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Disentangling magnetic and environmental signatures of sedimentary 10Be/9Be records Quat. Sci. Rev. (IF 3.803) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Tatiana Savranskaia; Ramon Egli; Jean-Pierre Valet; Franck Bassinot; Laure Meynadier; Didier L. Bourlès; Quentin Simon; Nicolas Thouveny
Reconstructions of the global production rate of the cosmogenic isotope 10Be from sedimentary records of authigenic 10Be/9Be ratios have been successfully used to obtain independent estimates of geomagnetic dipole moment variations caused by field excursions or reversals. In this study, we assess the reliability of 10Be/9Be as a proxy for the cosmogenic 10Be production rate by evaluating two potential
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Late Quaternary tephrostratigraphy and cryptotephrostratigraphy of core MD012422: Improving marine tephrostratigraphy of the NW Pacific Quat. Sci. Rev. (IF 3.803) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Tabito Matsu’ura; Minoru Ikehara; Tatsuyuki Ueno
We investigated the deep-sea sedimentary sequence of core MD012422 corresponding to the last 350 ka (since marine isotopic stage, MIS 10) from off Shikoku Island, NW Pacific Ocean, and refined its tephrostratigraphy. We detected many tephras and cryptotephras and correlated them with terrestrial tephras on the basis of the major- and trace-element compositions of their glass shards. Then we cross-checked
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The first continuous late Pleistocene tephra record from Kamchatka Peninsula (NW Pacific) and its volcanological and paleogeographic implications Quat. Sci. Rev. (IF 3.803) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Vera Ponomareva; I. Florin Pendea; Egor Zelenin; Maxim Portnyagin; Natalia Gorbach; Maria Pevzner; Anastasia Plechova; Alexander Derkachev; Alexey Rogozin; Dieter Garbe-Schönberg
The Kamchatka volcanic arc (NW Pacific) is one of the most productive arcs in the world, known for its highly explosive activity. At the same time, the Kamchatkan record of late Pleistocene explosive eruptions has remained fragmentary. Here we present the first continuous record of Kamchatkan explosive activity between ∼12 and 30 ka, which includes ∼70 eruptions and extends the earlier reconstructed
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Carbon isotope constraints on glacial Atlantic meridional overturning: Strength vs depth Quat. Sci. Rev. (IF 3.803) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Juan Muglia; Andreas Schmittner
Despite its importance for climate and the carbon cycle, the deep ocean circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains poorly understood. Whereas most studies suggest a shallower Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) than at present day, there is disagreement about its transport rate, with estimates ranging from stronger to weaker than today. Older deep ocean radiocarbon ages
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Assessing land use and land cover change in Los Molinos reservoir watershed and the effect on the reservoir water quality J. South Am. Earth Sci. (IF 1.704) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Matias Bonansea; Raquel Bazán; Alba Germán; Anabella Ferral; Giuliana Beltramone; Ana Cossavella; Lucio Pinotti
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Paleoecologic trends of Devonian Malvinokaffric fauna from the Paraná Basin as evidenced by trace fossils J. South Am. Earth Sci. (IF 1.704) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Daniel Sedorko; Renata Guimarães Netto; Sandro Marcelo Scheffler; Rodrigo Scalise Horodyski; Elvio Pinto Bosetti; Renato Pirani Ghilardi; Paula Mendlowicz Mauller; Mateus Rodrigues de Vargas; Roberto Videira-Santos; Rafael Costa da Silva; Lucinei Myzynski-Junior
The Malvinokaffric Realm is an endemic paleogeographic region that inhabited Gondwanan high latitude seas during Early-Middle Devonian times. The causes for the collapse of this fauna are still debated but seem to be related to a transgressive event during Middle Devonian in the Chaco and Paraná basins in Bolivia and Brazil, which probably generated warmer water currents into the seas bearing Malvinokaffric
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Mexican Upper Cretaceous rudists (Hippuritida, Bivalvia): Taxonomic, stratigraphic, and geologic data J. South Am. Earth Sci. (IF 1.704) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Jose Maria Pons; Pedro García-Barrera; Angélica Oviedo; Enric Vicens
