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Electromagnetic fields regulate iron metabolism: From mechanisms to applications J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-29 Shenghang Wang, Jiancheng Yang, Chenxiao Zhen, Huiru Wang, Peng Shang
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Proteomic profiling in cerebrospinal fluid reveal biomarkers for shunt outcome in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-29 Yuqi Ying, Jingquan Lin, Wei Gao, Liang Yue, Qingze Zeng, Katrina Bartas, Dayeon Cheong, Hongjie Jiang, Zhe Zheng, Ligen Shi, An Ping, Yuanjian Fang, Feng Yan, Tiannan Guo, Jianmin Zhang, Hemmings Wu, Kevin Beier, Junming Zhu, Zhoule Zhu
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Nutritional and hormonal regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis drives fat body remodeling for reproductive competence J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Yiying Li, Mengyao Lang, Qiongjie He, Yuanyuan Hu, Huanhuan Shi, Siqian Zheng, Zhongxia Wu, Shutang Zhou
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OTUD1 delays wound healing by regulating endothelial function and angiogenesis in diabetic mice J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-27 Jiajia Zhang, Weiqi Li, Yanan Liu, Jianing Zheng, Guoxuan Liu, Mingyang He, Zehang Zheng, Majun Zhu, Namki Cho, Guang Liang, Xue Han, Huazhong Ying, Qiaojuan Shi
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Super-Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of extreme precipitation explained by shift from stratiform to convective rain type Nat. Geosci. (IF 15.7) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Nicolas A. Da Silva, Jan O. Haerter
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Extreme Indian summer monsoon states stifled Bay of Bengal productivity across the last deglaciation Nat. Geosci. (IF 15.7) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 K. Thirumalai, S. C. Clemens, Y. Rosenthal, S. Conde, K. Bu, S. Desprat, M. Erb, L. Vetter, M. Franks, J. Cheng, L. Li, Z. Liu, L. P. Zhou, L. Giosan, A. Singh, V. Mishra
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Carbonate weathering enhances nitrogen assimilatory uptake in rivers globally Nat. Geosci. (IF 15.7) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Hongkai Qi, Yi Liu, Haoran Wang, Xingxing Kuang, Aditya Nugraha Putra, Jiu Jimmy Jiao, Jianping Gan
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Drag acting on suspended sediment increased by microbial colonization Nat. Geosci. (IF 15.7) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Naiyu Zhang, Haochen Li, Fan Xu, Charlotte E. L. Thompson, Ian H. Townend, Qing He
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Cryptic genetic variation in brain gene expression precedes the evolution of cannibalism in spadefoot toad tadpoles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Dante J. Nesta, Cristina C. Ledón-Rettig
The origins of novel behaviors are poorly understood, despite behavior’s hypothesized roles in evolution. One model, “genetic accommodation,” proposes that selection on ancestral phenotypic plasticity may precede the evolution of novel traits. A critical assumption of genetic accommodation is that ancestral lineages possess heritable genetic variation for trait plasticity that is revealed in novel
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Anatomy of the magmatic–hydrothermal system beneath Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia, by joint seismological and petrophysical analysis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Ying Liu, John Michael Kendall, Haijiang Zhang, Jonathan D. Blundy, Matthew E. Pritchard, Thomas Hudson, Patricia MacQueen
For a volcanic system, evaluating potential eruption probability requires understanding the extent of melt and gas accumulation in the upper crustal reservoir, which is challenging to resolve. Here, we jointly use geophysical imaging and petrophysical analysis to unravel the current state and pathway of gas or supercritical fluids in the upper crust beneath Uturuncu volcano in Bolivia. Although it
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Bone microstructure supports a Mesozoic origin for a semiaquatic burrowing lifestyle in monotremes (Mammalia) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Suzanne J. Hand, Laura A. B. Wilson, Camilo López-Aguirre, Alexandra Houssaye, Michael Archer, Joseph J. Bevitt, Alistair R. Evans, Amalia Y. Halim, Tzong Hung, Thomas H. Rich, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Robin M. D. Beck
The platypus and four echidna species are the only living egg-laying mammals and the sole extant representatives of Order Monotremata. The platypus and echidnas are very disparate both morphologically and ecologically: The platypus is a specialized semiaquatic burrowing form that forages for freshwater invertebrates, whereas echidnas are fully terrestrial and adapted for feeding on social insects and
