Pend Oreille, a carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb sulfide deposit, is the only base metal mine recently in production within the historically prolific Kootenay arc belt. The deposit consists of two spatially and lithologically distinct types of stratabound, carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb mineralization: Josephine and Yellowhead. The Yellowhead-type sulfide mineralization, the focus of this study, consists of en échelon

Pyrite commonly incorporates a wide range of trace and minor elements, which in turn may modify some of the mineral’s physical and chemical properties. Published band position data for the Raman spectra of pyrite show a wide variation, and the relationship between band position and the trace/minor element incorporation in pyrite is poorly constrained until now. This prompted a case study on pyrite

Pyrite is ubiquitous in the world-class iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits of the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre district, documented from early to late stages of mineralization and observed in deep and shallow levels of mineralized bodies. Despite its abundance, the chemical and isotopic signature of pyrite from the Candelaria-Punta del Cobre district, and most IOCG deposits worldwide, remains poorly

Metals Are Where You Find Them: Geologist’s Travels Through Six Continents. Peter Laznicka. 2019. 528 pages, 106 MB PDF file. Available online from http://payhip.com/MetallogenicaAdelaide. US$52. 50% student discount available.The author has published several widely acclaimed technical books about global ore deposits and their genesis. This volume is a compilation of his personal travel experiences

Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) and iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are major sources of Fe, Cu, and Au. Magnetite is the modally dominant and commodity mineral in IOA deposits, whereas magnetite and hematite are predominant in IOCG deposits, with copper sulfides being the primary commodity minerals. It is generally accepted that IOCG deposits formed by hydrothermal processes, but there is a lack of

The Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide-apatite (IOA) orebodies in northern Chile are some of the most enigmatic mineral deposits on Earth, interpreted to have formed as lava flows or by hydrothermal replacement, two radically different processes. Field observations provide some support for both processes, but ultimately fail to explain all observations. Previously proposed genetic models based on

The Upper Carboniferous Ortokarnash manganese ore deposit in the West Kunlun orogenic belt of the Xinjiang province in China is hosted in the Kalaatehe Formation. The latter is composed of three members: (1) the 1st Member is a volcanic breccia limestone, (2) the 2nd Member is a sandy limestone, and (3) the 3rd Member is a dark gray to black marlstone containing the manganese carbonate mineralization

The Gara, Yalea, and Gounkoto Au deposits of the >17 Moz Loulo mining district, largely hosted by the Kofi series metasediments, are located several kilometers to the east of the 650-Mt Fe skarn deposits in the adjacent Falémé batholith. The Au deposits are interpreted to have formed through phase separation of an aqueous-carbonic fluid, which locally mixed with a hypersaline brine of metaevaporite

The textures of outcrop and near-surface exposures of the massive magnetite orebodies (>90 vol % magnetite) at the Plio-Pleistocene El Laco iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit in northern Chile are similar to basaltic lava flows and have compositions that overlap high- and low-temperature hydrothermal magnetite. Existing models—liquid immiscibility and complete metasomatic replacement of andesitic lava

Late Triassic to Early Jurassic porphyry Cu mineralization is common in British Columbia, yet there are few age-equivalent porphyry occurrences in Yukon. This study presents new data for the enigmatic Carmacks Copper Cu-Au-Ag deposit in south-central Yukon, Canada, which is hosted in amphibolite facies metamorphic inliers within the Early Jurassic Granite Mountain batholith. Sulfide mineralization

In 2013, a diamond drill program tested an extensive advanced argillic alteration lithocap within the Hu’u project on eastern Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. A very large and blind copper-gold deposit (Onto) was discovered, in which copper occurs largely as disseminated covellite with pyrite, and as pyrite-covellite veinlets in a tabular block measuring at least 1.5 × 1 km, with a vertical thickness of

The ultramafic-mafic Talnakh intrusion in the Norilsk province (Russia) hosts one of the world’s major platinum group element (PGE)-Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. This study employed a multitechnique approach, including in situ Hf-O isotope analyses of zircon combined with whole-rock Nd isotope data, in order to gain new insights into genesis of the Talnakh economic intrusion. Zircons from gabbrodiorite,

