MODIS surface reflectance product (R_land) has been used to monitor waters due to its free availability and higher spatial resolution than MODIS ocean bands. However, its applicability in aquatic remote sensing has not been sufficiently assessed. Some fundamental questions such as the following need to be addressed: How does the R_land product perform in global inland and coastal waters? What water

The largest uncertainty in future projections of sea level change comes from the uncertain response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to the warming oceans and atmosphere. The ice sheet gains roughly 2000 km3 of ice from precipitation each year and loses a similar amount through solid ice discharge into the surrounding oceans. Numerous studies have shown that the ice sheet is currently out of long-term equilibrium

Achieving a local understanding of fire regimes requires high-resolution, systematic and dynamic databases. High-quality information can help to transform evidence into decision-making in the context of rapidly changing landscapes, particularly considering that geographical and temporal patterns of fire regimes and their trends vary locally over time. Global fire scar products at low spatial resolutions

Abstract. Green roofs are roofs incorporating a deliberate layer of growing substrate and vegetation. They can reduce both indoor and outdoor temperatures, so are often presented as a strategy to reduce urban overheating, which is expected to increase due to climate change and urban growth. In addition, they could help decrease the cooling energy demand of buildings thereby contributing to energy and

The Pampean loess is the most extensive continental paleo-record of aeolian material in the Southern Hemisphere, recording the deposition of dust transported by two major zonal wind systems: the southern westerly winds and the subtropical jets. In order to increase the understanding on paleo-atmospheric circulation over the Southern Hemisphere, we evaluate dust provenance through REE, Nd, Sr and Pb

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 35, August 2022.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 35, August 2022.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 35, August 2022.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 35, August 2022.

Abstract. The entire Arctic is rapidly warming, which brings in a multitude of environmental consequences far beyond the northern high-latitude limits. Land cover maps offer biophysical insights into the terrestrial environment and are therefore essential for understanding the transforming Arctic in the context of anthropogenic activity and climate change. Satellite remote sensing has revolutionized

Ferromanganese nodules (FMNs) are common products of pedogenesis and differ significantly from the surrounding soil matrix in terms of morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition. FMNs have direct impacts on nutrient cycles and heavy metal adsorption, and the concentric ring structure (or undifferentiated fabric) of FMNs can serve as fingerprints in assessing the paleoclimatic conditions and

With the aim of testing the representativity of detrital zircon U-Pb datasets, we combine new and published data from 31 large river systems in Europe and compare this information with the well-known geology of the continent. Detrital zircon ages range from Archean to Cenozoic and age clusters can be linked to different orogenic cycles and the formation of supercontinents thus representing all relevant

A review of the early Holocene paleoseismicity in areas covered by huge ice sheets in the interior of Fennoscandia and North America shows that observational data and numerical modelling are consistent with a Glacial Isostatic Adjustment response to ice removal from thick old lithosphere during the last deglaciation. We primarily relate this climate-earthquake relationship to the combined effects of

A new ethics framework urges researchers to promote greater equity in global collaborations.

The Research Briefing is a new format for communicating research papers to our readers.

The currently available long-term snow depth data sets are either from point-scale ground measurements or from gridded satellite/modeled/reanalysis data with coarse spatial resolution, which limits the applications in climate models, hydrological models, and regional snow disaster monitoring. Benefitting from its unique advantages of cost-effective and high spatiotemporal resolution (∼ 1000 m2, hourly

Abstract. The Global Runoff Data Centre provides time series of observed discharges that are valuable for calibrating and validating the results of hydrological models. We address a common issue in large-scale hydrology that has not been satisfactorily solved, though investigated several times. To compare simulated and observed discharge, grid-based hydrological models must fit reported station locations

From June to August 2020, an observational network of 103 meteorological ground-based stations covered the greater area (50 km × 35 km) of Hamburg (Germany) as part of the Field Experiment on Sub-mesoscale Spatio-Temporal variability at Hanseatic city of Hamburg (FESST@HH). The purpose of the experiment was to shed light on the sub-mesoscale (𝒪(100) m–𝒪(10) km) structure of convective cold pools

Abstract. Groundwater can respond quickly to precipitation and is the main contribution to streamflow in most catchments in humid, temperate climates. To better understand shallow groundwater dynamics in a boreal headwater catchment, we installed a network of groundwater wells in two areas in the Krycklan catchment in Northern Sweden: a small headwater catchment (3.5 ha, 54 wells) and a hillslope (1

The Orphan Basin, located offshore northeastern Newfoundland, Eastern Canada, is a Mesozoic rift basin formed during the disintegration of Pangaea and the concurrent opening of the North Atlantic Ocean. The majority of previous work has divided the basin into the East (EOB) and West Orphan (WOB) subbasins, separated by the Central Orphan High (COH). These subbasins share some similarities but have

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 34, August 2022.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 34, August 2022.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 34, August 2022.

