Jen Lewendon’s move from the United Kingdom for a postdoc restricted her travel and led to extended stints in quarantine. Here’s what the experience taught her.

Psychother Psychosom

Only a small minority of people with substance use disorders (SUDs) receive treatment. A focus on abstinence is pervasive in SUD treatment, defining success in both research and practice, and punitive measures are often imposed on those who do not abstain. Most adults with SUD do not seek treatment because they do not wish to stop using substances, though many also recognize a need for help. This narrative

Attachment theory provides a useful framework for understanding emotional reactions to separation and loss and the process of adapting to these painful events. In this paper, we review adult attachment studies that have examined emotional reactions and adjustment to separation and loss in romantic and marital relationships. We begin with a brief account of attachment theory. Next, we review studies

Impulsive and risky decision-making peaks in adolescence, and is consistently associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), regardless of age. In this brief review, we demonstrate the similarity of theoretical models explaining impulsive and risky decision-making that originate in two relatively distinct literatures (i.e. on adolescence and on ADHD)

Scientists are racing to gauge the threat posed by a heavily mutated variant spreading across South Africa

Despite the vast resources aimed at finding ways to detect the disease early, more needs to be done.

Nature highlights three key infographics from the week in science and research.

Confocal microscopy1 remains a major workhorse in biomedical optical microscopy owing to its reliability and flexibility in imaging various samples, but suffers from substantial point spread function anisotropy, diffraction-limited resolution, depth-dependent degradation in scattering samples and volumetric bleaching2. Here we address these problems, enhancing confocal microscopy performance from the

An analysis showing that the National Health and Medical Research Council awards fewer ‘investigator grants’ to women prompts thousands to sign a petition calling for gender quotas.

Oncologists are grappling with predicting—and mitigating—the effects of the pandemic.

Colorectal cancer rates in younger adults are climbing. The race is on to figure out why.

A missed connection.

Eliminating disparities in routine examinations will require outreach, availability and cultural consideration.

Health-care leaders in the United States warn about the consequences of Thanksgiving-holiday travel and social mixing. Plus, the physics of snapping your fingers, and how one university is tackling research integrity.

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Inflammation is an integral part of animal biology. It provides critical protection from adverse environmental factors by enforcing the defense of homeostasis and the functional and structural integrity of tissues and organs. Recent advances have uncovered a broad range of biological processes that involve inflammatory control, calling for a renewed framework of inflammation beyond its classical roles

Disease and accompanying inflammation are uncommon outcomes of viral infection in humans. Clinical inflammation occurs if steady-state cell-intrinsic and leukocytic immunity to viruses fails. Inflammation attests to the attempts of newly recruited and activated leukocytes to resolve infection in the blood or tissues. In the confusing battle between a myriad of viruses and cells, studies of human genetics

The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, and responding to signals derived from the internal and external environment. At the interface of this sensory function, immune cells in the intestines and brain consistently survey environmental factors, eliciting responses that inform on the physiological state of the body. Recent research

Inflammatory processes that recruit leukocytes to injured or infected tissues are crucial for tissue repair and the elimination of pathogens. However, excessive or chronic inflammation promotes tissue damage and disease, as in arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and COVID-19. Intracellular constituents released from dying cells are among the stimuli that trigger proinflammatory

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The diversity of flying animals suggests that countless combinations of flight morphologies and behaviors have evolved with specific lifestyles, thereby exploiting diverse aerodynamic mechanisms. How morphology, flight behavior, and aerodynamic properties together diversify with contrasting ecology remains to be elucidated. We studied the adaptive codivergence in wing shape, flight behavior, and aerodynamic

The roaming chemical reaction mechanism involves near-dissociation of an energized molecule to radicals that leads instead to intramolecular reaction after reorientation at long range. Surprisingly, no clear quantum signatures of roaming have been observed to date, despite the quantum nature of the roaming event. We found evidence of quantum dynamics in the photodissociation of formaldehyde near the

Moiré superlattices of twisted nonmagnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials are highly controllable platforms for the engineering of exotic correlated and topological states. Here, we report emerging magnetic textures in small-angle twisted 2D magnet chromium triiodide (CrI3). Using single-spin quantum magnetometry, we directly visualized nanoscale magnetic domains and periodic patterns, a signature

Fire activity varies substantially at global scales because of the influence of climate, but at broad spatiotemporal scales, the possible effects of herbivory on fire activity are unknown. Here, we used late Quaternary large-bodied herbivore extinctions as a global exclusion experiment to examine the responses of grassy ecosystem paleofire activity (through charcoal proxies) to continental differences

Although machine learning bears enormous potential to accelerate developments in homogeneous catalysis, the frequent need for extensive experimental data can be a bottleneck for implementation. Here, we report an unsupervised machine learning workflow that uses only five experimental data points. It makes use of generalized parameter databases that are complemented with problem-specific in silico data

Immune and tissue stem cells retain an epigenetic memory of inflammation that intensifies sensitivity to future encounters. We investigated whether and to what consequence stem cells possess and accumulate memories of diverse experiences. Monitoring a choreographed response to wounds, we found that as hair follicle stem cells leave their niche, migrate to repair damaged epidermis, and take up long-term

Humans differ in their susceptibility to infectious disease, partly owing to variation in the immune response after infection. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to quantify variation in the response to influenza infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from European- and African-ancestry males. Genetic ancestry effects are common but highly cell type specific. Higher levels of European ancestry

During eukaryotic transcription elongation, RNA polymerase II (RNAP2) is regulated by a chorus of factors. Here, we identified a common binary interaction module consisting of TFIIS N-terminal domains (TNDs) and natively unstructured TND-interacting motifs (TIMs). This module was conserved among the elongation machinery and linked complexes including transcription factor TFIIS, Mediator, super elongation

Controlling interactions is the key element for the quantum engineering of many-body systems. Using time-periodic driving, a naturally given many-body Hamiltonian of a closed quantum system can be transformed into an effective target Hamiltonian that exhibits vastly different dynamics. We demonstrate such Floquet engineering with a system of spins represented by Rydberg states in an ultracold atomic

Is it possible to reduce crime without exacerbating adversarial relationships between police and citizens? Community policing is a celebrated reform with that aim, which is now adopted on six continents. However, the evidence base is limited, studying reform components in isolation in a limited set of countries, and remaining largely silent on citizen-police trust. We designed six field experiments

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Recognition of the intron branch site (BS) by the U2 snRNP is a critical event during spliceosome assembly. In mammals, BS sequences are poorly conserved and unambiguous intron recognition cannot be achieved solely via a base-pairing mechanism. We isolated human 17S U2 snRNP and reconstituted in vitro its ATP-dependent remodeling and binding to the pre-mRNA substrate. We determined a series of high-resolution

The performance of three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be enhanced by surface treatment with 2D layered perovskites that have efficient charge transport. We maximized hole transport across the layers of a metastable Dion-Jacobson (DJ) 2D perovskite that tuned the orientational arrangements of asymmetric bulky organic molecules. The reduced energy barrier

Fossil fuel-based development has resulted in climate change and biodiversity loss, threatening the ability of the biosphere to sustain civilization. However, despite the transformative change needed to address climate change, the complexity inherent in dynamic, coupled social-ecological systems can create challenges that stifle mitigation and adaptation efforts. For example, increasing urbanization