Lead is a chemical contaminant that threatens public health, and high levels of lead have been identified in drinking water at locations across the globe. Under-served populations that use private systems for drinking water supplies may be at an elevated level of risk because utilities and governing agencies are not responsible for ensuring that lead levels meet the Lead and Copper Rule at these systems

The traditional description of a hydrological system with a deterministic, conceptual model and a lumped output error term does not explicitly consider the main mechanisms of uncertainty generation due to approximate process representation, unobserved variability in processes and influence factors, and input uncertainty. In this study, we test the description of such intrinsic uncertainty in conceptual

The frequency and severity of floods have noticeably increased worldwide in the last decades due to climate change and urbanization. This study aims to build an urban flood warning system for reducing the impact of flood disasters. A great number of storm-induced rainfall data were collected in Taipei, Taiwan, and the corresponding 2-D inundation maps were simulated for illustrating urban rainfall-flood

Flooding is a serious and recurring natural hazard. Flood hazard mapping requires synthesizing relevant factors that affect flood occurrence to allow for an accurate geographical assessment of flood characteristics for flood management activities. Two Multi-criteria Decision-Making Methods consisting of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy-AHP (F-AHP) methods were applied in identifying

A better understanding of phosphorus-transfer process and influence factors at Sediment-Water Interface (SWI) is essential to develop effective and efficient river managements strategies. In this study, overlying water, pore water and riverbed sediment samples were collected in the Huaihe River (HR), a highly polluted river in Eastern China, in May 2013, July 2013 and June 2016, respectively. Models

Trichodesmium, a major diazotroph in tropical and subtropical oceans, provides a significant amount of bioavailable nitrogen in oligotrophic oceans. Remarkably, the cyanobacteria carry out nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis simultaneously under high light (HL) conditions. Here, we hypothesize that nickel superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) protects the nitrogen fixation process from oxidative stress generated

Although it is well known that precipitation and flood pulses in the Langcang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) are largely impacted by monsoons, it is unclear to what extent flood inundation characteristics (i.e., inundation frequency, depth, area, and timing) in the basin respond to different monsoon types and monsoon combined effect, i.e., the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), the Western North Pacific Monsoon

A steady-state analytical solution based on the method of Green’s function is presented for the analysis of hydraulic interference between pumping wells and ambient flow in a heterogeneous wedge-shaped aquifer. Two intersecting streams with spatially variable head form the boundaries of the wedge and establish non-uniform distribution of ambient flow across it. The dual-zone aquifer consists of two

Litter moisture content plays a critical role in fire danger rating systems and forest ecosystems. Soil moisture content has been proposed to affect litter moisture due to vapour flux and capillary rise from the soil. However, few models consider soil water content when predicting litter moisture, and to our knowledge, no model includes capillary fluxes. In this study, we represented soil moisture

Non-point source (NPS) pollution is an important factor affecting the quality of water environment. In recent years, a large number of online water quality monitoring stations have been used to obtain continuous time series water quality monitoring data. These data provide the necessary basis for the application of deep learning methods in water quality prediction. However, the prediction accuracy

Extreme floods are underrepresented in stream gauge records. Sedimentological evidence of past floods (paleofloods) yields longer records, allowing extreme floods to be examined over several Holocene climate periods. This study examines the influence of hydrogeomorphic complexity (floodplain aggradation and spatially variable flood deposition) on paleoflood record “completeness” and their implications

Abstract not available

Evapotranspiration is a key component of the hydrologic cycle. Accurate short-, medium-, and long-term forecasts of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) are crucial not only for quantifying the impacts of climate change on the water and energy balance, but also for real-time estimation of crop water demand and irrigation water allocation in agriculture. Despite considerable advances in satellite remote

Locating the free surface in steady-state seepage flow through a homogeneous isotropic rectangular dam is a well-posed free-boundary problem. It has often been used as a benchmark problem to validate sophisticated numerical schemes developed for solving more complex seepage problems encountered in groundwater hydrology. This problem has been solved analytically using the hodograph method and the conformal

