Soil moisture is an important indicator for monitoring agricultural drought, and is closely related to soil texture. However, the role that soil textures play in agricultural drought evolution in humid climates is not well understood. In the study, we systematically assessed the feasibility of the Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI) for agricultural drought monitoring in humid regions, examined the impact

The Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), with a footprint of 17 m and an along-track spacing of 0.7 m, is expected to improve our ability to observe small inland water bodies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of ICESat-2 for water level retrieval of medium (< 1 km in width) to small (< 50 m) rivers

Vegetation is an important factor that affects the hydrodynamics of river channels. Using hydrodynamic and water quality models in vegetated channels can help better understand the problem of river water pollution. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate the hydrodynamics of flexible vegetated channels, and the projected area characteristics of flexible vegetation are

The effects of droughts on food, economic, and social security have long been a worldwide significant issue. Recently droughts have showed a development trendency with a longer duration and a wider impact area due to the climate change and the human activities. In this study, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data were used to develop the water storage deficit index, based

Increasing the precision of groundwater pollution source identification (GPSI) is crucial for groundwater pollution control and risk management. Bayesian theory based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is a useful strategy of solving the GPSI problem. However, because of the nonlinear and uncertainty characteristics of GPSI, the Metropolis-Hasting (MH) algorithm, one of the most well-known

Recent years have seen rapid progress in the adoption of fully convolutional neural networks (FCN) to classify optical satellite imagery, made possible by a combination of new FCN architectures, next-generation GPUs, and publicly available satellite imagery from, e.g., the Landsat and Sentinel missions. These satellites offer repeat global coverage at intervals of only a few days at a spatial resolution

A macroscale composite principal-monotonicity distributed hydro-projection system is developed through hybridizing advanced statistical hydroclimatic systems analysis methods of verified superiorities. The system can enhance accuracies and feasibilities of climate-informed hydrologic projections, quantitatively reveal climate-induced hydro-magnitude and -variability changes, and decompose variations

Droughts are a cyclical feature of Australia's climate that have compounding impacts on agricultural productivity and wellbeing. Understanding anticipated drought conditions in context of antecedent observations is critical to providing early warning of drought. In this study we paired probabilistic seasonal rainfall forecasts with satellite blended precipitation data and modelled soil moisture and

In arid and semiarid regions, floating covers can effectively reduce water surface evaporation to save water. However, the physical process of water surface evaporation greatly changes under floating coverage, and the open water surface evaporation estimation models cannot accurately quantify the water surface evaporation under floating coverage. A novel combination model for estimating water surface

Climate variability and human activities are the two major driving forces of changes in the hydrological cycle. However, how these two factors separately influence the water cycle in arid irrigation districts with shallow groundwater tables is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the long-term changes in the water cycle and then quantify the individual contributions of climate variability

Compound flooding caused by a combination of rainfall and water level may occur in coastal cities. Under the influence of climate change, compound flooding is likely to be intensified. In this paper, using the main urban area of Haikou City as an example, we developed an event-based statistical-numerical hybrid framework to investigate the effects of sea level rise (SLR) and future rainfall changes

Data Assimilation (DA) is an important step for improving prediction accuracy and real-time correction of hydrological models for operational forecasting purposes. The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is one of the most popular techniques used to address the issues of updating the model states and parameters by creating a novel set of initial conditions in real-time. This study aims at identifying optimal

Deep geological disposal is internationally accepted as a feasible and safe approach for high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal. To evaluate hydrogeological conditions in support of safety assessments for HLW disposal at the Xinchang preselected site in China, stochastic inverse models of site-scale groundwater flow were developed in this study to generate highly parameterized hydraulic conductivity

This study investigates choices of statistical distributions to represent the threshold exceedance frequency and magnitude of peaks-over-threshold (POT) series from a national dataset of extreme hydrological events from 842 gauging stations in the UK. From the initial POT series, two new series were created, POT1 and POT3, representing POT series with an average of, respectively, one and three exceedances

In recent decades, the study of steady flow in the compound channel has received much attention, while the flow characteristics of flood in the compound channel are rarely reported. In this paper, the characteristics of the flood propagation under different initial main channel depths are studied using the laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. Results show that the overflowing water from

Under global warming, extreme climatic events frequently occurred worldwide such as extreme drought and heavy flood. Analysis of drought and flood spatiotemporal evolution and physical mechanism is of great significance for future disaster warning and mitigation. In 2022, the Yangtze River Catchment (YRC) experienced an extreme drought, which profoundly affected the regional economy, ecological environment