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Increased flood exposure in the Pacific Northwest following earthquake-driven subsidence and sea-level rise Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Tina Dura, William Chilton, David Small, Andra J. Garner, Andrea Hawkes, Diego Melgar, Simon E. Engelhart, Lydia M. Staisch, Robert C. Witter, Alan R. Nelson, Harvey M. Kelsey, Jonathan C. Allan, David Bruce, Jessica DePaolis, Michael Priddy, Richard W. Briggs, Robert Weiss, SeanPaul La Selle, Michael Willis, Benjamin P. Horton
Climate-driven sea-level rise is increasing the frequency of coastal flooding worldwide, exacerbated locally by factors like land subsidence from groundwater and resource extraction. However, a process rarely considered in future sea-level rise scenarios is sudden (over minutes) land subsidence associated with great (>M8) earthquakes, which can exceed 1 m. Along the Washington, Oregon, and northern
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Design and structural basis of selective 1,4-dihydropyridine inhibitors of the calcium-activated potassium channel K Ca 3.1 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Seow Theng Ong, Young-Woo Nam, Joshua A. Nasburg, Alena Ramanishka, Xuan Rui Ng, Zhong Zhuang, Stephanie Shee Min Goay, Hai M. Nguyen, Latika Singh, Vikrant Singh, Alicia Rivera, M. Elaine Eyster, Yang Xu, Seth L. Alper, Heike Wulff, Miao Zhang, K. George Chandy
The 1,4-dihydropyridines, drugs with well-established bioavailability and toxicity profiles, have proven efficacy in treating human hypertension, peripheral vascular disorders, and coronary artery disease. Every 1,4-dihydropyridine in clinical use blocks L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. We now report our development, using selective optimization of a side activity (SOSA), of a class of 1,4-dihydropyridines
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Radiation protection and structural stability of fungal melanin polylactic acid biocomposites in low Earth orbit Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Radames J. B. Cordero, Kim K. de Groh, Quigly Dragotakes, Saranshu Singla, Christopher Maurer, Andrew Trunek, Arlene Chiu, Jonghyun Hwang, Sylvie Crowell, Theresa Benyo, Susanna M. Thon, Lynn J. Rothschild, Ali Dhinojwala, Arturo Casadevall
Materials in low Earth orbit (LEO) face radiation, atomic oxygen erosion, and extreme temperature fluctuations, which can severely compromise their structural and functional integrity. Developing lightweight, multifunctional materials capable of withstanding these harsh conditions is critical for long-term space exploration and sustainable extraterrestrial settlements. This study evaluates the structural
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Mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes during high-temperature condensation in cosmochemical plasmas Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Nathan Asset, Marc Chaussidon, Guillaume Lombardi, Johan Villeneuve, Romain Tartèse, Smail Mostefaoui, François Robert
Contrary to all terrestrial rocks, planets and meteorites exhibit oxygen isotope variations decorrelated with the mass difference of their atomic nuclei. It has been proposed that, in the protosolar nebula (PSN), these variations could result from mass independent isotopic fractionation (MIF) either during specific chemical reactions similar to those responsible for the formation of ozone in the Earth’s
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Integrating single-cell data with biological variables Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Yang Zhou, Qiongyu Sheng, Shuilin Jin
Constructing single-cell atlases requires preserving differences attributable to biological variables, such as cell types, tissue origins, and disease states, while eliminating batch effects. However, existing methods are inadequate in explicitly modeling these biological variables. Here, we introduce SIGNAL, a general framework that leverages biological variables to disentangle biological and technical
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Exposure and health risks of livestock air resistomes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Wei Sun, Jun Wang, Guangdong Wang, Lan Jiang, Wenlu Feng, Shuangsuo Dang, Mei Li, Shuo Jiao, Gehong Wei, Jie Gu, James M. Tiedje, Xun Qian
Most of the global antibiotic consumption is by the livestock industry, making livestock farms a hotspot of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Farm air poses direct ARG exposure to workers, but the health risks of air resistomes remain unclear. We evaluated the human exposure and health risks of air resistomes in pig and chicken farms and compared air resistomes in Chinese farms to those in European
