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A benchmark data set for long-term monitoring in the eLTER site Gesäuse-Johnsbachtal Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Florian Lippl, Alexander Maringer, Margit Kurka, Jakob Abermann, Wolfgang Schöner, Manuela Hirschmugl
Abstract. This paper gives an overview over all currently available data sets for the European Long-term Ecosystem Research (eLTER) monitoring site Gesäuse-Johnsbachtal. The site is part of the eLTSER platform Eisenwurzen in the Alps of the province of Styria, Austria. It contains both protected (National Park Gesäuse) and non-protected areas (Johnsbachtal). Although the main research focus of the
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GLC_FCS30D: the first global 30 m land-cover dynamics monitoring product with a fine classification system for the period from 1985 to 2022 generated using dense-time-series Landsat imagery and the continuous change-detection method Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Xiao Zhang, Tingting Zhao, Hong Xu, Wendi Liu, Jinqing Wang, Xidong Chen, Liangyun Liu
Abstract. Land-cover change has been identified as an important cause or driving force of global climate change and is a significant research topic. Over the past few decades, global land-cover mapping has progressed; however, long-time-series global land-cover-change monitoring data are still sparse, especially those at 30 m resolution. In this study, we describe GLC_FCS30D, a novel global 30 m land-cover
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An observational network of ground surface temperature under different land-cover types on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Raul-David Şerban, Huijun Jin, Mihaela Şerban, Giacomo Bertoldi, Dongliang Luo, Qingfeng Wang, Qiang Ma, Ruixia He, Xiaoying Jin, Xinze Li, Jianjun Tang, Hongwei Wang
Abstract. Ground surface temperature (GST), measured at approximately 5 cm in depth, is a key controlling parameter for subsurface biophysical processes at the land–atmosphere boundary. This work presents a valuable dataset of GST observations at various spatial scales in the Headwater Area of the Yellow River (HAYR), a representative area of high-plateau permafrost on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet
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DINOSTRAT version 2.1-GTS2020 Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Peter K. Bijl
Abstract. DINOSTRAT version 2.1-GTS2020 is now available (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10506652, Bijl et al., 2024b). This version updates DINOSTRAT to the Geologic Time Scale 2020, and new publications are added into the database. The resulting database now contains over 9450 entries from 209 sites. This update has not led to major and profound changes in the conclusions made previously. DINOSTRAT
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Systematically tracking the hourly progression of large wildfires using GOES satellite observations Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Tianjia Liu, James T. Randerson, Yang Chen, Douglas C. Morton, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Padhraic Smyth, Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, Roy Nadler, Omer Nevo
Abstract. In the western United States, prolonged drought, a warming climate, and historical fuel buildup have contributed to larger and more intense wildfires as well as to longer fire seasons. As these costly wildfires become more common, new tools and methods are essential for improving our understanding of the evolution of fires and how extreme weather conditions, including heat waves, windstorms
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A regolith lead isoscape of Australia Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Candan U. Desem, Patrice de Caritat, Jon Woodhead, Roland Maas, Graham Carr
Abstract. We present the first national-scale lead (Pb) isotope maps of Australia based on surface regolith for five isotope ratios, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/206Pb, determined by single-collector sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after an ammonium acetate leach followed by aqua regia digestion. The dataset is underpinned principally by the
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A Lagrangian coherent eddy atlas for biogeochemical applications in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Alexandra E. Jones-Kellett, Michael J. Follows
Abstract. Mesoscale eddies affect phytoplankton in several ways, including the horizontal dispersal and mixing of populations. Coherent eddies trap and contain fluid masses, whereas other eddies mix more freely with surrounding waters. To evaluate the role of lateral dispersal and trapping on the biogeochemical properties of eddies, we must accurately characterize their coherency. We employed a Lagrangian
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Air pollution emission inventory using national high-resolution spatial parameters for the Nordic countries and analysis of PM2.5 spatial distribution for road transport and machinery and off-road sectors Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Ville-Veikko Paunu, Niko Karvosenoja, David Segersson, Susana López-Aparicio, Ole-Kenneth Nielsen, Marlene Schmidt Plejdrup, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Dam Thanh Vo, Jeroen Kuenen, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Jørgen Brandt, Camilla Geels
Abstract. Air pollution is an important cause of adverse health effects, even in the Nordic countries, which have relatively good air quality. Modelling-based air quality assessment of the health impacts relies on reliable model estimates of ambient air pollution concentrations, which furthermore rely on good-quality spatially resolved emission data. While quantitative emission estimates are the cornerstone
