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Investigating the impact of structural racism explanations for discriminatory behavior on judgments of the perpetrator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Jaclyn A Lisnek,Jazmin L Brown-Iannuzzi,Gabrielle S Adams
Structural racism has become a household term used in the media and in everyday conversations around diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. Despite increased discussion of structural racism, people often struggle to understand how structural racism is perpetuated by individuals. We integrate research on moral psychology, social cognition, and intergroup relations to investigate whether structural
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Linking person-specific network parameters to between-person trait change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Adam T Nissen,Emorie D Beck
Typical nomothetic, dimensional conceptualizations of personality traits have demonstrated that traits show robust patterns of change across the lifespan. Yet, questions linger about both the mechanisms underlying trait change and the extent to which we can understand any individual using only dimensional approaches. Alternatively, a person-specific conceptualization of personality that emphasizes
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The preeminence of communality in the leadership preferences of followers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-02-03 Rebecca Ponce de Leon,Erica R Bailey
Widespread narratives about leadership often emphasize the importance of exhibiting agentic traits like assertiveness, ambition, and confidence. Counter to this perspective, the present research suggests that when evaluating leaders, followers especially value communal traits, such as honesty, open-mindedness, and compassion-even at the expense of agentic traits. Eight preregistered studies (N = 3
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Failing to express emotion on 911 calls triggers suspicion through violating expectations and moral typecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-02-03 Jessica M Salerno,Samantha R Bean,Nicholas D Duran,Alia N Wulff,Isabelle Reeder,Saul M Kassin
Coming to suspect that someone has engaged in wrongdoing based on their unexpected behavior is a common phenomenon-yet, little is known about what triggers initial suspicion. We investigated how violating expectations for high emotionality during a traumatic event can trigger suspicion that one has engaged in immoral-or even criminal-activity through moral typecasting. Five studies demonstrate this
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Being in the minority boosts in-group love:Explanations and boundary conditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-20 Roman Angel Gallardo,Austin Smith,Uri Zak,Darinel Lopez,Erika Kirgios,Alex Koch
People appreciate members of their in-group, and they cooperate with them-tendencies we refer to as in-group love. Being a member of a minority (vs. majority) is a common experience that varies both between groups in a context and within a group between contexts, but how does it affect in-group love? Across six studies, we examined when and why being in the minority boosts in-group love. In Study 1
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Cheat, cheat, repeat: On the consistency of dishonest behavior in structurally comparable situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-20 Isabel Thielmann,Benjamin E Hilbig,Christoph Schild,Daniel W Heck
A fundamental assumption about human behavior forming the backbone of trait theories is that, to some extent, individuals behave consistently across structurally comparable situations. However, especially for unethical behavior, the consistency assumption has been severely questioned, at least from the early 19th century onward. We provide a strict test of the consistency assumption for a prominent
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Associations of personality trait level and change with mortality risk in 11 longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Emily C Willroth,Emorie Beck,Tomiko B Yoneda,Christopher R Beam,Ian J Deary,Johanna Drewelies,Denis Gerstorf,Martijn Huisman,Mindy J Katz,Richard B Lipton,Graciela Muniz Tererra,Nancy L Pedersen,Chandra A Reynolds,Avron Spiro,Nicholas A Turiano,Sherry Willis,Daniel K Mroczek,Eileen K Graham
People who are higher in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness and lower in neuroticism tend to live longer. The present research tested the hypothesis that personality trait change in middle and older adulthood would also be associated with mortality risk, above and beyond personality trait level. Personality trait change may causally influence mortality risk through corresponding changes
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Patterns in affect and personality states across the menstrual cycle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Julia Stern,Peter Koval,Khandis Blake
Affective, behavioral, and cognitive (i.e., personality) states fluctuate across situations and context, yet the biological mechanisms regulating them remain unclear. Here, we report two large, longitudinal studies that investigate patterns of change in personality states and affect as a function of the menstrual cycle, ovarian hormones, and hormonal contraceptive use. Study 1 (N = 757) is an online
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Active during childhood: Undercontrolled or extraverted in late adolescence? A longitudinal study distinguishing different conceptions of childhood activity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Silje Baardstu,Evalill B Karevold,Oliver P John,Filip De Fruyt,Tilmann von Soest
