This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a novel capacity-design based retrofit for improving both the local and global behaviour of existing reinforced concrete buildings using fibre-reinforced p...

This study explored rehabilitation of severely damaged bridge pier models using reinforced concrete jacketing method adopting a plastic hinge relocation technique. The test specimens were tested un...

ABSTRACT Predictive displacement models (PDMs) based on the Newmark sliding block method have been widely applied in earthquake-induced landslide hazard assessment (ELHA). Pulse-like ground motions (PLGMs) can cause significant structural damage. In this study, four PDMs that consider the probability of occurrence of PLGMs (PP) were created for strike-slip and non-strike-slip events. The results demonstrate

ABSTRACT The research attempts to provide a method for evaluating the susceptibility of heritage buildings and potential damage considering local site effects, using as a case study an urban sector situated in Horta, Faial, Azores, Portugal. The physical vulnerability of the investigated structures was appraised using an index-based method devised for structural masonry aggregates to emphasize their

A five story (G + 4) residential structure is positioned on 15°, 30°, and 45° slopes to be explored in this study in terms of vulnegrability and compared to the same structure resting on flat groun...

Shake table tests on two-tiered metal-strip MSE walls showed that the prevention of slip surface development in the lower half of the wall, improving seismic stability by increasing failure thresho...

ABSTRACT Generally, soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects significantly impact the dynamic behavior of fluid storage containers. Hence, ignoring the SSI may result in unrealistic fallouts. This research employs fully coupled numerical modeling to examine this effect on the dynamic behavior of rectangular incompletely filled rigid water storage containers under earthquake excitation. The tanks’ performance

ABSTRACT The damage assessment of numerous buildings after the earthquake is still a challenge by traditional methods as it requires a significant amount of time and resources for carrying out building-by-building seismic damage assessment. This study presents the machine learning (ML)-based damage assessment of buildings after an earthquake. The applicability of the machine learning model will be

ABSTRACT This paper estimates a correlation model and joint distribution model of spectral accelerations of vertical ground motions based on the NGA-West2 ground motion database. The correlation model calculated via BC16 vertical GMPE in this study is compared with those published models via other vertical NGA-West2 GMPEs. It is verified that the calculated residuals of vertical ground motions at multiple

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the seismic performance of a novel passive vibration isolation and damping device termed Extended KDamper (EKD). The concept is applied to a representative two-span highway bridge, initially designed on conventional seismic isolation (CSI) bearings. An optimization process is developed and executed to design the EKDs, underscoring the importance of accounting for seismic

ABSTRACT The cyclic performance of beam-only-connected Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls (CSPSWs) is studied experimentally and numerically. Two one-story single-bay specimens with single and double corrugated infill plates were built and tested under lateral cyclic load. The results demonstrated that CSPSWs could have a robust hysteresis curve with viable cyclic performance if designed properly.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the seismic retrofit of substandard reinforced concrete (RC) columns through external jacketing of potential plastic hinge zones using sprayed glass fiber-reinforced mortar and basalt textile reinforcement. An innovative spraying method was used to apply the matrix material to the concrete surface. A total number of eight full-scale columns (four reference, four retrofitted)

ABSTRACT Earthquakes have caused catastrophic results in cities since the beginning of settled life, and the cumulative experience of these events has indicated that the lack of seismic resilience brings enormous economic losses and threatens human life. Consequently, the importance of seismic risk mitigation of earthquake-prone structures has arisen to reduce the primary and secondary losses resulting

ABSTRACT Recent studies demonstrated that high-frequency earthquakes have the most effect on the economic losses during seismic events. However, code-based seismic design criteria mainly aim to provide the occupants’ life safety. In this regard, code-compliant structures may result in significant economic losses during their life span. These damages contribute to the higher repair costs and lengthy

ABSTRACT For regional hazard analysis or engineering applications, it is necessary to simulate a group of correlated ground motions containing information from given recordings. A new method is presented to conditionally generate ground motions at unobserved points using actual recordings in this localized region. This method is based on an extension of the traditional conditional simulation using

ABSTRACT In this work, a total of nine ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) filled steel tubular columns (UHPCFSTs) were fabricated and tested under cyclic loading. The results indicated that UHPCFSTs mainly exhibited flexural failure mode, compression-flexure failure mode and welding line fracture, and it changed from flexural failure mode to compression-flexure failure mode when the axial compression

ABSTRACT Earthquake early warning systems assess the size of an earthquake based on initial ground motion and provide warnings before the arrival of large waves. We employ the iterative regression to simultaneously estimate the station correlations and the corresponding linear relations for magnitude. We report the standard error reductions of the magnitude estimation based on the initial peak P-wave