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The temporal and genomic scale of selection following hybridization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jeffrey S. Groh, Graham Coop
Genomic evidence supports an important role for selection in shaping patterns of introgression along the genome, but frameworks for understanding the evolutionary dynamics within hybrid populations that underlie these patterns have been lacking. Due to the clock-like effect of recombination in hybrids breaking up parental haplotypes, drift and selection produce predictable patterns of ancestry variation
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Frequent winners explain apparent skewness preferences in experience-based decisions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Sebastian Olschewski, Mikhail S. Spektor, Gaël Le Mens
Do people’s attitudes toward the (a)symmetry of an outcome distribution affect their choices? Financial investors seek return distributions with frequent small returns but few large ones, consistent with leading models of choice in economics and finance that assume right-skewed preferences. In contrast, many experiments in which decision-makers learn about choice options through experience find the
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Dependence on relative humidity in the formation of reactive oxygen species in water droplets Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Mohammad Mofidfar, Masoud A. Mehrgardi, Yu Xia, Richard N. Zare
Water microdroplets (7 to 11 µm average diameter, depending on flow rate) are sprayed in a closed chamber at ambient temperature, whose relative humidity (RH) is controlled. The resulting concentration of ROS (reactive oxygen species) formed in the microdroplets, measured by the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), is determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and by spectrofluorimetric assays
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Transcription-induced active forces suppress chromatin motion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Sucheol Shin, Guang Shi, Hyun Woo Cho, D. Thirumalai
The organization of interphase chromosomes in a number of species is starting to emerge thanks to advances in a variety of experimental techniques. However, much less is known about the dynamics, especially in the functional states of chromatin. Some experiments have shown that the motility of individual loci in human interphase chromosome decreases during transcription and increases upon inhibiting
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Photo-neuro-immuno-endocrinology: How the ultraviolet radiation regulates the body, brain, and immune system Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Radomir M. Slominski, Jake Y. Chen, Chander Raman, Andrzej T. Slominski
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is primarily recognized for its detrimental effects such as cancerogenesis, skin aging, eye damage, and autoimmune disorders. With exception of ultraviolet B (UVB) requirement in the production of vitamin D3, the positive role of UVR in modulation of homeostasis is underappreciated. Skin exposure to UVR triggers local responses secondary to the induction of chemical, hormonal
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A redox switch allows binding of Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in the cyanobacterial iron-binding protein FutA from Prochlorococcus Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Rachel Bolton, Moritz M. Machelett, Jack Stubbs, Danny Axford, Nicolas Caramello, Lucrezia Catapano, Martin Malý, Matthew J. Rodrigues, Charlotte Cordery, Graham J. Tizzard, Fraser MacMillan, Sylvain Engilberge, David von Stetten, Takehiko Tosha, Hiroshi Sugimoto, Jonathan A. R. Worrall, Jeremy S. Webb, Mike Zubkov, Simon Coles, Eric Mathieu, Roberto A. Steiner, Garib Murshudov, Tobias E. Schrader
The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is a main contributor to global photosynthesis, whilst being limited by iron availability. Cyanobacterial genomes generally encode two different types of FutA iron-binding proteins: periplasmic FutA2 ABC transporter subunits bind Fe(III), while cytosolic FutA1 binds Fe(II). Owing to their small size and their economized genome Prochlorococcus ecotypes typically
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KCTD10 regulates brain development by destabilizing brain disorder–associated protein KCTD13 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jianbo Cheng, Zhen Wang, Manpei Tang, Wen Zhang, Guozhong Li, Senwei Tan, Chenjun Mu, Mengyuan Hu, Dan Zhang, Xiangbin Jia, Yangxuan Wen, Hui Guo, Dan Xu, Liang Liu, Jiada Li, Kun Xia, Faxiang Li, Ranhui Duan, Zhiheng Xu, Ling Yuan
KCTD10 belongs to the KCTD (potassiumchannel tetramerization domain) family, many members of which are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the biological function underlying the association with brain disorders remains to be explored. Here, we reveal that Kctd10 is highly expressed in neuronal progenitors and layer V neurons throughout brain development. Kctd10 deficiency triggers
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A minimal physical model for curvotaxis driven by curved protein complexes at the cell’s leading edge Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Raj Kumar Sadhu, Marine Luciano, Wang Xi, Cristina Martinez-Torres, Marcel Schröder, Christoph Blum, Marco Tarantola, Stefano Villa, Samo Penič, Aleš Iglič, Carsten Beta, Oliver Steinbock, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Benoît Ladoux, Sylvain Gabriele, Nir S. Gov
