Evidence-based psychological treatments for anxiety and depression are widely used, yet roughly half of those treated do not respond. Treatment response prediction could help to optimize patient outcomes and use of clinical resources. However, existing longitudinal studies with potentially valuable predictors are unlikely to include comprehensive, prospective measures of symptoms throughout therapy

When using the experience sampling method (ESM), researchers must navigate a delicate balance between obtaining fine-grained snapshots of phenomena of interest and avoiding undue respondent burden, which can lead to disengagement and compromise data quality. To guide that process, we investigated how questionnaire length and sampling frequency impact careless and insufficient effort responding (C/IER)

The Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) is a widely used interview measure of adolescent major depression (major depressive disorder), with sum scores and their changes over time interpreted as changes in one underlying construct. This interpretation assumes that the CDRS-R measures a single construct of depression (unidimensionality) in the same way across time (longitudinal invariance)-assumptions

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects over 300 million people globally. The etiology of MDD is linked to circadian rhythm disruption, including the diurnal pattern of mood, cognition, and physiological processes. The revised Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRhI-r) was developed to assess self-perceived rhythmicity of symptoms and has previously been tested in nonclinical populations. This study evaluates

Differences in adolescent temperament are associated with innumerable psychological outcomes in the developmental literature and can help link adult personality-based nosology to earlier development. The Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised is one important measure of adolescent temperament designed to capture constructs within the influential Rothbart temperament model. Yet conflicting

Fear and avoidance remain important concepts for understanding chronic pain. The objective of our research was to develop and evaluate a Polish version of a measure to assess these concepts: the 20-item Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS-20). The goal also included establishing a cutoff score to differentiate between individuals with a high level of pain-related disability and those with lower levels

Insight into predictors of functioning after treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited, despite growing recognition that more focus on other aspects of recovery, especially psychosocial functioning, is warranted. The present study explored the utility of a widely used omnibus assessment instrument, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)

The large impact and sequelae of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) place the development of accurate assessment tools a top priority. The latest version of the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) is commonly administered in conjunction with the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5) to categorize a person as having or not having PTSD. Despite this being a common approach, researchers have yet to investigate to what degree

Moral injury (MI), characterized by distress stemming from exposure to events that transgress one's moral beliefs, has gained prominence as a focal point of study in military and Veteran populations. In recent years, researchers and clinicians have acknowledged that MI carries substantial significance within health care settings. However, existing measures of MI may not adequately address the experiences

Computational psychiatry aims to quantify individual patients' psychiatric pathology by measuring behavior during psychophysical tasks and characterizing the neurocomputational parameters underlying specific decision-making systems. While this approach has great potential for informing us about specific computational processes associated with psychopathology, the fundamental psychometric properties

One of the largest challenges in intensive longitudinal monitoring studies (e.g., ecological momentary assessment [EMA]) that include repeated assessments of constructs of interest is getting participants to complete the surveys they are sent. The goal of this study was to test a simple gamification method called "The Emoji Game" that was designed to increase adherence with EMA surveys (i.e., compliance

The optimal classification of mania symptoms within dimensional models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology remains unclear, although progress has been made recently. We extend dimensional classification research by assessing mania and other domains at the symptom level using a longitudinal, daily diary design (7-day period). Participants (N = 230; 1,243 total surveys) were adults recruited

Antisocial attitudes and associates are central constructs related to antisocial and criminal behavior. The self-report Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) has grown in application within the literature over the past 2 decades. However, tests of the MCAA's factor structure can best be described as preliminary, and there has been no test of measurement invariance. For the present study

The Personality Assessment Inventory is a broadband self-report instrument of personality, psychopathology, and response style that is commonly used in Sexually Violent Predator evaluations. These evaluations typically involve assessment of personality pathology that is empirically associated with recidivism, such as psychopathic personality disorder. Over the past several years, researchers have developed

The term "diagnostic overshadowing" was coined in 1982 (Reiss et al., 1982) to refer to a phenomenon in which a diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) is so salient that it "overshadows" the presence of other mental health conditions, whose symptoms are falsely attributed to the ID. Much of the research on this topic was conducted more than 20 years ago using a singular methodology. The present

Eating disorders (EDs) are among the deadliest psychiatric disorders but are underdetected in health care settings, and the majority of people with these conditions do not get treatment for them. There is a need for well-validated and brief screening measures of EDs to aid in early detection and intervention. We compared the performance of two existing brief screeners in a sample of U.S. military veteran

The triarchic model posits that boldness, meanness, and disinhibition comprise psychopathy. Critics have questioned whether boldness is essential to psychopathy because boldness is minimally related to meanness and disinhibition and is associated with positive outcomes such as psychological health. The aim of the present study was to develop a Psychopathic Boldness Scale (PBS) that would be more closely

Gambling disorder (GD) is an officially recognized mental health disorder. However, its conceptualization and diagnostic criteria have changed substantially over the years due to new clinical and epidemiological research supporting its reconceptualization from an impulse control disorder to an addictive disorder. The evolving nature of GD led to changes in its diagnostic approach within the 11th revision

In the internet age, recruitment, participation, and compensation for survey research can occur remotely, away from a laboratory setting. Although this method of data collection offers notable benefits such as access to more diverse samples and lower study costs, it is possible that rates of inattentive or otherwise invalid response patterns are more common when survey completion occurs without any

Intensive longitudinal data (ILD) have become a popular data format to capture people's momentary affect in everyday life. Besides describing persons' average affect over time, ILD are also often used to describe affect dynamics-that is, how affect changes over time-such as intraindividual variability or moment-to-moment temporal dependencies. Given that ILD studies mostly use self-report rating data

Research suggests there are differences in children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms as a function of age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES). Males, Black children, and children experiencing lower SES have been rated as having more externalizing problems. Female and older children have been rated as having higher internalizing symptoms. The validity of these findings rests on the

The 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) is frequently used to screen adults for high autistic traits in clinical practice and research. For the past decade, however, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has recommended the use of a suboptimal ≥ 7 cutoff value, instead of the optimal ≥ 6 value specified during the AQ10's development. A comprehensive review into the use and reporting

In this Commentary article, we expand on issues in the theory of mind literature raised by Wendt et al. (2024) that limit progress in our understanding of how people read other minds. We critically assess how they categorized tasks in their study and, in so doing, raise deeper questions that need addressing: What exactly are mental states; how can we accurately measure mindreading when the "correct"

This reply to Conway et al. (2025) illustrates how points of contention in the evaluation of mindreading (or theory of mind) measures can arise from the use of divergent validity concepts. The construct validity model used in Wendt et al.'s (2024) empirical study contrasts with the perspective implicit in Conway and colleagues' commentary, which is more consistent with Lennon's (1956) content validity

Self-concept, which reflects individuals' overarching views of themselves and their qualities, has been implicated in the development of depression. Studying developmental and sex differences in self-concept between middle childhood and mid-adolescence may speak to the processes by which early self-concept contributes to later depression risk; however, such an understanding requires valid assessment

Sexual sadism has long been of interest to scholars and clinicians in psychology, and most research on sexual sadism has focused on forensic samples. However, recently, research has uncovered the existence of sexual sadism in general populations. Measures designed to assess sexual sadism in the general population are lacking. To address this gap, we created the Index of Consensual Sexual Sadism (ICSS)