Lake Bottom oxbow is a partially-filled oxbow lake within an alluvium filled sandstone canyon reach of the Dolores River in eastern Utah, USA. Two adjacent sediment cores were obtained from the Lake Bottom oxbow to better understand the depositional and environmental history of the site and region. Depositional ages were determined using radiocarbon dating (14C) of pollen extracts, optically stimulated

The Southern Patagonian Icefield is located in an area with a complex tectonic-rheological structure and is affected by intense glacial-isostatic adjustment and rapid ice retreat. Geodetic observations of loading effects provide information on earth structure. Perito Moreno Glacier repeatedly dams the Brazo Rico and Brazo Sur branches of Lago Argentino. The rupture of the ice dam applies an intense

Daily time lapse imagery and pixel tracking was used to monitor and track spatial and temporal changes in sediment-mantled hillslopes, during and immediately after glacier retreat in the Fox Glacier/Te Moeka o Tuawe valley, New Zealand. Observations from 2014 to 2018 of the Fox Glacier and surrounding hillslopes show hillslope failure is primarily coincident with, and triggered by, glacier retreat

This study focuses on the understanding of the hydrogeological functioning of a complex landslide affecting the coastal municipality of Villerville (Normandy, France). We wish to provide a conceptual model of functioning using a multi-disciplinary approach. A set of geomorphological, geological and hydrological data, as well as in-situ observations, were first used to understand the main landslides

We quantified the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of fungi associated with dead moss tissues and conifer needles in a forest-tundra ecotone in a sub-arctic region, Quebec, Canada. We detected 615 operational taxonomic units, in total, of fungi in 84 families with 97% sequence similarity by metabarcoding the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Saprotrophs

Assumed‐PDF (probability density function) higher‐order turbulence closures (APHOCs) are now widely used for parameterizing boundary layer turbulence and shallow convection in Earth system models (ESMs). A better understanding of the resolution‐dependent behavior of APHOCs is essential for improving the performance of next‐generation ESMs with intended horizontal resolutions finer than 10 km. In this

Aquaplanet experiments are important tools for understanding and improving physical processes simulated by global models; yet, previous aquaplanet experiments largely differ in their representation of subseasonal tropical rainfall variability. This study presents results from aquaplanet experiments produced with the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere (MPAS‐A)‐ a community model specifically

In climate models, the subgrid‐scale orography (SSO) parameterization imposes a blocked flow drag at low levels that is opposed to the local flow. In IPSL‐CM6A‐LR, an SSO lift force is also applied perpendicular to the local flow to account for the effect of locally blocked air in narrow valleys. Using IPSL‐CM6A‐LR sensitivity experiments, it is found that the tuning of both effects strongly impacts

This paper documents the biogeochemistry configuration of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM), E3SMv1.1‐BGC. The model simulates historical carbon cycle dynamics, including carbon losses predicted in response to land use and land cover change, and the responses of the carbon cycle to changes in climate. In addition, we introduce several innovations in the treatment of soil nutrient limitation

Knowing precisely where a spacecraft lands on Mars is important for understanding the regional and local context, setting, and the offset between the inertial and cartographic frames. For the InSight spacecraft, the payload of geophysical and environmental sensors also particularly benefits from knowing exactly where the instruments are located. A ~30 cm/pixel image acquired from orbit after landing

This paper is about shame, its geographies, and its role in the government of conduct in austerity Britain. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data from a Trussell Trust foodbank in the Valleys of South Wales, the geography of shame is investigated through its spatiality, temporality, and politics. Together, these avenues demonstrate how shame not only acts over those individual bodies experiencing

The Pleistocene ungulate communities from the western coastal plains of South Africa's Cape Floristic Region (CFR) are diverse and dominated by grazers, in contrast to the region's Holocene and historical faunas, which are relatively species‐poor and dominated by small‐bodied browsers and mixed feeders. An expansion of grassy habitats is clearly implied by the Pleistocene faunas, but the presence of

We present a new inventory of large rock slope instabilities and an extensive structural data set for northwestern Bhutan. Our data set is largely based on satellite observations, such as optical images and high‐resolution digital surface models, complemented with field observations. Kinematic analyses over seven different structural domains recognized in the study region were carried out to investigate