Cells often migrate on curved surfaces inside the body, such as curved tissues, blood vessels, or highly curved protrusions of other cells. Recent in vitro experiments provide clear evidence that motile cells are affected by the curvature of the substrate on which they migrate, preferring certain curvatures to others, termed “curvotaxis.” The origin and underlying mechanism that gives rise to this
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Changes in spatial self-consciousness elicit grid cell–like representation in the entorhinal cortex Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Hyuk-June Moon, Louis Albert, Emanuela De Falco, Corentin Tasu, Baptiste Gauthier, Hyeong-Dong Park, Olaf Blanke
Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex (EC) encode an individual’s location in space, integrating both environmental and multisensory bodily cues. Notably, body-derived signals are also primary signals for the sense of self. While studies have demonstrated that continuous application of visuo-tactile bodily stimuli can induce perceptual shifts in self-location, it remains unexplored whether these illusory
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Heterogeneous elasticity drives ripening and controls bursting kinetics of transcriptional condensates Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Lingyu Meng, Sheng Mao, Jie Lin
Many biomolecular condensates, including transcriptional condensates, are formed in elastic mediums. In this work, we study the nonequilibrium condensate dynamics in a chromatin-like environment modeled as a heterogeneous elastic medium. We demonstrate that the ripening process in such an elastic medium exhibits a temporal power-law scaling of the average condensate radius, depending on the local stiffness
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A global gridded dataset for cloud vertical structure from combined CloudSat and CALIPSO observations Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Leah Bertrand, Jennifer E. Kay, John Haynes, Gijs de Boer
Abstract. The vertical structure of clouds has a profound effect on the global energy budget, the global circulation, and the atmospheric hydrological cycle. The CloudSat and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) missions have taken complementary, colocated observations of cloud vertical structure for over a decade. However, no globally gridded dataset is available
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GPS displacement dataset for the study of elastic surface mass variations Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Athina Peidou, Donald F. Argus, Felix W. Landerer, David N. Wiese, Matthias Ellmer
Abstract. Quantification of uncertainty in surface mass change signals derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements poses challenges, especially when dealing with large datasets with continental or global coverage. We present a new GPS station displacement dataset that reflects surface mass load signals and their uncertainties. We assess the structure and quantify the uncertainty of vertical
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A global estimate of monthly vegetation and soil fractions from spatiotemporally adaptive spectral mixture analysis during 2001–2022 Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Qiangqiang Sun, Ping Zhang, Xin Jiao, Xin Lin, Wenkai Duan, Su Ma, Qidi Pan, Lu Chen, Yongxiang Zhang, Shucheng You, Shunxi Liu, Jinmin Hao, Hong Li, Danfeng Sun
Abstract. Multifaceted regime shifts of Earth's surface are ongoing dramatically and – in turn – considerably alter the global carbon budget, energy balance and biogeochemical cycles. Sustainably managing terrestrial ecosystems necessitates a deeper comprehension of the diverse and dynamic nature of multicomponent information within these environments. However, comprehensive records of global-scale
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Imputation of missing IPCC AR6 data on land carbon sequestration Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Ruben Prütz, Sabine Fuss, Joeri Rogelj
Abstract. The AR6 Scenario Database is a vital repository of climate change mitigation pathways used in the latest IPCC assessment cycle. In its current version, several scenarios in the database lack information about the level of gross carbon removal on land, as net and gross removals on land are not always separated and consistently reported across models. This makes scenario analyses focusing on
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HUST-Grace2024: a new GRACE-only gravity field time series based on more than 20 years satellite geodesy data and a hybrid processing chain Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Hao Zhou, Lijun Zheng, Yaozong Li, Xiang Guo, Zebing Zhou, Zhicai Luo
Abstract. To improve the accuracy of monthly temporal gravity field models for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission, a new series named HUST-Grace2024 is determined based on the updated L1B dataset (GRACE L1B RL03 & GRACE-FO L1B RL04) and the newest atmosphere and ocean de-aliasing product (AOD1B RL07). Compared to the previous HUST temporal gravity
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SRF transcriptionally regulates the oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton during CNS myelination Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Tal Iram, Miguel A. Garcia, Jérémy Amand, Achint Kaur, Micaiah Atkins, Manasi Iyer, Mable Lam, Nicholas Ambiel, Danielle M. Jorgens, Andreas Keller, Tony Wyss-Coray, Fabian Kern, J. Bradley Zuchero