We present detailed paleomagnetic data from the Permian-Triassic Cu-Ni-Pt–bearing intrusions of the Norilsk region (northwestern Siberian platform). Based on the analysis of geomagnetic secular variations recorded in the intrusions, we correlate the Norilsk ore-bearing intrusions with the Siberian Traps volcanic sequences in the region. The similarity of paleomagnetic directions of the ore-bearing

The deepest terminations of the Mount Rudnaya subvertical massive sulfide offshoots of the Norilsk 1 orebody are composed of exceptionally fine grained sulfides that are believed to be natural quenched sulfide solid solutions. Copper-rich intermediate solid solution (ISS) and Fe-rich monosulfide solid solution (MSS) form an equigranular and lamellar matrix hosting MSS- and ISS-dominant globules. The

A large proportion of the disseminated sulfide ores of the Norilsk-Talnakh camp are hosted within olivine-rich, ultramafic cumulate layers called picro-gabbrodolerite units. In this study we quantitatively analyze the chemistry and textures of the silicate and oxide minerals within olivine-bearing cumulates of the Kharaelakh, Norilsk 1, and Talnakh intrusions to determine how these intrusions compare

Oxide-rimmed, spherical structures interpreted as former gas bubbles have been discovered within a chromitiferous taxitic lithology of the Norilsk-Talnakh intrusions. These rocks are represented by variable grain size, presence of reworked country-rock xenoliths and millimeter- to centimeter-scale irregular spinel-rich aggregates, patches, or disrupted seams and stringers. They contain spherical and

The Norilsk 1 intrusion (Russia), renowned for its abundance of sulfide ores, contains an upper contact zone, which hosts sulfide-poor and Cr spinel and platinum group element (PGE)-rich discontinuous reefs with significant economic potential. Located within strongly inhomogeneous contact rocks of various compositions, the origin of these reefs is complex and debated. Enrichment in PGEs in these rocks

Mineralogical and chemical zonations observed in massive sulfide ores from Ni-Cu-platinum group element (PGE) deposits are commonly ascribed to the fractional crystallization of monosulfide solid solution (MSS) and intermediate solid solution (ISS) from sulfide liquid. Recent studies of classic examples of zoned orebodies at Sudbury and Voisey’s Bay (Canada) demonstrated that the chemistry of magnetite

Low-sulfide platinum group element (PGE) mineralization of the Norilsk-type intrusions is located within the Upper Gabbroic Series, which comprises rocks heterogeneous in texture and composition. The highest grade of 10 to 50 g/t PGEs is confined primarily to chromitiferous taxitic gabbrodolerite, which forms irregular lens- and vein-like bodies that interfinger with contact gabbrodolerite, intrusion

The Norilsk-Talnakh ore district in the northwestern Siberian platform contains globally unique reserves of Cu-Ni-sulfides with Pt and, especially, Pd. The Oktyabrsk deposit, which is one of the largest in the district, is spatially and genetically associated with the Kharaelakh mafic-ultramafic intrusion and its exceptionally large metamorphic and metasomatic aureoles. In this study, we employed in

In the paper, “The dynamic sulfide saturation process and a possible slab break-off model for the giant Xiarihamu magmatic nickel ore deposit in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China,” by YueGao Liu, WenYuan Li, QunZi Jia, ZhaoWei Zhang, ZhiAn Wang, ZhiBing Zhang, JiangWei Zhang, and Bing Qian (Volume 113, no. 6, p. 1383–1417), references to Chen et al. (2009) and Tian

The Ni-Cu-platinum group element (PGE) deposits of the Norilsk-Talnakh district in Arctic Siberia are among the most valuable metal accumulations of any kind on Earth. Not only are they extraordinary ore deposits, but they are also an integral part of one of the most cataclysmic events in the history of the planet, the Siberian large igneous province, linked to arguably the most influential event in

Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits are a subset of sediment-hosted massive sulfide deposits and provide our dominant resource of Zn. In the SEDEX model, base metals (Zn, Pb, Fe) are hydrothermally vented into sulfidic (euxinic) seawater and deposited coevally with the organic-rich mudstone host rock, resulting in laterally extensive layered mineralization. In the Selwyn Basin (Canada) at Macmillan