Analysis of seventy published papers dealing with Mexican Upper Cretaceous rudists, together with consultation of the newest geological maps covering the areas with mentioned rudist fossil localities, evidenced that: a) several among the Turonian-Maastrichtian species mentioned are junior synonymies, nomen nudum, insufficiently described, or have untraceable types. According to modern standards, around
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Zircon U–Pb geochronology of Paleoproterozoic Statherian intraplate A-Type magmatic associations of the Lagoa Real Uranium Province, São Francisco Craton (Bahia, Brazil) J. South Am. Earth Sci. (IF 1.704) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Lucas Eustáquio Dias Amorim; Francisco Javier Rios; Monica Elizetti Freitas; Kathryn Cutts; Mauro Cesár Geraldes; Ariela Costa Diniz; Evando Carele de Matos
The Lagoa Real Complex, in the Lagoa Real Uranium Province, is a manifestation of extensive intraplate A-type magmatism that occurred in the São Francisco Craton during the Paleoproterozoic. U–Pb dating of zircon by LA-MC-ICP-MS shows that granites were emplaced during a Statherian, rift-related, 1.76–1.72 Ga magmatic episode, coeval with emplacement of the A-type Borrachudos suite and felsic metavolcanic
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An assemblage of large-sized insect traces in paleosols from the middle miocene of northern Patagonia related to the climatic optimum J. South Am. Earth Sci. (IF 1.704) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 M. Victoria Sánchez; Eduardo S. Bellosi; Jorge F. Genise; Alejandro Kramarz; Laura C. Sarzetti
A new assemblage of large insect trace fossils is recognized in paleosols of the middle Miocene pyroclastic deposits from extra-Andean north Patagonia. This assemblage includes Racemusichnus jacobacciensis igen. isp. nov., the largest trace fossil in paleosols attributed to solitary insects. R. jacobacciensis is represented by clusters of two to seven thickly walled cylinders horizontally orientated
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Geochemistry and provenance of the metasedimentary rocks surrounding the Santa Quitéria magmatic arc, NE Brazil: Tectonic and paleogeographic implications for the assembly of West Gondwana Precambrian. Res. (IF 4.427) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Luiza de Carvalho Mendes; Ticiano José Saraiva dos Santos; Nádia Borges Gomes
Western Gondwana resulted from the closure of the Pharusian-Goianides Ocean, a process that culminated in the formation of magmatic arcs, high and ultra-high-pressure (HP-UHP) belts, and sedimentary basins. These tectonic units occur in the NW part of the Borborema Province (Northeastern Brazil), which encloses the Neoproterozoic Santa Quitéria magmatic arc (SQMA). Metasedimentary rocks (sillimanite-
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Geopotential evidence of a missing lithospheric root beneath the eastern Indian shield: An integrated approach Precambrian. Res. (IF 4.427) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 A.P. Singh; Niraj Kumar; B. Nageswara Rao; V.M. Tiwari
The eastern Indian shield consists of Archaean Singhbhum Craton and Proterozoic Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex sandwiching the Singhbhum Mobile Belt. Since the cratonization of the Singhbhum Craton in Archaean, the growth of the eastern Indian shield took place in time and space through tectono-magmatic processes. The stability of cold and thick lithosphere is fundamental to long-term survival of cratons
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Tectonically-induced strontium isotope changes in ancient restricted seas: The case of the Ediacaran-Cambrian Bambuí foreland basin system, east Brazil Gondwana Res. (IF 6.174) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Cristian Guacaneme; Marly Babinski; Carolina Bedoya-Rueda; Gustavo M. Paula-Santos; Sergio Caetano-Filho; Matheus Kuchenbecker; Humberto L.S. Reis; Ricardo I.F. Trindade
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Modeling the multi-level plumbing system of the Changbaishan caldera from geochemical, mineralogical, Sr-Nd isotopic and integrated geophysical data Geosci. Front. (IF 4.202) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 Jian Yi; Pujun Wang; Xuanlong Shan; Guido Ventura; Chengzhi Wu; Jiannan Guo; Pencheng Liu; Jiahui Li
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Pliocene-Pleistocene stability of the Queen Creek drainage in the Basin and Range Province, eastern Phoenix metropolitan area, Central Arizona Geomorphology (IF 3.819) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Steven J. Skotnicki; Brian F. Gootee; Yeong Bae Seong
Queen Creek exemplifies a moderately-sized tributary drainage of the Salt River, central Arizona, USA. In contrast to the exoreic Salt River and its immediate neighbor to the south, the exoreic Gila River, Queen Creek has remained an ephemeral stream, losing its discharge as it debauched from its mountain drainage basin throughout the late Pliocene and Quaternary. As a result, only the largest discharge
