Bacterial contamination exists in all links of the food industry chain, and bacterial infections in clinical treatment have become a major problem in the field of global public health. Conventional detection methods cannot be further applied due to limitations imposed by natural enzymes, including the expensive cost of manufacturing, low catalytic performance, and intolerance to harsh conditions. Treatment tactics for bacterial infections usually rely on antibiotics, which can lead to the generation of bacterial resistance and further complicate the cure. Thus, it is critical to develop alternatives to natural enzymes and antibiotics to open up new signal transduction tags and antimicrobial strategies in the face of increasingly abominable bacterial contamination and drug resistance. Taking inspiration from the elements of the metal active center shown in natural enzymes, metal-based nanozymes exhibit several superior properties compared to natural enzymes. These properties include simple synthesis, easy adjustment of size, composition, and morphology, splendid biocatalytic performance, and excellent stability. More significantly, metal-based nanozymes exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial ability without bacterial resistance. Hence, the design of metal-based nanozymes furnishes more options for the development of various bacterial biosensors and antimicrobial tactics. In this review, the classification of metal-based nanozymes, possible catalytic mechanisms, factors affecting enzyme-mimicking activity, biosensing applications of pathogenic bacteria, antibacterial activities, and eradication of biofilms are detailedly introduced and debated. The challenges and prospects of metal-based nanozymes in the field of bacterial prevention and control are generalized. It is anticipated that this review will provide fresh insights into the development of metal-based nanozymes as a comprehensive detection and disinfection method and contribute characteristic ideas to the design of future antibacterial agents for clinical applications.

中文翻译：

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具有类酶特性的金属基纳米材料用于细菌快速检测和控制

细菌污染存在于食品产业链的各个环节，临床治疗中的细菌感染已成为全球公共卫生领域的重大问题。由于天然酶的限制，包括昂贵的制造成本、低催化性能和不耐受恶劣条件，传统的检测方法无法进一步应用。细菌感染的治疗策略通常依赖抗生素，这可能导致细菌耐药性的产生，并使治疗进一步复杂化。因此，面对日益严重的细菌污染和耐药性，开发天然酶和抗生素的替代品以开辟新的信号转导标签和抗菌策略至关重要。受天然酶中金属活性中心元素的启发，金属纳米酶与天然酶相比表现出多种优越的特性。这些特性包括合成简单、易于调整尺寸、组成和形貌、出色的生物催化性能和优异的稳定性。更重要的是，金属基纳米酶表现出广谱抗菌能力，且不产生细菌耐药性。因此，金属基纳米酶的设计为各种细菌生物传感器和抗菌策略的开发提供了更多选择。在这篇综述中，详细介绍和讨论了金属基纳米酶的分类、可能的催化机制、影响酶模拟活性的因素、病原菌的生物传感应用、抗菌活性和生物膜的消除。概括了金属基纳米酶在细菌防治领域的挑战和前景。预计本次综述将为金属基纳米酶作为综合检测和消毒方法的发展提供新的见解，并为未来临床应用抗菌剂的设计提供特色思路。