The influence of soil surface gradient on rainfall infiltration and related surface runoff generation are not well understood for representation in hydrologic modeling because of conflicting theoretical formulations and experimental results available in the scientific literature. The main objective of this study is to integrate and extend previous laboratory experiments using artificial rainfall over

A novel framework that integrally uses groundwater and streamflow observations to calibrate a physically based sub surface model to generate base flow on a daily time step is presented in this study. Trend analysis on mean annual base flow time series showed that a declining trend was present in the basin though the upstream humid region was devoid of any trend. GLUE analysis was adopted to the simulation

Water options trading (WOT) is an effective way to promote efficient allocation of water resources and to manage risks of water scarcity. Scientific prediction information can help hedge the risks brought by uncertain hydrological and market environment to WOT. However, confronting with the prediction information, irrigation areas characterizing with heterogeneous resource endowments often exhibit

Assessing the natural or man-made alterations in the hydrological characteristics of watershed systems is a prerequisite to develop watershed management, restoration, and conservation strategies and plans. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA), based on a suite of Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA), is most widely used to assess hydrologic alterations. However, the traditional RVA and its

Floods are the most commonly occurring natural disaster, with the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters 2021 report on “The Non-COVID Year in Disasters” estimating economic losses worth over USD 51 million and over 6000 fatalities in 2020. The hydrodynamic models which are used for flood forecasting need to be evaluated and constrained using observations of water depth and extent. While

Recently, gridded precipitation datasets (GPDs) have become an essential input in hydrological modeling. Evaluation of their performance is a priori step before their application. When they are applied to a glaciated catchment, the glacier mass balance adds another dimension to the evaluation. This study has attempted to introduce the Turc-Budyko formula for validating the GPDs in glaciated catchments

Remote sensing has become a data source long ago for estimating evapotranspiration (ET), but often with a dilemma between temporal and spatial resolution. The recent ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) reaches a satisfactory compromise. It provides 70 m spatial resolution and an average 4-day revisit cycle at different times of a day, making granular analysis

Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) measurements are fundamental for improving the understanding of water-energy related processes and for validating model simulations. However, ET is inherently difficult to measure unambiguously. The surface renewal (SR) method, which describes the turbulence exchange process from a new perspective, has been successfully applied within affordable costs from crops to

Large-scale vegetation restoration projects have been ongoing in the karst region of southwest China for several years. However, the influence of vegetation restoration alone on soil moisture (SM) changes in this region remains unclear. In this study, a random forest model was constructed using meteorological data, the ERA5-Land SM dataset, and the enhanced vegetation index to analyze SM changes in

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The influence of climate change and human interference bring high nonstationary characteristics that are different from the original long-term stable state. So that, investigating runoff variation and attribution under changing environments is important for implementing adaptive management of global water resources, especially on the interannual scale. In this study, the attribution of measured runoff

One of the major advantages of satellite precipitation estimates is that they can provide a complete picture of precipitation systems; a difficult task to achieve using sparsely distributed rain gauges. This advantage greatly enhances our understanding of natural precipitation. Also, for this reason, it is difficult to know satellite-derived precipitation system performance using a direct “object-to-object”

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and Indian summer monsoon (ISM) are two interactive climate systems dominating the moisture variability of Monsoon Asia. However, ISM-EASM interactions and their effects on regional moisture dynamics remain unclear. This study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of monsoon-related hydroclimate variability by establishing a new tree-ring oxygen isotope

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Abstract not available

Persistent eutrophication frequently causes toxic algal blooms, which is a serious threat to drinking water safety, food security, and public health. Nutrient thresholds, the maximum nutrient load that an aquatic ecosystem can absorb while meeting management objective, are key to avoiding and reducing blooms. The determination of thresholds relies on nutrient load-response curves. The spatial heterogeneity

Locally recycled moisture from transpiration and surface evaporation is of great importance in the terrestrial hydrological cycle, especially in the widely distributed oases across arid central Asia. Quantitative assessment of the proportional contribution of recycled moisture to local precipitation, i.e., the recycling ratio, is useful to understand the land-air interaction as well as the anthropogenic

Flood is the most common worldwide natural disaster with enormous impacts on human society and the ecosystem. Consequently, the research of flood risk assessment and zonation is critical. Its research scope is changeable, wherein the basin-scale research has become more and more important due to the increasing boom of cascade hydropower development in the river basin. The study proposed a basin-wide

Common approaches for characterizing streambed architecture, and its influence on groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) exchanges, are generally limited by their invasiveness and low spatial sampling density, which is a particular issue in streambeds that typically have high spatial heterogeneity. Combined DC resistivity and induced polarization (DC-IP) imaging can provide rapid, non-invasive and continuous

In response to the increasing threats of flash flooding, how to generate flood maps in real time has drawn great attention. In this study, a hybrid ML model was developed for flood map generation with multiple lead times based on the combination of the support vector regression (SVR) method and Heun’s scheme for numerical correction, in which the hydraulic simulation results are used for model training