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Quaternary landscape evolution in a tectonically active rift basin (paleo-lake Mweru, south-central Africa) Geomorphology (IF 3.819) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Spiros Olivotos; Samuel Niedermann; Tyrel Flügel; Vasiliki Mouslopoulou; Silke Merchel; Fenton Cotterill; Bodo Bookhagen; Andreas Gärtner; Georg Rugel; Andreas Scharf; Marie-Josée Nadeau; Régis Braucher; Martin Seiler
Located between the Northern Province of Zambia and the southeastern Katanga Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lakes Mweru and Mweru Wantipa are part of the southwest extension of the East African Rift System (EARS). Fault analysis reveals that, since the Miocene, movements along the active Mweru-Mweru Wantipa Fault System (MMFS) have been largely responsible for the reorganization of the
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Early Miocene Exhumation of High-Pressure Rocks in the Himalaya: A Response to Reduced India-Asia Convergence Velocity Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Giridas Maiti; Nibir Mandal
Low-viscosity channel flow, originating from a melt-weakened mid-crustal layer, is one of the most popular tectonic models to explain the exhumation of deep-seated rocks in the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS). The driving mechanism of such channel flow, generally attributed to focused erosion in the mountain front, is still debated, and yet to be resolved. Moreover, the channel flow model cannot explain
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Controls on the Precipitation of Carbonate Minerals Within Marine Sediments Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Alexandra V. Turchyn; Harold J. Bradbury; Kathryn Walker; Xiaole Sun
The vast majority of carbonate minerals in modern marine sediments are biogenic, derived from the skeletal remains of organisms living in the ocean. However, carbonate minerals can also precipitate abiotically within marine sediments, and this carbonate mineral precipitation within sediments has been suggested as a third major, and isotopically distinct, sink in the global carbon cycle, particularly
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The Early Upper Paleolithic Site Crvenka-At, Serbia–The First Aurignacian Lowland Occupation Site in the Southern Carpathian Basin Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Janina J. Nett; Wei Chu; Peter Fischer; Ulrich Hambach; Nicole Klasen; Christian Zeeden; Igor Obreht; Lea Obrocki; Stephan Pötter; Milivoj B. Gavrilov; Andreas Vött; Dušan Mihailović; Slobodan B. Marković; Frank Lehmkuhl
The Carpathian Basin is a key region for understanding modern human expansion into western Eurasia during the Late Pleistocene because of numerous early hominid fossil find spots. However, the corresponding archeological record remains less understood due to a paucity of well dated, contextualized sites. To help rectify this, we excavated and sampled Crvenka-At (Serbia), one of the largest Upper Paleolithic
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Sensitivity of ENSO Simulation to the Convection Schemes in the NESM3 Climate System Model: Atmospheric Processes Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Libin Ma; Zijun Jiang
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most prominent climate system in the tropical Pacific. However, its simulation, including the amplitude, phase locking, and asymmetry of its two phases, is not well reproduced by the current climate system models. In this study, the sensitivity of the ENSO simulation to the convection schemes is discussed using the Nanjing University of Information Science
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QQuake, a QGIS Plugin for Loading Seismological Data From Web Services Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Mario Locati; Roberto Vallone; Matteo Ghetta; Nyall Dawson
An increasing number of web services providing convenient access to seismological data have become available in recent years. A huge effort at multiple levels was required to achieve this goal and the seismological community was engaged in the standardization of both data formats and web services. Although access to seismological data is much easier than in the past, users encounter problems because
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Stable Strontium Isotopic Compositions of River Water, Groundwater and Sediments From the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna River System in Bangladesh Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Toshihiro Yoshimura; Shigeyuki Wakaki; Hodaka Kawahata; H. M. Zakir Hossain; Takuya Manaka; Atsushi Suzuki; Tsuyoshi Ishikawa; Naohiko Ohkouchi