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Gag proteins encoded by endogenous retroviruses are required for zebrafish development Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Ni-Chen Chang, Jonathan N. Wells, Andrew Y. Wang, Phillip Schofield, Yi-Chia Huang, Vinh H. Truong, Marcos Simoes-Costa, Cédric Feschotte
Transposable elements (TEs) make up the bulk of eukaryotic genomes and examples abound of TE-derived sequences repurposed for organismal function. The process by which TEs become coopted remains obscure because most cases involve ancient, transpositionally inactive elements. Reports of active TEs serving beneficial functions are scarce and often contentious due to difficulties in manipulating repetitive
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A hierarchy of processing complexity and timescales for natural sounds in the human auditory cortex Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Kyle M. Rupp, Jasmine L. Hect, Emily E. Harford, Lori L. Holt, Avniel Singh Ghuman, Taylor J. Abel
Efficient behavior is supported by humans’ ability to rapidly recognize acoustically distinct sounds as members of a common category. Within the auditory cortex, critical unanswered questions remain regarding the organization and dynamics of sound categorization. We performed intracerebral recordings during epilepsy surgery evaluation as 20 patient-participants listened to natural sounds. We then built
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Inhaled DNAI1 mRNA therapy for treatment of primary ciliary dyskinesia Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Mirko Hennig, Rumpa B. Bhattacharjee, Ishita Agarwal, Ali Alfaifi, Jade E. Casillas, Sofia Chavez, Daniella Ishimaru, David Liston, Sakya Mohapatra, Touhidul Molla, Suyog Pathare, Maninder S. Sidhu, Peng Wang, Zechen Wang, T. Noelle Lombana, Vladimir G. Kharitonov, Jessica A. Couch, David J. Lockhart, Brandon A. Wustman
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in one of at least 50 different genes that encode proteins involved in the biogenesis, structure, or function of motile cilia. Genetically inherited defects in motile cilia cause PCD, a debilitating respiratory disease for which there is no approved therapy. The dynein axonemal intermediate chain 1 (DNAI1) protein
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Ultrasound-activated cilia for biofilm control in indwelling medical devices Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Pedro Amado, Cornel Dillinger, Chaimae Bahou, Ali Hashemi Gheinani, Dominik Obrist, Fiona Burkhard, Daniel Ahmed, Francesco Clavica
Biofilm formation and encrustation are major issues in indwelling medical devices, such as urinary stents and catheters, as they lead to blockages and infections. Currently, to limit these effects, frequent replacements of these devices are necessary, resulting in a significant reduction in patients’ quality of life and an increase in healthcare costs. To address these challenges, by leveraging recent
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Water-directed pinning is key to tau prion formation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Michael P. Vigers, Samuel Lobo, Saeed Najafi, Austin Dubose, Karen Tsay, Pritam Ganguly, Andrew P. Longhini, Yingying Jin, Steven K. Buratto, Kenneth S. Kosik, M. Scott Shell, Joan-Emma Shea, Songi Han
Tau forms fibrillar aggregates that are pathological hallmarks of a family of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. The synthetic replication of disease-specific fibril structures is a critical gap for developing diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This study debuts a strategy of identifying a critical and minimal folding motif in fibrils characteristic of tauopathies and generating seeding-competent
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Dopamine induces fear extinction by activating the reward-responding amygdala neurons Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Xiangyu Zhang, Katelyn Flick, Marianna Rizzo, Michele Pignatelli, Susumu Tonegawa
The extinction of conditioned fear responses is crucial for adaptive behavior, and its impairment is a hallmark of anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Fear extinction takes place when animals form a new memory that suppresses the original fear memory. In the case of context-dependent fear memory, the new memory is formed within the reward-responding posterior subset of basolateral
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A symbiotic gene stimulates aggressive behavior favoring the survival of parasitized caterpillars Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Zhiwei Wu, Xiaotong Wu, Zhizhi Wang, Xiqian Ye, Lan Pang, Yanping Wang, Yuenan Zhou, Ting Chen, Sicong Zhou, Zehua Wang, Yifeng Sheng, Qichao Zhang, Jiani Chen, Pu Tang, Xingxing Shen, Jianhua Huang, Jean-Michel Drezen, Michael R. Strand, Xuexin Chen