The role of childhood activity level in personality development is still poorly understood. Using data from a prospective study following 939 children from age 1.5 to 16.5 years, this study examined whether prospective associations of childhood activity with subsequent personality ratings in adolescence differ across two conceptualizations of childhood activity: energetic activity (defined by energy
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Are women really (not) more talkative than men? A registered report of binary gender similarities/differences in daily word use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Colin A Tidwell,Alexander F Danvers,Valeria A Pfeifer,Danielle B Abel,Eva Alisic,Andrew Beer,Sabrina J Bierstetel,Kathryn L Bollich-Ziegler,Michelle Bruni,William R Calabrese,Christine Chiarello,Burcu Demiray,Sona Dimidjian,Karen L Fingerman,Maximilian Haas,Deanna M Kaplan,Yijung K Kim,Goran Knezevic,Ljiljana B Lazarevic,Minxia Luo,Alessandra Macbeth,Joseph H Manson,Jennifer S Mascaro,Christina Metcalf
Women are widely assumed to be more talkative than men. Challenging this assumption, Mehl et al. (2007) provided empirical evidence that men and women do not differ significantly in their daily word use, speaking about 16,000 words per day (WPD) each. However, concerns were raised that their sample was too small to yield generalizable estimates and too age and context homogeneous to permit inferences
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Stereotypes and social decisions: The interpersonal consequences of socioeconomic status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Bradley T Hughes,Rachel Jacobson,Nicholas O Rule,Sanjay Srivastava
Perceptions of socioeconomic status (SES) can perpetuate inequality by influencing interpersonal interactions in ways that disadvantage people with low SES. Indeed, lab studies have provided evidence that people can detect others' SES and that they may use this information to apply stereotypes that influence interpersonal decisions. Here, we examine how SES and SES-based stereotypes affect real-world
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Feedback receptivity from people in power reduces gender, sexual orientation, and disability bias concerns. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Ella J Lombard,Katherine Weltzien,Linh N H Pham,Sapna Cheryan
Seven preregistered studies (total N = 2,443) demonstrate that feedback receptivity of people in power, or their openness to feedback, reduces bias concerns among members of marginalized groups (marginalized group meta-analytic dz = 0.53; nonmarginalized group meta-analytic dz = 0.10). Study 1 finds that the extent to which engineering students and staff perceive their faculty advisors as receptive
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The dynamics of self-esteem and depressive symptoms across days, months, and years. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 Peter Haehner,Charles C Driver,Christopher J Hopwood,Maike Luhmann,Karla Fliedner,Wiebke Bleidorn
Self-esteem and depressive symptoms are important predictors of a range of societally relevant outcomes and are theorized to influence each other reciprocally over time. However, existing research offers only a limited understanding of how their dynamics unfold across different timescales. Using three data sets with different temporal resolutions, we aimed to advance our understanding of the temporal
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The role of awareness and demand in evaluative learning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-06 Pieter Van Dessel,Sean Hughes,Marco Perugini,Colin Tucker Smith,Zhe-Fei Mao,Jan De Houwer
Human likes and dislikes can be established or changed in numerous ways. Three of the most well-studied procedures involve exposing people to regularities in the environment (evaluative conditioning, approach-avoidance, mere exposure), to verbal information about upcoming regularities (evaluative conditioning, approach-avoidance, or mere exposure information), or to verbal information about the evaluative
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A glass half full of money: Dispositional optimism and wealth accumulation across the income spectrum. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Joe J Gladstone,Justin Pomerance
What drives some people to save more effectively for their future than others? This multistudy investigation (N = 143,461) explores how dispositional optimism-the generalized tendency to hold positive expectations about the future-shapes individuals' financial decisions and outcomes. Leveraging both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs across several countries, our findings reveal that optimism
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Learning too much from too little: False face stereotypes emerge from a few exemplars and persist via insufficient sampling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Xuechunzi Bai,Stefan Uddenberg,Brandon P Labbree,Alexander Todorov
Face stereotypes are prevalent, consequential, yet oftentimes inaccurate. How do false first impressions arise and persist despite counter-evidence? Building on the overgeneralization hypothesis, we propose a domain-general cognitive mechanism: insufficient statistical learning, or Insta-learn. This mechanism posits that humans are quick statistical learners but insufficient samplers. Humans extract
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When lack of control leads to uncertainty: Explaining the effect of anomie on support for authoritarianism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Jasper Neerdaels,Ali Teymoori,Christian Tröster,Niels Van Quaquebeke