Myelination of neuronal axons is essential for nervous system development. Myelination requires dramatic cytoskeletal dynamics in oligodendrocytes, but how actin is regulated during myelination is poorly understood. We recently identified serum response factor (SRF)—a transcription factor known to regulate expression of actin and actin regulators in other cell types—as a critical driver of myelination
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Endogenous retrovirus HERVH-derived lncRNA UCA1 controls human trophoblast development Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Xuhui Kong, Ruiqi Li, Manqi Chen, Rongyan Zheng, Jichang Wang, Chuanbo Sun, Yuliang Qu
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are frequently reactivated in mammalian placenta. It has been proposed that ERVs contribute to shaping the gene regulatory network of mammalian trophoblasts, dominantly acting as species- and placental-specific enhancers. However, whether and how ERVs control human trophoblast development through alternative pathways remains poorly understood. Besides the well-recognized
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Molecular and structural basis of the dual regulation of the polycystin-2 ion channel by small-molecule ligands Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Zhifei Wang, Mengying Chen, Qiang Su, Tiago D. C. Morais, Yan Wang, Elianna Nazginov, Akhilraj R. Pillai, Feng Qian, Yigong Shi, Yong Yu
Mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes the polycystin-2 (PC2, also called TRPP2) protein, lead to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). As a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily, PC2 functions as a non-selective cation channel. The activation and regulation of the PC2 channel are largely unknown, and direct binding of small-molecule ligands to this
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Neuronal IL-17 controls Caenorhabditis elegans developmental diapause through CEP-1/p53 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Abhishiktha Godthi, Sehee Min, Srijit Das, Johnny Cruz-Corchado, Andrew Deonarine, Kara Misel-Wuchter, Priya D. Issuree, Veena Prahlad
During metazoan development, how cell division and metabolic programs are coordinated with nutrient availability remains unclear. Here, we show that nutrient availability signaled by the neuronal cytokine, ILC-17.1, switches Caenorhabditis elegans development between reproductive growth and dormancy by controlling the activity of the tumor suppressor p53 ortholog, CEP-1. Specifically, upon food availability
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Identification of a negative-strand RNA virus with natural plant and fungal hosts Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Ruoyin Dai, Shian Yang, Tianxing Pang, Mengyuan Tian, Hao Wang, Dong Zhang, Yunfeng Wu, Hideki Kondo, Ida Bagus Andika, Zhensheng Kang, Liying Sun
The presence of viruses that spread to both plant and fungal populations in nature has posed intriguingly scientific question. We found a negative-strand RNA virus related to members of the family Phenuiviridae , named Valsa mali negative-strand RNA virus 1 (VmNSRV1), which induced strong hypovirulence and was prevalent in a population of the phytopathogenic fungus of apple Valsa canker ( Valsa mali
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Network of epistatic interactions in an enzyme active site revealed by large-scale deep mutational scanning Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Allison Judge, Banumathi Sankaran, Liya Hu, Murugesan Palaniappan, André Birgy, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, Timothy Palzkill
Cooperative interactions between amino acids are critical for protein function. A genetic reflection of cooperativity is epistasis, which is when a change in the amino acid at one position changes the sequence requirements at another position. To assess epistasis within an enzyme active site, we utilized CTX-M β-lactamase as a model system. CTX-M hydrolyzes β-lactam antibiotics to provide antibiotic
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Distinct early role of PTEN regulation during HCMV infection of monocytes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Liudmila S. Chesnokova, Bailey S. Mosher, Heather L. Fulkerson, Hyung W. Nam, Akhalesh K. Shakya, Andrew D. Yurochko
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of monocytes is essential for viral dissemination and persistence. We previously identified that HCMV entry/internalization and subsequent productive infection of this clinically relevant cell type is distinct when compared to other infected cells. We showed that internalization and productive infection required activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
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Predation without direction selectivity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Jenna Krizan, Xiayingfang Song, Michael J. Fitzpatrick, Ning Shen, Florentina Soto, Daniel Kerschensteiner
Across the animal kingdom, visual predation relies on motion-sensing neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) and its orthologs. These neurons exhibit complex stimulus preferences, including direction selectivity, which is thought to be critical for tracking the unpredictable escape routes of prey. The source of direction selectivity in the SC is contested, and its contributions to predation have not
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Structural transitions modulate the chaperone activities of Grp94 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Yaa S. Amankwah, Yasmeen Fleifil, Erin Unruh, Preston Collins, Yi Wang, Katherine Vitou, Alison Bates, Ikponwmosa Obaseki, Meghana Sugoor, John Paul Alao, Robert M. McCarrick, Daniel T. Gewirth, Indra D. Sahu, Zihai Li, Gary. A. Lorigan, Andrea N. Kravats