Animals often exhibit increased aggression in response to starvation, while parasites often manipulate host behavior. In contrast, underlying molecular mechanisms for these behavioral changes are mostly unknown. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella , is an agricultural pest that feeds on cruciferous plants as larvae, while Cotesia vestalis is a parasitoid wasp that parasitizes diamondback moth
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Twinfilin is a nonprocessive depolymerase which synergizes with formin to dramatically accelerate actin filament uncapping by 300-fold Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Vishal Reddy, Ankita Arya, Shashank Shekhar
For over four decades, our understanding of cellular actin dynamics has been guided by the concept of treadmilling. However, this paradigm has been challenged by the evidence that twinfilin can uncap and promote depolymerization of filament barbed ends, though its precise mechanism remains debated. Using single-molecule microscopy and microfluidics-assisted TIRF imaging, we demonstrate that twinfilin
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Possible evidence of excitonic condensation in a topological insulator Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Ryo Mori, Kazuaki Takasan, Ping Ai, Samuel Ciocys, Kaishu Kawaguchi, Takeshi Kondo, Takahiro Morimoto, Alessandra Lanzara
The transient excitonic condensate is a nonequilibrium electron–hole Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer state in a photoexcited semiconductor and semimetal, where electron–hole pairs undergo a phase transition and condense into a single coherent quantum state. Despite numerous experimental works to realize the predicted excitonic condensation phase, experimental evidence still remains elusive. This is largely
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Dysregulation of MYBL2 impairs extravillous trophoblast lineage development and function, contributing to recurrent spontaneous abortion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Zhi-Hong Wu, Cen Yi, En-Xiang Chen, Jia-Qi Xu, Cong Li, Lu Yao, Fang-Fang Li, Li-Juan Fu, Lu-Xing Ge, Ying-Xiong Wang, You-Long Xie, Yu-Bin Ding, Jing Tang
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a pregnancy-related condition characterized by a complex etiology. While placental trophoblast dysfunction is strongly associated with the development and progression of RSA, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we observed a significant decrease in the expression of MYB Proto-Oncogene Like 2 (MYBL2) in the villous tissue
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Challenges to sustainable large-scale shale gas development in China Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Jian Wu, Jingqiang Tan, Jinqi Xu, Lei Li, Gregory C. Beroza, Kevin G. Mumford, Cole Van De Ven, Baixi Chen, Derek Elsworth
China’s shale gas production has grown annually by 21% since 2017 with long-term national energy strategy calling for continued expansion. This large-scale shale gas development is challenged by constraints on water supply. It requires over 6,000 new wells to be drilled within the Yangtze River Basin in South China—one of China’s most populated regions with sensitive ecological and geological conditions
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Dissociation of SYNGAP1 enzymatic and structural roles: Intrinsic excitability and seizure susceptibility Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Julia Brill, Blaise Clarke, Ingie Hong, Richard L. Huganir
SYNGAP1 is a key Ras-GAP protein enriched at excitatory synapses, with mutations causing intellectual disability and epilepsy in humans. Recent studies have revealed that in addition to its role as a negative regulator of G-protein signaling through its GAP enzymatic activity, SYNGAP1 plays an important structural role through its interaction with postsynaptic density proteins. Here, we reveal that
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Persistent inequalities in global air quality monitoring should not delay pollution mitigation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 E. Keith Smith, Camille Fournier de Lauriere, Ella Henninger
Air pollution is a global health crisis that disproportionately affects lower- and middle-income countries. We examine global air quality monitoring data, highlighting persistent inequalities in high-exposure regions, and assess the potential of emerging technologies to improve data utility for mitigation. Improving air quality, however, does not need to wait for more data, nor will monitoring alone
