Zero-carbon buildings achieve energy self-sufficiency through renewable energy like wind and solar, but their power generation is intermittent, while electric vehicles (EVs) as flexible loads can compensate for this drawback. However, the current prevalence of uncoordinated EV charging loads poses significant challenges to grid stability, making the implementation of coordinated control strategies

Advances in battery and renewable energy technologies have increased the adoption of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS) in residential settings to reduce energy costs. This research aims to optimize energy utilization, enhance renewable integration, and reduce dependence on the main grid during peak hours by proposing a hybrid Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS)

The existence of spatial patterns in the adoption of small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is widely accepted in academic literature. The diffusion of these systems depends on the decisions of heterogenous units, often households, that form their decision based on unit characteristics and attitudes, the built environment, economic and physical factors, as well as peer effects. When including

Fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) in HVAC systems is critical for maintaining optimal indoor environmental quality and ensuring energy efficiency. Undetected faults in HVAC components can lead to increased energy consumption, occupant discomfort, and higher maintenance costs. Traditional FDD requires symptoms to appear during the normal operation of a building, which may require waiting for a considerable

The building sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and regulations are increasingly promoting the use of bio-based insulation materials to support decarbonization. After an interesting literature review, this study evaluates the potential of wheat straw as an insulation material for construction and renovation in France. It quantifies the amount of straw realistically available

As cities face climate change and urbanization challenges, cool façade systems like advanced coating materials and living green walls (LGWs) have become popular because of their potential to improve urban sustainability and the thermal performance of existing buildings. The cool facade systems aim to mitigate the urban heat island effect by reducing heat absorption, enhancing occupant thermal comfort

The indoor thermal environment plays a vital role in the psychological and physiological health of elderly individuals with dementia, particularly in the context of climate change. Due to impaired thermoregulation and cognitive confusion, the thermal responses of those with dementia remain poorly understood. This study aims to preliminarily explore the unique subjective, physiological, and behavioural

Commercial buildings in high-density urban regions, such as Hong Kong, account for 65 % of total electricity consumption, with 25 % attributed to cooling systems. Modern large-scale buildings deploy multiple-chiller plants to balance reliability and part-load efficiency. However, traditional rule-based control (RBC) strategies for chiller sequencing often fail to adapt to dynamic operating conditions

Building energy consumption is heavily influenced by occupant behavior, yet many heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems operate on static or pre-defined schedules that may not capture real-time occupancy dynamics. This study presents a novel comparative evaluation of vision-based deep learning methods, specifically YOLO, a single-shot detection model, and Faster R-CNN, a two-stage

The REcycled Stone and Concrete Unit (RESCIU) is an exemplary case study of load-bearing composite masonry units (cMU) based on a unique and registered design that involves sandwiching a 12 mm S-shaped biobased polyurethane foam (BPUF) between C-shaped recycled solid elements, one in Globigerina limestone and the other in concrete.

Personalized comfort systems compared to conventional whole-space heating/cooling can simultaneously target individual requirements and reduce the building energy consumption. Renewable wooden furniture in interior spaces can influence human emotional perception and even thermal exchange, while the impregnation of the phase-change materials (PCM) can further improve their thermal regulation characteristics

To meet the heat dissipation requirements of artificial ice rinks, this study systematically analyzed the heat dissipation characteristics of cooling pipes and anti - freezing pipes and their influencing factors through the coupling of numerical simulation, machine learning, and experiments. The results show that there is a linear negative correlation between the temperature of the cooling pipes and

This study examines the feasibility of integrating enhanced rooftop PV systems into low-cost building designs by optimizing roof pitch angles and employing two-sided gable PV module mounting. Computational modelling was used to evaluate the impact of roof pitch angles on PV potential and system performance. Key meteorological parameters at the location (6.52° latitude, 6.29972° longitude) include monthly

The building sector and the policies aimed at decarbonising its energy uses are expected to play a crucial role to achieve the climate targets. Attention has been arising on the capability of this sector to provide flexibility to the power grid through the implementation of Demand Response programmes via reversible heat pumps. In the present paper a detailed analysis of the flexibility induced on the

The design of the building envelope plays a crucial role in constructing energy-efficient buildings. However, for buildings made of materials with low thermal resistance and a low solar reflectance index, such as temporary housing, maintaining a comfortable indoor environment results in significant energy consumption for air conditioning. In this study, we proposed a cold ceiling by integrating the