Studies have shown that anomie, that is, the perception that a society's leadership and social fabric are breaking down, is a central predictor of individuals' support for authoritarianism. However, causal evidence for this relationship is missing. Moreover, previous studies are ambiguous regarding the mediating mechanism and lack empirical tests for the same. Against this background, we derive a set
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Wishful perceiving: A value-based bias for perception of close others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Shir Ginosar Yaari,Dana Katsoty,Anat Bardi,Daniela Barni,Ewa Skimina,Jan Cieciuch,Jan-Erik Lönnqvist,Markku J Verkasalo,Ariel Knafo-Noam
Why do people not perceive their close others accurately, although they have ample information about them? We propose that one reason for such errors may be bias based on personal values. Personal values may serve as schemas defining what people see as positive, and thus affect perceptions of others' behavior, values, and traits. We propose that, in close relationships, people see others as sharing
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Attitude moralization in the context of collective action: How participation in collective action may foster moralization over time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-16 Ana Leal,Martijn van Zomeren,Roberto González,Ernestine Gordijn,Pia Carozzi,Michal Reifen-Tagar,Belén Álvarez,Cristián Frigolett,Eran Halperin
Although much is known about why people engage in collective action participation (e.g., politicized identity, group-based anger), little is known about the psychological consequences of such participation. For example, can participation in collective action facilitate attitude moralization (e.g., moralize their attitudes on the topic)? Based on the idea that collective action contexts often involve
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Prejudice and stereotypes at regional and individual levels: Related but distinct. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Jennifer Suliteanu,Eugene K Ofosu,Ana Paquin Domingues,Eric Hehman
Exploring how psychological constructs and their outcomes vary across geographic regions is a rapidly expanding area of research, yet fundamental questions remain. Can constructs designed to describe individual variation in attitudes be interpreted in the same way when aggregated to regional levels? To what extent are they related or distinct? We tested the relationship between individual and regional
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Meaning-making with romantic partners: Shared reality promotes meaning in life by reducing uncertainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 M Catalina Enestrom,Maya Rossignac-Milon,Amanda L Forest,John E Lydon
We propose that, although deeply personal, meaning is facilitated by interpersonal processes. Namely, we theorize that experiencing a sense of shared reality with a close partner (i.e., perceiving an overlap in inner states about the world in general) reduces uncertainty about one's environment, which in turn promotes meaning in work and life. In the current research, we test this hypothesis across
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Basic personality and actual criminal convictions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Martina Bader,Lau Lilleholt,Christoph Schild,Benjamin E Hilbig,Morten Moshagen,Ingo Zettler
Crime is an issue with severe consequences for individuals, economies, and society at large. Developing effective crime prevention strategies requires a clear understanding of who is likely to engage in crime and why. A promising approach in this regard likely is integrating established criminological theories with established models of basic personality structure. Correspondingly, the present investigation
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Ideas worth spreading? When, how, and for whom information load hurts online talks' popularity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 Amir Sepehri,Rod Duclos,Nasir Haghighi
What makes cultural products such as edutainment (i.e., online talks) successful versus not? Asked differently, which characteristics make certain addresses more (vs. less) appealing? Across 12 field and lab studies, we explore when, why, and for whom the information load carried in TED talks causes them to gain (vs. lose) popularity. First and foremost, we uncover a negative effect whereby increases
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Unlocking the bitter potential of nostalgia: Covariation between and causal effects of nostalgia on envy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 David B Newman,Paul K Lutz,Matthew E Sachs,John M Zelenski
Nostalgia is a sentimental longing for the past that is experienced across people from various cultures and across the lifespan. Though nostalgia has typically been conceptualized as a mixed emotion, prior research has primarily focused on positive effects. We hypothesized that nostalgia can additionally have certain negative effects. In particular, nostalgia shares certain features with envy, a negative
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The vicious cycle of status insecurity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-02 Maren Hoff,Derek D Rucker,Adam D Galinsky
The current research presents and tests a new model: The Vicious Cycle of Status Insecurity. We define status insecurity as doubting whether one is respected and admired by others. Status insecurity leads people to view status as a limited and zero-sum resource, where a boost in the status of one individual inherently decreases that of other individuals. As a result, the insecure become reluctant to
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Ignorance can be trustworthy: The effect of social self-awareness on trust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-02 Kristina A Wald,Shereen J Chaudhry