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Genomic analysis of progenitors in viral infection implicates glucocorticoids as suppressors of plasmacytoid dendritic cell generation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Yeara Jo, Trever T. Greene, Carolina Chiale, Kai Zhang, Ziyan Fang, Simone Dallari, Nuha Marooki, Wei Wang, Elina I. Zuniga
Plasmacytoid Dendritic cells (pDCs) are the most potent producers of interferons, which are critical antiviral cytokines. pDC development is, however, compromised following a viral infection, and this phenomenon, as well as its relationship to conventional (c)DC development is still incompletely understood. By using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice as a model system, we observed
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A twist grain boundary phase in aqueous solutions of the nucleic acid tetramer GTAC Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Gregory P. Smith, Chenhui Zhu, Mikail Zernenkov, Guillaume Frechet, Noel A. Clark
At high concentration, long Watson/Crick (WC) double-helixed DNA forms columnar crystal or liquid crystal phases of linear, parallel duplex chains packed on periodic lattices. This can also be a structural motif of short NA oligomers such as the 5’-GTAC-3’ studied here, which makes four-base WC duplexes having hydrophobic blunt ends. End-to-end aggregation then assembles these duplexes into columns
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Copy-cat evolution: Divergence and convergence within and between cat and dog breeds Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-28 Abby Grace Drake, Liam J. Revell, Christian Peter Klingenberg, Jimmy C. Lattimer, Nathan C. Nelson, Martin J. Schmidt, Allison L. Zwingenberger, Joshua K. Moyer, Jonathan B. Losos
Many domesticated species exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity. In nature, selection produces not only divergence but also convergence when organisms experience similar selective pressures. Whether artificial selection during domestication also produces convergence has received little attention. Three-dimensional shape analysis of domestic cat and dog skulls demonstrated convergence at multiple
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Modulation of Macrophage ferroptosis under the guide of infrared thermography promotes the healing of pressure injuries J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-26 Xiaoqiong Jiang, Xuanlong Zhang, Huiming Deng, Lulu Lin, Yu Wang, Yuqi Wang, Jiayi Huang, Ningning Yang, Shi Xu, Jian Wang, Keqing Shi, Ke Tao, Zimiao Chen, Fuman Cai, Kailiang Zhou, Jian Xiao
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Developmentally endothelial locus-1 facilitates intestinal inflammation resolution by suppressing the Cmpk2-cGAS-STING pathway and promoting reparatory macrophage transition J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Meihui Tao, Li Wang, Chaoyue Chen, Mengfan Tang, Yanping Wang, Jingyue Zhang, Xi Zhao, Qinyu Feng, Junfa Chen, Wei Yan, Rong Lin, Yu Fu
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Circular RNA circATM binds PARP1 to suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induce cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Xiaohui Zhu, Xiaojing Zhang, Ying Qin, Yang Chen, Xianling Feng, Shiqi Deng, Fan Hu, Yuan Yuan, Xiaonuan Luo, Kaining Du, Shanshan Chang, Xinmin Fan, Hassan Ashktorab, Duane Smoot, Zhe Jin, Yin Peng
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CircPAFAH1B2 induces chondrocytes mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes cartilage degeneration through binding molecular chaperone ClpB J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 YuFan Bu, Chang Zhao, Yewen Qian, Lingxiang Chen, Kaiyuan Zhu, Han Wu, Guoqing Liao, Haosheng Li, Lishuai Mu, Yonghua Que, Deyang Wang, Yuhong Wei, Guangyao Li, Tingli Zhang, Jiangdong Ren, Guangxin Huang, Shu Hu
IntroductionThis study explores the role of circPAFAH1B2 in osteoarthritis (OA) by investigating its influence on nuclear-mitochondrial communication, a largely unexplored area in OA progression. By uncovering how circPAFAH1B2 regulates mitochondrial function, the study aims to identify novel therapeutic targets for OA prevention and treatment. ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the regulatory
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Chaperone-mediated autophagy sustains pericyte stemness necessary for brain tissue homeostasis J. Adv. Res. (IF 11.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Maria Dolores Salinas, Carlos M. Martínez, Francisco J. Roca, David García-Bernal, Marta Martínez-Morga, Juan R. Rodríguez-Madoz, Felipe Prósper, Agustín G. Zapata, Jose María Moraleda, Salvador Martínez, Rut Valdor
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In This Issue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-22
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 16, April 2025.