Hsp90s are ATP-dependent chaperones that collaborate with co-chaperones and Hsp70s to remodel client proteins. Grp94 is the ER Hsp90 homolog essential for folding multiple secretory and membrane proteins. Grp94 interacts with the ER Hsp70, BiP, although the collaboration of the ER chaperones in protein remodeling is not well understood. Grp94 undergoes large-scale conformational changes that are coupled
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Large nonlinear optical magnetoelectric response in a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Kentaro Shoriki, Keigo Moriishi, Yoshihiro Okamura, Kohei Yokoi, Hidetomo Usui, Hiroshi Murakawa, Hideaki Sakai, Noriaki Hanasaki, Yoshinori Tokura, Youtarou Takahashi
Weyl semimetals resulting from either inversion ( P ) or time-reversal ( T ) symmetry breaking have been revealed to show the record-breaking large optical response due to intense Berry curvature of Weyl-node pairs. Different classes of Weyl semimetals with both P and T symmetry breaking potentially exhibit optical magnetoelectric (ME) responses, which are essentially distinct from the previously observed
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East Asian summer monsoon delivers large abundances of very-short-lived organic chlorine substances to the lower stratosphere Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Laura L. Pan, Elliot L. Atlas, Shawn B. Honomichl, Warren P. Smith, Douglas E. Kinnison, Susan Solomon, Michelle L. Santee, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Johannes C. Laube, Bin Wang, Rei Ueyama, James F. Bresch, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Eric C. Apel, Alan J. Hills, Victoria Treadaway, Katie Smith, Sue Schauffler, Stephen Donnelly, Roger Hendershot, Richard Lueb, Teresa Campos, Silvia Viciani, Francesco D’Amato
Deep convection in the Asian summer monsoon is a significant transport process for lifting pollutants from the planetary boundary layer to the tropopause level. This process enables efficient injection into the stratosphere of reactive species such as chlorinated very-short-lived substances (Cl-VSLSs) that deplete ozone. Past studies of convective transport associated with the Asian summer monsoon
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On-the-fly Raman microscopy guaranteeing the accuracy of discrimination Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Koji Tabata, Hiroyuki Kawagoe, J. Nicholas Taylor, Kentaro Mochizuki, Toshiki Kubo, Jean-Emmanuel Clement, Yasuaki Kumamoto, Yoshinori Harada, Atsuyoshi Nakamura, Katsumasa Fujita, Tamiki Komatsuzaki
Accelerating the measurement for discrimination of samples, such as classification of cell phenotype, is crucial when faced with significant time and cost constraints. Spontaneous Raman microscopy offers label-free, rich chemical information but suffers from long acquisition time due to extremely small scattering cross-sections. One possible approach to accelerate the measurement is by measuring necessary
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Thermodynamic properties and enhancement of diamagnetism in nitrogen doped lutetium hydride synthesized at high pressure Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Yifeng Han, Yunbo Ou, Hualei Sun, Jan Kopaczek, Gerson J. Leonel, Xin Guo, Benjamin L. Brugman, Kurt Leinenweber, Hongwu Xu, Meng Wang, Sefaattin Tongay, Alexandra Navrotsky
Nitrogen doped lutetium hydride has drawn global attention in the pursuit of room-temperature superconductivity near ambient pressure and temperature. However, variable synthesis techniques and uncertainty surrounding nitrogen concentration have contributed to extensive debate within the scientific community about this material and its properties. We used a solid-state approach to synthesize nitrogen
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Structural insights reveal interplay between LAG-3 homodimerization, ligand binding, and function Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 John L. Silberstein, Jasper Du, Kun-Wei Chan, Jessica A. Frank, Irimpan I. Mathews, Yong Bin Kim, Jia You, Qiao Lu, Jia Liu, Elliot A. Philips, Phillip Liu, Eric Rao, Daniel Fernandez, Grayson E. Rodriguez, Xiang-Peng Kong, Jun Wang, Jennifer R. Cochran
Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on activated T cells and an emerging immunotherapy target. Domain 1 (D1) of LAG-3, which has been purported to directly interact with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) and fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1), has been the major focus for the development of therapeutic antibodies that inhibit LAG-3 receptor-ligand
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a target of the tumor-suppressor E3 ligase FBXW7 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Matteo Boretto, Maarten H. Geurts, Shashank Gandhi, Ziliang Ma, Nadzeya Staliarova, Martina Celotti, Sangho Lim, Gui-Wei He, Rosemary Millen, Else Driehuis, Harry Begthel, Lidwien Smabers, Jeanine Roodhart, Johan van Es, Wei Wu, Hans Clevers
FBXW7 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for proteasome-mediated degradation and is mutated in various cancer types. Here, we use CRISPR base editors to introduce different FBXW7 hotspot mutations in human colon organoids. Functionally, FBXW7 mutation reduces EGF dependency of organoid growth by ~10,000-fold. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed increased EGFR protein
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Connecting geology to ecology Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12
Understanding the ecosystem response to global environmental change requires consideration of geological processes, highlighting the interconnected nature of our Earth system.