The high thermal conductivity and low thermal mass of metal container houses result in significant heat penetration, increasing cooling demands and energy consumption. While conventional insulation, standalone radiative cooling coatings (RCC), and phase change materials (PCM) offer partial solutions, their effectiveness is limited across diverse climatic conditions of India. This study evaluates the

Improving the thermal performance of the building envelope by enhancing the thermal insulation has been acknowledged as a highly effective way to achieve energy efficiency in buildings. Aerogel-based materials are considered one of the most promising thermal insulation materials for building applications because of their ultra-low thermal conductivity. In this study, the hygrothermal properties of

This paper presents a novel methodology that combines Hybrid Rectangular Input-Output Life Cycle Analysis and energy simulation methods to comprehensively evaluate the energy, economic, environmental, and social benefits of Energy Efficiency (EE) solutions in residential buildings. Unlike conventional evaluations that focus primarily on operational energy savings, this approach examines 57,660 EE packages

Digital infrastructure is not only a key driver of change in the Internet and digital economy but also exerts a substantial influence on urbanization and energy efficiency. In this study, the phased implementation of the Broadband China Pilot Policy (BBCP) is treated as a quasi-natural experiment. Panel data from prefecture-level cities in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2014 to 2022 are used

A light shelf is a commonly used daylighting system that enhances indoor illumination. Recent studies have explored integrating solar panel (SP)s into light shelves to improve their energy efficiency. However, the daylighting performance of these systems has declined owing to the placement of SPs on the light shelf surface. This study presents an innovative light shelf system, with SPs positioned beneath

In the context of global warming, even relatively cooler countries like the UK are experiencing a rise in cooling demand, particularly in southern regions such as London. This growing demand, especially during the summer months, presents significant challenges for energy management systems. Accurately predicting cooling demand in urban domestic buildings is essential for maintaining energy efficiency

Due to insufficient technologies and backward economics, indoor environment of rural houses of northeast of China is extremely harsh. It is urgent to find sustainable and low-cost interventions according to local conditions. This paper attempted to clarify the complicated interactions among various heating scenario factors on indoor air pollution concentrations and indoor air temperature, so as to

In Switzerland, the residential sector accounts for approximately 34 % of total energy consumption. Understanding the energy consumption patterns of residential customers is crucial for developing effective energy efficiency strategies. Traditional methods for collecting energy consumption data rely on installing smart meters on individual appliances, which can be intrusive and expensive. Non-Intrusive

Vehicle‑to‑building (V2B) systems can harness the energy flexibility of electric vehicles (EVs). This study evaluates the energy flexibility of V2B in office complexes that share their charging infrastructure with nearby residential users during off-hours. First, EVs’ arrival and departure times, state-of-charge (SOC) upon arrival, and required SOC at departure are simulated based on probability distributions

The relationship between the urban tree canopy (UTC) and residential space-conditioning electricity use has been explored over the past decades, but depending on the methods and assumptions, there is a wide disparity in the estimated energy savings. Using a quasi-experimental research design, we combine aerial imagery of the UTC with high-frequency electricity consumption data for 1,968 houses in Ottawa

Building energy demand poses a critical global challenge, underscoring the necessity of accurate energy consumption forecasting to enhance energy efficiency. This study examines energy consumption in classrooms in an educational building in a warm tropical climate and evaluates three predictive approaches. The first approach employs machine learning models, utilizing internal and external climatic

This study investigates the thermal-moisture performance of the plinth–basement joint in buildings with unheated basements through steady-state numerical simulations using both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models. Eleven design variants were analyzed, differing of the thickness of the thermal insulation of the plinth zone and the length of its embedment in the ground. The simulations

The scope of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of cooling mitigation strategies on the outdoor microclimate of a neighborhood located in Naples (Italy). It is a historical district that runs along the Neapolitan waterfront and is affected by a summer overheating phenomenon, confirmed by registered temperatures higher than 35°C. The paper evaluates the cooling effect of cooling passive strategies

As climate change intensifies, residential energy consumption in Japan’s warm regions will shift significantly, requiring adaptive energy strategies. This study assesses heating/cooling energy demand in nine major cities under TMY conditions and SSP climate scenarios (2050, 2080) using a bottom-up approach. Results indicate a 31.7 % decline in heating demand and a 135.6 % surge in cooling demand under

This analysis utilizes the ResStock and ComStock dynamic physics-based building energy modeling software to investigate the energy performance of the residential and commercial building sectors in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) during Winter Storm Uri in February 2021. ResStock and ComStock were used to generate baseline building stock samples that were statistically representative