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Dynamical-generative downscaling of climate model ensembles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Ignacio Lopez-Gomez, Zhong Yi Wan, Leonardo Zepeda-Núñez, Tapio Schneider, John Anderson, Fei Sha
Regional high-resolution climate projections are crucial for many applications, such as agriculture, hydrology, and natural hazard risk assessment. Dynamical downscaling, the state-of-the-art method to produce localized future climate information, involves running a regional climate model (RCM) driven by an Earth System Model (ESM), but it is too computationally expensive to apply to large climate
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Lab earthquakes reveal a wide range of rupture behaviors controlled by fault bends Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Tom Gabrieli, Yuval Tal
Natural faults are typically nonplanar and exhibit multiple bends, which deviate from the general fault orientation at different angles. However, while such deviations are considered a key factor controlling earthquake propagation and, hence, its intensity and magnitude, direct experimental evidence of how bends affect earthquake ruptures is nearly nonexistent. Here, we present direct experimental
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Comparative analysis of STP6 and STP10 unravels molecular selectivity in sugar transport proteins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Camilla Gottlieb Andersen, Laust Bavnhøj, Søren Brag, Anastasiia Bohush, Adriana Chrenková, Jan Heiner Driller, Bjørn Panyella Pedersen
The distribution of sugars is crucial for plant energy, signaling, and defense mechanisms. Sugar Transport Proteins (STPs) are Sugar Porters (SPs) that mediate proton-driven cellular uptake of glucose. Some STPs also transport fructose, while others remain highly selective for only glucose. What determines this selectivity, allowing STPs to distinguish between compounds with highly similar chemical
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Five-body recombination of identical bosons Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Michael D. Higgins, Chris H. Greene
This work treats resonant collisions between five identical ultracold bosons in the framework of the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. The five-body recombination rate coefficient is quantified using a semiclassical description in conjunction with an analysis of the lowest five-body hyperspherical adiabatic potential curves in a scattering length regime with no universal weakly bound tetramers
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Host use drives convergent evolution in clownfish Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Théo Gaboriau, Anna Marcionetti, Alberto Garcia-Jimenez, Sarah Schmid, Lucy M. Fitzgerald, Baptiste Micheli, Benjamin Titus, Nicolas Salamin
Clownfishes (Amphiprioninae) are a fascinating example of a marine radiation. From a central Pacific ancestor, they quickly colonized the coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific and diversified independently on each side of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Their association with sea anemones has been proposed to be a key innovation that enabled the clownfish radiation. However, this intuition has little empirical
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Biofilm architecture determines the dissemination of conjugative plasmids Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Sarah Djermoun, Daniel K. H. Rode, Eva Jiménez-Siebert, Niklas Netter, Christian Lesterlin, Knut Drescher, Sarah Bigot
Plasmid conjugation is a contact-dependent horizontal gene transfer mechanism that significantly contributes to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among bacteria. While the molecular mechanisms of conjugation have been extensively studied, our understanding of plasmid transfer dynamics within spatially structured bacterial communities and the influence of community architecture on plasmid dissemination
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Prevalence of simplex compression in adversarial deep neural networks Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Yang Cao, Yanbo Chen, Weiwei Liu
Neural collapse (NC) reveals that the last layer of the network can capture data representations, leading to similar outputs for examples within the same class, while outputs for examples from different classes form a simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF) structure. This phenomenon has garnered significant attention due to its implications on the intrinsic properties of neural networks. Interestingly
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Trophic convergence of marine vertebrate communities worldwide Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-25 Juan David González-Trujillo, Jorge Assis, Ester Serrão, Mark John Costello, Eliza Fragkopoulou, Manuel Mendoza, Miguel B. Araújo
Biogeographic regions arise due to constraints on species ranges, fostering lineage divergence as a result. Yet, convergent evolution means that evolutionary distinct lineages can share similar characteristics when subjected to similar environmental conditions. The ecological convergence of distinct regions has been demonstrated in terrestrial communities, but it remains uncertain if marine systems
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Conserved C143 forms a branched intermediate in Hedgehog autoprocessing: A cancer drug discovery target against Hedgehog signaling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Shannon Faris, Ke Xia, Andrew G. Wagner, Zihan Xu, Nathan Smith, José-Luis Giner, Brian Callahan, Jian Xie, Chunyu Wang
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays fundamental roles in embryonic development while its abnormal activation in adults is associated with cancer. Hh targeting drugs have gained FDA approval but resistance emerged quickly, underlining the need for novel types of Hh inhibitors. Hh signaling is initiated by the Hh ligand, generated from the autoprocessing of Hh precursor. However, the catalytic role of a highly