The vigorous development of satellite precipitation observations has gained widespread attention in the field of hydrology. Many studies have explored the reliability of hydrological models driven by satellite precipitation data (SPD) to reproduce streamflow. However, the reliability of SPD in the simulation of other hydrological processes remains unclear, even though a full understanding of the dynamic

Water-saving through deficit irrigation management is a prominent approach to improving water productivity (WP) in sustainable agriculture. However, it is not feasible to assess many irrigation scenarios and their impact on WP. Therefore, crop modeling is a valuable tool for evaluating the effect of different irrigation scenarios on yield and WP. No study has evaluated surface irrigation and transition

Isotopes (δ18O and δD, δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4, tritium and 14C) were employed to reveal moisture sources in precipitation and sources of surface water and groundwater, as well as groundwater residence times and sulfate sources in the Shule River Basin (SRB). Groundwater originates in the Qilian Mountains as high-altitude precipitation and meltwater from ice archives. The local meteoric water line (LMWL)

Coastal zones (CZ) are ecologically and environmentally significant, and it is thus critical to study the interactions among different types of natural CZ waters for better understanding biogeochemical processes. Water samples (n = 101) were analyzed for multiple stable isotopes (δ18O-H2O, δD-H2O, δ15N-PON, δ15N-NO3−, and δ18O-NO3−) in seawater, river water, reservoir water and groundwater at Tianjin

Climate warming is accelerating the release of voluminous organic carbon from thawing permafrost into the Arctic Ocean via riverine transport. However, the seasonal variations in riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exports in Arctic river basins with different areal extents of permafrost and how changes in water temperature (Tw) impact seasonal DOC exports are not fully understood. In this study

Global population growth and rapid economic development, along with modern goals for creating sustainable communities, render it necessary to focus on fundamental, finite resources such as water and energy. The interdependencies between water and energy are well known, while recently the interest of the scientific and policy communities on their dependency relationship has grown noticeably. On the

The process of water exchange between rivers and groundwater is critical for the circulation of material and energy; however, this process is strongly affected by dam-regulated water and sediment. The lower Yellow River seeps downward throughout its coarse and suspended (perched) riverbed and feeds the surrounding floodplain groundwater. The Xiaolangdi Dam (XLD) and water–sediment regulation scheme

Wetlands in drylands have high inter- and intra-annual ecohydrological variations that are driven to a great extent by climate variability and anthropogenic influences. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands encourages the development of frameworks for national action and international cooperation for ensuring conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources at local, national and regional scales

Air-gap diffusion distillation (AGDD) is a practical desalination technique. The highly saturated super hydrophilic porous medium as its evaporation surface has a decisive influence on the desalination efficiency of AGDD. In experiments, we found preferential flow in porous media. However, the preferential flow in highly saturated super hydrophilic porous media has not been studied, and the effect

Over the last twenty years, numerous strategies and policies (e.g., 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development) have emerged to promote flood risk reduction that is compatible with the conservation or restoration of river ecosystems, with the ultimate goal of achieving sustainable development. In this context, vulnerability analysis is considered a key aspect in flood risk reduction, and the most widespread

Runoff projection under future climate scenarios has been widely studied to investigate the impacts of climate change on regional water availability. However, uncertainty in runoff projection due to different ETp inputs has not been fully assessed. This study firstly adopted the physically-based Penman model, temperature-based Hargreaves model, and radiation-based Abtew, Jensen-Haise, and modified

Abstract not available

Pervious pavement system (PPS) is a suitable alternative technique for mitigating urban flooding and urban heat island (UHI) simultaneously. However, existing literature has revealed that PPSs cannot achieve the expected permeability and evaporation. To overcome this gap, this study presents an elaborate review of problems associated with PPSs and highlights its benefits to stormwater management and