Heating load forecasting in the building sector is crucial for energy conservation, management, and regularization. This article presents two deep learning models based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent network (GRU) for 1- hour ahead heating load forecasting of a residential building. The hyperparameters (number of hidden layers, number of nodes in each hidden layer, learning rate

Urban heat is becoming increasingly severe in densely populated regions, particularly in the tropical climates, where average summer temperatures frequently reach > 34 °C [307.15 K]. As cities seek sustainable energy solutions, rooftop photovoltaic solar panels (RPVSPs) have gained popularity for their renewable energy potential. However, the microclimatic implications of RPVSPs on urban heat stress

In low-powered, self-sustaining, multistage photovoltaic (PV) systems, implementation of several control logics at rapid environmental conditions brings large power losses. To overcome such limitation, this work presents an efficient dual-control scheme for a three-level boost converter (TLBC) based single-stage PV system. In this proposed scheme, an optimized perturbation & observe (P&O) algorithm-based

Sex difference stands as a crucial factor necessitating consideration in personalized sleeping thermal environment control. However, there has been little exploration about sex differences in body temperature and thermal perception during sleep. Based on data from a winter sleep experiment (16, 20, 24°C) involving 14 young participants (7 males, 7 females), a time series analysis of the dynamic body

Thermoelectric (TE) heat pumps are promising solid-state technology for space cooling and heating owing to their unique advantages such as environmental friendliness with no harmful refrigerants, small form factors, low noise, robustness with no moving parts, and demand-flexible operation. However, their low coefficient of performance (COP) presents a challenge towards broader adaptation of the technology

A generative design (i.e., Intelligent Design) method for the floor plans in the rural residential buildings was proposed, integrated with the features of the functional room orientations and shapes, and the energy saving strategies. Firstly, the spatial orientation characteristics of different functional rooms in the local rural residential buildings were explored, and integrated into our proposed

With the Chinese government’s strong call for energy conservation and emission reduction, the regulatory requirements for optimizing the energy-carbon relationship in buildings are increasing. Accurate thermal load prediction in the built environment is essential for optimizing heating system design and operational strategies. To correctly forecast the heating energy load of regional buildings, this

The integration of nature-based solutions (NbS) into urban regeneration is increasingly recognized as a priority to address environmental, social, and economic challenges. However, the selection of vegetated wall systems remains complex due to the diversity of available technologies and their context-dependent performance. This study presents a methodological framework designed to support decision-making

Micro-leaks in air conditioning pipelines are typically caused by aging or improper installation, significantly impacting the performance and lifespan of refrigeration systems. Although micro-leaks do not immediately cause system shutdowns due to failure, they gradually damage system components and significantly increase energy consumption within buildings, and the leakage of flammable refrigerant

Advanced air distributions with dynamic airflow have the potential to improve indoor environmental quality. This study proposed to apply swinging grille blades in stratum ventilation (SV) for winter heating. Ten experimental cases were conducted to compare the differences between the swinging and traditional fixed air supply modes in terms of airflow pattern, thermal comfort, and energy-saving characteristics

Building Energy Simulation (BES) offers valuable virtual assessment of decarbonisation strategies but faces implementation challenges due to the complex balance between accuracy, modelling detail, and data availability. There is a significant lack of understanding in how these factors interact across different building characteristics and how they impact the reliability of energy conservation measure

This study investigates the LED lighting preference difference between Eastern and Western viewers for viewing museum paintings. The experiment was conducted in a room designed to simulate the exhibition of real paintings in museums. A total of forty participants (twenty Western and twenty Eastern observers) evaluated six oil paintings under twelve different lighting conditions. Each painting was assessed

Buildings are a major cause of carbon emissions. The building sector is responsible for around 40 % of energy consumption and for about 30 % of CO2 emissions. Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) are crucial for enhancing energy efficiency, and energy flexibility, and mitigating the environmental impact of buildings, which account for a significant amount of global energy use and greenhouse gas

The semantic segmentation of point clouds in building MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing) systems provides a system-level foundation for digital modeling and energy management. However, the densely interwoven and suspended nature of MEP components leads to fixed, irreversible occlusion patterns in point cloud data, introducing inductive biases that impair model generalization and segmentation

