The production of hydrogen through water electrolysis has garnered significant interest and extensive research as a sustainable and environmentally friendly method. However, the process of water splitting is thermodynamically unfavorable, and the slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with four-electron transfer significantly hinders overall efficiency. In order to overcome this limitation, researchers have conducted comprehensive analyses of the OER mechanism and have made remarkable progress on the development of superior catalysts. However, the reaction rate of OER remains limited due to the significant theoretical overpotential. Consequently, an alternative approach involving the substitution of OER with other low-energy anodic reactions has emerged as a promising avenue for reducing the potential required for hydrogen production and overall energy consumption. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the advancements in hybrid water electrolysis as well as analyze the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of prevalent small molecule oxidation methods, with a particular focus on catalyst design and modification mechanisms. Additionally, strategies for enhancing high current performance are discussed. This review concludes by addressing the challenges and future prospects of hybrid water electrolysis, offering guidance for the systematic development of catalysts with enhanced efficiency.

中文翻译：

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氢气生产与替代氧化反应的最新进展

通过水电解生产氢气作为一种可持续且环保的方法引起了人们的极大兴趣和广泛的研究。然而，水分解过程在热力学上是不利的，并且具有四电子转移的缓慢析氧反应（OER）显着阻碍了整体效率。为了克服这一限制，研究人员对OER机理进行了全面分析，并在开发优质催化剂方面取得了显着进展。然而，由于显着的理论超电势，OER 的反应速率仍然受到限制。因此，一种用其他低能量阳极反应替代 OER 的替代方法已成为降低氢气生产和总体能源消耗所需潜力的有前途的途径。本综述旨在全面总结混合水电解的进展，并分析常用小分子氧化方法的特点、优缺点，特别关注催化剂设计和改性机制。此外，还讨论了增强高电流性能的策略。本综述最后讨论了混合水电解的挑战和未来前景，为提高效率的催化剂的系统开发提供指导。