Oxidative weathering of continental rocks is the major source of redox-sensitive elements to the ocean. The timing for the initiation of oxidative weathering remains strongly debated. Here we report new δ238U data for the authigenic component of well-preserved ca. 3.07–2.90 Ga marine and lacustrine shales from the Mozaan and Dominion groups of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa. The δ238Uauth values

Machine learning-based data-driven models have achieved great success since their invention. Nowadays, the artificial neural network (ANN)-based machine learning methods have made great progress than ever before, such as the deep learning and reinforcement learning, etc. In this study, we coupled the ANN with the K-nearest neighbor method to propose a novel hybrid machine learning (HML) hydrological

Time capsules of fluid, trapped within the oxide minerals from two iron ore deposits reveal an important role for sediment-derived carbonate–sulfate-rich melts in the concentration of iron, a crucial element for humanity’s development.

Land-use and land-cover changes are accelerating. Such changes can homogenize the water cycle and undermine planetary resilience. Policymakers and practitioners must consider water–vegetation interactions in their land-management decisions.

Clouds play a key role in Earth’s radiation budget, covering more than 50% of the planet. However, the binary delineation of cloudy and clear sky is not clearly defined due to the presence of a transitionary zone, known as the cloud twilight zone, consisting of liquid droplets and humidified to dry aerosols. The twilight zone is an inherent component of cloud fields, yet its influence on longwave-infrared

Nitrous acid (HONO) is a precursor of the hydroxyl radical in the atmosphere, which controls the degradation of greenhouse gases, contributes to photochemical smog and ozone production, and influences air quality. Although biomass burning is known to contribute substantially to global aerosols and reactive gas emissions, pyrogenic contributions to HONO emissions are poorly constrained and often omitted

Genetic models for iron oxide–apatite deposits are controversial and span a spectrum from orthomagmatic to hydrothermal endmembers. This lack of consensus is rooted in uncertainties as to the nature and origin of ore-forming fluids in these systems. Here, we present a fluid-inclusion study of mineralizing fluids at two iron oxide–apatite deposits (Buena Vista, Nevada and Iron Springs, Utah). We found

Electrical resistivity and self-potential are effective geophysical tools for monitoring the soil and groundwater pollution because they are accurate, rapid, costless and non-distractive techniques. Direct or indirect burying of the corpses into the soil is one of the main factors which pollute the soil and the groundwater after decomposition of the tissues and bones. Therefore, the main objective

Synchrotron-based X-ray analytical techniques are gaining in prominence as a crucial yet highly specialized tool for advancing knowledge within the broad field of the Earth Sciences. In terms of global scientific competitiveness, African scientists are somewhat disadvantaged by not having access to their own synchrotron on the African continent. However, there currently exists a strong drive towards

An evolutionary developmental biologist is intrigued by how wing buds affect the growth of these insects’ heads and bodies.

Immunization has always been a proxy for wider fears about social control, a history reminds us. By Julie Leask

The NAS told Nature that no one has used the complaint system put in place last year.

Survey finds that many researchers are banned from speaking about their work or have had their research altered to downplay risks.

Space, water, food security and archaeology present opportunities for joint research as United Arab Emirates and Bahrain end boycott of Israel.

The pump-and-treat (P&T) method is a common remediation approach that is used to mitigate occurrences of hydrocarbon contamination. In a well-studied site that had been contaminated by a large volume of jet fuel, continuous monitoring of the water table and floating phase thickness revealed the most significant process governing the effectiveness of the site’s active remediation system. The floating

One of the major issues in the safety of a deep geological repository (DGR) for radioactive waste is the migration of hydrogen (H2) resulting mainly from anaerobic metal corrosion and from water and waste radiolysis. The migration of hydrogen may have adverse effects on the mechanics of the host rock and of the engineered barrier systems within a DGR. Some studies pointed out involvement of hydrogen

Ha Long Bay is an attractive landscape and a center of dynamic economic activity; however, it is subject to negative impacts from tourism, activity in its harbor, mining, industry, and urbanization, which is evidenced by the presence of pollutants, including heavy metals, in surface sediment at the bay. To ascertain the extent of the anthropogenic impact, 48 surface sediment samples were collected

2D underground models that reflect the physical, mechanical and structural properties of the geological units below the ground are called geotechnical cross-sections. In order to visualize these cross-sections, geotechnical engineers record the measurements obtained from vertical electrical sounding, seismic refraction or drilling methods. The visualization process is done by hand and it may vary depending