The Gibraltar Cu-Mo deposit, with a total tonnage of 3.2 million tons (Mt) Cu, is located in the Canadian Cordillera and hosted by the Late Triassic Granite Mountain batholith. The batholith formed through multiple intrusions of tonalitic rocks over a period of ~25 m.y. beginning at 229.2 ± 4.4 Ma in the Quesnel island arc before the accretion of the arc to the North American continent. Late in its

The Carpentaria province (McArthur basin and Mount Isa inlier) in northern Australia is one of the most important districts for clastic-dominated (CD-type) massive sulfide deposits. The George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, located in this province, is hosted by the carbonaceous Urquhart Shale Formation (ca. 1654 Ma) in a region that has an active history of metamorphism and tectonism. In this study, paragenetically

Subtropical weathering of granitic catchments in South China has led to the formation of numerous giant regolith-hosted rare earth element (REE) deposits that currently account for more than 15% of global REE production and more than 95% of global heavy REE (HREE) production. Understanding the controls on mobilization and redistribution of the REEs during subtropical weathering in these granitic catchments

Clastic dominant-type massive sulfide deposits are well preserved in Upper Devonian carbonaceous mudstones in the Macmillan Pass district (Yukon, Canada). The Macmillan Pass deposits have been considered to be type examples of sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb mineralization, whereby sulfides precipitated when hydrothermal fluids were vented into a euxinic (H2S-bearing) water column. We propose a new mineralization

The use of hyperspectral reflectance in mineral exploration has been steadily increasing in recent decades. This study presents a novel approach that integrates geochemical and spectral proxies to delineate ore formation and alteration processes, which provide new spectral-based exploration parameters that can be used in real time. The precious metal-bearing, bimodal-felsic Northwest zone of the Lemarchant

The Tectonics and Metallogenesis of Asia. Tianfeng Wan. 2020. Springer. 319 Pp. eBook ISBN 978-981-15-3032-6. Hardcover ISBN 978-981-15-3031-9. €155.99.This is an ambitious volume that attempts to review the tectonic provinces of Asia, their geological history, and their metallogeny. The preface notes that the economic geology aspects of the volume are based on collected information from “242 giant

The 144 zone is a pseudobreccia-hosted, disseminated gold deposit that formed in the middle to late Cambrian Bonanza King dolostone along an unconformity with the underlying early to middle Cambrian Carrara limestone at Bare Mountain, southern Nevada. Underground mapping revealed spatial relationships between breccia types, host rocks, and alteration assemblages that are related to gold mineralization

The Andean plateau is a small region of South America extending between northwest Argentina, southwest Bolivia, and northern Chile. It concentrates the largest global resources of lithium brines in its numerous salars. Of these, the giant salars in Bolivia and Chile have been relatively well studied; however, only little is known about the smaller but numerous salars in the Argentine Puna region. In

The polymetamorphosed Swartberg Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the Namaqua Metamorphic Province of South Africa is a major metal producer in the region, yet its genesis remains poorly understood. The deposit comprises several stratiform to stratabound units, namely the Lower Orebody and Dark Quartzite, the overlying Barite Unit, and the Upper Orebody, all of which are folded by an F2 isoclinal syncline and

Jinding is the third-largest known Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Zn-Pb deposit. It is hosted by a dome containing a suite of complex breccias and sandstones with abundant gypsum and anhydrite. This study presents the results of new geologic mapping of the Jinding open pit and discusses the geology of the deposit in detail. Our new data support a previously proposed model where the deposit is hosted

At the Black Mountain porphyry Cu-Au deposit in the Baguio district, Northern Luzon (Philippines), pre- and synmineralized rocks preserve magmatic and hydrothermal minerals (e.g., plagioclase, amphibole, titanite, and epidote) spanning the complete paragenesis of the deposit. Strontium isotope values in early crystallized plagioclase phenocrysts from all felsic porphyries can be divided into two types

Propylitic alteration, characterized by the occurrence of chlorite and epidote, is typically the most extensive and peripheral alteration facies developed around porphyry ore deposits. However, exploration within this alteration domain is particularly challenging, commonly owing to weak or nonexistent whole-rock geochemical gradients and the fact that similar assemblages can be developed in other geologic

High-resolution, quantitative imaging of epidote from the Ann Mason fault block, Yerington district, Nevada, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has revealed at least two types of epidote (type 1 and type 2), each with different major and trace element chemistry. Type 1 epidote is coarser grained