Much research has found self-awareness to be associated with positive qualities, but we explore cases in which self-awareness sends a negative signal to others. Specifically, we propose that when a target person appears to be high in social self-awareness-that is, the person seems to accurately know what others think of them-observers infer that the target's actions are more intentional because the
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A balanced mind: Awe fosters equanimity via temporal distancing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Xinyu Pan,Tonglin Jiang,Wenying Yuan,Chenxiao Hao,Yang Bai,Dacher Keltner
Awe has been shown to promote well-being through various mechanisms (see Monroy & Keltner, 2023). In this research, we propose a novel perspective for the well-being benefits of awe: Awe fosters equanimity-a balanced state of mind toward all experiences of any valence-and we document how this works, namely, through temporal distancing. Across seven studies, using a combination of experiments, big data
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Frontal alpha asymmetry as a marker of approach motivation? Insights from a cooperative forking path analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-21 Katharina Paul,André Beauducel,Jürgen Hennig,Johannes Hewig,Andrea Hildebrandt,Corinna Kührt,Leon Lange,Erik Malte Mueller,Roman Osinsky,Elisa Porth,Anja Riesel,Johannes Rodrigues,Christoph Scheffel,Cassie Ann Short,Jutta Stahl,Alexander Strobel,Jan Wacker
Frontal alpha asymmetry has been proposed as a ubiquitous marker of state and trait approach motivation, but recent meta-analyses found weak or nonexistent links with personality traits. It has been suggested that frontal asymmetry may show stronger individual differences in situations that elicit approach motivation (state-trait interaction). To investigate this with sufficient statistical power,
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Values and stress: Examining the relations between values and general and domain-specific stress in two longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-21 Jing Luo,Emily C Willroth
Stress experiences have been found to vary at both the interindividual and intraindividual levels. The present study investigated the concurrent and longitudinal associations between values and stress at both the between-person and the within-person levels. We considered multiple aspects of stress, including self-reported stressor exposure and perceived stress, as well as general and domain-specific
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Compassionate love and beneficence in the family. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-18 Beverley Fehr
Compassionate love, generally defined as giving oneself for the good of another, has been receiving increased attention, especially in the context of romantic relationships. The purpose of the present research was to examine compassionate love "where it begins," namely, in the family. Seven studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that compassionate love would be correlated with various kinds
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How people (fail to) control the influence of affective stimuli on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-18 Mandy Hütter,Steven Sweldens
People's attitudes toward almost any stimulus (e.g., brands, people, food items) can change in line with the valence of co-occurring stimuli (e.g., images, messages, other people), a phenomenon known as the evaluative conditioning (EC) effect. Recent research has shown that EC effects are not always controlled, which is problematic in many circumstances (e.g., advertising, misinformation). We examined
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Mutual cooperation gives you a stake in your partner's welfare, especially if they are irreplaceable. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-14 Aleta Pleasant,Pat Barclay
Why do we care so much for friends-much more than one might predict from reciprocity alone? According to a recent theory, organisms who cooperate with each other come to have a stake in each other's well-being: A good cooperator is worth protecting-even anonymously if necessary-so they can be available to cooperate in the future. Here, we present three experiments showing that reciprocity creates a
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Why is there no negativity bias in evaluative conditioning? A cognitive-ecological answer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-14 Lea M Sperlich,Christian Unkelbach
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is the change of a conditioned stimulus's evaluation due to its pairing with an unconditioned stimulus (US). While learning typically shows negativity biases, we found no such biases in a reanalysis of meta-analytic EC data. We provide and test a cognitive-ecological answer for this lack of negativity bias. We assume that negativity effects follow from ecological differences
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The ecology of relatedness: How living around family (or not) matters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-14 Oliver Sng,Minyoung Choi,Joshua M Ackerman
How does living in an environment with many or few family relatives shape our psychology? Here, we draw upon ideas from behavioral ecology to explore the psychological effects of ecological relatedness-the prevalence of family relatives in one's environment. We present six studies, both correlational and experimental, that examine this. In general, people and populations that live in ecologies with
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A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-14 Eliane Roy,Bastian Jaeger,Anthony M Evans,Kate M Turetsky,Brian A O'Shea,Michael Bang Petersen,Balbir Singh,Joshua Correll,Denise Yiran Zheng,Kirk Warren Brown,Erika L Kirgios,Linda W Chang,Edward H Chang,Jennifer R Steele,Julia Sebastien,Jennifer R Sedgewick,Amy Hackney,Rachel Cook,Xin Yang,Arin Korkmaz,Jessica J Sim,Nazia Khan,Maximilian A Primbs,Gijsbert Bijlstra,Ruddy Faure,Johan C Karremans,Luiza
