ABSTRACT The dynamic response of freestanding structures is poorly predicted due to known sensitivity to geometry and input motion. To further elucidate the salient features of this dynamic response, the aim of this study is to investigate the response of complex freestanding systems under real-world conditions. Two statue-pedestal systems that overturned during the 2014 South Napa Earthquake are employed

ABSTRACT Pounding among internal structural parts of seismically isolated structures may happen because of high horizontal deformability of the isolation system. To study this poorly investigated issue, a reinforced concrete (r.c.) framed structure built in Sicily (Italy) is considered, with a hybrid isolation system combining elastomeric and sliding bearings. The building consists of four-storey,

ABSTRACT The use of elastomeric bearings for base isolation is well established through several studies. This paper is mainly focused on an innovative Fiber-Reinforced Bearing (FRB) developed using recycled rubber (RR-FRBs) and glass fabric reinforcement. These bearings tend to have better dissipation capacity, low weight and reduced cost in comparison with conventional Laminated Rubber Bearings (LRBs)

ABSTRACT Bidirectional quasi-static cyclic loading was applied to a subassembly of drywall partition walls integrated with cross-laminated timber rocking walls. Details aimed to reduce seismic damage to the partition walls were investigated, such as slip connections of partition walls to the diaphragm and gap detailing for the wall intersections. Telescoping detailing eliminated damage to the framing

ABSTRACT This study presents an overview of seismic hazards in Bhutan and the vulnerability of Bhutanese vernacular constructions derived from damage caused by two earthquakes that occurred in 2009 and 2011. Interpretations of damage and seismically vulnerable features of such constructions are provided from field observations. The taxonomy and vulnerability of all existing Bhutanese buildings are

ABSTRACT The close proximity of some populated cities all over the world to the active faults shows the necessity to investigate the consequences of the prominent characteristics of near-fault pulse-like ground motions (i.e., the forward directivity and fling-step) on the seismic performance of the code-compliant multi-story buildings. This paper attempts to quantify the effects of pulse-like near-fault

ABSTRACT This paper summarizes a sophisticated field investigation of the seismic damage to a continuous rigid frame bridge. Cracking and deformation of main girder, failure of bearings, and damage of piers were examined. The whiplash effect of the long side span of main bridge caused the prominent damage of bearings and restrainers on the transition piers. A numerical model was developed for supplementary

ABSTRACT The precise description of reinforced concrete shear wall (RCSW) systems under severe dynamic loading remains a difficult research question owing to the intrinsically multi-scale underlying mechanisms, ranging from building’s irregularity to individual core walls, and even to the millimeter length-scales nonlinear shear over cracks and progressive steel bar buckling. This study adopted a parallel

ABSTRACT This study presents a novel hybrid self-centering system aiming to overcome critical shortcomings identified in the existing self-centering solution. Two types of hybrid brace incorporating shape memory alloy elements and integrated viscoelastic dampers are first introduced, followed by a system-level analysis on a series of prototype buildings. The results show that using viscoelastic material

ABSTRACT In recent earthquakes in Japan, it was difficult for some reinforced concrete buildings to maintain their functionality after earthquakes due to damage to nonstructural RC walls. Currently, society expects quick recovery, if not uninterrupted functionality, of buildings after earthquakes. In this paper, four hybrid rocking wall specimens, along with rocking wall and RC wall were tested to

ABSTRACT Buildings are found to be more vulnerable in near-fault regions such that they should be designed with higher strength. In this study, the importance of pulse period and peak ground velocity on the efficiency of the strong column-weak beam ratio (SCWBR) is evaluated through incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis. This work involved two aspects: improving the collapse capacity of structures

ABSTRACT To improve the isolation property of conventional-coned disc spring isolation (CDSI) bearings, novel coned-disc spring compound vertical isolation (CDSCI) bearings were proposed. These combined the conventional CDSI bearings with high–damping viscoelastic (HDV) layers. Static loading tests, dynamic loading tests, and temperature dependence tests were conducted to study the mechanical performance

ABSTRACT This paper illustrates a novel method for stochastic simulation of the vertical components of the near-field pulse-less earthquakes. The model parameters are estimated for 120 near-field records and regressed against the scenario parameters including moment magnitude, epicentral distance, hypocentral depth, and the shear-wave velocity. The model is verified by simulating records for nine different

ABSTRACT The present work aims at developing the first probabilistic fling hazard map of India and adjoined regions. First, we developed a new ANN-based ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) for fling corresponding to horizontal and vertical directions. The developed GMPE is based on permanent ground residual displacement form 556 scenario events considered consistent with the regional characteristics

ABSTRACT Previous researchers have extended the direct displacement-based design (DDBD) procedure, to design reinforced concrete moment-resisting frame (RC-MRF) buildings with linear viscous dampers (LVDs). In those studies, the viscous damper forces are found to be larger than the design viscous damper forces because the actual relative structural velocity is different from the pseudo-velocity and

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the seismic bearing capacity of strip footings on undrained clay with single continuous square voids. Numerical studies for a wide range of geometric parameters and material properties are performed using adaptive finite element limit analysis (AFELA). Based on the pseudo-static approach, rigorous upper and lower bounds of the seismic bearing capacity for the strip

ABSTRACT We study a two-dimensional structure–equipment model standing on a semi-circular flexible foundation embedded in the homogeneous half-space subjected with plane SH-waves, as a companion to the previous study of dynamic soil–structure–equipment interaction based on rigid-foundation model. We obtain the analytical solution of the system response that demonstrates the influence of foundation

ABSTRACT In Hollow Structural Section (HSS) column-beam-brace connections, offset between gusset plate and HSS column webs leads to large distortion and out-of-plane deformation in HSS column face. To alleviate such undesirable effect, this paper proposes a new connection which consists of concrete infill and gusset plate passing through HSS column, called Through-Gusset Plate (TGP).The results indicated

ABSTRACT Suspended ceiling systems are among the most frequently reported earthquake-vulnerable nonstructural elements. Despite their importance, a rational seismic design procedure for suspended ceiling systems has not been developed because of their complex details and behavior. In this study, the seismic performance of direct- and indirect-hung suspended ceilings was evaluated based on shake table

ABSTRACT A self-centering viscous-hysteretic device (SC-VHD), composed of a viscous damper and ring springs in parallel, which combines velocity-proportional viscous energy dissipation and displacement-proportional hysteretic energy dissipation is studied. To evaluate the seismic behavior of structures with self-centering viscous-hysteretic devices and obtain appropriate parametric combinations between

ABSTRACT The computational complexity and high computational costs are the main obstacles to estimate the seismic demand and capacity of non-linear structural systems and assess their seismic performance under strong earthquake events. On the other hand, the current response modification factors for seismic design of structures are mainly based on a single performance target, and therefore, cannot

ABSTRACT Until recently, the viscous damping ratio pervasively assumed has been ζ = 5 % . However, the dynamic identification of the experimental response recorded in recent large-scale shake-table tests shows that lower levels of viscous damping are more appropriate when material nonlinearities are explicitly accounted for. This paper investigates a hybrid constant-ductility inelastic displacement

ABSTRACT The paper focuses on the analysis of actual bending moments in RC walls of high-rise structures. A comprehensive analysis was carried out on three concrete buildings in order to evaluate the accuracy of the procedure for obtaining bending moments proposed by Eurocode 8 (EC8). The buildings are designed according to EC8 for medium ductility class (DCM) and high ductility (DCH). Nonlinear 3D

ABSTRACT This paper studies the seismic performance of precast concrete shear walls with horizontal bolted joints. A fiber-based finite-element analysis (FEA) model was developed to simulate the seismic behavior of the walls. The numerical results were verified by the experimental results of the walls. Applying the proposed FEA model, a parametric study was conducted to research the effect of main

ABSTRACT What is the probability of collapse of tall steel braced frame buildings under San Andreas earthquakes in the next 30 years? Using more than 38000 ground motion histories from simulations of 60 scenario earthquakes on the San Andreas fault with magnitudes in the range of 6–8, 3-D nonlinear analysis of several variants of an 18-story steel braced frame building is conducted to address this

ABSTRACT This paper presents the development (concept, design, detailing, and fabrication) and experimental validation of a novel low-damage precast concrete cladding panel system that can accommodate significant inter-story drift demand through the rocking mechanism of the panels facilitated by smartly designed connections between the panels and the structural members. Two adjacent in-plane panels

ABSTRACT In this study a seismic risk analysis of masonry buildings based on damage data of L’Aquila 2009 earthquake is presented. Typological loss curves and Expected Annualized Losses (EAL) values are presented, starting from the data collected into AeDES forms available in the Da.D.O. database. A completion is proposed for improving the sample statistical significance, and correctly including undamaged

ABSTRACT In this paper, the description of a series of quasi-static pushing tests and dynamic snap-back tests is proposed, involving the base-isolated emergency building of the Palermo university hospital. The base isolation system is characterized by a set of double-curved friction pendulum isolators placed on the top of the columns of the underground level, characteristics that cannot be found in

ABSTRACT This study established a 3D seismic analysis model for the reef-seawater system, in which the fluid-solid interaction algorithm, the fluid and solid artificial boundaries are adopted for numerical modelling, and the boundary substructure method is used for seismic wave input. On that basis, we conduct a comparative seismic analysis between 2D and 3D models. The results show that the ground

