Abstract

High performance polymer fibers, such as polyester, aliphatic and aromatic polyamides, are well established in several technical applications, including personal protection equipment, sport, automotive or aerospace. This is due to their excellent thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. In the emerging field of textile based high performance composites and intelligent textiles, polymer fibers are often utilized in hybrids, i.e., in combination with other materials such as polymer matrices or metal coatings. In such cases, the step of activating or functionalizing the fibers is essential to enhance interface strength in the hybrid systems.

This review provides a broad overview on recently applied activation and functionalization techniques on high performance polymer fibers including wet chemical and physicochemical treatments (e.g., hydrolysis, oxidation, complexation, deposition, flame, plasma treatment). The main objective is to review possible modification mechanisms, elaborate the effect of the modification on the fiber properties, and address possible applications of these techniques. The review also includes a comparison of the different techniques, thereby providing a better understanding of their potentials and restrictions. While the techniques differ in terms of versatility, handling, and environmental impact they all can, given the right choice of process parameters, provide well-defined fiber surface properties for the intended application.

摘要

高性能聚合物纤维，如聚酯、脂肪族和芳香族聚酰胺，在多种技术应用中得到了广泛应用，包括个人防护设备、运动、汽车或航空航天。这是由于它们出色的热、机械和化学性能。在基于纺织品的高性能复合材料和智能纺织品的新兴领域中，聚合物纤维通常用于混合，即与聚合物基体或金属涂层等其他材料结合使用。在这种情况下，激活或功能化纤维的步骤对于增强混合系统中的界面强度至关重要。

这篇综述对最近在高性能聚合物纤维上应用的活化和功能化技术进行了广泛的概述，包括湿化学和物理化学处理（例如水解、氧化、络合、沉积、火焰、等离子体处理）。主要目的是审查可能的修改机制，详细说明修改对纤维性能的影响，并解决这些技术的可能应用。审查还包括对不同技术的比较，从而更好地了解它们的潜力和限制。虽然这些技术在多功能性、处理和环境影响方面有所不同，但只要选择正确的工艺参数，它们都可以为预期应用提供明确定义的纤维表面特性。