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Patulin and Xestoquinol are inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase 1 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Emanuela Tumini, Ralf E. Wellinger, Emilia Herrera-Moyano, Patricia Navarro-Cansino, María García-Rubio, Daniel Salas-Lloret, Alejandro Losada, María J. Muñoz-Alonso, Hélène Gaillard, Rosa Luna, Andrés Aguilera
DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is essential for transcription, replication, and repair. Its function relies on two catalytic steps, DNA breakage and rejoining. Inhibitors of the second step prevent DNA rejoining and lead to persistent DNA breaks, acting as topoisomerase poisons, used as anticancer drugs. However, reliable inhibitors of the first step are not available. Here, we provide genetic and molecular
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Bounded dissipation law and profiles of turbulent velocity moments in wall flows Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Xi Chen, Katepalli R. Sreenivasan
Understanding the effects of solid boundaries on turbulent fluctuations remains a long-standing challenge. Available data on mean-square fluctuations in these flows show apparent contradiction with classical scaling. We had earlier proposed an alternative model based on the principle of bounded dissipation. Despite its putative success, a conclusive outcome requires much higher Reynolds numbers than
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Disentangling conduction pathways at the ionic–electronic interface in EMI-TFSI-covered graphene transistors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Mathieu Lizée, Ali Esfandiar, Eva Panoni, Artem Mischenko, Pierre-Louis Taberna, Patrice Simon, Lydéric Bocquet
Transport of electrons and ions at carbon surfaces immersed in electrolytes is instrumental for a wide variety of membrane processes as well as energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors. Ion transport in a nanoporous electrode strongly depends on its electronic conductance and on the interfacial capacitance with the electrolyte. In this study, we use in-plane impedance spectroscopy to disentangle
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Subunit specialization in AAA+ proteins and substrate unfolding during transcription complex remodeling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Forson Gao, Fuzhou Ye, Martin Buck, Xiaodong Zhang
Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a multisubunit enzyme that copies DNA into RNA in a process known as transcription. Bacteria use σ factors to recruit RNAP to promoter regions of genes that need to be transcribed, with 60% bacteria containing at least one specialized σ factor, σ 54 . σ 54 recruits RNAP to promoters of genes associated with stress responses and forms a stable closed complex that does
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Evolutionary feedbacks for Drosophila aggression revealed through experimental evolution Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Anna R. Girardeau, Grace E. Enochs, Julia B. Saltz
Evolutionary feedbacks occur when evolution in one generation alters the environment experienced by subsequent generations and are an expected result of indirect genetic effects (IGEs). Hypotheses abound for the role of evolutionary feedbacks in climate change, agriculture, community dynamics, population persistence, social interactions, the genetic basis of evolution, and more, but evolutionary feedbacks
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Infrared light stimulates the cochlea through a mechanical displacement detected and amplified by hair cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Julien B. Azimzadeh, Patricia M. Quiñones, John S. Oghalai, Anthony J. Ricci
Although cochlear implants (CI) are the standard of care for profound sensorineural hearing loss they are technically constrained by the tendency of electrical current to spread within the fluid-filled chambers of the cochlea. This limits the resolution of individual electrodes and patients’ perceptions of complex sounds. Infrared irradiation has been proposed as an alternative to electrical stimulation
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Molecular organization of central cholinergic synapses Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Justin S. Rosenthal, Dean Zhang, Jun Yin, Caixia Long, George Yang, Yan Li, Zhiyuan Lu, Wei-Ping Li, Zhiheng Yu, Jiefu Li, Quan Yuan
Synapses have undergone significant diversification and adaptation, contributing to the complexity of the central nervous system. Understanding their molecular architecture is essential for deciphering the brain’s functional evolution. While nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) are widely distributed across metazoan brains, their associated protein networks remain poorly characterized. Using
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Morphogenesis of spin cycloids in a noncollinear antiferromagnet Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.4) Pub Date : 2025-04-24 Shashank Kumar Ojha, Pratap Pal, Sergei Prokhorenko, Sajid Husain, Maya Ramesh, Xinyan Li, Deokyoung Kang, Peter Meisenheimer, Darrell G. Schlom, Paul Stevenson, Lucas Caretta, Yousra Nahas, Yimo Han, Lane W. Martin, Laurent Bellaiche, Chang-Beom Eom, Ramamoorthy Ramesh
Pattern formation in spin systems with continuous-rotational symmetry (CRS) provides a powerful platform to study emergent complex magnetic phases and topological defects in condensed-matter physics. However, its understanding and correlation with unconventional magnetic order along with high-resolution nanoscale imaging are challenging. Here, we employ scanning nitrogen vacancy (NV) magnetometry to