The occurrence of flooding in a catchment is attributable to various mechanisms. Several researchers have used linear models to quantify the relative contributions of different flood generating mechanisms. However, the use of linear models for this quantification may not be suitable given the complex and nonlinear processes from climate to floods. In this study, we used nonlinear machine learning models

Seepage failure of high earth-rockfill dams have devastating consequences, and its safety analysis is of great importance in the design phase. However, the highest safety standards in high dams pose a challenge to the calculated efficiency of safety assessment. To address this problem, a random seepage safety assessment method which can consider the spatial variability of hydraulic parameters is proposed

Accurately estimating reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is crucial for decision-making regarding irrigation, improving farmland water use efficiency, planning water resources, and simulating the global water cycle. However, because traditional ET0 estimation models often require a large number of meteorological parameters as input variables, their application potential is limited, especially

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions provide unprecedented approaches for tracking terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA). However, evaluating long-term hydrologic states requires continuous TWSA without the ∼11-month gap between the two GRACE missions. Trend prediction is a challenging problem for TWSA gap-filling. There are three common methods

As an essential component of the hydrological cycle at both regional and global scales, karst aquifers store large amounts of water, serving as the main source of fresh water supply in many areas. Karst springs provide a natural drainage pathway for karst groundwater systems to participate in the hydrological cycle. Accurate prediction of karst spring discharge is of great value to the long-term planning

This study presents a framework to quantify changes in soil saturation in response to flooding caused by extreme hydrologic perturbation on coastal ecosystems at the interfaces and transition between terrestrial and aquatic systems. Subsurface heterogeneity limits the use of in situ measurements to quantify subsurface flow during flooding due to the spatial discontinuity in the measured data. While

As the human population grows and the demand for freshwater intensifies, river systems previously overlooked for water production are increasingly being earmarked for development. Many of these rivers are intermittent or in remote locations, and most are insufficiently instrumented (i.e., few to no gauging stations) and poorly understood, even though sustainable water resource development and the effective

With the heightened threat of declining terrestrial groundwater, determining the effects of changing environments on terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) is essential for water resource management. As a critical element of the water cycle, the multi-effects of the natural and artificial factors on TWSA were still not fully understood and quantified. Using multiple high-resolution data products

In water-limited areas, soil water content (SWC) is a critical factor for plant growth and ecosystem stability. To understand the long-term effects of three different land uses (Vigna radiata: VR, Stipa bungeana: SB, and Medicago sativa: MS) and two climate scenarios (representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP45) and nonclimate change (Non_CC)) on water budgets and the mechanisms of dried soil layer

Groundwater is a strategic freshwater resource in the Mediterranean region. Excessive reliance on this vital resource, mainly for agricultural uses, has caused severe groundwater depletion in many aquifers. Uncertainties in groundwater availability are further exacerbated by climate change and its associated impacts. To address these challenges and ensure the longevity of this resource, sustainable

The migration process of leached uranium in the in-situ leaching of uranium is considered a typical reactive transport problem. During this process, the lixiviant concentration and injection rate are important in-situ leaching process parameters (ISLPP) to efficiently recover uranium. However, several uncertain factors affect the outcomes of the ISLPP design. In addition, the repeated use of the reactive

Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste (FW) and application of the solid product (hydrochar, HC) in agriculture, is expected to be an effective way to promote the circulation in food-energy-water nexus. However, little is known on the effects of applying FW-derived HC as a soil amendment on soil properties and functions. The current study investigated the effects of FW-derived HC on soil hydraulic

Rootzone hydraulic conditions govern root water uptake and transpiration under drought stress. Process-based approaches to predict the soil water status are advocated for an improved simulation of soil hydrology and crop yield. We investigated the sensitivity to system parameters in root water uptake simulation using a process-based function (MFlux) and an empirical function (Feddes) embedded in the

Accurate estimation of harmful algal blooms is imperative for the protection of surface water. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) which is used as a proxy for estimating the algal concentration, is affected by a wide range of weather and physicochemical factors that act at varying spatial and temporal scales. Deep learning (DL) based models such as Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs)

The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its derivatives express the combined effects of crop cover and rainfall patterns by the cover and management factor (C). Thus, the C-factor links the combined effect of soil surface roughness, vegetation, biomass cover, and rainfall patterns on soil erosion. This evaluation should be at each phenological stage. Due to the significant time and effort needed

The observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites provide total water storage changes (TWSC) at ∼300 km or larger spatial scales. To obtain information at a higher spatial resolution, suitable for management purposes, previous studies combined GRACE TWSC maps with information from hydrological models via assimilation techniques (e.g. CLSM-DA), or with external observations