The validation of satellite soil moisture (SM) products is challenged by the large scale difference between in situ-satellite based measurements. In order to tackle the significant spatial scale mismatch, this study conducted a multi-scale validation of three typical SM products (i.e., SMOS-IC, SMAP L3, and AMSR2 LPRM) over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. First, a 25-km better-performing SM dataset was produced

This study evaluates the effect of cloud seeding on the increase of runoff or securing of additional water resources. Unlike previous studies, this study concentrates more on the change of various components of the hydrologic processes. Both the event-based analysis and the annual analysis are conducted to evaluate the change of these components. The Boryeong Dam Basin in Korea is considered as a study

Healthy soils are one of the key priorities of the EU Soil Strategy, and soil erosion can present a threat to soils around the world. Rainfall erosivity is the main driver of soil erosion by water. Rainfall interception by vegetation can reduce the erosive power of raindrops, and consequently measures involving vegetation can mitigate soil erosion losses. In this study, the effect of rainfall interception

Access to resources—whether human, financial, or social—is a key indicator of research output and, in turn, academic career progression. However, resources are not equally distributed among scientists and disparities often stem from external factors. This reality is particularly impactful for early career researchers (ECRs) who have limited control over the resources available to them to advance their

Reservoirs are active reactors for the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C) and nutrients (nitrogen: N, phosphorus: P, and silica: Si), however, our in-depth understanding of C and nutrient cycling in reservoirs is still limited by the fact that it involves a variety of closely linked and coupled biogeochemical and hydrological processes. In this study, the updated process-based Barman model was applied

Sinking is part of diatom life history. Typically, by the end of a bloom, diatoms form aggregates that sink rapidly to the bottom. This opportunistic lifestyle can be considered an adaptation to reduce predation losses, because predation pressure in the sediment is less than that in the water column. In this study, we demonstrate that two out of six examined diatoms become sticky and coagulate into

Soil moisture is a key variable controlling the energy and water balance at the land surface and satellite-derived soil moisture (SDSM) products can therefore be helpful to constrain parameters of (eco)hydrological models. Due to coarse resolution of many SDSM products (> 25 km), previous studies mostly focused on large catchments (> 500 km2). However, recent developments in soil moisture remote sensing

Water abstraction is a key aspect when performing drinking water risk assessment within the scope of Water Safety Plan (WPS). In this context, evaluating aquifer vulnerability could be not exhaustive. Care must be taken to consider the well structure and dynamic behavior that can determine different water quality and vulnerability than those of the tapped aquifer. Here, a methodological approach to

Reservoir flood control operation is an important and effective measure for avoiding or reducing flood disasters. Considering that reservoir operation is a control process that essentially manages the spillway gates to increase or decrease the amount of released water, this paper focuses on studying the reservoir flood control operation which considers spillway gate scheduling. Minimizing the peak

Improving the understanding of the future hydrological drought variability in cascade reservoirs area is indispensable for water resource management, especially in the context of changing climate. This study aims to investigate the hydrological drought variations in the upper Yellow River Basin (UYRB) during 2021-2100 employing the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets

Changes in hydrological processes caused by rapid urbanization lead to the growing incidence of urban flooding, which is a major challenge to urban sustainability. Urban floods have seriously threatened the natural environment and human life. Understanding the spatial patterns and influencing factors of urban flooding has important implications for mitigating urban flood hazards. Previous studies have

Optimal operation of multi-purpose multi-reservoir dams is a challenging problem for dams’ stakeholders and decision-makers. Optimization algorithms are able to present reliable solutions for such complex problems. This study compared the capability of 20 state-of-the-art robust meta-heuristic algorithms for determining the optimal operating policy of Halilrood multi-reservoir system under the three

Nitrate Concentration–discharge (C-Q) relationships have been used to infer nitrate sources, storage, reactions, and transport in watersheds, and to reveal key processes that control runoff chemistry. Yet, studies on long-term nitrate C-Q relationships are limited due to scarce high frequency (e.g., daily) concentration data. In this paper, using a long-term high-frequency dataset (1976-2019) comprising

Merging the satellite and gauge precipitation has been proofed as an efficient approach to improve the accuracy of quantitative precipitation estimation. However, for areas with few and unevenly distributed rain gauges, accurate precipitation estimation still remains challenging. To address this problem, this paper proposes a framework to improve precipitation estimation for the data scarce area based

Under the double pressure of ecological vulnerability and economic development, natural resources and ecological environment have become the key constraints to the development of the Yellow River Basin (YRB). This paper proposed a theoretical framework for the relationship between water-energy-food (WEF) and poverty. An improved coupling coordination degree model and the geographical detector were

In intertidal zones, groundwater is often present as seepage that provides freshwater and nutrients to marine ecosystems. Point discharge or springs in intertidal zones have been observed in many locations, often in the form of sand boils. The spatial extent, temporal variability and source of intertidal springs are rarely documented and typically, not well understood. This study examined four intertidal