Abstract New data on the concentration of 137Cs in the water and bottom sediments of the Sea of Azov are analyzed. The factors determining the entry and redistribution of technogenic radionuclides in the seas are discussed. The increased background of radioactivity in the Sea of Azov is supported by the recirculation of radionuclides transported after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station

Abstract The last map of anthropogenic soil erosion in Russia was compiled more than 20 years ago on a scale of 1 : 5 000 000. In recent years, additional data on soil erosion have been accumulated. New mapping approaches have appeared that enable us to present more detailed digital data at the country level. The geometric part of the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia (on the initial

Abstract The correlation of Neoproterozoic granitoid magmatism of the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island, Chukotka, the Chukchi Borderland, and Northern Alaska indicates integrity of the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate basement and the formation of the continental crust during the Timanian (Baikalian) orogeny. The age of inherited cores of zircons and the Nd model age point out the participation

Abstract Based on the results of studying the lithological–geochemical features of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous mudrocks and black shales in the Eastern Russian Platform, the continuous distribution of pyroclastic material in the whole section is established. Possible sources of acid pyroclastics were active volcanoes of the Transcaucasian ensialic island arc. The explosions of the Sanandaj–Senjan

Abstract According to seismological and geodetic data, the central part of the South Baikal basin is under an extension regime of the Earth’s crust. This study presents for the first time seismological evidence of a transtensive stress field in a local area adjacent to the eastern side of the Central Baikal subbasin. Two independent approaches to determining the orientation of the principal stress

Abstract Plagioclase varieties from leucogranites of the Raumid pluton (Pamirs) were studied by isotope Rb–Sr method. The studied varieties are: (1) fresh, crystal-clear magmatic oligoclase and (2) altered by deuteric saussuritization, turbid plagioclase. Comparison of data obtained for the coexisting varieties shows that saussuritization of the leucogranites led to Rb and Sr content and 87Rb/86Sr

Abstract U–Pb ID-TIMS dating of igneous baddeleyite from metamorphosed coronitic gabbronorites in the сentral part of the Belomorian mobile belt, Fennoscandian shield was performed for the first time. The obtained age of 2404 ± 11 Ma indicates that studied gabbronorites belong to the ca. 2400 Ma large igneous province and thereby allows to extend its area on the Fennoscandian Shield. A short duration

Abstract In order to determine the provenance and age of terrigenous-carbonate stratified units exposed in the region of Bagrush Mountains, Bashkirian uplift, U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from these units has been carried out. A comparison of the data results with analogous data on five stratigraphic levels within the Riphean section of the Bashkirian uplift has shown that the studied sequence should

Abstract This work presents the results of the isotope dating of detrital zircons from sandstones of the Bratsk (O3), Kezhemskaya (S1), and Baeronovka (C1) formations of the sedimentary cover of the southwestern part of the Siberian Platform. It was established that Paleoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic complexes of the Siberian Platform basement with ages of 2.00–1.85 Ga were the dominant source

Abstract The species composition and structure of bottom communities with a predominance of bivalve mollusks of the Portlandia genus, which are widespread on the shelf of the Russian Arctic, were analyzed. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed that Portlandia aestuariorum and P. arctica are valid species; it has been shown that all P. arctica from different regions belong to the same species regardless

Abstract The first U–Pb (LA–ICP–MS) isotope dating of detrital zircons from quartzites of two strata of the Maksyutov metamorphic complex (Southern Urals) was performed. Zircon grains from the Galeevo quartzites are well rounded. The concordant zircon ages fall into the ranges of 529–594, 956–2144, and 2709–2781 Ma; the main age peaks are 544, 551, and 1491 Ma. Zircon grains from the Yumaguzino quartzites

Abstract On the basis of the data on perturbations in the Earth’s atmosphere recorded before and after 52 significant earthquakes that occurred during the period from 1997 to 2018 in the Asian region, it is shown that the amplitudes of internal gravity waves that originated from seismically active regions can be used at the saturation threshold level for a short-term indication of upcoming seismic

Abstract New fault kinematics data within the Archinsk field located in the Nurol depression (south part of the West Siberian Basin) are obtained by structural analysis of the 3D seismic reflection data. Two stages of fault formation in the Mesozoic–Cenozoic period are distinguished. The first stage is characterized by a normal stress regime with a NE-trending minimum principal stress and corresponds