In porphyry ore deposit models, the propylitic alteration facies is widely interpreted to be caused by convective circulation of meteoric waters. However, recent field-based and geochemical data suggest that magmatic-derived fluids are likely to contribute to development of the propylitic assemblage. In order to test this hypothesis, we determined the oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of propylitic

The giant, high-grade Resolution porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Superior district of Arizona is hosted in Proterozoic and Paleozoic basement and in an overlying Cretaceous volcaniclastic breccia and sandstone package. Resolution has a central domain of potassic alteration that extends more than 1 km outboard of the ore zone, overlapping with a propylitic halo characterized by epidote, chlorite, and

The Highland Valley Copper porphyry deposits, hosted in the Late Triassic Guichon Creek batholith in the Canadian Cordillera, are unusual in that some of them formed at depths of at least 4 to 5 km in cogenetic host rocks. Enrichments in ore and pathfinder elements are generally limited to a few hundred meters beyond the pit areas, and the peripheral alteration is restricted to narrow (1–3 cm) halos

Exploration for porphyry deposits in the past few decades has become increasingly expensive, with new discoveries often occurring at considerable depths or obscured through extensive postmineralization cover (Schodde, 2017; Cooke et al., 2020a). Given these complexities, new exploration techniques or novel applications of known techniques are needed to ensure continued discoveries into the future.

Hydrothermal white mica in the Highland Valley district, British Columbia, is present in high-temperature alteration assemblages in early halo veins and in intermediate-temperature sericitic alteration assemblages in D-type veins. Pale-gray white micas characterize early halo veins in the Valley and Bethsaida zone porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, whereas pale-green white micas form texturally similar vein

The mineral chemistry of epidote and chlorite from the propylitic halo at El Teniente, in samples collected at distances up to 6.6 km from the deposit center, was determined by microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results show that both minerals systematically incorporated a range of trace elements that define a much larger footprint to the system than is easily

The Highland Valley Copper porphyry Cu (±Mo) district is hosted in the Late Triassic Guichon Creek batholith in the Canadian Cordillera. Fracture-controlled sodic-calcic alteration is important because it forms a large footprint (34 km2) outside of the porphyry Cu centers. This alteration consists of epidote ± actinolite ± tourmaline veins with halos of K-feldspar–destructive albite (1–20 XAn) ± fine-grained

The Collahuasi district of northern Chile hosts several late Eocene-early Oligocene world-class porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, including Rosario, Ujina, and Quebrada Blanca deposits, and associated high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization at La Grande. Mineralization is hosted by intermediate to felsic intrusive and volcanic rocks of the upper Paleozoic to Lower Triassic Collahuasi Group, which experienced

Banded Iron Formations to Iron Ore: An Integrated Genesis Model. Desmond Fitzgerald Lascelles. 2018. Nova Science Publishers. Series: Geology and Mineralogy Research Developments. 185 Pp. Paperback ISBN 978-1-53610-971-9; ebook ISBN: 978-1-53610-982-5 Price: US$95.00This book documents in three sections the personal views of Dr. Des Lascelles on (1) the genesis of banded iron formations (BIFs), (2)

Permian-Triassic granites and associated tin deposits are widespread in the Eastern and Western belts of Peninsular Malaysia. The ages and key controlling factors of tin mineralization, however, are poorly constrained. Cassiterite separates from the Sintok and Rahman tin deposits in the Western belt, and Bandi, Setahum, Lembing, and Cherul tin deposits in the Eastern belt have U-Pb ages of 218.9 ±

The Productora Cu-Au-Mo deposit is hosted by a Cretaceous hydrothermal breccia complex in the Coastal Cordillera of northern Chile. The current resource, which includes the neighboring Alice Cu-Mo porphyry deposit, is estimated at 236.6 Mt grading 0.48% Cu, 0.10 g/t Au, and 135 ppm Mo. Local wall rocks consist of a thick sequence of broadly coeval rhyolite to rhyodacite lapilli tuffs (128.7 ± 1.3 Ma;

