we developed a 34-gene

Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually. Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk factor for hematological malignancies, risks at CT examination dose levels remain uncertain. Here we followed up a multinational cohort (EPI-CT) of 948,174 individuals who underwent CT examinations before age 22 years in nine European

To date there is a lack of randomized trial data examining the use of the antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant persons. This target trial emulation study aims to address this gap by evaluating the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in non-hospitalized pregnant women with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection. Among patients diagnosed between 16th March 2022 and 5th

A machine-learning diagnosis tool, based on low-cost sequencing, can assist decision-making during brain surgeries.

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy improves event-free survival (EFS) and pathologic complete response (pCR, 0% residual viable tumor [RVT] in primary tumor [PT]+lymph nodes [LNs]), and is approved for treatment of resectable lung cancer. Pathologic response assessment after neoadjuvant therapy is the potential analog to radiographic response for advanced disease. However, %RVT thresholds

A study has found that people with intermediate levels of scientific knowledge have the highest levels of overconfidence — and the most negative attitudes toward science.

Anopheles stephensi, an Asian malaria vector, continues to expand across Africa. The vector is now firmly established in urban settings in the Horn of Africa. Its presence in areas where malaria resurged suggested a possible role in causing malaria outbreaks. Using a prospective case control design, we investigated the role of An. stephensi in transmission following a malaria outbreak in Dire Dawa

Using an array of multi-omic and other technologies, scientists have comprehensively mapped the types and specialties of brain cells — revealing insights into human evolution, development and disease.

A large body of evidence now supports use of rapid whole-genome sequencing (rWGS) as a cost-effective tool for timely diagnosis and tailored management of critically ill children with rare diseases. However, efficacy has so far been demonstrated only in high-income settings, which has led to disparate implementation of and variable access to rWGS.