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Early Jurassic large igneous province carbon emissions are constrained by sedimentary mercury Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12
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Remnants of shifting early Cenozoic Pacific lower mantle flow imaged beneath the Philippine Sea Plate Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Jianke Fan, Dapeng Zhao, Cuilin Li, Lijun Liu, Dongdong Dong
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Metazoan zooplankton in the Bay of Biscay: a 16-year record of individual sizes and abundances obtained using the ZooScan and ZooCAM imaging systems Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Nina Grandremy, Paul Bourriau, Edwin Daché, Marie-Madeleine Danielou, Mathieu Doray, Christine Dupuy, Bertrand Forest, Laetitia Jalabert, Martin Huret, Sophie Le Mestre, Antoine Nowaczyk, Pierre Petitgas, Philippe Pineau, Justin Rouxel, Morgan Tardivel, Jean-Baptiste Romagnan
Abstract. This paper presents two metazoan zooplankton datasets obtained by imaging samples collected on the Bay of Biscay continental shelf in spring during the PELGAS (PELagique GAScogne) integrated surveys over the 2004–2019 period. The samples were collected at night with a 200 µm mesh-size WP2 net fitted with a Hydrobios (back-run stop) mechanical flowmeter and hauled vertically from the sea floor
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Global datasets of hourly carbon and water fluxes simulated using a satellite-based process model with dynamic parameterizations Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jiye Leng, Jing M. Chen, Wenyu Li, Xiangzhong Luo, Mingzhu Xu, Jane Liu, Rong Wang, Cheryl Rogers, Bolun Li, Yulin Yan
Abstract. Diagnostic terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) forced by remote sensing observations have been a principal tool for providing benchmarks on global gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET). However, these models often estimate GPP and ET at coarse daily or monthly steps, hindering analysis of ecosystem dynamics at the diurnal (hourly) scales, and prescribe some essential
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A revised marine fossil record of the Mediterranean before and after the Messinian Salinity Crisis Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Konstantina Agiadi, Niklas Hohmann, Elsa Gliozzi, Danae Thivaiou, Francesca Bosellini, Marco Taviani, Giovanni Bianucci, Alberto Collareta, Laurent Londeix, Costanza Faranda, Francesca Bulian, Efterpi Koskeridou, Francesca Lozar, Alan Maria Mancini, Stefano Dominici, Pierre Moissette, Ildefonso Bajo Campos, Enrico Borghi, George Iliopoulos, Assimina Antonarakou, George Kontakiotis, Evangelia Besiou
Abstract. The Messinian Salinity Crisis and its precursor events have been the greatest environmental perturbation of the Mediterranean Sea to date, offering an opportunity to study the response of marine ecosystems to extreme hydrological change and a large-scale biological invasion. The restriction of the marine connection between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean already since the Tortonian–Messinian
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Multiple retinal isomerizations during the early phase of the bestrhodopsin photoreaction Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Spyridon Kaziannis, Matthias Broser, Ivo H. M. van Stokkum, Jakub Dostal, Wayne Busse, Arno Munhoven, Cesar Bernardo, Miroslav Kloz, Peter Hegemann, John T. M. Kennis
Bestrhodopsins constitute a class of light-regulated pentameric ion channels that consist of one or two rhodopsins in tandem fused with bestrophin ion channel domains. Here, we report on the isomerization dynamics in the rhodopsin tandem domains of Phaeocystis antarctica bestrhodopsin, which binds all-trans retinal Schiff-base (RSB) absorbing at 661 nm and, upon illumination, converts to the meta-stable
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RN7SL1 may be translated under oncogenic conditions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Tomoaki Hara, Sikun Meng, Yoshiko Tsuji, Yasuko Arao, Yoshiko Saito, Hiromichi Sato, Daisuke Motooka, Shizuka Uchida, Hideshi Ishii
RN7SL1 (RNA component of signal recognition particle 7SL1), a component of the signal recognition particle, is a non-coding RNA possessing a small ORF (smORF). However, whether it is translated into peptides is unknown. Here, we generated the RN7SL1-Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene, in which the smORF of RN7SL1 was replaced by GFP, introduced it into 293T cells, and observed cells emitting GFP
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A type I interferon regulatory network for human plasmacytoid dendritic cells based on heparin, membrane-bound and soluble BDCA-2 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Francisco Venegas-Solis, Laura Staliunaite, Elisa Rudolph, Carina Chan-Song Münch, Philipp Yu, Sven-A. Freibert, Takahiro Maeda, Christine L. Zimmer, Christian Möbs, Christian Keller, Andreas Kaufmann, Stefan Bauer