The North and South Flank deposits are located on the flanks of the Weeli Wolli anticline at Mining Area C in the central Hamersley Province. Supergene martite-goethite mineralization is hosted within the Marra Mamba Iron Formation and is developed over a strike length of more than 60 km. This multibillion metric ton resource has been drilled out on a 150- × 50- to 50- × 50-m grid, thus providing us

Quartz dioritic impact melt dikes around the 1.85 Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex, locally referred to as offset dikes, are well endowed with respect to Ni-Cu-platinum group elements (PGE). However, only those dikes proximal (<6 km) to the main mass of the Sudbury Complex are mineralized at an economic grade and, in places, host world-class deposits. We report on a new discovery of such heavily mineralized

The Jiaodong gold province, the largest gold producer in China, formed in a setting dominated by a 30-m.y. episode of Izanagi plate rollback and widespread extension, concomitant with late Mesozoic craton destruction. This study presents new high precision in situ sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Th-Pb and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb

Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation. Sophie Decrée and Laurence Robb, Editors. 2019. ISBN 978-1-119-29053-7. American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Geophysical Monograph 242. 272 Pp. Price: US$199.95 (Hardcover); US$159.99 (ebook).In Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation, available in both hardcopy and e-book, editors Sophie Decrée and Laurence Robb

Analytical methods used by commercial assay laboratories have improved enormously in recent years. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry methods now report analyses for half of the periodic table with exceptional detection limits and precision. It is becoming commonplace for mining companies to use such methods routinely for the analysis

The East Eagle Ni-Cu-platinum group element deposit is a conduit-type deposit located in northern Michigan, in close spatial proximity to the currently producing Eagle deposit. Massive and semimassive (net-textured) sulfide mineralization at East Eagle occurs approximately 800 m lower in the stratigraphic sequence than that at Eagle and only ~200 m above the contact between Proterozoic and Archean

The Kuntabin Sn-W deposit, located in southern Myanmar, is characterized by abundant greisen-type and quartz vein-type cassiterite and wolframite mineralization. We have conducted multiple geochronological methods and isotope and trace element analyses to reveal the age and evolution of the Kuntabin magmatichydrothermal system.Zircon U-Pb dating of the two-mica granite yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U

The solubility of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3(s)) in aqueous solutions has been investigated experimentally at 250°, 300°, and 350°C and saturated water vapor pressure, and total Na concentrations ranging from 0 to 3 molal (m). Results of these experiments show that the solubility of MoO3(s) increases with increasing temperature and at 350°C can reach several thousand parts per million at high salinity

The Rosen copper veins in southeastern Bulgaria are recognized for the first time as an iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) district. The veins are located in the East Srednogorie segment of the Carpathian-Balkan calc-alkaline volcano-plutonic arc and were formed during an end-stage interval of extreme slab rollback and intra-arc rifting, which gave rise farther east to seafloor spreading in the Western

Recognizing if and how Au is remobilized, in solid, melt, or fluid state, is critical for understanding the origin of high-grade ore zones in Au deposits. When evidence for Au remobilization can be demonstrated, then primary versus secondary processes can be distinguished, resulting in a more complete understanding of Au deposit formation. To address this, samples from two Au deposits, Jerome and Kenty

The Eastern Gabbro, Coldwell Complex, hosts several geochemically and mineralogically distinct Cu-platinum group element (PGE) deposits, including the high-grade W Horizon (>100 ppm Pd-Pt-Au over 2 m). Several magmatic and/or hydrothermal models have previously been proposed to explain the range of enrichment in PGEs observed in the Marathon deposit, but no work has integrated textural and compositional

In the paper, “Geometallurgical Concepts Used in Industrial Mineral Production,” by Steinar L. Ellefmo, Kurt Aasly, Aleksandra Lang, Veena S. Vezhapparambu, and Camilo A.M. Silva (v. 114, no. 8, p. 1553), a publication listed in references cites the authors’ names incorrectly as Rahmanpour, M., and Osanloo, M. The correct reference is below. In addition, the correct citation of this paper on p. 1544

Accelerated carbonation of ultramafic mine tailings has the potential to offset CO2 emissions produced by mining ores from Cu-Ni-platinum group element, podiform chromite, diamondiferous kimberlite, and historical chrysotile deposits. Treatments such as acid leaching, reaction of tailings with elevated concentrations of gaseous CO2, and optimization of tailings pore water saturation have been shown