In this paper, we present a comprehensive experiment, namely, an Integrated Microwave Radiometry Campaign for snow (IMCS), in Xinjiang, China, during the snow season of 2015–2016. The campaign hosted a dual-polarized microwave radiometer operating at L, K, and Ka bands to provide minutely passive microwave observations of snow cover at a fixed site, along with daily manual snow pit observations of

Abstract. Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water balance system in the “Asian water tower” region, the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, accurately monitoring and understanding the spatial and temporal variability of the ET components (soil evaporation Es, canopy transpiration Ec, and intercepted water evaporation Ew) on the TP remains gravely challenging due to the paucity of

Abstract. Global land cover (GLC) information with fine spatial resolution is a fundamental data input for studies on biogeochemical cycles of the Earth system and global climate change. Although there are several public GLC products with 30 m resolution, considerable inconsistencies were found among them especially in fragmented regions and transition zones, which brings great uncertainties to various

Abstract. An extensive field campaign (EDoM) was executed in the Ems estuary, bordering the Netherlands and Germany, aiming at better understanding the mechanisms driving exchange of water and sediments between a relatively exposed outer estuary and a hyperturbid tidal river. Particularly the reasons for the large up-estuary sediment accumulation rates and the role of the tidal river on the turbidity

Wildfires have a strong negative effect on the environment, ecology and public health. However, the potential degradation of mainstream global fire products leads to large uncertainty in the effective monitoring of wildfires and their influence. To fill this gap, we produced Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) global fire products with a similar spatial and temporal resolution, aiming to serve as an alternative to

Abstract. The Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) is a critical land surface variable for carbon cycle modeling and ecological monitoring. Several global FAPAR products have been released and have become widely used; however, spatiotemporal inconsistency remains a large issue for the current products, and their spatial resolutions and accuracies can hardly meet the user

Abstract. Empirical study of the isotopic features of river runoff were carried out at three hydrological posts in 3 different river basins: the Zakza river in the center of East European Plane (southwest of the Moscow), the Dubna river (north of the Moscow) and the Sosna river in the south of central region. Samples of river water, groundwater and precipitation for the October 2019–October 2021 were

Abstract. One of the largest challenges with soil information around the world is how to harmonize archived soil data from different sources and how make it usable to extract knowledge. In Ecuador there have been two major projects that provided soil information, whose methodology, although comparable, did not coincide, especially regarding the structure of how information was reported. Here, we present

Abstract. The Earth climate system is out of energy balance and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere and the atmosphere. According to the 6th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this planetary warming over multiple decades is human-driven and results in unprecedented and committed changes to the Earth system

Abstract. A complete global flood event record helps researchers analyse the distribution law of global floods and better formulate and manage disaster prevention and reduction policies. This study used GRACE terrestrial water storage and precipitation data combined with high-frequency filtering, anomaly detection and flood potential index methods to successfully extract historical flood days quasi-globally

The failures of engineered dams that retain freshwater or mining waste (tailings) have led to socioeconomic and environmental consequences. However, the global magnitude-frequency statistics of these occurrences remain poorly quantified, out-of-date and/or limited in scope. Addressing this gap would give insight into how the hazard-risk of water-retention (reservoir) dams and mine tailings impoundments

Debris flows are among the most catastrophic natural phenomena, attracting the interest of researchers, engineers and government agencies. The complexity of the physical process has led to the development of numerous mathematical models to simulate and deeper understand the propagation of debris flows. Nevertheless, the intrinsic characteristics of models are not all suitable for every process observed

As the archetype of mountain building in subduction zones, the Central Andes has constituted an excellent example for investigating mountain-building processes for decades, but the mechanism by which orogenic growth occurs remains debated. In this study we investigate the Southern Central Andes, between 22° and 35°S, by examining the along-strike variations in Cenozoic uplift history (<45 Ma) and the

The unique self-generation and self-storage characteristics of shale gas allow for its geochemical characteristics to better reflect the gas generation process inside the original rock under geological conditions. Based on a systematic analysis of 541 typical shale gas components and stable isotope compositions worldwide, this review provides an in-depth elucidation of the geochemical characteristics

The offshore Chinese basins are located in the transition zone from the East Asia to the Western Pacific plate. The Cenozoic evolution of these basins reflects the geodynamic processes in East Asia. However, the coupling of the evolution of the offshore Chinese basins to the geodynamic processes occurring in the East Asian continental margin is still poorly understood. Here, the rifting processes of

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 34, August 2022.

Plant litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems involves the physical and chemical breakdown of organic matter. Development of databases is a promising tool for achieving a predictive understanding of organic matter degradation at regional and global scales. In this paper, we present aridec, a comprehensive open database containing litter mass loss data from aridlands across the world. We describe

The study presents a climatology of aerosol composition concentrations obtained by a recently developed algorithm approach, namely the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP)/Component. It is applied to the whole archive of observations from the POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER-3). The conceptual specifics of the GRASP/Component approach

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 34, August 2022.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 119, Issue 34, August 2022.