The Sr isotopic composition of rivers and groundwaters in the Bengal Plain is a major contributor to the global oceanic Sr inventory. The stable strontium isotope ratios (δ88Sr) provide a new tool to identify chemical weathering reactions in terrestrial water. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations of δ88Sr in samples of river water, bedload sediment, and groundwater collected
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Ultrafine Magnetic Particles: A DIET-Proxy in Organic Rich Sediments? Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 Andrea Teixeira Ustra; Carlos Mendonça; Aruã da Silva Leite; Melina Macouin; Rory Doherty; Marc Respaud; Giovana Tocuti
In this work we present results of the magnetic properties characterization of sediment samples from a brownfield site that is generating methane biogas in São Paulo–Brazil. We applied interpretation procedures (frequency dependent susceptibility and time-dependent Isothermal Remanent Magnetization) appropriate to study the ultrafine magnetic fraction response of the samples. The higher content of
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The Role of Crystal Accumulation and Cumulate Remobilization in the Formation of Large Zoned Ignimbrites: Insights From the Aso-4 Caldera-forming Eruption, Kyushu, Japan Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 Franziska Keller; Olivier Bachmann; Nobuo Geshi; Ayumu Miyakawa
The Aso-4 caldera-forming event (86.4 ± 1.1 ka, VEI-8) is the second largest volcanic eruption Earth experienced in the past 100 ka. The ignimbrite sheets produced during this event are some of the first ever described compositionally zoned pyroclastic flow deposits exhibiting clear compositional, mineralogical and thermal gradients with stratigraphic position. Large quantities of the deposits are
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Source Mechanism of Seismic Explosion Signals at Santiaguito Volcano, Guatemala: New Insights From Seismic Analysis and Numerical Modeling Front. Earth Sci. (IF 2.689) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 Alicia Rohnacher; Andreas Rietbrock; Ellen Gottschämmer; William Carter; Yan Lavallée; Silvio De Angelis; Jackie E. Kendrick; Gustavo Chigna
Volcanic activity at the Santiaguito dome complex (Guatemala) is characterized by lava extrusion interspersed with small, regular, gas-and-ash explosions that are believed to result from shallow magma fragmentation; yet, their triggering mechanisms remain debated. Given that the understanding of source processes at volcanoes is essential to risk assessments of future eruptions, this study seeks to
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ProLB: A Lattice Boltzmann Solver of Large‐Eddy Simulation for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. (IF 4.327) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 Yongliang Feng; Johann Miranda‐Fuentes; Shaolong Guo; Jérôme Jacob; Pierre Sagaut
A large‐eddy simulation tool is developed for simulating the dynamics of atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which is an alternative approach for computational fluid dynamics and proved to be very well suited for the simulation of low‐Mach flows. The equations of motion are coupled with the global complex physical models considering the coupling among several mechanisms
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Interactions of Asian mineral dust with Indian summer monsoon: Recent advances and challenges Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 9.724) Pub Date : 2021-02-21 Qinjian Jin; Jiangfeng Wei; William K.M. Lau; Bing Pu; Chien Wang
The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is one of the world’s strongest monsoon systems that brings about eighty percent of the annual rainfall to the Indian subcontinent and impacts the livelihood of more than a quarter of the world’s population. Meanwhile, Asia is the world’s second largest dust source—with major deserts in the Middle East, Central and East Asia. The interactions between the Asian dust and
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Fluids associated with carbonatitic magmatism: A critical review and implications for carbonatite magma ascent Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 9.724) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Benjamin F. Walter; R. Johannes Giebel; Matthew Steele-MacInnis; Michael A.W. Marks; Jochen Kolb; Gregor Markl
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Issue Information J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. (IF 4.327) Pub Date : 2021-02-26
No abstract is available for this article.