Discrimination in the evaluation of others is a key cause of social inequality around the world. However, relatively little is known about psychological interventions that can be used to prevent biased evaluations. The limited evidence that exists on these strategies is spread across many methods and populations, making it difficult to generate reliable best practices that can be effective across contexts
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Network dynamics in subjective well-being and their differences across age groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-14 Bernd Schaefer,Peter Haehner,Maike Luhmann
Although the structure of subjective well-being (SWB) has been examined in various studies, no consensus on its structure has yet been reached. This may be due to a neglect of the construct's dynamic aspects and domain satisfaction as a core aspect of SWB. This article aimed to overcome existing research gaps by applying network modeling to longitudinal data of 32,700 adults (24-64 years old) from
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Moderators of test-retest reliability in implicit and explicit attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-14 Jordan Axt,Eliane Roy
A great deal of research in dual-process models has been devoted to highlighting differences in the structure and function of the implicit and explicit attitude constructs. However, the two forms of attitudes can also demonstrate important shared properties, and prior work suggests that one similarity may be in factors that determine measurement reliability. To better explore this issue, Study 1 analyzed
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Group information enhances recognition of both learned and unlearned face appearances. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-14 Maayan Trzewik,Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein,Galit Yovel,Nira Liberman
Are people better at recognizing individuals of more relevant groups, such as ingroup compared to outgroup members or high-status compared to low-status individuals? Previous studies that associated faces with group information found a robust effect of group on face recognition but only tested it using the same images presented during the learning phase. They therefore cannot tell whether group information
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Extended artificial intelligence aversion: People deny humanness to artificial intelligence users. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-11 Jianning Dang,Li Liu
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are often perceived as lacking humanlike qualities, leading to a preference for human experts over AI assistance. Extending prior research on AI aversion, the current research explores the potential aversion toward those using AI to seek advice. Through eight preregistered studies (total N = 2,317) across multiple AI use scenarios, we found that people denied humanness
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People update their injunctive norm and moral beliefs after receiving descriptive norm information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-11 Paul Deutchman,Gordon Kraft-Todd,Liane Young,Katherine McAuliffe
How do descriptive norms shape injunctive norm beliefs, and what does this tell us about the cognitive processes underlying social norm cognition? Across six studies (N = 2,671), we examined whether people update their injunctive norm beliefs-as well as their moral judgments and behavioral intentions-after receiving descriptive norm information about how common (or uncommon) a behavior is. Specifically
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Linking Big Five personality traits to components of diet: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-11 Mark S Allen,Mandira Mishra,Sarah M Tashjian,Sylvain Laborde
This research synthesis sought to determine the magnitude of associations between major personality dimensions and components of diet. A comprehensive literature search identified 49 articles (584 effect sizes; 151,750 participants) that met the inclusion criteria. Pooled mean effects were computed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis. Mean effect sizes from 98 separate meta-analyses
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The cross-cultural big two: A culturally decentered theoretical and measurement model for personality traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-07 Amber Gayle Thalmayer,Kendall A Mather,Gerard Saucier,Luzelle Naudé,Maria Florence,Tracey-Ann Adonis,Elizabeth N Shino,Stephen Asatsa,Alena Witzlack-Makarevich,Lea Z M Bächlin,David M Condon
A "big two" model has shown stronger cross-cultural replicability and links to theory than other contemporary models of personality trait structure. However, its theoretical and measurement models require better specification. We address this to create an initial English-language version of the Cross-Cultural Big Two Inventory with an empirically informed and culturally decentered approach, meaning
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Thinking in 3D: A multidimensional mapping of the effects of distance on abstraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Avi Gamoran,Britt Hadar,Michael Gilead
Despite a large body of research concerning the effects of psychological distance, our understanding about how different dimensions of distance interact and influence cognition is still limited. In this study, we moved beyond first-order approximations of the effects of psychological distance, to map the effects of multidimensional events as they appear in the world. We developed a novel experimental