ABSTRACT The hysteretic behavior of high-damping rubber bearings under different non-proportional plane loading paths is experimentally examined. Compared with unilateral reversal loading test results, non-proportional plane loading will make the rubber of high-damping rubber bearings have additional regional shear strain, thus leading to quite different mechanical properties and hysteretic behavior

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the potential of adopting the spectral acceleration Sa(T) as an efficient measure for the estimation of the seismic performance of bare and infilled R/C buildings within the context of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering. A large number of planar R/C buildings with different masonry infills’ distributions are analyzed using nonlinear time-history analyses. The correlation

ABSTRACT Limiting values of column-to-beam moment capacity ratio (MCR) that ensure a desirable collapse mechanism has been presented by many international standards as well as published literature. However, compliance of such requirements is reported to be computationally involved, which makes it unattractive to the design office. Also, the studies on the effectiveness of this requirement in terms

ABSTRACT A simplified framework is proposed in this study to assess the seismic fragility curves of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under different failure patterns in a unified manner. Within this framework, RC columns are simulated by an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system, where a quasi-static experimental database is compiled to calibrate the seismic demand model and identify the limit

ABSTRACT The seismic performance of earth dams can nowadays be performed via dynamic analyses using constitutive models of sufficient accuracy in describing cyclic soil behavior. However, a number of assumptions different from soil model affect the problem as a whole. In this paper, a 2D model of a simplified homogeneous earth dam is developed, to assess the influence of bedrock compliance, vertical

ABSTRACT In this study, out-of-plane experimental tests are performed on masonry partitions in reinforced concrete frames. The out-of-plane strength of reference as-built specimens with and without arching action is assessed. Then, specimens strengthened with an FRCM or with an FRP are tested in absence of arching effect. The application of composite materials significantly increases the out-of-plane

ABSTRACT Issues with traditional implementations of tangent-stiffness-proportional damping model are associated with negative damping forces that develop in the post-yield range when the system stiffness becomes negative and with unrealistic damping forces arising at degrees of freedom undergoing second-order movements only. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a localized formulation of the

ABSTRACT We subjected nine full-scale masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame specimens to quasi-static cyclic loading to critically review the methods for determining the damage state of masonry infill walls to develop reliable in-plane fragility functions. Among the three methods, the method based on maximum crack widths gave the smallest dispersion, whereas the skeleton curve-based methods generated

ABSTRACT The seismic vulnerability of high-speed railway (HSR) bridges may be overestimated or underestimated when the track structure is oversimplified in a finite element model. Thus, the author established a track-bridge model considering CRTS II slab ballastless track and a trackless-bridge model. The effect of track constraint on the seismic vulnerability of various bridge components and overall

ABSTRACT This paper presents a parametric investigation on the effects of viscous coupling on the seismic responses of subway stations in a saturated poroelastic half-space which is modeled as a two-phase medium by the Biot’s theory. Moreover, an equivalent single-phase model for the saturated poroelastic half-space is introduced, and comparisons between the single-phase solutions and the two-phase

ABSTRACT This paper provides a review of the procedure of customizing ShakeMap V4.0 provided by U.S. Geological Survey based on seismic characteristics of Iran. Selecting appropriate GMPEs, adopting a suitable spatial cross-correlation model and proper modeling of site condition are important factors in the context of the ShakeMap algorithm. The present paper technically reviews the aforementioned

ABSTRACT A seismic loss-based design framework is proposed. It relies on the introduction of a multi-objective loss-performance matrix that attempts to set an innovative design approach directly associating loss measures to performance levels as a function of the design seismic intensity and the social importance of the building. This approach provides higher awareness about the economic consequences

ABSTRACT This study proposed a general framework for adaptive delay compensation in real-time hybrid simulation(RTHS). This framework is composed of two main parts: an adaptive feedforward controller to handle variable time delay and amplitude discrepancies, and a feedback controller to enhance the robustness of compensation. In particular, the adaptive feedforward controller is determined using a

ABSTRACT Analysis of alatticed spherical shell is carried out by using the scaled and spectrum-matched records. The seed records for scaling and spectrum matching are selected, so their ground motion intensity measures are consistent with chosen targets. The analysis results indicate that the use of the spectrum-matched records leads to the coefficient of variation (COV) values of the load effects

ABSTRACT Centrifuge shaking table tests were conducted to reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of the effects caused by complicated seismic histories on the liquefaction resistance of a saturated sand deposit. The centrifuge model was shaken by a well-designed seismic sequence including 16 shakings in a certain order. Macroscopic and mesoscopic dynamic responses of the sand deposit were measured and analyzed

ABSTRACT The regional seismic damage assessment methods based on time-history analysis usually ignore the site-city interactions (SCI). The SCI may influence the simulated seismic responses and damage states of buildings. However, very few studies have been conducted to quantify the SCI effects on the damage states of buildings. In this study, the SCI effects on the seismic damage of buildings were