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Glimpses into Earth's history using a revised global sedimentary basin map Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 9.724) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Jonathan C. Evenick
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Evolution of paleo-climate and seawater pH from the late Permian to postindustrial periods recorded by boron isotopes and B/Ca in biogenic carbonates Earth Sci. Rev. (IF 9.724) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Hai-Zhen Wei; Yao Zhao; Xi Liu; Yi-Jing Wang; Fang Lei; Wen-Qian Wang; Yin-Chuan Li; Hua-Yu Lu
Cycling of CO2 between the oceans and the atmosphere has significant impacts on the global climate change. The accurate reconstructions of paleo-pH and atmospheric-oceanic carbon cycling using geochemical tracers (e.g., δ11B, B/Ca) in marine carbonates are reviewed in this work, including the fundamental mechanisms and the remaining challenges in these proxies and the progresses in understanding of
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Chromium isotope systematics and the diagenesis of marine carbonates Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. (IF 4.823) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Changle Wang; Christopher T. Reinhard; Kyle S. Rybacki; Dalton S. Hardisty; Frantz Ossa Ossa; Xiangli Wang; Axel Hofmann; Dan Asael; Leslie J. Robbins; Lianchang Zhang; Noah J. Planavsky
Stable chromium (Cr) isotopes have emerged as a new tool for tracking broad-scale changes in Earth's surface oxygen levels. Carbonates are one proposed sedimentary Cr isotope archive. In order to contribute to the development of a robust framework for interpreting carbonate Cr isotopic compositions and evaluating their ability to record the global redox state, we explored Cr isotope systematics of
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Seismic hazard of the western Makran subduction zone: Insight from mechanical modelling and inferred frictional properties Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. (IF 4.823) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Sepideh Pajang; Nadaya Cubas; Jean Letouzey; Laëtitia Le Pourhiet; Seyedmohsen Seyedali; Marc Fournier; Philippe Agard; Mohammad Mahdi Khatib; Mahmoudreza Heyhat; Mohammad Mokhtari
Western Makran is one of the few subduction zones left with a largely unconstrained seismogenic potential. According to the sparse GPS stations, the subduction is accumulating some strain to be released during future earthquakes. To enhance the seismic hazard assessment, we here propose to study the finite deformation of the western Makran accretionary wedge. Mechanical modelling is used to retrieve
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Comment on the paper “Characteristic time scales of decadal to centennial changes in global surface temperatures over the past 150 years “ by J.L. Le Mouël, F. Lopes and V. Courtillot First published: 14 October 2019 in Earth and Space Science Earth Space Sci. (IF 2.312) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Y. Cuypers; F. Codron; M. Crepon
Based on Singular Spectral Analysis (SSA) analysis of global earth surface temperature and solar activity (sun spots) Le Mouël et al (2019) suggest that the variability in Earth surface temperature observed since 1850 is natural and controlled by the Sun. We we cannot agree with their conclusions for several reasons: the lack of compelling results from the Fourier spectra and SSA estimates which are
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“Comment on the paper “ Characteristic time scales of decadal to centennial changes in global surface temperatures over the past 150 years “ by J.L. Le Mouël, F. Lopes and V. Courtillot”, Earth Space Sci. (IF 2.312) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Y. Cuypers; F. Codron; M. Crepon
We thank the authors (hereafter referred to as CCC) for providing us an opportunity to clarify some points of our original paper. CCC list in their abstract three "key points" that we respond to in this Reply. The first comment is the central one and the most developed. It deals mainly with discussion of features of methods of spectral analysis, mainly SSA. We have quoted the sub‐parts of that comment
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Carbonaceous Aerosol Characterization and Their Relationship with Meteorological Parameters during Summer Monsoon and Winter Monsoon at an Industrial Region in Delhi, India Earth Space Sci. (IF 2.312) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Saurabh Sonwani; Pallavi Saxena; Anuradha Shukla
PM10 samples were collected and atmospheric organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were determined during summer monsoon (SM) and winter monsoon (WM) seasons in 2016–17 at an industrial location in New Delhi, India. Owing to high combustion and emission activities in the industrial area, it was imperative to characterize the carbonaceous aerosols, including their morphology and seasonal distribution
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How to build a quantum internet Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Dan Fox; Davide Castelvecchi
Specialised quantum computers could pave the way for a new type of internet
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Coronapod: Google-backed database could help answer big COVID questions Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Benjamin Thompson; Noah Baker; Amy Maxmen
Hear the latest science from the coronavirus pandemic.
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Intestinal worms throw open the door to dangerous viruses Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26
With its effect on the gut lining, a parasite aids another infectious agent.
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The first known space hurricane pours electron ‘rain’ Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26
Earth’s upper atmosphere cooks up a storm.
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SARS-CoV-2 spike D614G change enhances replication and transmission Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Bin Zhou; Tran Thi Nhu Thao; Donata Hoffmann; Adriano Taddeo; Nadine Ebert; Fabien Labroussaa; Anne Pohlmann; Jacqueline King; Silvio Steiner; Jenna N. Kelly; Jasmine Portmann; Nico Joel Halwe; Lorenz Ulrich; Bettina Salome Trüeb; Xiaoyu Fan; Bernd Hoffmann; Li Wang; Lisa Thomann; Xudong Lin; Hanspeter Stalder; Berta Pozzi; Simone de Brot; Nannan Jiang; Dan Cui; Jaber Hossain; Malania Wilson; Matthew
During the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in humans a D614G substitution in the spike (S) protein emerged and became the predominant circulating variant (S-614G) of the COVID-19 pandemic1. However, whether the increasing prevalence of the S-614G variant represents a fitness advantage that improves replication and/or transmission in humans or is merely due to founder effects remains elusive. Here, we generated
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Good vibrations make a soft gel strong Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26
Inside a composite structure, mechanical energy is transformed into an electron flow that powers a chemical reaction.
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Plan to create UK version of DARPA lacks detail, say researchers Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Holly Else
The process of setting up a funding agency for high-risk research in the United Kingdom is under way. But questions remain about how it will benefit science.
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Major physics society won’t meet in cities with racist policing record Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Nidhi Subbaraman
The American Physical Society’s new criteria for conference venues seem to be unique among scientific societies.
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Can COVID spread from frozen wildlife? Scientists probe pandemic origins Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Dyani Lewis
Studies from China suggest that the coronavirus can be transmitted on frozen surfaces — but scientists say that’s unlikely to be how the pandemic started.
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Liar lyre: male lyrebirds try to get more sex with frightening falsehoods Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-25
The male’s misleading alarm calls could help to keep the female in his embrace.
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Breaking the binary by coming out as a trans scientist Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Robin Aguilar
Institutions need experts in racial justice and queer liberation to shoulder the burden of advocating for scientists from under-represented groups, says Robin Aguilar.