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) produce type I interferons (IFNs) after sensing viral/bacterial RNA or DNA by toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 or TLR9, respectively. However, aberrant pDCs activation can cause adverse effects on the host and contributes to the pathogenesis of type I IFN-related autoimmune diseases. Here, we show that heparin interacts with the human pDCs-specific blood dendritic cell
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Grain boundary plasticity initiated by excess volume Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Qi Zhu, Qingkun Zhao, Qishan Huang, Yingbin Chen, Subra Suresh, Wei Yang, Ze Zhang, Haofei Zhou, Huajian Gao, Jiangwei Wang
Grain boundaries (GBs) serve not only as strong barriers to dislocation motion, but also as important carriers to accommodate plastic deformation in crystalline solids. During deformation, the inherent excess volume associated with loose atomic packing in GBs brings about a microscopic degree of freedom that can initiate GB plasticity, which is beyond the classic geometric description of GBs. However
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Absence of chromosome axis protein recruitment prevents meiotic recombination chromosome-wide in the budding yeast Lachancea kluyveri Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Sylvain Legrand, Asma Saifudeen, Hélène Bordelet, Julien Vernerey, Arnaud Guille, Amaury Bignaud, Agnès Thierry, Laurent Acquaviva, Maxime Gaudin, Aurore Sanchez, Dominic Johnson, Anne Friedrich, Joseph Schacherer, Matthew J. Neale, Valérie Borde, Romain Koszul, Bertrand Llorente
Meiotic recombination shows broad variations across species and along chromosomes and is often suppressed at and around genomic regions determining sexual compatibility such as mating type loci in fungi. Here, we show that the absence of Spo11-DSBs and meiotic recombination on Lakl0C-left, the chromosome arm containing the sex locus of the Lachancea kluyveri budding yeast, results from the absence
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Harmonizing the cyano-group and Na to enhance selective photocatalytic O 2 activation on carbon nitride for refractory pollutant degradation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Mingkai Xu, Ruizhao Wang, Haoyang Fu, Yanbiao Shi, Lan Ling
Manipulating exciton dissociation and charge-carrier transfer processes to selectively generate free radicals of more robust photocatalytic oxidation capacity for mineralizing refractory pollutants remains challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy by simultaneously introducing the cyano-group and Na into graphitic carbon nitride (CN) to obtain CN-Cy-Na, which makes the charge-carrier transfer pathways
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A tale of two topological isomers: Uptuning [Fe IV (O)(Me 4 cyclam)] 2+ for olefin epoxidation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Bittu Chandra, Faiza Ahsan, Yuan Sheng, Marcel Swart, Lawrence Que
TMC- anti and TMC- syn, the two topological isomers of [Fe IV (O)(TMC)(CH 3 CN)] 2+ (TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, or Me 4 cyclam), differ in the orientations of their Fe IV =O units relative to the four methyl groups of the TMC ligand framework. The Fe IV =O unit of TMC- anti points away from the four methyl groups, while that of TMC- syn is surrounded by the methyl
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4D microvelocimetry reveals multiphase flow field perturbations in porous media Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Tom Bultreys, Sharon Ellman, Christian M. Schlepütz, Matthieu N. Boone, Gülce Kalyoncu Pakkaner, Shan Wang, Mostafa Borji, Stefanie Van Offenwert, Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi, Wannes Goethals, Chandra Widyananda Winardhi, Veerle Cnudde
Many environmental and industrial processes depend on how fluids displace each other in porous materials. However, the flow dynamics that govern this process are still poorly understood, hampered by the lack of methods to measure flows in optically opaque, microscopic geometries. We introduce a 4D microvelocimetry method based on high-resolution X-ray computed tomography with fast imaging rates (up
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Interpreting chemisorption strength with AutoML-based feature deletion experiments Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Zhuo Li, Changquan Zhao, Haikun Wang, Yanqing Ding, Yechao Chen, Philippe Schwaller, Ke Yang, Cheng Hua, Yulian He