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Of preferences and priors: Motivated reasoning in partisans' evaluations of scientific evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Jared B Celniker,Peter H Ditto
Despite decades of research, it has been difficult to resolve debates about the existence and nature of partisan bias-the tendency to evaluate information more positively when it supports, rather than challenges, one's political views. Whether partisans display partisan biases, and whether any such biases reflect motivated reasoning, remains contested. We conducted four studies (total N = 4,010) in
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A worldwide test of the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-31 Paul W Eastwick,Jehan Sparks,Eli J Finkel,Eva M Meza,Matúš Adamkovič,Peter Adu,Ting Ai,Aderonke A Akintola,Laith Al-Shawaf,Denisa Apriliawati,Patrícia Arriaga,Benjamin Aubert-Teillaud,Gabriel Baník,Krystian Barzykowski,Carlota Batres,Katherine J Baucom,Elizabeth Z Beaulieu,Maciej Behnke,Natalie Butcher,Deborah Y Charles,Jane Minyan Chen,Jeong Eun Cheon,Phakkanun Chittham,Patrycja Chwiłkowska,Chin Wen
Ideal partner preferences (i.e., ratings of the desirability of attributes like attractiveness or intelligence) are the source of numerous foundational findings in the interdisciplinary literature on human mating. Recently, research on the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching (i.e., Do people positively evaluate partners who match vs. mismatch their ideals?) has become mired in
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The directed nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-31 Oliver Sng,Minyoung Choi,Keelah E G Williams,Rebecca Neel
Stereotypes are strategically complex. We propose that people hold not just stereotypes about what groups are generally like (e.g., "men are competitive") but stereotypes about how groups behave toward specific groups (e.g., "men are competitive toward")-what we call directed stereotypes. Across studies, we find that perceivers indeed hold directed stereotypes. Four studies examine directed stereotypes
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Genetic and environmental contributions to adult attachment styles: Evidence from the Minnesota Twin Registry. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-31 Keely A Dugan,Jacob J Kunkel,R Chris Fraley,D A Briley,Matt McGue,Robert F Krueger,Glenn I Roisman
Attachment theory, as originally outlined by Bowlby (1973, 1980, 1969/1982), suggests that the ways people think, feel, and behave in close relationships are shaped by the dynamic interplay between their genes and their social environment. Research on adult attachment, however, has largely focused on the latter, providing only a partial picture of how attachment styles emerge and develop throughout
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Institutions and cooperation: A meta-analysis of structural features in social dilemmas. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-24 Shuxian Jin,Giuliana Spadaro,Daniel Balliet
Cooperation underlies the ability of groups to realize collective benefits (e.g., creation of public goods). Yet, cooperation can be difficult to achieve when people face situations with conflicting interests between what is best for individuals versus the collective (i.e., social dilemmas). To address this challenge, groups can implement rules about structural changes in a situation. But what institutional
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The bigger the problem the littler: When the scope of a problem makes it seem less dangerous. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-24 Lauren Eskreis-Winkler,Luiza Tanoue Troncoso Peres,Ayelet Fishbach
Across 15 studies (N = 2,636), people who considered the prevalence of a problem (e.g., 4.2 million people drive drunk each month) inferred it caused less harm, a phenomenon we dub the big problem paradox. People believed dire problems-ranging from poverty to drunk driving-were less problematic upon learning the number of people they affect (Studies 1-2). Prevalence information caused medical experts
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Socioeconomic status differences in agentic and communal self-concepts: Insights from 6 million people across 133 nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Lucia L-A Boileau,Jochen E Gebauer,Wiebke Bleidorn,P Jason Rentfrow,Jeff Potter,Samuel D Gosling
Do people of different socioeconomic status (SES) differ in how they see themselves on the Big Two self-concept dimensions of agency and communion? Existent research relevant to this theoretically and socially important question has generally been indirect: It has relied on distant proxies for agentic and communal self-concepts, narrow operationalizations of SES, comparatively small samples, and data
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Who feels they contribute to U.S. society? Helping behaviors and social class disparities in perceived contributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Ellen C Reinhart,Rebecca M Carey,Hazel Rose Markus
Americans in lower (vs. higher) social class contexts are less likely to believe they contribute to society. Helping others by giving one's time is an important way of contributing to others that also varies with social class. Five studies (N = 7,326) investigated whether one source of the social class disparity in perceived contributions is a default model that considers helping distant others (i
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Anxiety about the social consequences of missed group experiences intensifies fear of missing out (FOMO). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Jacqueline R Rifkin,Cindy Chan,Barbara E Kahn
Although fear of missing out (FOMO) has become a widely experienced phenomenon, the specific social situations and cognitions driving the FOMO experience have not yet been closely studied. Across seven experiments (N = 5,441), we find that FOMO occurs when people miss events involving valued social groups and is driven by the perception of missed bonding and concerns about how this may negatively affect
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Personality trait similarity in recently cohabiting couples: Partner choice, convergence, or selective breakup? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Manon A van Scheppingen,Gabriel Olaru,Thomas Leopold
Romantic partners tend to be more similar in self-reported personality traits than would be expected by chance. This similarity can be due to the choice of a similar partner, partners becoming more similar to each other over time, or dissimilar couples breaking up. To examine whether these processes (choice, convergence, or breakup) explain personality trait similarities in couples, we followed a sample
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Who flourishes in school? The interplay of academic self-concept and personality and its role for academic performance in middle adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Mieke Johannsen,Naemi D Brandt,Olaf Köller,Jenny Wagner
Why are some students more successful than others? We combined motivational and personality predictors and jointly examined the relevance of subject-specific academic self-concepts and Big Five personality traits for academic performance. Based on data from two independent studies of German 9th graders (Study 1: N = 1,508, Mage = 14.98 years, 51% female, 38% immigrant background; Study 2: N = 19,783
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Ecology stereotypes exist across societies and override race and family structure stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Oliver Sng,Keelah E G Williams,Saori Tsukamoto,Steven L Neuberg
Perceivers hold ecology stereotypes-beliefs about how the environments others live in shape their behavior. Drawing upon a life history perspective, we examine the stereotypes people hold about those who live in relatively harsh and unpredictable ecologies. First, across diverse demographic groups and societies (the United States, India, Japan, Romania, the United Kingdom), people believe that individuals
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The minority-groups homogeneity effect: Seeing members of different minority groups as more similar to each other than members of the majority. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-14 Stephanie J Tepper,Thomas Gilovich
The widely documented "outgroup homogeneity effect" refers to people's tendency to view members of groups to which they do not belong (outgroups) as more similar to one another than members of their own groups (ingroups). Here, we present evidence for a novel but related phenomenon: People tend to view members of different minority groups as collectively more similar to one another than members of
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Gentrification creates social class disparities in belonging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Rachel Song,Cynthia S Levine
Gentrification impacts nearly every major city in the United States, posing a potential threat to lower social class residents' sense of belonging in their neighborhoods. In one survey and three preregistered experiments, we investigated how gentrification affects the belonging of residents across the social class spectrum and how to invest in working-class neighborhoods without undermining lower social
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Narrative identity in context: How adults in Japan, Denmark, Israel, and the United States narrate difficult life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Ariana F Turner,Dorthe K Thomsen,Rivka Tuval-Mashiach,Anton Sevilla-Liu,Henry R Cowan,Stuart Sumner,Dan P McAdams
Integrating the selective reconstruction of the past with an imagined future, narrative identity is a person's internalized and evolving story of the self, functioning to provide life with some degree of meaning and purpose (McAdams & McLean, 2013). While narrative identity has been found to be associated with a range of psychological and social phenomena (e.g., Adler et al., 2015; McAdams & Guo, 2015)
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Are state-trait fit and state-situation fit relevant for within-person dynamics of personality states? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Sarah Kritzler,Kai T Horstmann,Martin Quintus,Boris Egloff,Cornelia Wrzus,Maike Luhmann
Fit hypotheses are a common theme in psychological theories. Various theoretical approaches postulate that fit is also relevant for the within-person dynamics of personality states. A better understanding of these dynamics is important to comprehend the functioning of personality and its relations to relevant life outcomes. Two forms of fit are relevant for personality states: personality states that
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Differences in natural standing posture are associated with antisocial and manipulative personality traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (IF 6.4) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Soren Wainio-Theberge,Jorge L Armony
In humans and animals, body posture is used in social and affective contexts to communicate social information, signal intentions, and prepare the individual for adaptive action. However, though stable individual differences in affect and social cognition are well studied, body posture continues to be typically studied in the context of state variation, and it remains unknown if trait-level differences