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A new borehole electromagnetic receiver developed for controlled-source electromagnetic methods Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. (IF 1.182) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Sixuan Song; Ming Deng; Kai Chen; Muer A; Sheng Jin
Conventional surface electromagnetic methods have limitations of a shallow detection depth and low resolution. To increase the detection depth and resolution, borehole–surface electromagnetic methods for electromagnetic three-dimensional observations of the ground, tunnels, and boreholes have been developed. Current borehole receivers only measure a single parameter of the magnetic field component
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Petrogenetic implications and geochronology of middle Miocene Tannayama igneous rocks, Goto Islands, Japan Sea southern margin, northwestern Kyushu, Japan Isl. Arc (IF 1.655) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Yoshimitsu Suda; Kenichiro Tani; Miho Yamaguchi; Susumu Kakubuchi
The subduction of “hot” Shikoku Basin and the mantle upwelling related to the Japan Sea opening have induced extensive magmatism during the middle Miocene on both the back‐arc and island‐arc sides of southwest Japan. The Goto Islands are located on the back‐arc side of northwestern Kyushu, and middle Miocene granitic rocks and associated volcanic, hypabyssal, and gabbroic rocks are exposed. The igneous
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Laboratory study of strength, leaching, and electrical resistivity characteristics of heavy-metal contaminated soil Environ. Earth Sci. (IF 2.18) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Fusheng Zha, Fanghua Zhu, Long Xu, Bo Kang, Chengbin Yang, Wei Zhang, Jiwen Zhang, Zhenghong Liu
In this work, geotechnical properties of heavy-metal contaminated soil consist of basic properties, strength, leaching, electrical resistivity and microstructural characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the clay content, specific surface area and cation exchange capacity of the soil decreased as heavy-metal concentrations increased. The decrease in basic properties was more significant
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Spatial and temporal monitoring of drought conditions using the satellite rainfall estimates and remote sensing optical and thermal measurements Adv. Space Res. (IF 2.177) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Farzane Mohseni; Maryam Kianysadr; Saeid Eslamian; Atta Areffian; Ali Khoshfetrat
Drought is an important natural disaster that causes devastating impacts on the ecosystem, livestock, environment, and society. So far, various remote-sensing methods have been developed to estimate drought conditions, each of which has advantages and restrictions. This study aims to monitor the real-time drought indices at the field scales via the integration of various earth observations. Our proposed
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Polarimetric Calibration of Spaceborne and Airborne Multifrequency SAR Data for Scattering-Based Characterization of Manmade and Natural Features Adv. Space Res. (IF 2.177) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Shashi Kumar; Arun Babu; Shefali Agrawal; Udit Asopa; Shashwat Shukla; Abhisek Maiti
The Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) systems use electromagnetic radiations of different polarizations in the microwave frequency to collect the scattering information from targets on the Earth. Nevertheless, as with any other electronic device, the PolSAR systems are also not ideal and subjected to distortions. The most important of these distortions are the polarimetric distortions
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Understanding genesis of iron oxide concretions present in Dhandraul (Vindhyan) Sandstone: Implications in formation of Martian hematite spherules J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Prakash Jha, Pranab Das, Dwijesh Ray
Abstract The iron oxide concretions of Shankargarh (Allahabad), India belongs to Dhandraul Sandstone of Vindhyan Supergroup. Petrography of concretions shows abundant quartz grains embedded within the iron oxide cementation. XRD analysis of the concretion shows diagnostic peaks for quartz, hematite, and goethite. The A–CN–K and A–CNK–FM ternary diagrams drawn for concretion and host rock bulk composition
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Effects of fluorinated solvents on electrolyte solvation structures and electrode/electrolyte interphases for lithium metal batteries [Chemistry] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Xia Cao, Peiyuan Gao, Xiaodi Ren, Lianfeng Zou, Mark H. Engelhard, Bethany E. Matthews, Jiangtao Hu, Chaojiang Niu, Dianying Liu, Bruce W. Arey, Chongmin Wang, Jie Xiao, Jun Liu, Wu Xu, Ji-Guang Zhang
Electrolyte is very critical to the performance of the high-voltage lithium (Li) metal battery (LMB), which is one of the most attractive candidates for the next-generation high-density energy-storage systems. Electrolyte formulation and structure determine the physical properties of the electrolytes and their interfacial chemistries on the electrode surfaces. Localized high-concentration electrolytes