ABSTRACT The dual metamodeling approach is usually adopted to tackle the stochastic nature of earthquakes in seismic reliability analysis relying on the lognormal response assumption. Alternatively, a direct response approximation approach where separate metamodels are constructed for each earthquake is attempted here avoiding prior distribution assumption. Further, an adaptive support vector regression-based

ABSTRACT The probabilistic prediction of peak ground acceleration (PGA) using the Fourier amplitude spectral (FAS) model has many advantages in regions lacking strong ground-motion records. Currently, the implementation of this approach for the calculation of annual exceedance rate of PGA relies on Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs). However, adopting MCS requires many times calculations of PGA from FAS

ABSTRACT This study develops a methodology for conducting a quantitative seismic risk assessment for shallow-buried tunnels that are induced by active fault dislocations. A case study for a tunnel crossing a strike-slip fault zone is performed using this method. The fault-tunnel crossing angle, the bedrock overburden thickness, the tunnel burial depth, the lining thickness, and the soil properties

ABSTRACT To consider the influence of epistemic uncertainties in both seismic hazard and numerical simulation on seismic risk of subway station structures, the uncertainties mentioned above are uniformly characterized as the epistemic uncertainty of seismic demand of subway station structures from the perspective of uncertainty propagation in this paper. On this basis, the analytical formulations of

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the stiffness and strength of log walls with standard and dovetail bonded corners under lateral loads. The finite element model is developed and validated with experimental work at small-scale and wall-scale levels. The validated wall-scale model was modified by conducting a detailed investigation on assessing the wall behaviour with varying crucial parameters, including

ABSTRACT Friction damper is characterized by two parameters, its stiffness and slip load. The present study provides the optimum values of these parameters providing the maximum efficiency of the damper. Various performance indices are evaluated at the optimum damper parameters and a new performance index is defined having a more consistent performance. This new performance index can be minimized to

ABSTRACT As an effective measure to decrease the residual displacement under earthquakes, unbonded prestressed concrete (UBPRC) columns have been carefully investigated in previous research, while the influence of the complex characteristics of near-fault excitations on the residual displacement of UBPRC is less mentioned. This paper, therefore, focuses on the influence mechanism of the pulse effect

ABSTRACT Estimating the story drift directly from acceleration records is challenging. This paper presents a systematic integration scheme involving the empirical mode decomposition of signals to estimate the earthquake-induced displacement of buildings, including their permanent deformation after an earthquake. A three-phase algorithm is proposed. In phase-1, the displacement waveform without residual

ABSTRACT This study investigated the seismic performance of high-strength recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) columns with high-strength reinforcement under cyclic loading. Five full-scale columns were carried out, and the results revealed that the lateral loading capacity of RAC column was slightly lower than that of natural aggregate concrete column. Increasing the axial load, the lateral loading capacity

ABSTRACT Confined masonry (CM) buildings experienced some major damages in past earthquakes. Numerous studies have investigated various strengthening techniques to improve the seismic performance of CM walls. A state of the art for strengthening CM structures using externally bonded reinforced cementitious composites, subjected to inplane loads is presented. A database of previous test results was

ABSTRACT The bearing capacity of strip footings placed adjacent to the rock slopes subjected to pseudo-static horizontal earthquake body forces has been investigated by using the upper bound (UB) finite element limit analysis (FELA) in combination with a mesh adaptive strategy. The generalized Hoek–Brown (GHB) failure criterion is applied to describe the strength properties of rock masses, which can

ABSTRACT The factors of the building’s structure’s overstrength performance need to be researched to decrease the large amount of the structural materials and the investments caused unreasonably by the overstrength performance. Taking the Guangzhou West Tower as an example, the main reasons why the Guangzhou West Tower model structure was not damaged after encountering an earthquake (PGA = 620 gal)

ABSTRACT In the present study, an effective analysis framework is developed for generating the floor response spectra (FRS) of nuclear power plants based on the explicit time-domain method (ETDM), an efficient approach recently proposed for nonstationary random vibration analysis of large-scale complex structures. The FRS obtained by the present approach are fully consistent with the code-specified

ABSTRACT One of the most widely used linear techniques for solving damage identification problems and prediction of the system dynamic behavior is modal testing and analysis. However, most of real structures exhibit nonlinear behavior during their lifetime caused by a number of various reasons. The presence of nonlinearity in a structural system changes its dynamic characteristics; hence, the use of

ABSTRACT This paper proposes probabilistic demand models to assess fragilities for high-rise buildings with three types of outrigger systems under seismic and wind loads. Parameters of the structural model are determined based on the structural material and geometric conditions. Parameters of the excitation model are determined based on the hazard characterization that varies with the hazard type.

ABSTRACT Precast concrete members are often connected in the plastic hinge zone by grouting such as shear wall. Precast connection types, different construction methods, and materials will affect the seismic performance of precast concrete structures. This paper experimentally studies the seismic performance of precast concrete shear walls with a new type of grouted sleeve. Furthermore, the sleeves

ABSTRACT The dynamic analysis of the out-of-plane response of masonry walls, with different reinforcing systems and hit by sequences of pulses alternating in sign, representative of the seismic action, is the aim of the paper. The analysis is done in the context of the Heyman model of the no tension masonry structures. We consider the wall of the last story of a simple masonry house, commonly reinforced

ABSTRACT Torsional status indicators of asymmetrical plan systems are evaluated. The ratio of two modal participation factors in a translational direction (lower to higher mode) is proved as a more accurate indicator than the ratio of translation and rotation dominant modal periods. Seismic responses of low-rise asymmetric-plan frames are then assessed through linear elastic and nonlinear response

ABSTRACT For mathematical convenience, in scattering research, foundation soil is generally oversimplified to be uniform or horizontally stratified site. This study aims to evaluate anti-plane scattering by a circular cavity in complex stratified sites. To simulate the complex stratified sites, a novel scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) for scalar waves is first derived in the Hamilton system

ABSTRACT An experimental and numerical research, aimed at evaluating the in-plane seismic performance of an innovative external steel modular system for the strengthening of load-bearing masonry walls, is currently underway at the EUCENTRE Foundation in Pavia. This paper presents, in particular, the results of the experimental part of this research campaign. Solid clay brick and hollow clay “doppio

ABSTRACT Different from a single tunnel, the cross tunnel with ultra-small spacing is characterized by high crossing risk, significant coupling of multiple effects, and difficulty in controlling stability. A shaking table model test was carried out to study the failure process and dynamic response of the cross tunnel with ultra-small spacing under seismic motions with various types and peak accelerations

ABSTRACT To establish a practical method to detect damage to autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) exterior walls subjected to earthquakes, a cyclic loading test of steel structural frames equipped with ALC exterior walls was performed. In the test, several compact and cost-effective MEMS accelerometers were placed on the ALC panels and steel structural frames to evaluate their effectiveness in damage

ABSTRACT Frequency-dependent equivalent linear (FD-EQL) site response analysis methods, developed as potential substitutes for the EQL procedure to better simulate the nonlinear soil response, have been reported to overpredict the high-frequency wave propagation. Modified procedures proposed to overcome this limitation have demonstrated to improve the fits with the nonlinear analysis results. The method

ABSTRACT This study used centrifuge model tests to evaluate the dynamic behavior of piles and sloped ground. Two types of test models were created based on the ground’s saturation. The researchers calculated p-y loops to analyze the dynamic interaction between piles and sloped ground, which can lead to liquefaction. In the dry sand model, the passive earth pressure of the slope greatly influenced pile

ABSTRACT This study proposes a novel seismic protection strategy that applies and distributes extended KDamper devices (d-EKD) along the height of an existing mid-rise building structure. The performance of the d-EKD is assessed on a set of real earthquake records and is compared to a system with optimally distributed Tuned Mass Dampers (d-TMD). The proposed framework with the d-EKDs manages to outperform

ABSTRACT An updated strong-motion database of the Iranian earthquakes has been used to propose empirical equations for the prediction of peak ground velocity (PGV), peak ground acceleration (PGA), and 5%-damped Spectral Accelerations (SA) up to 10.0 s for geometric mean of horizontal components. Some records from the NGA-West2 are added to the database to enrich it at near source distances for large

ABSTRACT Seismic damage to components and structures may cause extensive degradation of the seismic capacities of the damaged buildings. The analysis of the residual hysteretic behavior of post-earthquake damaged components and structures is a critical step in the assessment of their residual seismic capacities. Whereas, the difficulty in quantifying the damage distribution of materials in post-earthquake

ABSTRACT Buried pipelines are susceptible to non-uniform excitations in different directions, which may lead to severe damage. This study investigates the pipeline performance under longitudinal and transverse non-uniform excitations via multi-point shaking table tests. The results demonstrated that the seismic response of pipeline was affected more by soil inconsistent motion under transverse non-uniform

ABSTRACT Masonry structures are frequently constructed in developing countries because of their affordability and ease of construction, even though they are vulnerable and perform poorly during earthquakes. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out to determine the optimum thickness of the isolation layer for a recently developed, low-cost seismic isolation system known as the Reinforced-Cut-Wall

ABSTRACT UNESCO World Heritage Site Old City of Dubrovnik (Croatia) has been devastated by historical earthquake in 1667 of M ~ 7 as well 1979 M6.8 Montenegro earthquakes causing strong damage effects. The aim of this research is the evaluation of the geological structure and local site effects under the Old City, using non-invasive seismic survey methods to define the areas that can be subjected to

ABSTRACT The reliability of friction dependencies under real earthquakes has rarely been validated and the effect of the velocity and temperature increase caused by bidirectional excitation on the maximum displacement remains unclear. In this study, friction dependencies were validated using full-scale dynamic tests under earthquake response orbits, and their contribution to the maximum displacement

ABSTRACT This research aims to propose an alternative way to provide a recentering force to a precast unbonded post-tensioned reinforced concrete rocking wall (RW) using shape memory alloy (SMA) bars. The physical and mechanical properties, such as fatigue, corrosion resistance, and large damping capacity, qualify the SMA to be at the forefront of materials used in structural engineering applications

ABSTRACT Seismic vulnerability evaluation of existing buildings is essential to minimize the destructive impacts of earthquakes. Rapid visual screening (RVS) methods are simple and effective vulnerability assessment techniques to help quickly identify high-risk buildings for more detailed evaluations. Among various RVS methods, the Hassan–Sozen priority index (PI) is one of the simplest methods that

ABSTRACT The new trend toward modern earthquake-resistant design of buildings based on nonlinear dynamic analysis accounting for peak and energy demands requires efficient ground motion record selection procedures. For this reason, in the present work, two record selection strategies based on acceleration and input energy spectrum considering the spectral shape via Np are presented. Furthermore, both

ABSTRACT Seismic assessment of plain concrete structures like gravity dams is generally conducted based on cracking. The responses of two types of gravity dams, i.e. the conventional and roller compacted concrete (RCC), were investigated in this study using a discrete element tool coupled with special reservoir elements. Using incremental dynamic analysis, the relationship between the seismic intensity

ABSTRACT Seismic duration significantly impacts the structural seismic response. In order to obtain a correct time history analysis result of structural seismic design, determining a reasonable seismic duration scheme is imperative. In this paper, a five-span simply supported beam bridge and China Railway Track System (CRTS) II slab ballastless track system is taken as the research focus. A finite-element

ABSTRACT A numerical implementation method of the complex frequency-shifted uniaxial/multi-axial PML (CFS UPML/MPML) is developed for modeling half-space viscoelastic wave propagation. A mixed CFS PML combining CFS UPML and CFS MPML is designed to improve PML’s performances in avoiding evanescent waves at grazing incidence and stabilizing long-time simulation of low-frequency viscoelastic wave propagation

ABSTRACT This study investigates the semi-active control of railway bridges using an MR damper to reduce the excessive displacement in the bearings of isolated bridges under severe earthquakes. Within the study context, the variable-oval-control (VOC) rule based on structural response displacement feedback is applied to the MR damper and compared with a passive control and clipped optimal semi-active

ABSTRACT Seismic resilience has emerged as a trend in the seismic design of buildings, with self-centering components or systems used as an effective method to improve seismic resilience. The outrigger is an essential component for resisting the lateral load in super-tall buildings. However, the diagonal member of the traditional outrigger is prone to buckling, resulting in excessive residual deformation

ABSTRACT Dynamic performances of rocking-isolated systems containing identical SDOF superstructures on foundations with three different embedment depths are investigated. Accordingly, the abovementioned systems are subjected to harmonic excitation sequences compromising “light motion”-“moderate motion” and vice versa using shake table. Based on the results, under moderate motion, the acceleration response

ABSTRACT With a view to providing general Storey Loss Functions (SLFs) for existing reinforced concrete (RC) residential buildings in Italy, this paper layouts the procedure and the development of SLFs for different residential building typologies, using post-earthquake observational damage data of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. To do so, the addressed building typologies and the cost ratios, with respect

ABSTRACT Fuzzy decision-making and analytic hierarchical processes are ubiquitously used to predict the seismic damage and vulnerability of building clusters. However, the factors affecting the seismic vulnerability of building structures are diversification, cognitive uncertainty, and complex fuzziness. To probe the impact of multiple fuzzy influencing factors on the vulnerability of regional buildings

ABSTRACT Considerable damage is typically observed in non-structural walls after an earthquake. An energy-dissipative cladding panel system (EDCPS) was developed with the aim of improving the seismic resilience of buildings. To investigate the influence of EDCPS on the seismic resilience of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, a numerical simulation method was recommended and validated using the