This study assesses the demand response potential in grocery stores for the entire energy system, including a CO2 booster and heat pump system, with respect to spot-price variations in the Nord Pool Finnish electricity market. Grocery stores are ideal for demand response measures due to their high heating and electricity demand, as well as the potential to store thermal energy in refrigerated food

Traditional Zhuangke dwellings in Qinghai Province, China’s cold climate zone, embody adaptive architectural strategies developed to mitigate extreme temperature fluctuations and reduce energy demand. Despite their potential, systematic evaluations of these archetypes and their quantitative thermal performance remain limited. This study addresses this gap by integrating field measurements with parametric

The global energy production sourced from fossil fuels is nearly about 80%. However, only 20% originated from renewable energy sources. To address this imbalance, significant advancements in the development of renewable energy systems are essential. Geothermal energy (GE) is a carbon free sustainable resource, but it has not gained as much global popularity like other renewable sources. Due to its

Most of the state-of-the-art natural ventilation models were developed for either single-sided, or cross ventilation mode, or buoyancy-driven ventilation. Natural ventilation (NV) of a single zone may vary between different modes in different seasons depending on the design and the operation of other building systems. This paper tailors the machine learning embedded semi-empirical models to predict

The European Union’s aim to decarbonize the building stock by 2050 requires significant reductions in the energy use for space heating and cooling. One such solution to decarbonization could be energy sharing between buildings. This paper presents the potential for energy saving and subsequent reduction in carbon emission with a low temperature district network in an energy community based in Malmö

To reach the legal target of net zero by 2050, the UK Department for Education (DfE) is responding to this challenge by retrofitting existing buildings and designing new buildings to reduce carbon emissions. Assessing and reporting on the operational energy performance of these rebuilding programs can help to further inform and drive evidence-based decarbonisation initiatives. This study utilises the

Building energy efficiency is critical for carbon neutrality, yet rapid, large-scale performance assessment remains challenging. This study introduces a three-stage multimodal framework combining Google Street View (GSV) imagery and GIS data to predict building-level Energy Performance Certificates (EPC), wall ratings, and Energy Use Intensity (EUI). First, facade extraction optimizes GSV camera viewpoints

Dynamic indoor environments, such as those recorded at perimeter zones of office buildings, require conditioning solutions that can respond quickly to dramatic changes in solar gain to keep occupants comfortable. Lightweight radiant ceiling panels have received much attention as a potential solution to this problem. However, while many designs have been proposed, these panels have largely focused on

The rapid growth of urban populations, exacerbated by urbanization and climate change, has led to worsening living conditions. Traditional urban ground greenery offers limited benefits and can even concentrate pollutants in urban canyons, increasing pedestrian exposure. To address these challenges, integrating greenery into three-dimensional urban spaces has become a promising approach for sustainable

Fast and accurate models for predicting indoor 3D high-resolution airflow distributions can be integrated with Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems to regulate indoor environments for occupant thermal comfort. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a mathematical model that can establish mapping relationships between variables with non-linear relationships. This study aims to develop

With the European Green Deal, innovative strategies for building retrofits should focus on implementing advanced energy efficiency measures and exploiting renewable energies for the reduction of operational CO2 emissions. The energy retrofit process of buildings typically involves several stakeholders with diverse and often conflicting interests, evaluating potential energy efficiency measures a multi-criteria

The rise in energy-efficient, sustainable building operations necessitates the development of advanced innovations that reduce heating and cooling demands while maintaining comfortable indoor thermal conditions. Phase change materials (PCMs) demonstrate significant potential as a stabilization mechanism through latent heat storage for managing residential indoor temperatures; however, their integration

Semitransparent photovoltaic windows with embedded solar cells have the dual advantages of onsite power generation and glare reduction. However, the alternating arrangement of opaque solar cells and transparent glass leads to inhomogeneous characteristics, and traditional glare indices are inapplicable in many cases. Therefore, an improved glare evaluation index is proposed; the index was based on

Solar Green Roofs (SGRs) have emerged as a promising solution to improve photovoltaic (PV) system performance while addressing urban heat island effects. However, limited large-scale experimental analyses in tropical climates hinder a comprehensive understanding of their potential. To address this issue, in this paper, we present a large-scale experimental study on the integration of SGR systems into

The main objective of this study is to develop a framework for dynamic and sequential HVAC control that minimizes energy costs while maintaining indoor thermal comfort and effectively integrates renewable energy under uncertain environments. The key challenge lies in the uncertainty and complexity of making decisions that depend on previous controls and influence future outcomes in real-time, which