This study investigates the hydrologic utility of satellite precipitation estimates from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission by comparing flood signals produced across the Continental United States by a ten-year span of in-situ, ground-based radar and satellite-based precipitation data. The flood characteristics generated with radar and satellite precipitation through a distributed hydrologic

Water is an important natural resource with economic and social attributes. The most important aspects of water resource regulations are fairness and efficiency. Achieving a balance between fairness and efficiency is a challenging but popular topic in related research. In this study, three optimal water-resource allocation models were constructed: efficiency priority (E-P), fairness priority (F-P)

Baseflow is a critical component of streamflow, as it maintains flow during meteorological drought. However, our understanding of baseflow response to meteorological droughts is limited. In this study, we presented a flexible approach for detecting precipitation and baseflow droughts and their corresponding recovery. Using this framework, we analyzed data from 358 anthropogenically unaffected catchments

Managed phreatic zone recharge with marginal water, using (existing) drainage systems, raises the water table and increases water availability for crops. This is a newly developed method of freshwater conservation and marginal water treatment and disposal, but risks crop and environmental contamination. The fate of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) within the irrigated water is addressed. We

Hydraulic conductivity is a critical parameter for studying the behavior of clay-water systems. However, accurately estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity k in clayey soil by using the Kozeny-Carman (KC) equation is challenging due to the neglect of its active surface properties and nanoscale pores. Clay surfaces can have diverse characteristics resulting from various physicochemical processes

The amount of suspended sediment entering the Middle Yangtze River (MYR) was greatly reduced owing to the operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and other upstream dams, which has caused the process of sediment transport in the MYR at a severe non-equilibrium state. A detailed investigation was conducted into the transport of nonuniform suspended load in the MYR using about 30-year observed data:

Abstract not available

Estimating global land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is of great significance for assessing the impact of climate change on the global hydrological cycle and energy balance. In this study, we propose a surface energy balance constrained deep learning (DL-SEB) model for simulating global land surface evapotranspiration (ET). The accuracy of the DL-SEB model in estimating ET was tested using FLUXNET

Glaciers are key indicators of climate change and are crucial for maintaining the security of the regional water supply. The glacier mass change (GMC) of Karakoram from October 2018 to September 2022 is estimated at regional and grid-cell scales using the ICESat-2/ATL06 altimetry data and the GMC series is decomposed with the Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Procedure Based on Loess (STL) method. Then

We developed a novel, lognormal, pore-scale, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model, K(ψ)model, which does not require saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, as an input parameter. K(ψ)model is derived solely from hydraulic parameters describing a bimodal, lognormal, pore-scale, soil water retention curve θ(ψ). The K(ψ)model is based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, which represents the soil as a

The impact of climate change on terrestrial water storage (TWS) is critical for understanding the global hydrological process. The Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and GRACE Follow-On (GFO) data were used to measure the processes involved in the hydrological process in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB) from 2002 to 2021. The common-mode

Evapotranspiration (ET) exerts substantial effects on terrestrial ecosystem carbon and water cycles. A deep understanding of the spatial and temporal variability in ET and its dominant controls has crucial implications for future ecological management, especially for the ecologically-fragile Three-River-Source region (TRSR) in China. The study examined the performance of three ET products including

Permeability modeling of filled fractures, in contrast to porous media and rough fractures, has long plagued the hydrology and energy industries. Non-Darcy flow occurs in filled fractures, and it reduces the effective permeability, making it challenging to predict the effective permeability. In this study, smooth fractures filled with ideal spherical proppants were considered as research objects. To

Floodplain wetlands are essential for the survival and reproduction of waterbirds, but droughts can negatively impact their food availability and habitat conditions, leading to a decline in waterbird abundance and diversity. To better understand the impact of hydrological and phenological variables on floodplain waterbird habitats during drought conditions, we employed hydrological modeling and remote

Given the complexity of coastal drought events and their unique impacts on coastal ecosystems, it is vital to develop drought indices that can reflect both freshwater availability and impacts on ecological resources to better assess drought conditions over coastal regions. Existing drought indices developed for upland areas may not be suitable to capture the timing and severity of drought in the coastal

Karst water plays a crucial role as a freshwater source, which provides drinking water for millions of people worldwide. Accurate assessment of karst water resources and prediction of the impact of rainfall events on karst systems require a comprehensive understanding of medium parameters, such as the karst matrix hydraulic conductivity and specific yield. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated