Molecular dynamics (MD) was used to establish a mechanistic basis for the experimentally observed reduction in liquidus and solidus temperatures below the melting point of the end-members for the mixed oxides (Th,U)O2, (Th,Pu)O2 and (Pu,U)O2. This dip is found at ∼5% additions of the oxide with higher melting point to the oxide with the lower melting point. There are many causes suggested for the dip;

Recently, macroscopic superlubricity has been realized by forming spherical geometries at a sliding interface to cause nanoscopic point contact. Here, we showed macroscopic superlubricity (∼0.005) enhanced by graphene nanoscrolls, which were formed at the sliding interface of a tribological pair composed of graphite-like and fullerene-like hydrogenated carbon films.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have great potential in supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, we reported for first synthesis of Mn doped Co(OH)2 nanosheets via a hydrothermal decomposition of a mixed aquesous solution of MnCl2·6H2O, CoCl2·6H2O and CO(NH2)2 at 200 °C for 6 h without using any template or surfactant. The synergetic effect of unique 2D structure and Mn doping is favorable for electron transportation

Brittle fracture is one of the most severe problems in carbon materials, which limits their applications in energy storage and conversion devices. Three dimensional (3D) porous carbon materials with honeycomb structure are extracted from the bio-waste, peeled pomelo material (PPM). The tensile test shows that both the ultimate tensile strength and elongation increases with increasing sintering temperature

Flexible Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells fabricated on metal foils and plastics have achieved high conversion efficiency so far. However, metal impurities and low temperature tolerance hinder them from further considerable development. Here, 150 μm-thick ultrathin glass with desirable advantages was applied as substrate for Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cell. Potassium element was doped by a simple method during the post-selenization

High purity Cu2BaSnS4 thin films with high qualities were synthesized by a low-cost solution processed method. The obtained Cu2BaSnS4 thin films were systematically studied via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and so on. The characterized results indicate high purity and fully coverage of Cu2BaSnS4, determined by

Here we explore the range of serial sectioning techniques that have evolved over the past decade, providing a comprehensive toolkit for capturing rich 3D microstructures, chemistries and crystallographic information, with sub-micron resolution at volumes that extend out to mm3 or even cm3. In each case we consider the challenges associated with their application, the volumes they can analyze, the damage

It is highly imperative to remove phosphorus from water bodies because the excessive phosphorus content can cause eutrophication of water bodies. In this work, we prepare a kind of environmentally friendly and low-cost adsorbent comprising lanthanum (La)-doped bentonite and chitosan, with a simple, facile and scalable method combining direct calcination and subsequent blending. The optimal adsorbent

This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the compressive deformation of bamboo (Bambusa Vulgaris-Schrad) in the middle section. The deformation mechanisms are elucidated via in-situ observations of deformation in specimens oriented for loading in directions that are either longitudinal or transverse. Compressive deformation is shown to result in progressive micro-buckling

This study examined the effect of the cooling rate on the hardness and its effect on the microstructure during porcelain firing simulation of a Pd–Ag–In–Sn−Ga metal-ceramic alloy. In practice, after each firing step for porcelain bonding, the prosthesis is cooled to room temperature before proceeding to the next firing step. The cooling step is known to allow the hardness of the metal substructure

Bitumen is a material of significant importance for the roadwork industry and hence for development of infrastructure, economy and society. Therefore, understanding its ageing behavior is one of the most crucial factors in the service life of a road. Standard chemo-mechanical analysis involving dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and Fourier-Transformation Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a good way to do

In this paper, the effect of polyolefin macro fibers on fracture, fresh and hardened state properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) has been assessed. To do so, four SCLC mixes have been cast such that the solid contents and water to binder ratio have been kept constant while the volume fraction of fiber contents varied from 0.0% to 0.5% by concrete volume. Moreover, to evaluate the

Phase change materials (PCMs) can regulate the temperature of asphalt pavement through latent thermal energy storage. Composite phase change materials using lightweight aggregate as supporting material have been used in asphalt pavement. This work aims at investigating the effect of lightweight aggregate gradation on latent heat storage capacity of asphalt mixture for achieving satisfactory cooling

Bond strength between the normal strength concrete (NSC) and ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) is determined through slant shear, split tensile and four point bending test. Test methods are selected based on failure criteria such as shear, tension and bending in the typical strengthened structural components. The parameters studied to determine the bond behaviour are surface preparation (chipping

An asymptotic analysis of the energy functional of a fiber-reinforced composite beam with a periodic microstructure in its cross section is performed. From this analysis the asymptotically exact energy as well as the 1-D beam theory of first order is derived. The effective stiffnesses of the beam are calculated in the most general case from the numerical solution of the cell and homogenized cross-sectional

This study presents an analytical solution for calculating sound transmission loss through a circular cylindrical shell made of polymeric foam. The intended cylinder is excited by an acoustic plane wave. The equations of motion for the cylindrical shell are derived by the first-order shear deformation. Besides, the polymeric foam is characterized using functionally graded Zener model in which the mechanical

In this paper, the effects of rivet layout on mechanical properties of CFRP/Al electromagnetic bond-riveted joints were investigated. Distribution of adhesive layer thickness after riveting was analyzed, and shear tests were carried out. Results showed that the failure of bond-riveted joints was divided into adhesive failure and riveting failure. Bond-riveted joints had considerable shear strengths

In this work, a thermoplastic adhesive used by automotive industries for bonding plastic components has been modified with iron oxide nanoparticles to ease the dismounting process. Two different processes have been considered for the joint dismounting, namely the already studied electromagnetic induction and an innovative microwave heating process. Besides the mentioned heating activation process,

In this work, the use of pultruded GFRP web stiffeners to enhance the flange local buckling behavior of pultruded GFRP open-section beams was proposed and demonstrated through a numerical study. The buckling strength of the GFRP I-beam was successfully increased by up to 207% via this approach. The influences of the stiffener geometry and spacing were investigated. The buckling strength of the GFRP

A unified formulation for plate bending problems is developed within the modified couple stress theory of elasticity with incorporating the deformation assumptions of three plate bending theories, such as the Kirchhoff-Love theory, 1st and 3rd order shear deformation plate theories. The microscopic structure of material is reflected in this higher-grade continuum theory via one material coefficient

A novel mixed finite element formulation for the layerwise analysis of nonlocal multilayered composite plates is presented. The finite elements are formulated starting from the weak form of a set of governing equations for the laminate layers that were deduced via the Reissner Mixed Variational Theorem. The primary variables, namely displacements and out-of-plane stresses, are expressed at layer level

Following a comprehensive literature survey, this paper will first address the theoretical underpinnings of stochastic modeling. An algorithm to model arch dam inhomogeneity in terms of characteristic length is presented next and is applied to assess the impact of concrete's elastic modulus and volumetric AAR expansion. Results are contrasted with both a single deterministic analysis, and a series

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) concrete has attracted world-wide attention as a newly promising low-carbon concrete. In this study, long-term reinforcement corrosion in LC3 concrete was investigated. Both chloride and carbonation-induced reinforcing bar corrosion were examined. Open circuit corrosion potential, polarization resistance, Tafel constants were monitored at regular intervals up to

Previous experiments on the mechanics of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites report their mechanical properties far below theoretical predictions. A critical factor in this regard is the nature and strength of nanofiller/matrix interfacial bonding. Herein, beneficial effects of chemical functionalization on the interfacial mechanical properties of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites are investigated

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting uses additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate 3D structures consisting of heterogenous selections of living cells, biomaterials, and active biomolecules [1,2] [...]

We propose and demonstrate an unconventional method suitable for releasing microelectromechanical systems devices containing an Al layer by wet etching using SiO2 as a sacrificial layer. We used 48% HF solution in combination with 20% oleum to keep the HF solution water-free and thus to prevent attack of the Al layer, achieving an outstanding etch rate of thermally grown SiO2 of ≈1 µm·min−1. We also

Nanoscale metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) with only one defect at the interface can potentially become a single electron turnstile linking frequency and electronic charge to realize the elusive quantized current source. Charge pumping is often described as a process that ‘pumps’ one charge per driving period per defect. The precision needed to utilize this charge pumping

Contemporary regenerative therapies have introduced stem-like cells to replace damaged neurons in the visual system by recapitulating critical processes of eye development. The collective migration of neural stem cells is fundamental to retinogenesis and has been exceptionally well-studied using the fruit fly model of Drosophila Melanogaster. However, the migratory behavior of its retinal neuroblasts

A magnetron sputtered AlN buffer layer is applied for preparing 2 inch free-standing (FS) GaN on the GaAs substrate by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). The AlN buffer layer with excellent compactness can prevent As atoms from diffusing to the GaN growth surface. Thus it serves as an effective protective layer for GaAs substrate and also a seed layer for the deposition of GaN in the early stage of

Hardmetals intended to perform in harsh operating conditions are developed with the use of metallic powders, in particular, tungsten powders. The growing consumption of tungsten in industry necessitates the improvement of techniques employed to produce it from industrial waste. The objective of this research effort was to reduce metallic tungsten (as a powder) from chloride and chloride–fluoride melts

The paper examines the abrasive wear rate of samples produced by vacuum impregnation of ultrafine diamond (ASM 1/0) and molybdenum powders with tin bronze. The tests were performed using a SiC-based abrasive wheel in the presence of cooling water. The introduction of and increase in the ultrafine diamond powder in the samples substantially decrease their wear rate (by a factor of 78). The hardness

Valerii Skorokhod’s published papers focusing on experimental and theoretical studies of fine powder sintering are analyzed. The application of Skorokhod’s rheological theory of sintering to analyze the sintering kinetics of fine tungsten powders is described. The history of discovering and explaining a fundamentally new phenomenon of locally nonuniform densification in the sintering of actual powder

Abstract The objects of the investigation are the powder of 12Kh18N10T stainless steel of the 20–63 μm powder and experimental samples formed based on it by selective laser melting (SLM). The powder was fabricated by argon atomization at a temperature of 1640°C and pressure of 27 bar. The particle structure is dendritic–cellular, and the cellular structure prevails with a decrease in the particle size

The formation of ceramics based on Bi1–xSrxFeO3–δ solid solutions produced by glycine-nitrate combustion was studied. The yield of target product was greatest for x = 0 – 0.5. The synthesis temperature range and start of grain sintering correlated with fusion of the surface phase. The sintering activation temperatures and thermal-expansion coefficients of the nanocrystalline ceramics were determined

The miniaturization, integration and portability of electronic products place higher requirements on the thermal conductivity of electronic packaging materials. In this paper, Bi2O3-ZnO- B2O3-SiO2 (BBSZ) glass is used as the glass phase, and Al2O3/AlN was used as the biphasic ceramic phase. Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) materials with high thermal conductivity were prepared by tape casting

To improve the current multi-phased white-LEDs, novel down-converted Dy3+ doped layered perovskite SrLaAlO4 nanophosphors emitting cool white light were successfully fabricated by urea assisted solution combustion approach. X-ray diffractometry and Rietveld refinement revealed the 14/mmm (139) space group of tetragonal phase in doped samples (SrLa(1-x)DyxAlO4 (x = 0.01–0.10)). Morphological studies

In this study, mechanical and nuclear radiation shielding behaviors of highly efficient alkaline phosphate glasses with various GeO2 concentrations were evaluated for their nuclear radiation shielding applications. Moreover, the glass rigidity parameters of alkaline phosphate glasses were calculated for determination mechanical properties. The μm values were calculated using XCOM program and MCNPX

The preparation, microstructure and mechanical properties of ZTA particles reinforced Fe matrix composites (ZTAP/Fe composites) were systematically investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to analyze the microstructure and phase constituents, the hardness (H), Young's modulus (E) and plasticity factor (δA) were determined

Mg0·8Cd0·2Fe1.9Ga0.1O4 ceramic ferrites were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method at 900, 915, 930 and 945 °C. Crystallization analysis indicated that the change in temperature resulted in obvious changes in the microstructure. SEM images indicated that the grain size increased from 0.8 to 1.8 μm. Elevated saturation magnetization (Ms ≈ 26 emu/g) and reduced coercivity (Hc ≈ 53 Oe) indicated

The porous lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) ceramics with controllable pore structure were fabricated by gel-casting method. The porosity, pore structure, compression strength, gas permeability, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the porous LAS ceramics with different monomer content were investigated. The sample with 5 wt.% monomer content has maximum value of compression (26.62 ± 0.54 MPa)

The nanopore size and roughness of nanoporous surface are two critical variables in determining stem cell fate, but little is known about the contribution from each cue individually. To address this gap, we use two-dimensional nanoporous membranes with controlled nanopore size and roughness to culture bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and study their behaviors such as attachment,

The immune system responds immediately to tissue trauma and to biomaterial implants under the participation of M1/M2 macrophages polarization. The surface properties of biomaterials can significantly influence the tissue repair progress through modulating the macrophage functions. In this study, the surface of poly(propylene fumarate) polyurethane films (PPFU) is grafted with a same density of enantiomeric

Degradation of plasma sprayed GdMA and YSZ coatings attacked by CMAS was comparatively investigated at 1350 °C for 1 h, 12 h and 48 h in air. Results show that GdMA coating exhibited much better CMAS attack resistance than the YSZ coating. Presences of Gd, Mg and Al elements facilitated formations of the Ca2Gd8(SiO4)6O2 apatite, MgAl2O4 spinel and CaAl2Si2O8 anorthite crystals effectively arresting

High energy ultraviolet (UV) and blue light (short wavelength) radiation is proved to be harmful to human eyes, skin, and biological genomes. However, developing effective shielding materials providing protect from short wavelength is still a great challenge. Here, Eu3+‐doped CsPbBr3 embedded in a transparent glass medium is proved to shield the short wavelength from 200 to 475 nm with high performance

Polymer‐derived‐ceramics (PDC) route has been widely used to fabricate various ceramics or ceramic‐matrix composites in recent years. However, the synthesis of high‐entropy ceramics via PDC route has rarely been reported until now. Herein, we successfully synthesized a class of high‐entropy carbides, namely (Hf0.25Nb0.25Zr0.25Ti0.25)C (HEC‐1), via PDC route. The polymer‐derived HEC‐1 ceramics consisted

Lanthanide oxides are ideal candidates as photothermal conversion agents owing to their larger photon energy and advantages in biomedical applications. However, the small absorption cross section of rare earth is not conducive of absorbing near infrared‐light, which will affect the photothermal conversion efficiency of lanthanide oxides. Herein, Au particles are successfully introduced into Sm2O3 to

In this study, different molar ratios of Nd:Ce were directly mixed with prepared pure Gd2Zr2O7 powders without space occupancy design. Samples were obtained by performing sparking plasma sintering (SPS) at 1750 ℃ for 5 min. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results show that maximum solid solubility of simulated radionuclides can reach 50 mol%. In addition, all samples with the maximum solid solubility have