The chemisorption energy of reactants on a catalyst surface, E ads , is among the most informative characteristics of understanding and pinpointing the optimal catalyst. The intrinsic complexity of catalyst surfaces and chemisorption reactions presents significant difficulties in identifying the pivotal physical quantities determining E ads . In response to this, the study proposes a methodology, the
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Balance and imbalance in biogeochemical cycles reflect the operation of closed, exchange, and open sets Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Preston Cosslett Kemeny, Mark A. Torres, Woodward W. Fischer, Clara L. Blättler
Biogeochemical reactions modulate the chemical composition of the oceans and atmosphere, providing feedbacks that sustain planetary habitability over geological time. Here, we mathematically evaluate a suite of biogeochemical processes to identify combinations of reactions that stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide by balancing fluxes of chemical species among the ocean, atmosphere, and geosphere. Unlike
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Predictive phage therapy for Escherichia coli urinary tract infections: Cocktail selection for therapy based on machine learning models Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Marianne Keith, Alba Park de la Torriente, Antonia Chalka, Adriana Vallejo-Trujillo, Sean P. McAteer, Gavin K. Paterson, Alison S. Low, David L. Gally
This study supports the development of predictive bacteriophage (phage) therapy: the concept of phage cocktail selection to treat a bacterial infection based on machine learning (ML) models. For this purpose, ML models were trained on thousands of measured interactions between a panel of phage and sequenced bacterial isolates. The concept was applied to Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract
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H 2 S preconditioning induces long-lived perturbations in O 2 metabolism Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 David A. Hanna, Jutta Diessl, Arkajit Guha, Roshan Kumar, Anthony Andren, Costas Lyssiotis, Ruma Banerjee
Hydrogen sulfide exposure in moderate doses can induce profound but reversible hypometabolism in mammals. At a cellular level, H 2 S inhibits the electron transport chain (ETC), augments aerobic glycolysis, and glutamine-dependent carbon utilization via reductive carboxylation; however, the durability of these changes is unknown. We report that despite its volatility, H 2 S preconditioning increases
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Unsupervised identification of significant lineages of SARS-CoV-2 through scalable machine learning methods Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Roberto Cahuantzi, Katrina A. Lythgoe, Ian Hall, Lorenzo Pellis, Thomas House
Since its emergence in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has diversified into a large number of lineages and caused multiple waves of infection globally. Novel lineages have the potential to spread rapidly and internationally if they have higher intrinsic transmissibility and/or can evade host immune responses, as has been seen with the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern. They can also cause increased
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High-throughput measurement of elastic moduli of microfibers by rope coiling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Yuan Liu, Jack H. Y. Lo, Janine K. Nunes, Howard A. Stone, Ho Cheung Shum
There are many fields where it is of interest to measure the elastic moduli of tiny fragile fibers, such as filamentous bacteria, actin filaments, DNA, carbon nanotubes, and functional microfibers. The elastic modulus is typically deduced from a sophisticated tensile test under a microscope, but the throughput is low and limited by the time-consuming and skill-intensive sample loading/unloading. Here
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Late Pleistocene emergence of an anthropogenic fire regime in Australia’s tropical savannahs Nat. Geosci. (IF 18.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Michael I. Bird, Michael Brand, Rainy Comley, Xiao Fu, Xennephone Hadeen, Zenobia Jacobs, Cassandra Rowe, Christopher M. Wurster, Costijn Zwart, Corey J. A. Bradshaw
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Mapping of sea ice concentration using the NASA NIMBUS 5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer data from 1972–1977 Earth Syst. Sci. Data (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Wiebke Margitta Kolbe, Rasmus T. Tonboe, Julienne Stroeve
Abstract. The Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) instrument onboard the NIMBUS 5 satellite was a one-channel microwave radiometer that measured the 19.35 GHz horizontally polarized brightness temperature (TB) from 11 December 1972 to 16 May 1977. The original tape archive data in swath projection have recently been made available online by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information