Abstract This work presents the results of U–Th–Pb (LA–ICP–MS) geochronological study of detrital zircons from terrigenous deposits of the Olokit zone of the Baikal–Patom fold–thrust belt of the Siberian Craton. It was established that the age of deposits of the Olokit Formation is in the range of 0.86–0.72 Ga. Archean and Early Proterozoic rocks of the southern part of the Siberian Craton and the

Abstract Using observations from a large-scale seismic station network, we built a seismic tomography model of velocity anomalies for longitudinal (P-wave) and transverse (S-wave) seismic waves beneath the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes. The observational network (about 150 km) and the number of seismic stations (about 200) made it possible to determine the velocity structure to depths of 150 km

Abstract The tundra was divided into different classes depending on the temperature and precipitation in accordance with the Holdridge classification. Dry, moist, wet, and rainy tundras were distinguished. Datasets on climate variability were obtained from the Climatic Research Unit website (http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/data) for the period from 2001 to 2017. The long-term (2001–2016) dynamics of phytomass

Abstract The results of studying the content, composition, and distribution of chloroform bitumoids (CBs) in the Holocene sediments of the Barents Sea (cruise 68 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh, July–August 2017) are presented. Depending on the sedimentation conditions, CB concentrations varied, on average, as follows (μg of dry weight): Novaya Zemlya archipelago (174) > Svalbard archipelago (131)

Abstract Estimates of the probability of warm and cold winters in regions of Northern Eurasia are obtained from data for eight decades, depending on El Niño phenomena. The features of anomalously warm and anomalously cold winters in different Russian regions in the phases of El Niño and La Niña and in the neutral phase are noted. Features of anomalous winters under El Niño phenomena of different types

Abstract A large data set (sample size >4000) of the decomposition rates of coarse woody debris was collected in field mass loss experiments along the macro-regional profile crossing the entire forest zone of the West Siberian plain (Russia). The profile passed through the entire latitudinal variety of boreal forest ecosystems from forest tundra in the North (67°) to forest steppe in the South (55°)

Abstract Suprasubduction zone ophiolites in the Bayanaul and Maikain–Kyzyltas zones in the northeastern part of Central Kazakhstan were studied. U–Pb dating of plagiogranites that constitute the plutonic complexes of the ophiolite sections was performed. The Early Ordovician age estimates of 480 ± 3 Ma for the plagiogranites in the Bayanaul zone and 477 ± 2 Ma in the Maikain-Kyzyltas zone were obtained

Carbonate reservoirs usually consist of multiple units each with different degrees of layer-bound fracture density, height, length, and angular scatter. Some units may have finite fracture networks (FFNs), and some others may contain only isolated fractures. FFNs are islands of interconnected fractures within a sea of isolated fractures. The fracture volume can be estimated from the initial surge in

In the coal-bearing deposits of the Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea, coal seams are for the most part extremely thin, typically less than 0.5 m. Coal streaks are commonly observed but are not concentrated. In addition, the ash content of the coal components is very high, indicating that the geological conditions of peat accumulation and coal formation were very unstable. For these reasons

Pore network in coal is important for coal bed methane storage, making it necessary for us to further study coal pore characteristics for better studying and exploiting the coal bed methane resource, also reducing the gas outburst accidents during coal mining process. In this paper, adsorption strain experiments were implemented to distinguish the differences of methane adsorption effects of coal samples

The failure of transmission towers often causes widespread blackouts and results in electrical shock to people and animals via water bodies especially in areas prone to river floods and storm surges. To ensure safety operation of the power networks, the structural health of transmission towers should be maintained and investigated under the potential of flood hazards. We propose a comprehensive risk

Recent advances in the development of in-situ chemical and temperature sensors have shown great promise as a means to investigate time series changes in marine and terrestrial hydrothermal systems. Here we apply this technology to assess chemical and physical controls on sublacustrine vent fluids in Yellowstone Lake, WY. Autonomous sensor systems were deployed in August 2017 using ROV assets to position

Volcanoes frequently generate infrasound signals that need to be processed before they can be used to monitor and track changes in eruptive activity. Unsupervised machine learning is complementary to existing processing methods and can be used for data exploration to identify features of interest in the data. Here, I examine three days of infrasound data from Mount Etna, Italy, that encompasses the