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Vaccinating the oldest against COVID-19 saves both the most lives and most years of life Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-16 Joshua R. Goldstein, Thomas Cassidy, Kenneth W. Wachter
Many competing criteria are under consideration for prioritizing COVID-19 vaccination. Two criteria based on age are demographic: lives saved and years of future life saved. Vaccinating the very old against COVID-19 saves the most lives, but, since older age is accompanied by falling life expectancy, it is widely supposed that these two goals are in conflict. We show this to be mistaken. The age patterns
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Uplift Capacity and Failure Mechanism of Under-Reamed Piles in Clay Based on Lower Bound Finite Element Limit Analysis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. A Phys. Sci. (IF 0.921) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Mantu Majumder, Debarghya Chakraborty
The present study estimates the uplift capacity of the under-reamed pile in clay with a linearly increasing undrained cohesion. The uplift capacity of the under-reamed pile is presented in the form of a non-dimensional factor Fcu. The following parameters are considered for estimating the uplift capacity: embedment length of under-reamed pile to shaft diameter ratio (Lu/D), normalized bulb distance
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Using of gene expression programming method for prediction of daily components of tidal cycle in tidal rivers Arab. J. Geosci. (IF 1.327) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Arash Adib, Farhad Sheydaei, Mohammad Mahmoudian Shoushtari, Seyed Mohammad Ashrafi
The forecasting of tide or ebb elevation is a conventional issue. However, prediction of different components of tidal cycle in tidal rivers is a new aspect in geology and river engineering. For this purpose, this study utilizes the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) method in the Khosro-Abad, Khorramshahr, and Arvand Rood tidal stations (from 2001 to 2008). For short-term forecasts, normality and stationary
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Welding intensity assessment of pyroclastic units based on engineering quality requirements Arab. J. Geosci. (IF 1.327) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Levent Selçuk, Turgay Beyaz
Changes to physical and mechanical properties of pyroclastic flow deposits occur during welding process, resulting from overburden pressure and temperature. A great deal of research has been carried out to identify which physical parameters can enable quantification of the degree of welding within pyroclastic deposits. Material properties, such as density, porosity, hardness, abrasion, and compressive
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Integrated geoinvestigation for evaluation of an engineering site—a case study from the western Riyadh city, central Saudi Arabia Arab. J. Geosci. (IF 1.327) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Sattam A. Almadani, Kamal Abdelrahman, Saleh Qaysi
Microtremors were measured at 18 stations to the west of Riyadh, and the H/V spectral ratio method was used to estimate the resonance frequency and amplification factor. These parameters indicate the presence of foundation bedrocks at various levels with variable thickness of soil where resonance frequency varies from 0.26 to 2.63 Hz, while the amplification factor ranges from 1.1 to 8.9. Moreover
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Prediction and evaluation of blast-induced ground vibrations for structural damage and human response Arab. J. Geosci. (IF 1.327) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Turker Hudaverdi, Ozge Akyildiz
This research focuses on blast-induced structural damage and human response to vibrations. Frequency is one of the important parameters that affect damage probability and human perception. The first and primary target of the study is to predict ground vibration and frequency simultaneously. A feed-forward back propagation neural network was created for modeling. Three operational parameters and vibration
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Regional hydrogeology of the Arab-D aquifer in Central and Eastern Saudi Arabia with highlighting its environmental and energy potential Arab. J. Geosci. (IF 1.327) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Mohammed J. Al-Mahmoud
The Jurassic Arab-D reservoir hosts major oil-producing zone in Eastern Saudi Arabia with production from individual wells exceeding 25000 B/D. From a water supply perspective, Saudi water authorities consider it a minor aquifer with small yields of relatively high salinity; hence, it did not receive much attention in previous studies of aquifers. The present paper describes regional hydrogeological
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