ABSTRACT After earthquakes, an accurate and efficient seismic-damage prediction is indispensable for emergency response. Existing methods face the dilemma between accuracy and efficiency. A real-time and accurate seismic-damage prediction method based on machine-learning algorithms and multiple intensity measures (IMs) is proposed here. 48 IMs are used for representing the ground-motion characteristics

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the seismic behavior of the rectangular-reinforced concrete columns subjected to pure flexure, pure torsion, and combined flexural-torsional loadings using 4 quarter-scaled experimental specimens. During flexural-torsional loading, the axial rotation to the relative displacement ratios were considered to be 2 and 4. The ultimate displacement capacity and the flexural

ABSTRACT Reinforced Concrete (RC) frame buildings with shear wall are widely used in severe seismic zones. However, the underlying soil-foundation system modifies the conventional fixed-base natural period through imparted flexibility. The currently available relationships for the modified natural period are mostly applicable to shallow foundations. Hence, those are not suitable for RC frame-wall buildings

ABSTRACT This study is focussed on the collapse performance assessment of steel truss moment frames (STMFs) with Vierendeel panels. The main parameters varied in this numerical study are the height of structures, bay width, aspect ratio of special segments, and number of ductile panels within the special segments. Incremental dynamic analyses are performed on twenty number of STMF archetypes having

ABSTRACT A study focused on evaluating the influence of higher modes of vibration on the seismic design of buildings with viscous dampers is presented. In the first part of the study, expressions to estimate velocity and acceleration correction factors, applicable to Mexico City, are proposed. In the second part, a numerical evaluation of two buildings with different characteristics is presented. Results

The seismic isolation technique is one of the most effective methods to control the seismic vibrations of structures by isolating them from the ground. In this research, an experimental and numerical study of a proposed elastomeric seismic isolator is presented. The proposed seismic isolator is composed of three components: rubber, top, and bottom connection plates, as well as steel rings, to enclose

A novel assessment method for rapid structural safety state assessment is developed based on state-of-the-art machine learning technology. In this paper, a deep neural network (DNN), which originated in computer science, is first introduced, including its concept, structure and related training algorithms. Then the evaluation procedure to determine the structural safety state based on the DNN is developed

This paper investigates the performance of the Magnetorheological damper as a smart dissipating device in the isolated buildings for prevention of seismic pounding. To that end, an isolated building was modeled by considering the pounding effect with different gap distances. Multi-objective optimization was performed to optimize the fuzzy logic control of damper for each gap distance. The results showed

It is well known that seismic events at sea can lead to severe effects on marine facilities. A seismic event can generate amplifications due to local conditions of the place, that is, site effects. In this work, we show numerical results of seismic amplifications on the seabed where there is the presence of deposits formed by soft soils. We formulate the problem using an Indirect Boundary Element Method

A theoretical calculation method for RC bridge column hysteretic model in saline soil environment was proposed. The effects of axial compression ratio and corrosion rate were considered in the test. Based on the failure process of the specimen, a trilinear skeleton curve model was proposed and theoretically calculated. Through the regression analysis of the test results, the unloading stiffness of

This study investigates the soil–structure interaction (SSI) behavior of low- to medium-rise steel moment-resisting frames (SMRF) resting on loose Ganga sand through a series of resonant vibration tests. Three-dimensional models of a three-story and a six-story structure are used for this purpose. Horizontal harmonic excitations, tuned to the first two natural frequencies of the structures, are applied

In this study, experiments are conducted to investigate the effect of wall-to-frame connectors on in-plane/out-of-plane (IP/OOP) behavior of the steel frames infilled with autoclave-cured aerated concrete (AAC) wall to find a reasonable connection type. Six infilled frames with different connection designs were tested. In specimens with V-shaped and T-shaped connectors, the OOP stability of the wall

Potential effects of torsional components of ground motions (TGM) on the overall seismic response of symmetric skew highway bridges have been investigated. Analyses were conducted for various skew angles, plan dimensions, deck-abutment gap sizes, dynamic properties, and soil types (B and D). The models included nonlinear impact between deck-abutment explicitly. It was demonstrated that seismic response

Comprehending the behavior of gypsum partition walls, as well as their associated fragility curves, is an integral part of performing seismic risk assessment of buildings. Knowing this significant contribution, several experimental and verified analytical simulations are developed during the past two decades for partition walls. However, their fragility curves are limited to certain geometries due

The dynamic response of complex structures can be estimated by means of Generalized Single Degree of Freedom (G-SDOF) systems. The original concept of the G-SDOF system is revisited using an alternative viewpoint based on the equilibrium of the three resultant dynamic forces associated with the stiffness, mass and damping components, and applied to frame structures equipped with viscous dampers. In